Fusion reactor low-temperature heat source shunting utilization system and method coupled with organic Rankine cycle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion energy conversion, in particular to a fusion reactor low-temperature heat source shunting utilization system and method coupled with an organic Rankine cycle, and the system comprises a low-temperature heat source distribution loop, a main power generation system and an organic Rankine cycle power generation system; the low-temperature heat source distribution loop comprises a low-temperature heat source outlet, a low-temperature heat source inlet, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a preheater, an organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger and a regulating valve; a low-temperature heat source outlet is connected to an inlet of the first three-way valve, a first outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to a hot side inlet of the preheater through the adjusting valve, and a second outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to a hot side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger. The traditional mode that a low-temperature heat source is only used for preheating is broken through, surplus heat is used for driving independent organic Rankine cycle power generation, gradient utilization of energy is achieved, and the total power generation output and the energy conversion efficiency of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion energy conversion technology, specifically to a system and method for diverting and utilizing the cryogenic heat source of a fusion reactor coupled with an organic Rankine cycle. Background Technology

[0002] In the energy conversion system of a fusion reactor, in addition to the high-grade heat provided by the blanket, components such as the divertor and vacuum chamber also generate a large amount of medium- and low-temperature heat. Existing conventional designs typically use this low-temperature heat to preheat the working fluid in the main circulation loop, in order to achieve energy cascade utilization.

[0003] For some fusion reactor designs, the power output of the cryogenic heat source accounts for a significant proportion. In such scenarios, the working fluid flow rate in the main cycle is rigidly constrained by multiple factors, including system design, material pressure resistance, and operational economics. If the conventional approach is continued, the preheating loop alone cannot fully absorb the power of the cryogenic heat source, resulting in a large amount of wasted cryogenic heat and low overall system energy utilization efficiency. Forcibly increasing the main cycle flow rate to fully utilize the cryogenic heat would alter the optimal operating parameters of the main thermodynamic cycle, reduce its power generation efficiency, and impose additional design and operational burdens on critical equipment such as pumps, pipelines, and preheaters, posing challenges to both economic efficiency and reliability.

[0004] How to maximize the utilization of cryogenic thermal energy from fusion reactors without exceeding the constraints of the main circulation flow rate, and avoid energy waste, has become a critical technical bottleneck that urgently needs to be addressed to improve the economic viability of fusion energy. Current technologies lack system layout schemes that can flexibly match flow rates and fully utilize low-grade heat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the lack of system layout in the prior art that can flexibly match flow rate and make full use of low-grade heat, thereby providing a fusion reactor low-temperature heat source diversion and utilization system coupled with organic Rankine cycle.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle, comprising: a cryogenic heat source distribution loop, a main power generation system, and an organic Rankine cycle power generation system; the cryogenic heat source distribution loop includes a cryogenic heat source outlet, a cryogenic heat source inlet, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a preheater, an organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger, and a regulating valve; the cryogenic heat source outlet is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve, the first outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the hot-side inlet of the preheater via the regulating valve, the second outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the hot-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger, the hot-side outlet of the preheater and the hot-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger merge and are connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve, and the outlet of the second three-way valve is connected to the cryogenic heat source inlet; the main power generation system includes a high-temperature heat source outlet, a high-temperature heat source inlet, a steam generator, a main cycle turbine, a main cycle generator, a main cycle condenser, a cooling tower, a main cycle feedwater pump, and a circulating cooling system. The system includes a water pump, a first isolation valve, a second isolation valve, a third isolation valve, a fourth isolation valve, a fifth isolation valve, a sixth isolation valve, and a seventh isolation valve. The high-temperature heat source outlet is connected to the hot-side inlet of the steam generator. The steam outlet of the steam generator is connected to the inlet of the main circulation turbine via the first isolation valve. The main circulation turbine is connected to the main circulation generator. The exhaust port of the main circulation turbine is connected to the hot-side inlet of the main circulation condenser via the second isolation valve. The condensate outlet of the main circulation condenser is connected to the cold-side inlet of the preheater via the fifth isolation valve. The cold-side outlet of the preheater is connected to the feedwater inlet of the steam generator sequentially via the sixth isolation valve, the main circulation feedwater pump, and the seventh isolation valve. The hot-side outlet of the steam generator is connected to the high-temperature heat source inlet. The cooling water outlet of the cooling tower is connected to the cold-side inlet of the main circulation condenser sequentially via the fourth isolation valve, the circulating cooling water pump, and the third isolation valve. The cold-side outlet of the circulating cooling water pump is connected to the cooling tower.

