Composition for coating material, coating material, and method for preparing and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of civil engineering materials, and discloses a composition for coating material, a coating material and a preparation method and application thereof.A composition for tuff-based inorganic protective coating material comprises cementing raw materials, quartz sand, zinc silicate and an alkaline activator; the content of the quartz sand is 100-200 parts by weight, the content of the zinc silicate is 5-10 parts by weight, and the content of the alkaline activator is 40-70 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the cementing raw materials; the cementing raw materials contain 10-50 wt% of slag, 10-50 wt% of metakaolin and 10-50 wt% of tuff powder.The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material prepared based on the composition has the characteristics of high strength, high adhesion and strong corrosion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering materials, and more specifically to compositions for coating materials, coating materials, methods for their preparation, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology and the ever-increasing demands of national engineering construction, the research on cementing materials is developing towards high performance, environmental friendliness, and low cost, finding wide application in fields such as building construction, water conservancy projects, road construction, and marine engineering. Traditional organic cementing materials suffer from high cost, poor aging resistance, and low strength. However, current traditional inorganic cementing materials, represented by silicate cement-based materials, also suffer from poor toughness, low flexural strength, and poor bonding performance, making it difficult to meet the high durability and long service life requirements of highways, bridges, water conservancy projects, and other structures. Furthermore, their production process generates significant carbon emissions, impacting the environment. Therefore, developing low-carbon, high-performance inorganic cementing materials is crucial for improving structural mechanical stability, extending structural service life, and meeting the needs of low-carbon economic development.

[0003] Geopolymers, as an environmentally friendly inorganic cementitious material, are formed by reacting active aluminosilicate materials (such as slag, metakaolin, fly ash, and coal gangue) with alkaline activators to create a cementitious material with properties such as early strength, rapid hardening, and corrosion resistance. This can significantly reduce CO2 emissions and is currently the most promising environmentally friendly building material to replace traditional silicate cement. However, like traditional silicate cement, existing geopolymer materials suffer from high brittleness. Therefore, to improve the flexural strength of cementitious materials, researchers have improved their structure by adding fiber materials and nano-modifiers. These materials can form a dense three-dimensional network structure with the cementitious material matrix at the microscopic level, thereby improving the overall flexural strength and crack resistance of the material. However, this method also suffers from problems such as complex dispersion processes, uneven dispersion, and high material costs. Furthermore, uneven dispersion not only limits the improvement in flexural strength but can even lead to a significant decrease in compressive strength; the flexural-compression ratio of existing inorganic coating materials is around 10%, and the bond strength is below 2 MPa. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of low flexural strength and poor adhesion of inorganic coating materials in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff, the composition comprising: a cementing raw material, quartz sand, zinc silicate, and an alkaline activator;

[0006] Relative to 100 parts by weight of the cementing material, the content of the quartz sand is 100-200 parts by weight, the content of the zinc silicate is 5-10 parts by weight, and the content of the alkaline activator is 40-70 parts by weight.

[0007] The cementing raw material contains 10-50 wt% slag, 10-50 wt% metakaolin, and 10-50 wt% tuff powder.

[0008] The tuff powder contains 75-86 wt% SiO2, 5-15 wt% Al2O3, and 0-10 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.1-0.3:1.

[0009] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff, the method comprising using the components of the composition described in the first aspect, including:

[0010] (1) The cementing material and zinc silicate are mixed for the first time to obtain mixture I;

[0011] (2) Mixture I and the alkaline activator are mixed a second time to obtain mixture II;

[0012] (3) Mix the mixture II and the quartz sand in a third mixing to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0013] The third aspect of the present invention provides an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff prepared by the method described in the second aspect.

[0014] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a composition for tuff-based inorganic protective coating materials as described in the first aspect, and the application of tuff-based inorganic protective coating materials as described in the third aspect in civil engineering materials.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the composition for inorganic protective coating materials based on tuff provided by the present invention, through the synergistic combination of specific types of aluminosilicate raw materials (i.e., the cementing raw materials), the quartz sand, the zinc silicate, and the alkaline activator, can improve the flexural strength and flexural-compression ratio of inorganic protective coating materials while maintaining excellent compressive strength. At the same time, it can also effectively improve the stability of the structure, extend the service life of the structure, and has good adhesion and corrosion resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0017] As mentioned above, the first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff, the composition comprising: a cementing raw material, quartz sand, zinc silicate, and an alkaline activator;

[0018] Relative to 100 parts by weight of the cementing material, the content of the quartz sand is 100-200 parts by weight, the content of the zinc silicate is 5-10 parts by weight, and the content of the alkaline activator is 40-70 parts by weight.

[0019] The cementing raw material contains 10-50 wt% slag, 10-50 wt% metakaolin, and 10-50 wt% tuff powder.

