Hog house ventilation system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding devices, in particular to a pig house ventilation system and method. The system comprises an air exchange device, an environment sensor and a control device, wherein the air exchange device comprises a purification section and a heat recovery section; the purification section is sequentially provided with an air inlet, a spray disinfection device, a spraying device and an electrostatic dust collector; the heat recovery section is provided with a heat recovery device and an air outlet. The heat recovery device is connected with the air inlet and the air outlet through ventilation pipelines. The purification section and the heat recovery section are each provided with a frequency conversion fan and an electric air valve. The control device receives information of the environment sensor and regulates and controls operation of the frequency conversion fan, the electric air valve, the spray disinfection device and the heat recovery device. By the adoption of the method, automatic and intelligent management of the system can be achieved, and the operation efficiency and stability of the ventilation system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock breeding equipment technology, specifically to a pigsty ventilation system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the expansion of intensive livestock and poultry farming, the air quality and temperature / humidity environment in pigsties have an increasingly prominent impact on pig health and production efficiency. It is well known that pigsties are characterized by high humidity, high ammonia levels, and high dust concentrations. Traditional negative pressure ventilation systems reduce the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through forced exhaust. However, the fiber filters of traditional negative pressure ventilation systems are prone to caking and clogging in pigsty environments, requiring frequent replacement. Conventional metal electrostatic precipitators are also prone to creepage or short-circuit failures in the high-humidity environment of pigsties, and the adsorbed dust combines with condensate to form a sludge layer on their plates, which is difficult to remove using conventional cleaning methods, affecting dust removal efficiency. Furthermore, if the front-end purification fails, the airflow containing high concentrations of ammonia and dust directly enters the heat recovery device, accelerating corrosion and ash accumulation, severely shortening the equipment's lifespan. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a collaborative system that integrates zoned ventilation, waste heat recovery, self-cleaning filtration, and intelligent decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a ventilation system and method for pigsties, aiming to solve the technical problems of traditional negative pressure ventilation systems used in existing pigsties, which are prone to clogging, corrosion failure, and difficult cleaning and maintenance in environments with high humidity, high ammonia and high sticky dust. At the same time, it provides a method for intelligent and precise ventilation control.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The first aspect of this invention provides a pigsty ventilation system, comprising an air exchange device, an environmental sensor, and a control device. The air exchange device includes a purification section and a heat recovery section. The purification section is sequentially provided with an air inlet, a spray disinfection device, a spraying device, and an electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator is transversely disposed within the purification section, and the surface of the dust collecting electrode of the electrostatic precipitator is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The spraying device is located on the windward side of the electrostatic precipitator and is configured to spray cleaning liquid onto the dust collecting electrode. A liquid collection tank is also provided at the bottom of the purification section for collecting spray waste liquid. The heat recovery section is provided with a heat recovery device and an air outlet, the heat recovery device being connected to the air inlet and the air outlet respectively via ventilation ducts. Both the purification section and the heat recovery section are provided with a variable frequency fan and an electric air valve. The control device receives information from the environmental sensor and is configured to send a first control signal to the variable frequency fan and the electric air valve, a second control signal to the spray disinfection device, and a third control signal to the heat recovery device to coordinate and control the operation of the variable frequency fan, the electric air valve, the spray disinfection device, and the heat recovery device.

[0006] Furthermore, the purification section also includes a differential pressure detection mechanism; the differential pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect the differential pressure value on both sides of the electrostatic precipitator; the control device is configured to trigger the start of the spray device when the differential pressure value exceeds a preset threshold.

[0007] Furthermore, the pigsty is also equipped with a partition device, which is installed in the pigsty to divide the pigsty into a first functional area and a second functional area, thereby preventing airflow between the first functional area and the second functional area.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat recovery device has an inclination angle of 3° to 5° relative to the horizontal plane, which is formed by the heat recovery device gradually tilting downward from one end near the purification section to the end away from the purification section.

[0009] Furthermore, the purification section is also equipped with a flow equalization plate and a filter screen. The filter screen is located on the leeward side of the electrostatic precipitator, and the flow equalization plate is located between the electrostatic precipitator and the filter screen. The flow equalization plate has several flow guide holes. An ultraviolet photocatalytic decomposition unit is also provided between the electrostatic precipitator and the filter screen.