[0007] Furthermore, the working fluid of the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit is high-temperature heat transfer oil, molten salt, or phase change material.

[0008] Furthermore, the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit also includes an oil pump, which is located between the second three-way valve and the low-temperature heat source inlet.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a tenth isolation valve and an eleventh isolation valve, which are located on both sides of the oil pump.

[0010] Furthermore, the main power generation system is a steam Rankine cycle, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, or a helium Brayton cycle.

[0011] Furthermore, the organic Rankine cycle power generation system includes an organic Rankine cycle steam turbine, an organic Rankine cycle generator, an organic Rankine cycle condenser, an organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump, an organic Rankine cycle regenerator, an eighth isolation valve, and a ninth isolation valve. The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle steam turbine via an eighth isolation valve. The organic Rankine cycle steam turbine is connected to the organic Rankine cycle generator, and its exhaust port is connected to the hot-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator. The hot-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser. The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump. The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator. The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger via the ninth isolation valve.

[0012] Furthermore, the working fluid of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system includes alkanes, siloxanes, or hydrofluoroethers.

[0013] Furthermore, the first isolation valve, the second isolation valve, the third isolation valve, the fourth isolation valve, the fifth isolation valve, the sixth isolation valve, the seventh isolation valve, the eighth isolation valve, the ninth isolation valve, the tenth isolation valve, and the eleventh isolation valve are all solenoid valves.

[0014] The present invention also provides an operation method for the coupled organic Rankine cycle fusion reactor cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system, including: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit is activated, so that the heat from the heat transfer oil from the low-temperature heat source of the fusion reactor circulates in the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit. By adjusting the first three-way valve and the regulating valve, the heat distribution ratio flowing to the preheater and the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger is dynamically controlled. The operation method includes at least the following two operating modes: in the initial stage of the main power generation system startup, most of the circulating heat is allocated to the preheater to quickly increase the temperature of the main circulating feedwater; after the main power generation system enters steady-state operation, the circulating heat is diverted, with a portion used to maintain the optimal preheating temperature of the main circulating feedwater and the remainder allocated to the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger for power generation.

[0015] Furthermore, in the steady-state operation mode, based on the deviation between the set value and the actual value of the main circulating working fluid temperature, and based on the real-time power generation demand of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system, the opening degree of the first three-way valve and the opening degree of the regulating valve are coordinated to achieve optimized control of heat distribution.

[0016] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: (1) Improved utilization of low-temperature heat source: Through valve diversion design, the traditional mode of using low-temperature heat source only for preheating is broken through, and the surplus heat is used to drive independent organic Rankine cycle power generation, realizing the cascade utilization of energy and significantly improving the total power generation output and energy conversion efficiency of the system.

[0017] (2) Enhanced system operation flexibility and stability: Intelligent diversion control can dynamically adjust heat distribution according to the main circulation status and grid demand.

[0018] (3) The system integration and optimization are realized: the preheating function and the additional power generation function are coupled through a shared and adjustable low temperature heat source distribution loop. The system structure is compact and the energy flow scheduling is reasonable, overcoming the shortcomings of inflexible distribution of a single heat source and the waste of low-grade heat.