[0020] The tuff powder contains 75-86 wt% SiO2, 5-15 wt% Al2O3, and 0-10 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.1-0.3:1.

[0021] The inventors of this invention discovered that using a combination of 10-50 wt% slag, 10-50 wt% metakaolin, and 10-50 wt% tuff powder as cementing materials, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate (CASH) and alkali aluminosilicate (NASH) gels are generated under alkaline conditions. The slag and metakaolin exhibit stronger activity, improving the early strength of the structure. The finer particle size of the metakaolin allows it to synergistically interact with the tuff powder, dissolving to form NASH gel and filling the pores between particles. Furthermore, the particle-filling effect creates a three-dimensional network gel structure, refining the pore structure of the cementing material and densifying the hydrated matrix, effectively preventing corrosive media from penetrating the coating into the structure. In addition, the tuff powder has lower activity; undissolved tuff powder can act as skeletal particles, supporting the structure and increasing its strength, thereby further enhancing the strength of the coating material. Simultaneously, the zinc silicate forms a dense silicon-oxygen network after curing, blocking corrosive media (water, Cl-) - (etc.), and after being combined with the alkaline activator, it exhibits good adhesion to metal materials and concrete surfaces.

[0022] Preferably, the tuff powder contains 75-86 wt% SiO2, 5-15 wt% Al2O3, and 0.01-10 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.1-0.3:1.

[0023] Preferably, the cementing raw material contains 10-40 wt% slag, 10-40 wt% metakaolin, and 30-50 wt% tuff powder. The inventors have discovered that under these preferred conditions, the obtained tuff-based inorganic protective coating material exhibits higher flexural strength and bonding performance.

[0024] Preferably, the slag contains SiO2, CaO, MgO, and Al2O3, and the ratio of the total content of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is greater than or equal to 2.0; the average particle diameter of the slag is 5-50 μm.

[0025] Preferably, the slag contains SiO2, CaO, MgO, and Al2O3, and the ratio of the total content of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is greater than or equal to 2.0; the average particle diameter of the slag is 8-30 μm. The inventors have found that under these preferred conditions, the obtained tuff-based inorganic protective coating material exhibits higher compressive strength and flexural strength.

[0026] Preferably, the slag contains 20.00-35.00 wt% SiO2, 10.00-15.00 wt% Al2O3, 40.00-45.00 wt% CaO, and 6.00-10.00 wt% MgO.

[0027] Preferably, the average particle diameter of the tuff powder is ≤48μm.

[0028] The present invention does not have any special requirements for the preparation method of the tuff powder, as long as the composition and average particle diameter meet the above requirements. However, in order to obtain tuff-based inorganic protective coating materials with high compressive strength and high flexural-to-compression ratio, the following method is preferred for preparing tuff powder: volcanic clastic rock is crushed and ground in sequence, and then passed through a 300-mesh sieve to obtain the tuff powder.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this invention, "passing through a 300-mesh sieve" refers to sieving using a sieve of Chinese standard and taking the undersize portion as the tuff powder.

[0030] The present invention does not have any special requirements on the source of the volcanic clastic rock, as long as the composition and average particle diameter of the tuff powder prepared from the volcanic clastic rock meet the requirements.

[0031] The present invention does not have any special requirements for the crushing and grinding method, and those skilled in the art can use the technical means known in the art.

[0032] The present invention does not have any special requirements on the source of the slag, the metakaolin, the quartz sand, and the zinc silicate, as long as they meet the characteristics required by the present invention.

[0033] The present invention does not have any special requirements for the method of determining the chemical composition of the slag, the metakaolin, and the tuff powder. Those skilled in the art can use known techniques in the field, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

[0034] Preferably, the metakaolin contains 40-55 wt% SiO2, 35-55 wt% Al2O3, 0-1 wt% CaO, and 0-2.5 wt% Fe2O3.

[0035] Preferably, the metakaolin contains 40-55 wt% SiO2, 35-55 wt% Al2O3, 0.01-1 wt% CaO, and 0.01-2.5 wt% Fe2O3.

[0036] The tuff powder, metakaolin, and slag described in this invention also contain some impurities, such as quartz minerals and feldspar minerals.

[0037] Preferably, the average particle diameter of the metakaolin is 4-20 μm.

[0038] Preferably, the particle diameter of the quartz sand is 0.1-2.5 mm.

[0039] More preferably, the particle diameter of the quartz sand is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0040] Preferably, the modulus of the alkaline activator is 1.0-1.8.

[0041] More preferably, the modulus of the alkaline activator is 1.2. The modulus of the alkaline activator refers to the molar ratio of its alkali metal oxide to silicon dioxide.

[0042] Preferably, the alkaline activator is prepared by contact mixing of sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide and water.