[0010] Furthermore, the environmental sensors include at least an ammonia concentration sensor, a hydrogen sulfide concentration sensor, a PM2.5 sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for ventilating a pigsty using the ventilation system described in the first aspect above, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] Based on the environmental parameter information received by the control device, including NH3 concentration, H2S concentration, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration and temperature difference between inside and outside the pigsty, the parameters are normalized into a state vector.

[0013] Based on the Q-learning algorithm and the ε-greedy policy, the optimal action a in the current state s is selected from the action set;

[0014] Execute the selected action a, and collect the new state s′ after execution and the corresponding immediate reward r, wherein the reward r is a weighted combination of energy consumption and air quality;

[0015] Update the state-action value function according to the Bellman equation;

[0016] Repeat the above steps until the Q value converges, and output the optimal control strategy that minimizes energy consumption and meets the air quality threshold.

[0017] Furthermore, action a includes:

[0018] Based on the current variable frequency fan speed, adjust the speed by increasing or decreasing it within 10% of the current speed.

[0019] Based on the current opening degree of the electric damper, increase or decrease the opening degree within a 5% range.

[0020] The spray disinfection device adjusts the spray disinfection frequency within a discrete range of 0 to 5 times per hour.

[0021] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the instant reward r is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Where ΔP is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the variable frequency fan speed adjustment, ΔV is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the electric damper opening adjustment, and F is the spray frequency of the spray disinfection device; I 达标 This is an indicator function for ensuring that the environmental parameters of the pigsty meet the standards. A positive value is assigned when the standards are met, and a negative value is assigned when the standards are not met. w1 and w2 are dynamically adjustable weighting coefficients, and k1, k2, and k3 are equipment energy consumption coefficients.

[0024] Furthermore, the normalization method includes:

[0025] Upper thresholds were set for NH3, H2S, PM2.5, and CO2 concentrations, respectively, and the results were analyzed using s i = (current value / threshold) calculates the normalized value;

[0026] The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building is linearly mapped to the range [0,1] according to the actual temperature range.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0028] In this invention, by applying a hydrophobic coating to the surface of the dust collecting electrode of the electrostatic precipitator and installing a spray mechanism on the windward side of the precipitator, the problem of traditional filter screens easily becoming clogged and caked due to high-humidity, sticky dust in pigsties is effectively solved. This achieves online automatic cleaning of the electrode plates and long-term maintenance-free operation. Simultaneously, it can prevent high-concentration ammonia and dust from directly entering the heat recovery device for an extended period, thus extending the service life of the heat recovery device. The pigsty is divided into a first functional area and a second functional area by a partition device, effectively maintaining air quality in each area and reducing the risk of disease transmission.

[0029] In this invention, the heat recovery device has an inclination angle of 3° to 5° relative to the horizontal plane to guide the condensate on the surface of the heat recovery device to flow into the collection tank. This arrangement can prevent condensate accumulation and slow down the corrosion of the heat recovery device without reducing the heat recovery efficiency.

[0030] In this invention, based on environmental sensor data received by the control device, a reinforcement learning algorithm is used to independently control the speed of the variable frequency fan and the opening of the electric air valve in each area, thereby achieving intelligent and precise ventilation control. This not only improves the automation level of the system, but also dynamically optimizes the ventilation strategy according to environmental changes, enhancing the stability and adaptability of the pig house environment.

[0031] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The following sections will describe some specific embodiments of the invention in detail by way of example and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts or portions. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pigsty ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pigsty ventilation system from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a pigsty according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a step diagram of a pigsty ventilation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1-Separation device; 2-Purification section; 3-Heat recovery section; 4-Air inlet; 5-Heat recovery device; 6-Ventilation duct; 7-Spraying device; 8-Electrostatic precipitator; 9-Ultraviolet photocatalytic unit; 10-Purification section electric air valve; 11-Purification section variable frequency fan; 12-Spray disinfection device; 13-Liquid collection tank; 14-Flow equalization plate; 15-Filter screen; 17-Heat recovery section variable frequency fan; 18-Heat recovery section electric air valve; 19-Exhaust port; 100-Pig house; 101-First functional area; 102-Second functional area. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In the description of this embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features, that is, include one or more of those features.