[0019] The summary section is provided to present the chosen concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the detailed description below. The summary section is not intended to identify essential or necessary features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the low-temperature heat source diversion and utilization system of the fusion reactor coupled with the organic Rankine cycle provided by the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. High-temperature heat source outlet; 2. High-temperature heat source inlet; 3. Low-temperature heat source outlet; 4. Low-temperature heat source inlet; 5. Steam generator; 6. Main circulation turbine; 7. Main circulation generator; 8. Main circulation condenser; 9. Cooling tower; 10. Organic Rankine cycle turbine; 11. Organic Rankine cycle generator; 12. Preheater; 13. Organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger; 14. Main circulation feedwater pump; 15. Circulating cooling water pump; 16. Organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump ; 17. Oil pump; 18. Organic Rankine cycle regenerator; 19. Organic Rankine cycle condenser; 20. First three-way valve; 21. Second three-way valve; 22. Regulating valve; 23. First isolation valve; 24. Second isolation valve; 25. Third isolation valve; 26. Fourth isolation valve; 27. Fifth isolation valve; 28. Sixth isolation valve; 29. ​​Seventh isolation valve; 30. Eighth isolation valve; 31. Ninth isolation valve; 32. Tenth isolation valve; 33. Eleventh isolation valve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0024] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The system comprises a cryogenic heat source distribution loop, a main power generation system, and an ORC power generation system, all tightly coupled. Its core function is to intelligently distribute and utilize the low-grade heat energy generated by the fusion reactor divertor and other components. The ratio of heat flowing to the preheater and the ORC heat source heat exchanger can be controlled by adjusting the diversion control valve group.

[0026] The low-temperature heat source distribution loop is connected to the low-temperature heat source of the fusion reactor to absorb heat from it to preheat the main cycle working fluid and distribute it to the organic Rankine cycle for power generation. The main power generation system is used to absorb heat from the fusion high-temperature heat source and drive the main power generation circuit to generate electricity, and to receive heat from the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit to preheat its working fluid; the cold side of the preheater 12 is connected in series between the outlet of the main circulation condenser 8 and the main circulation feed water pump 14, so that the low-temperature heat source can effectively preheat the main circulation working fluid and improve the efficiency of the main circulation.

[0027] The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system is used to receive heat from the low-temperature heat source distribution loop to generate electricity, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the low-temperature heat source.

[0028] This fusion reactor cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system, coupled with an organic Rankine cycle, specifically handles cryogenic heat sources, referring to low-temperature heat sources such as the fusion reactor divertor and vacuum chamber, with outlet temperatures typically ranging from 80°C to 300°C. The high-temperature heat sources specifically refer to high-temperature heat from components such as the fusion reactor blanket, with outlet temperatures reaching over 500°C, used in the main power generation cycle. The system achieves the separate and coordinated management of high- and low-grade heat energy through an intermediate loop and thermal storage design.

[0029] Specifically, the low-temperature heat source distribution loop is the core of this invention for achieving flexible heat scheduling and buffering. The working fluid in the low-temperature heat source distribution loop, as an intermediate heat transfer and storage medium, must possess good thermal stability, high specific heat capacity, and characteristics that match the temperature of the heat source.

[0030] The working fluid includes, but is not limited to, high-temperature heat transfer oil, molten salt, phase change materials, or other liquid metals such as sodium-potassium alloys, which are fluids with high stability and high specific heat capacity.

[0031] This embodiment uses high-temperature heat transfer oil as an example to illustrate a system that includes dual-tank heat storage.

[0032] The low-temperature heat source distribution circuit includes a low-temperature heat source outlet 3, a low-temperature heat source inlet 4, a first three-way valve 20, a second three-way valve 21, a preheater 12, an organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger 13, and a regulating valve 22. The low-temperature heat source outlet 3 is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve 20. The first outlet of the first three-way valve 20 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the preheater 12 via the regulating valve 22. The second outlet of the first three-way valve 20 is connected to the hot-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13. The hot-side outlet of the preheater 12 and the hot-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13 are merged and connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve 21. The outlet of the second three-way valve 21 is connected to the low-temperature heat source inlet 4 to complete the cycle.

[0033] The control and operation logic involves the first three-way valve 20 and the regulating valve 22 forming a coordinated flow-diverting control system. By adjusting the bypass ratio of the first three-way valve 20 and combining it with the throttling effect of the regulating valve 22, the heat distribution ratio between the preheater 12 and the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13 can be dynamically and precisely controlled. The second three-way valve 21 is used for mode switching.