[0040] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified. When a feature "includes or contains" one or more of the features it covers, unless otherwise specifically described, this indicates that other features are not excluded and may be further included.

[0041] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art should be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a pigsty ventilation system, including a partition device 1, an air exchange device and a control device. The partition device 1 is installed in the pigsty to divide the pigsty 100 into a first functional area 101 and a second functional area 102, thereby preventing airflow between the first functional area 101 and the second functional area 102; each functional area is provided with multiple air exchange devices.

[0044] The air exchange device includes a purification section 2 and a heat recovery section 3. The purification section 2 is sequentially equipped with a spray disinfection device 12, a spraying device 7, and an electrostatic precipitator 8. The electrostatic precipitator 8 is transversely positioned within the purification section 2, and its collecting electrode surface is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The spraying device 7 is located on the windward side of the electrostatic precipitator 8 and is configured to spray cleaning liquid onto the collecting electrode. A liquid collection tank 13 is also provided at the bottom of the purification section 2 to collect spray waste liquid. The heat recovery section 3 is equipped with a heat recovery device 5. Both the purification section 2 and the heat recovery section 3 are equipped with a variable frequency fan and an electric air valve. The control device is configured to send a first control signal to the variable frequency fan and electric air valve of the air exchange device, a second control signal to the spray disinfection device of the air exchange device, and a third control signal to the heat recovery device, thereby coordinating the operation of the variable frequency fan, electric air valve, spray disinfection device, and heat recovery device of the air exchange device. In this embodiment, the pigsty 100 is divided into a first functional area 101 and a second functional area 102 by a partition device 1, effectively maintaining air quality in each area and reducing the risk of disease transmission. By providing a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the dust collecting electrode of the electrostatic precipitator 8 and installing a spray device 7 on the windward side of the electrostatic precipitator 8, the problem of high-humidity and sticky dust in the pigsty 100 easily causing the traditional filter screen 15 to become clogged and caking is effectively solved. This achieves online automatic cleaning of the electrode plates and long-term maintenance-free operation. At the same time, it can also prevent the airflow of high-concentration ammonia and dust from directly entering the heat recovery device 5 for a long time, thus extending the service life of the heat recovery device 5.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a pigsty according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. For the purpose of illustrating details, Figure 3 The roof and parts of the walls of the pigsty are concealed to reveal interior details. Pigsty 100 has a large total area and is divided into two functional areas: a lactation area and a finishing area, respectively meeting the ventilation and environmental needs of pigs at different growth stages. Solid partitions are used as separation devices 1 inside Pigsty 100 to completely divide the space into the lactation and finishing areas. These solid partitions, made of metal or cast concrete, ensure complete air isolation between the two areas, effectively preventing cross-contamination and reducing the risk of disease transmission.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the present invention, each functional area within the pigsty 100 is equipped with multiple air exchange devices, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pigsty ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a pigsty ventilation system from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention. The air exchange device includes a purification section 2 and a heat recovery section 3. The purification section 2 is provided with an air inlet 4, and the heat recovery section 3 is provided with an exhaust outlet 19. In the purification section 2, the following components are arranged sequentially in the direction of airflow: a purification section electric air valve 10, a purification section variable frequency fan 11, a spray disinfection device 12, a primary filter (not shown in the figure), a spray device 7, an electrostatic precipitator 8, a flow equalization plate 14, and a filter screen 15. A differential pressure detection mechanism is set on both sides of the electrostatic precipitator 8, and a liquid collection tank 13 is located below the electrostatic precipitator 8 and the spray device 7. It is understood that the naming of the purification section 2 and the heat recovery section 3 in this embodiment is a common naming method in the art. In this art, the components used in the ventilation system are arranged in pipes, and the pipes in a certain area are named as sections. In this embodiment, the variable frequency fan supports stepless speed regulation, and the opening of the electric air valve can be flexibly adjusted. The two areas meet their respective ventilation requirements through differentiated air exchange rates, thereby improving air exchange efficiency.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spray disinfection device 12 uses an atomizing nozzle to spray a disinfectant solution. The spray disinfection device 12 can disinfect at a set frequency, spraying periodically when pollutants do not exceed the standard, and increasing the frequency when pollutants exceed the standard, effectively inhibiting the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and ensuring the hygiene of the pigsty.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a pre-filter intercepts hair and large particles, while an electrostatic precipitator 8 captures fine particles through a high-voltage electric field. In this embodiment, the electrostatic precipitator 8 is a plate-type electrostatic precipitator 8, and the surface of its collecting plates is coated with a hydrophobic coating. In this embodiment, the differential pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect the differential pressure value across the electrostatic precipitator 8. In one embodiment, the differential pressure detection mechanism includes a pair of pressure sensors, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the electrostatic precipitator 8. The differential pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect the differential pressure value across the electrostatic precipitator 8. When the control device detects that the differential pressure value exceeds a preset threshold, it triggers the start of the spray device 7 to spray the electrostatic precipitator 8. The waste liquid after spraying is collected by the collection tank 13. In another embodiment, the spray device 7 sprays the electrostatic precipitator 8 periodically.