[0034] The first three-way valve 20 and the regulating valve 22 are used to dynamically distribute the heat from the fusion reactor cryogenic heat source to the preheating end of the main power generation system and the organic Rankine cycle power generation system, that is, to adjust the heat distribution ratio flowing to the preheater 12 and the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger 13. The low-temperature heat source distribution circuit also includes an oil pump 17, which is located between the second three-way valve 21 and the low-temperature heat source inlet 4.

[0035] It also includes a tenth isolation valve 32 and an eleventh isolation valve 33, which are located on both sides of the oil pump 17.

[0036] In some alternative embodiments, the main power generation system generates electricity using the high-temperature heat source of the fusion reactor and receives heat from the aforementioned low-temperature heat source distribution loop for preheating the working fluid. The main power generation system may be a steam Rankine cycle, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, a helium Brayton cycle, or other forms of thermoelectric conversion cycle.

[0037] This embodiment uses the Rankine cycle, a technology with high maturity, as an example for detailed explanation.

[0038] The main power generation system includes a high-temperature heat source outlet 1, a high-temperature heat source inlet 2, a steam generator 5, a main circulation steam turbine 6, a main circulation generator 7, a main circulation condenser 8, a cooling tower 9, a main circulation feedwater pump 14, a circulating cooling water pump 15, a first isolation valve 23, a second isolation valve 24, a third isolation valve 25, a fourth isolation valve 26, a fifth isolation valve 27, a sixth isolation valve 28, and a seventh isolation valve 29. The high-temperature heat source outlet 1 is connected to the hot side inlet of the steam generator 5. The steam outlet of the steam generator 5 is connected to the inlet of the main circulation turbine 6 via the first isolation valve 23. The main circulation turbine 6 is coaxially connected to the main circulation generator 7. The exhaust port of the main circulation turbine 6 is connected to the hot side inlet of the main circulation condenser 8 via the second isolation valve 24. The condensate outlet of the main circulation condenser 8 is connected to the cold side inlet of the preheater 12 via the fifth isolation valve 27, thereby realizing the preliminary heating of condensate using a low-temperature heat source. The cold-side outlet of the preheater 12 is connected to the water inlet of the steam generator 5 via the sixth isolation valve 28, the main circulating water pump 14, and the seventh isolation valve 29 in sequence. The hot-side outlet of the steam generator 5 is connected to the high-temperature heat source inlet 2. In terms of the cooling water circuit, the cooling water outlet of the cooling tower 9 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the main circulating condenser 8 via the fourth isolation valve 26, the circulating cooling water pump 15, and the third isolation valve 25 in sequence. The cold-side outlet of the circulating cooling water pump 15 is connected to the cooling tower 9.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system is used to efficiently recover and convert excess low-temperature heat energy diverted through the low-temperature heat source distribution loop, generating additional electrical energy through the Rankine cycle of an organic working fluid, thus achieving deep utilization of the low-grade heat source. The selection of the working fluid needs to be optimized based on the heat source temperature to achieve maximum power generation efficiency. The ORC working fluid includes, but is not limited to, low-boiling-point organic working fluids with suitable boiling points, high cycle efficiency, and good stability, such as alkanes like n-pentane, isopentane, siloxanes, or hydrofluoroethers.

[0040] The organic Rankine cycle power generation system includes an organic Rankine cycle steam turbine 10, an organic Rankine cycle generator 11, an organic Rankine cycle condenser 19, an organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump 16, an organic Rankine cycle regenerator 18, an eighth isolation valve 30, and a ninth isolation valve 31. The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13 is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle turbine 10 via an eighth isolation valve 30. The organic Rankine cycle turbine 10 is connected to the organic Rankine cycle generator 11, and its exhaust port is connected to the hot-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator 18. The hot-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator 18 is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 19. The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 19 is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump 16. The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump 16 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator 18. The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator 18 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13 via the ninth isolation valve 31, forming a complete (ORC) working fluid closed loop.