[0049] In another embodiment, to further treat ammonia and volatile organic compounds, the purification section 2 is also equipped with an ultraviolet photocatalytic unit 9, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 In order to save space inside the pigsty, the ultraviolet photocatalytic unit 9 is set outside the pigsty and connected to the purification section 2 through a pipe. The ultraviolet photocatalytic unit 9 uses a TiO2 coated catalyst plate. This TiO2 coated catalyst plate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to decompose ammonia and volatile organic compounds.

[0050] In one embodiment, the purification section 2 is further provided with a flow equalization plate 14, which is a plate with a plurality of flow guide holes. The flow equalization plate 14 is located on the leeward side of the electrostatic precipitator 8. After the airflow from the electrostatic precipitator 8 passes through the flow equalization plate 14, it is evenly distributed into the purification section 2. It is understood that the ultraviolet photocatalytic unit 9, the electrostatic precipitator 8, the flow equalization plate 14, the filter 15, the heat recovery device 5, and the differential pressure detection mechanism are all normally open devices and do not require automatic control.

[0051] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the heat recovery section 3, the heat recovery section variable frequency fan 17, the heat recovery section electric air valve 18, and the heat recovery device 5 are connected in sequence. The heat recovery device 5 installed in the heat recovery section 3 is a total heat exchanger, which recovers heat from the exhaust air through the exchange of sensible heat and latent heat. As is well known, the total heat exchanger is provided with an indoor air supply outlet, an indoor return air outlet, an outdoor exhaust air outlet, and an outdoor air inlet. The total heat exchanger exchanges indoor air through the indoor air supply outlet and the indoor return air outlet, and exchanges air with the atmosphere through the outdoor exhaust air outlet and the outdoor air inlet. Among them, the indoor air supply outlet of the total heat exchanger is connected to the ventilation duct 6, the indoor return air outlet is connected to the heat recovery section electric air valve 18, and the outdoor exhaust air outlet and the outdoor air inlet are connected to the outside atmosphere. It can be understood that the outdoor exhaust air outlet and the indoor air supply outlet are the exhaust outlets 19 of the heat recovery section 3. The air inlet 4 is connected to the indoor air outlet of the total heat exchanger through the ventilation duct 6. At the same time, the air inlet 4 is also connected to the outside atmosphere. It can be understood that multiple air inlets 4 can be set to achieve the purpose of simultaneously connecting the ventilation duct 6 to the outside atmosphere.

[0052] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic coating on the surface of the electrostatic precipitator 8 is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microporous membrane layer. Due to its special structure, water condenses into small water droplets on its surface. The angle between its surface and the liquid surface of the small water droplets is the contact angle. In this embodiment, the contact angle of the hydrophobic coating is greater than 150°, so that the dust-laden droplets fall vertically into the liquid collection tank 13 under the action of gravity.

[0053] In one embodiment, the total heat exchanger has an inclination angle of 3° to 5° relative to the horizontal plane. This inclination angle is formed by gradually tilting downwards from one end of the total heat exchanger near the purification section 2 to the end away from the purification section 2, so as to guide the condensate on the surface of the total heat exchanger to flow downwards in the direction from one end of the purification section 2 to the end away from the purification section 2, thereby preventing the condensate from corroding the walls of the pigsty.

[0054] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control device receives environmental sensor information, the environmental sensors including at least an ammonia concentration sensor, a hydrogen sulfide concentration sensor, a PM2.5 sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor; these sensors are respectively installed at the air outlets and tops of the lactation area and the fattening area to monitor parameters such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, and temperature and humidity.

[0055] The control device employs a reinforcement learning algorithm to optimize the variable frequency fan speed, electric damper opening, and spray disinfection frequency based on real-time sensor data. The algorithm targets energy consumption and air quality, dynamically adjusting to ensure a balance between ventilation efficiency and environmental stability. For example, when ammonia concentration increases in the lactation area, the control device prioritizes increasing the variable frequency fan speed and electric damper opening in that area, while appropriately reducing ventilation in the fattening area to optimize overall energy consumption.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system operation process is as follows: In normal mode, sensors collect environmental data in real time, and the control device adjusts the speed of all variable frequency fans and the opening of all electric air valves in the first functional area 101 and the second functional area 102, so that air from the atmosphere introduced by the air inlet 4 and air from the heat exchange device 5 are sent into the pig house 100, and exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust end, maintaining fresh air and stable temperature. When the pollutant concentration exceeds the standard, the control device increases the ventilation volume of the corresponding area and increases the frequency of spray disinfection to quickly restore air quality. In winter energy-saving mode, the heat recovery device 5 can preheat the air discharged from its indoor air outlet to reduce heating energy consumption, and the electrostatic precipitator 8 regularly self-cleans to maintain high-efficiency purification.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment is based on the pigsty ventilation system mentioned in Embodiment 1, and is illustrated using a modern pigsty covering an area of ​​1000 square meters. Figure 1 As shown, the pigsty is divided into a nursing area (300 square meters) and a fattening area (700 square meters), housing approximately 500 pigs.

[0059] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the pigsty 100 is divided into two independent units: a lactation area and a fattening area. Each unit is equipped with multiple air exchange devices. The air exchange devices, including a purification section 2 and a heat recovery section 3, are each equipped with a maximum airflow of 3000 m³ / h. 3 A variable frequency fan with a capacity of / h and a matching electric air valve are installed in a short pipe. The walls of pigsty 100 are also equipped with ventilation ducts 6, made of PVC material, arranged longitudinally along pigsty 100. The air inlet 4 of purification section 2 has a three-way structure, with the two ends of ventilation duct 6 connected to the indoor air outlet of the heat recovery device and one opening of the air inlet 4 of purification section 2, respectively. The electric air valves are controlled by a servo motor to achieve differentiated ventilation rates from 0% to 100%. Because piglets are sensitive to temperature, the ventilation rate in the suckling area is designed to be 1.8 times / minute, and in the fattening area, it is 1.5 times / minute.

[0060] The heat recovery device 5 is a total heat exchanger, which is connected to the exhaust port 19 and the ventilation duct 6 respectively. It can exchange the heat of the gas in the heat recovery section 3 with the gas in the ventilation duct 6. For example, in winter, the fresh air introduced into the outdoor air inlet of the total heat exchanger at -5℃ can be preheated to 8-10℃ to reduce heating energy consumption.

[0061] In this embodiment, the primary filter is a G4 grade primary filter, which can intercept hair and large particles. The electrostatic precipitator 8 has a voltage of 10kV, and its dust collection plate is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The spray device 7 configured in the electrostatic precipitator 8 is a high-pressure spray device 7, which automatically washes the dust collection plate of the electrostatic precipitator 8 every 8 hours. The wastewater is connected to the PVC pipe through the collection tank 13 and is guided to the external sewage treatment tank through the PVC pipe.

[0062] The control device uses an embedded controller that integrates a Q-learning algorithm to optimize ventilation parameters based on NH3, H2S, PM2.5, CO2 concentrations and temperature and humidity data.