[0041] The working fluid of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system includes low-boiling-point organic working fluids such as alkanes, siloxanes, or hydrofluoroethers, which have suitable boiling points, high cycle efficiency, and good stability.

[0042] Specifically, the first isolation valve 23, the second isolation valve 24, the third isolation valve 25, the fourth isolation valve 26, the fifth isolation valve 27, the sixth isolation valve 28, the seventh isolation valve 29, the eighth isolation valve 30, the ninth isolation valve 31, the tenth isolation valve 32, and the eleventh isolation valve 33 are all solenoid valves.

[0043] The present invention also provides an operation method for the coupled organic Rankine cycle fusion reactor cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system, comprising: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit is activated, so that the heat from the heat transfer oil from the low-temperature heat source of the fusion reactor circulates in the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit. By adjusting the first three-way valve 20 and the regulating valve 22, the heat distribution ratio flowing to the preheater 12 and the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger 13 is dynamically controlled. The operation method includes at least two operating modes. During the initial startup of the main power generation system, most of the circulating heat is allocated to the preheater 12 to rapidly increase the temperature of the main circulating feedwater. After the main power generation system enters steady-state operation, the circulating heat is diverted; a portion is used to maintain the optimal preheating temperature of the main circulating feedwater, and the remainder is allocated to the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger 13 for power generation. In this way, the flow limit of the main circulation is adhered to, ensuring its efficient operation, while surplus low-temperature heat is converted into electrical energy, achieving adaptive and maximized utilization of the multi-grade heat from the fusion reactor.

[0044] In the steady-state operation mode, based on the deviation between the set value and the actual value of the main circulating working fluid temperature, and based on the real-time power generation demand of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system, the opening degree of the first three-way valve 20 and the opening degree of the regulating valve 22 are coordinated to achieve optimized control of heat distribution.

[0045] The system operates in the following two typical modes: In the initial stage of the main power generation system startup, the first three-way valve 20 and the regulating valve 22 are adjusted to distribute most of the circulating heat from the low-temperature heat source to the preheater 12, so as to quickly increase the temperature of the main circulating feed water and enable the main circulation to quickly enter the operating state. After the main power generation system enters steady-state operation, based on the deviation between the setpoint and actual value of the main circulating working fluid temperature, and based on the power generation demand of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system, the opening of the first three-way valve 20 and the regulating valve 22 are adjusted in a coordinated manner. The circulating heat is dynamically diverted; a portion of the heat is used to maintain the optimal preheating temperature of the main circulating feedwater, while the remaining heat is allocated to the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger 13 for power generation. The control objective is to guide all remaining heat to the (ORC) system for power generation while ensuring optimal preheating of the main circulation.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A fusion reactor cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system coupled with an organic Rankine cycle, characterized in that, include: Low-temperature heat source distribution circuit, main power generation system, and organic Rankine cycle power generation system; The low-temperature heat source distribution circuit includes a low-temperature heat source outlet (3), a low-temperature heat source inlet (4), a first three-way valve (20), a second three-way valve (21), a preheater (12), an organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger (13), and a regulating valve (22). The low-temperature heat source outlet (3) is connected to the inlet of the first three-way valve (20). The first outlet of the first three-way valve (20) is connected to the hot side inlet of the preheater (12) via the regulating valve (22). The second outlet of the first three-way valve (20) is connected to the hot side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger (13). The hot side outlet of the preheater (12) and the hot side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger (13) are merged and connected to the inlet of the second three-way valve (21). The outlet of the second three-way valve (21) is connected to the low-temperature heat source inlet (4). The main power generation system includes a high-temperature heat source outlet (1), a high-temperature heat source inlet (2), a steam generator (5), a main circulation steam turbine (6), a main circulation generator (7), a main circulation condenser (8), a cooling tower (9), a main circulation feedwater pump (14), a circulating cooling water pump (15), a first isolation valve (23), a second isolation valve (24), a third isolation valve (25), a fourth isolation valve (26), a fifth isolation valve (27), a sixth isolation valve (28), and a seventh isolation valve (29). The high-temperature heat source outlet (1) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the steam generator (5). The steam outlet of the steam generator (5) is connected to the inlet of the main circulation turbine (6) via the first isolation valve (23). The main circulation turbine (6) is connected to the main circulation generator (7). The exhaust port of the main circulation turbine (6) is connected to the hot-side inlet of the main circulation condenser (8) via the second isolation valve (24). The condensate outlet of the main circulation condenser (8) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the preheater (12) via the fifth isolation valve (27). The cold side outlet of (12) is connected to the feed water inlet of the steam generator (5) via the sixth isolation valve (28), the main circulating feed water pump (14) and the seventh isolation valve (29) in sequence. The hot side outlet of the steam generator (5) is connected to the high temperature heat source inlet (2). The cooling water outlet of the cooling tower (9) is connected to the cold side inlet of the main circulating condenser (8) via the fourth isolation valve (26), the circulating cooling water pump (15) and the third isolation valve (25) in sequence. The cold side outlet of the circulating cooling water pump (15) is connected to the cooling tower (9).

2. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluids in the low-temperature heat source distribution circuit are high-temperature heat transfer oil, molten salt, and phase change material.

3. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-temperature heat source distribution circuit also includes an oil pump (17), which is located between the second three-way valve (21) and the low-temperature heat source inlet (4).

4. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a tenth isolation valve (32) and an eleventh isolation valve (33), which are located on both sides of the oil pump (17).

5. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main power generation system is either a steam Rankine cycle, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, or a helium Brayton cycle.

6. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The organic Rankine cycle power generation system includes an organic Rankine cycle steam turbine (10), an organic Rankine cycle generator (11), an organic Rankine cycle condenser (19), an organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump (16), an organic Rankine cycle regenerator (18), an eighth isolation valve (30), and a ninth isolation valve (31). The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger (13) is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle turbine (10) via the eighth isolation valve (30). The organic Rankine cycle turbine (10) is connected to the organic Rankine cycle generator (11), and its exhaust port is connected to the hot-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator (18). The hot-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator (18) is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (19). The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser (19) is connected to the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump (16). The outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump (16) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator (18). The cold-side outlet of the organic Rankine cycle regenerator (18) is connected to the cold-side inlet of the organic Rankine cycle heat exchanger (13) via the ninth isolation valve (31).

7. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The working fluids in organic Rankine cycle power generation systems include alkanes, siloxanes, or hydrofluoroethers.

8. The cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system for fusion reactors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first isolation valve (23), the second isolation valve (24), the third isolation valve (25), the fourth isolation valve (26), the fifth isolation valve (27), the sixth isolation valve (28), the seventh isolation valve (29), the eighth isolation valve (30), the ninth isolation valve (31), the tenth isolation valve (32), and the eleventh isolation valve (33) are all solenoid valves.

9. The operation method of the cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system of the fusion reactor coupled with the organic Rankine cycle as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include; During the operation of the fusion reactor, the low-temperature heat source distribution loop is activated, so that the heat from the heat transfer oil from the low-temperature heat source of the fusion reactor circulates in the low-temperature heat source distribution loop. By adjusting the first three-way valve (20) and the regulating valve (22), the heat distribution ratio flowing to the preheater (12) and the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger (13) is dynamically controlled. The operation method includes at least the following two operating modes: in the initial stage of the main power generation system startup, most of the circulating heat is allocated to the preheater (12) to quickly increase the temperature of the main circulating feedwater; after the main power generation system enters steady-state operation, the circulating heat is diverted, part of which is used to maintain the optimal preheating temperature of the main circulating feedwater, and the remaining part is allocated to the organic Rankine cycle heat source heat exchanger (13) for power generation.

10. The operation method of the cryogenic heat source diversion and utilization system of the fusion reactor coupled with the organic Rankine cycle according to claim 9, characterized in that, In steady-state operation mode, based on the deviation between the set value and the actual value of the main circulating working fluid temperature, and based on the real-time power generation demand of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system, the opening degree of the first three-way valve (20) and the opening degree of the regulating valve (22) are coordinated to achieve optimized control of heat distribution.

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