[0063] According to one embodiment of the present invention, NH3 and H2S sensors are installed at the air outlets of the lactation and fattening areas. PM2.5 and CO2 sensors are suspended in the middle of the pigsty 100. Temperature and humidity sensors are installed at the top of each zone, with a temperature accuracy of ±0.3℃ and a humidity accuracy of ±2%. Pairs of barometric pressure sensors are respectively installed on both sides of the filter 15 and the electrostatic precipitator 8. The controller is connected to the variable frequency fan, electric damper, and various sensors via signal lines, updating environmental data and outputting control commands every 30 seconds. The Q-learning algorithm takes a state vector (environmental parameters such as NH3 concentration, H2S concentration, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration, and temperature difference) as input. The action set includes variable frequency fan speed, electric damper opening, and spray frequency. The variable frequency fan speed is adjustable in ±10% steps, the electric damper opening in ±5% steps, and the spray frequency in 0-5 sprays / hour. It can be understood that the step size here refers to the stepper motor of the variable frequency fan and the stepper motor of the electric damper. The reward function comprehensively considers energy consumption and air quality. Resonant silencers are installed at the air outlets to attenuate low-frequency noise, keeping operating noise below 70dB. Ventilation duct 6 connects the purification section 2 and heat recovery section 3 of the air exchange unit, maintaining the negative pressure difference within the pigsty 100 with the local atmospheric pressure at 10-20Pa. The system also includes two backup variable frequency fans (not shown in the attached diagram), each with an air volume of 4000m³. 3The system is installed in heat recovery section 3. When the CO2 concentration exceeds 3000 ppm or the H2S concentration exceeds 10 ppm, the standby variable frequency fan starts within 30 seconds, increasing the air exchange rate to 4.5 times / minute. Purification section 2 is equipped with a spray disinfection device 12, which integrates ultrasonic atomizing nozzles to spray 50 ppm potassium persulfate solution. The spray cycle is adjusted according to the pollutant concentration (1-3 times / hour). Ultraviolet photocatalytic unit 9 decomposes NH3 and H2S under ultraviolet irradiation.

[0064] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in normal operation mode, the sensor collects environmental data in real time, such as NH3 concentration of 15 ppm and CO2 concentration of 1200 ppm in the lactation area, and PM2.5 concentration of 80 μg / m³ in the fattening area. 3 The control device adjusts the speed of the variable frequency fan in the breastfeeding area to 2200 m / s based on the Q-learning algorithm. 3 / h, electric air valve opening 80%, variable frequency fan speed in fattening area 1800m 3 / h, electric air valve opening 70%. Fresh air is sent to pigsty 100 after three-stage purification: ultraviolet photocatalysis, primary filter filtration, and electrostatic precipitator 8. Electrostatic precipitator 8 automatically washes with water every 8 hours or starts washing when the second pressure difference exceeds the preset threshold. In emergency mode, when the H2S concentration in the fattening area rises to 12ppm, the standby variable frequency fan starts within 20 seconds, the air exchange rate increases to 4.5 times / minute, and the ultrasonic atomizing nozzle sprays 50ppm potassium persulfate solution. After 90 seconds, the H2S concentration drops to 5ppm, and the system returns to normal mode. In winter energy-saving mode (outdoor temperature -5℃), the total heat exchanger preheats the fresh air to 8℃, the ceiling light transmittance is reduced to 30%, and the variable frequency fan speed is reduced to 1500m. 3 The ventilation rate is maintained at 1.2 times / minute, and the indoor temperature is kept at 20-22℃.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment, based on the system provided in Embodiment 1, further provides a method for ventilating pigsties, including the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Based on the environmental parameter information received by the control device, including NH3 concentration, H2S concentration, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration and temperature difference between inside and outside the pigsty, the parameters are normalized into a state vector.

[0068] Step 2: Based on the Q-learning algorithm and the ε-greedy strategy, select the optimal action a under the current state s from the action set; Action a includes: increasing or decreasing the adjustment within a 10% range based on the current variable frequency fan speed; increasing or decreasing the opening of the electric air valve within a 5% range based on the current electric air valve opening; and adjusting the spray disinfection frequency in a discrete value range of 0 to 5 times / hour.

[0069] Step 3: Execute the selected action a, and collect the new state s′ after execution and the corresponding immediate reward r. The reward r is a weighted combination of energy consumption and air quality; the formula for calculating the immediate reward r is:

[0070]

[0071] Where ΔP is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the variable frequency fan speed adjustment, ΔV is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the electric damper opening adjustment, and F is the spray frequency of the spray disinfection device; I 达标 This is an indicator function for ensuring that the environmental parameters of the pigsty meet the standards. A positive value is assigned when the standards are met, and a negative value is assigned when the standards are not met. w1 and w2 are dynamically adjustable weighting coefficients, and k1, k2, and k3 are equipment energy consumption coefficients.

[0072] The reward r is designed as a weighted combination of energy consumption and air quality. Energy consumption is dynamically calculated based on equipment power, and air quality scores are based on whether environmental parameters meet standards. When updating the Q value, the learning rate controls the parameter update speed, and a discount factor balances the impact of future rewards; the specific value is determined through experimental calibration.

[0073] Step 4: Update the state-action value function according to the Bellman equation.

[0074] Repeat steps 1 to 4 above until the Q value converges, and output the optimal control strategy that minimizes energy consumption and meets the air quality threshold.

[0075] In step 1, the normalization methods include:

[0076] Upper thresholds were set for NH3, H2S, PM2.5, and CO2 concentrations, respectively, and the results were analyzed using s i = (current value / threshold) calculates the normalized value;

[0077] The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building is linearly mapped to the range [0,1] according to the actual temperature range.

[0078] It is understood that the action a selection in step 2 and / or step 3 includes the following constraints: when the above-mentioned environmental parameters exceed the preset threshold, the action of increasing the speed of the variable frequency fan is forcibly selected; the cumulative adjustment of the electric air valve opening in two adjacent actions does not exceed ±10%; the spray frequency adjustment must be maintained for at least 10 minutes before triggering the next action.

[0079] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a reinforcement learning algorithm is used to control the variable frequency fan speed and electric damper opening in each area independently based on environmental sensor data received by a control device (in this embodiment, an embedded controller). The sensor layout includes: NH3 and H2S sensors installed at each air outlet in the lactation and fattening areas; PM2.5 and CO2 sensors suspended in the middle of the pigsty; and temperature and humidity sensors installed at the top of each zone. The algorithm uses NH3, H2S, PM2.5, CO2 concentrations and temperature difference as state vectors, and the action set includes variable frequency fan speed and electric damper opening. The state-action value function is updated according to the Bellman equation.

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, Q(s,a) is the estimated value of taking action a in state s, α is the learning rate, i.e., the adjustment and update step size, r is the reward obtained by the current action, γ is the emphasis on future rewards, and max a Q(s′,a′) represents the maximum action value in the next state s′. The reward function incorporates energy consumption and air quality weights, and the data is updated every 30 seconds. When the Q value is updated, the learning rate α decays exponentially from 0.2 to 0.05 with each training round. If any environmental parameter in the new state s′ exceeds the safety threshold, the reward is set to r=−100, and the current training round is terminated.

[0082] During normal operation, sensors detected NH3 concentration of 12 ppm and CO2 concentration of 1200 ppm in the lactation area, PM2.5 concentration of 70 μg / m³ in the fattening area, and an indoor temperature of 22℃. The Q-learning algorithm calculated the optimal parameters and adjusted the variable frequency fan speed in the lactation area to 2000 m / s². 3 / h, electric air valve opening 75%, variable frequency fan speed in fattening area 1700m 3 / h, electric air valve opening 70%. Fresh air is sent into the pigsty after three stages of purification: ultraviolet photocatalysis, primary filter filtration, and electrostatic precipitator dust removal. Exhaust air is discharged after waste heat recovery, and the temperature difference inside the pigsty is controlled within ±1.5℃. The electrostatic precipitator is automatically water-washed every 8 hours to maintain filtration efficiency, or water washing is activated based on the pressure difference value.

[0083] When the H2S concentration in the fattening area rises to 12 ppm, the algorithm prioritizes increasing the speed of the variable frequency fan in the fattening area to 2500 m / s. 3 / h, the electric air valve opening is increased to 85%, and the H2S concentration drops to 5ppm after 90 seconds. In winter (outdoor temperature -5℃), the heat recovery device preheats the fresh air to 8℃, and the variable frequency fan speed in the breastfeeding area is reduced to 1500m. 3 The ventilation rate is maintained at 1.2 times / minute, and the indoor temperature is kept at 20-22℃.

[0084] Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A pigsty ventilation system, characterized in that, Includes air exchange devices, environmental sensors, and control devices. The air exchange device includes a purification section and a heat recovery section; The purification section is sequentially equipped with an air inlet, a spray disinfection device, a spray device, and an electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator is transversely arranged in the purification section, and the surface of the dust collecting electrode of the electrostatic precipitator is coated with a hydrophobic coating. The spray device is located on the windward side of the electrostatic precipitator and is configured to spray cleaning liquid onto the dust collecting electrode. The bottom of the purification section is also equipped with a liquid collection tank for collecting spray waste liquid. The heat recovery section is equipped with a heat recovery device and an air outlet. The heat recovery device is connected to the air inlet and the air outlet respectively through ventilation ducts. Both the purification section and the heat recovery section are equipped with variable frequency fans and electric air valves; The control device receives environmental sensor information and is configured to send a first control signal to the variable frequency fan and the electric air valve, a second control signal to the spray disinfection device, and a third control signal to the heat recovery device, so as to coordinate and control the operation of the variable frequency fan, the electric air valve, the spray disinfection device, and the heat recovery device.

2. The pigsty ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification section also includes a differential pressure detection mechanism; the differential pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect the differential pressure value on both sides of the electrostatic precipitator; the control device is configured to trigger the start of the spray device when the differential pressure value exceeds a preset threshold.

3. The pigsty ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pigsty is also equipped with a partition device to divide the pigsty into a first functional area and a second functional area, thereby preventing airflow between the first functional area and the second functional area.

4. The pigsty ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat recovery device has an inclination angle of 3° to 5° relative to the horizontal plane. This inclination angle is formed by the heat recovery device gradually tilting downward from one end near the purification section to the end away from the purification section.

5. The pigsty ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification section is also equipped with a flow equalization plate and a filter screen. The filter screen is located on the leeward side of the electrostatic precipitator, and the flow equalization plate is located between the electrostatic precipitator and the filter screen. The flow equalization plate is provided with several flow guide holes. An ultraviolet photocatalytic decomposition unit is also provided between the electrostatic precipitator and the filter screen.

6. The pigsty ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental sensors include at least an ammonia concentration sensor, a hydrogen sulfide concentration sensor, a PM2.5 sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor.

7. A method for ventilating a pigsty using the ventilation system described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the environmental parameter information received by the control device, including NH3 concentration, H2S concentration, PM2.5 concentration, CO2 concentration and temperature difference between inside and outside the pigsty, the parameters are normalized into a state vector. Based on the Q-learning algorithm and the ε-greedy policy, the optimal action a in the current state s is selected from the action set; Execute the selected action a, and collect the new state s′ after execution and the corresponding immediate reward r, wherein the reward r is a weighted combination of energy consumption and air quality; Update the state-action value function according to the Bellman equation; Repeat the above steps until the Q value converges, and output the optimal control strategy that minimizes energy consumption and meets the air quality threshold.

8. The pigsty ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Action a includes: Based on the current variable frequency fan speed, adjust the speed by increasing or decreasing it within 10% of the current speed. Based on the current opening degree of the electric damper, increase or decrease the opening degree within a 5% range. The spray disinfection device adjusts the spray disinfection frequency within a discrete range of 0 to 5 times per hour.

9. The pigsty ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the instant reward r is: ； Where ΔP is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the variable frequency fan speed adjustment, ΔV is the energy consumption increment corresponding to the electric damper opening adjustment, and F is the spray frequency of the spray disinfection device; I 达标 This is an indicator function for ensuring that the environmental parameters of the pigsty meet the standards. A positive value is assigned when the standards are met, and a negative value is assigned when the standards are not met. w1 and w2 are dynamically adjustable weighting coefficients, and k1, k2, and k3 are equipment energy consumption coefficients.

10. The pigsty ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The normalization method includes: Upper thresholds were set for NH3, H2S, PM2.5, and CO2 concentrations, respectively, and the results were analyzed using s i = (current value / threshold) calculates the normalized value; The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building is linearly mapped to the range [0,1] according to the actual temperature range.

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