[0043] The present invention does not impose special requirements on the contact mixing operation, and those skilled in the art can use known techniques in the art to perform it. Exemplarily, the contact mixing operation includes the following steps: stirring the sodium silicate, the sodium hydroxide, and the water at 10-40°C and a rotation speed of 60-200 rpm for 0.5-4 hours, and then allowing it to stand for 2-24 hours.

[0044] Preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the sodium hydroxide and the water, on a dry basis, is 0.5-1.5:0.25-1.5:1.

[0045] Preferably, the sodium silicate contains 5-12 wt% sodium oxide and 15-40 wt% silicon dioxide.

[0046] Preferably, the sodium silicate has a Baumé degree of 38.0-39.0 and a modulus of 2.0-3.5.

[0047] Preferably, the zinc silicate has a whiteness ≥96 and a zinc content ≥45wt%.

[0048] Preferably, the average diameter of the zinc silicate particles is 30-50 μm.

[0049] As previously stated, a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a tuff-based inorganic protective coating material, the method comprising using the components of the composition described in the first aspect, including:

[0050] (1) The cementing material and zinc silicate are mixed for the first time to obtain mixture I;

[0051] (2) Mixture I and the alkaline activator are mixed a second time to obtain mixture II;

[0052] (3) Mix the mixture II and the quartz sand in a third mixing to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0053] Preferably, in step (1), the conditions for the first mixing include: a stirring speed of 60-100 rpm and a time of 20-60 s.

[0054] Preferably, in step (2), the conditions for the second mixing include: a stirring speed of 250-400 rpm and a time of 20-60 s.

[0055] Preferably, in step (3), the conditions for the third mixing include: a stirring speed of 250-400 rpm and a time of 60-120 s.

[0056] Preferably, in step (3), the conditions for the third mixing include: a stirring speed of 250-400 rpm and a mixing time of 90-120 s. The inventors have found that extending the mixing time can solve the problem of higher slurry viscosity due to the higher content of metakaolin, thus ensuring the uniformity of the slurry.

[0057] Preferably, before the first mixing, the slag, the metakaolin, and the tuff powder are stirred to obtain the cementing raw material.

[0058] In this invention, there are no particular requirements regarding the order of addition and mixing method of the components in the cementing raw material. Those skilled in the art can use methods known in the art to perform stirring and mixing. For example, the slag, the metakaolin, and the tuff powder are stirred at a speed of 60-400 rpm for 0.5-10 min to obtain the cementing raw material.

[0059] The preparation method of the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material provided by this invention is simple, requires no addition of fibers and nanofillers, significantly reduces material costs, and is beneficial for enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

[0060] As previously stated, the third aspect of the present invention provides a tuff-based inorganic protective coating material prepared by the method described in the second aspect.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the coating material has a 28-day compressive strength of 55-65 MPa, a 28-day flexural strength of 9-17 MPa, a flexural-compression ratio of 15-30%, and an adhesive strength of 2.1-3.1 MPa.

[0062] In this invention, "bond strength" refers to the bond strength between the coating formed by applying the material prepared using the composition provided in this invention to a concrete substrate and the concrete substrate.

[0063] The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material provided by this invention also has excellent corrosion protection properties.

[0064] As previously stated, the fourth aspect of the present invention provides the composition for the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material described in the first aspect and the application of the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material described in the third aspect in civil engineering materials.

[0065] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, reagents, and materials involved in the following examples are all conventional instruments, reagents, and materials already existing in the prior art and can be obtained through legitimate commercial channels. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods and detection methods involved in the following examples are all conventional experimental methods and detection methods already existing in the prior art. The room temperature mentioned in the following examples refers to 20±2℃.

[0066] Cementing materials:

[0067] Preparation of tuff powder I: Volcanic clastic rock I was first crushed and ground sequentially, then passed through a 300-mesh sieve (using a Chinese standard sieve), and the undersize portion was collected to obtain tuff powder I. The average particle diameter of this tuff powder I is 11.27 μm. Tuff powder I contains 80.14 wt% SiO2, 11.75 wt% Al2O3, and 0.12 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.148:1.

[0068] Preparation of Tuff Powder II: Volcanic clastic rock II was successively crushed and ground, then passed through a 300-mesh sieve (using a Chinese standard sieve), and the undersize portion was collected to obtain tuff powder II. The average particle diameter of this tuff powder II is 12.45 μm. Tuff powder II contains 85.03 wt% SiO2, 7.64 wt% Al2O3, and 0.25 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.09:1.

[0069] Slag I: The average particle diameter is 8.97 μm. The slag contains 28.33 wt% SiO2, 14.29 wt% Al2O3, 44.25 wt% CaO, and 8.37 wt% MgO. The ratio of the total content of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 in the slag is 2.36:1.

[0070] Slag II: The average particle diameter is 12.46 μm. The slag contains 33.16 wt% SiO2, 12.75 wt% Al2O3, 41.43 wt% CaO, and 8.56 wt% MgO. The ratio of the total content of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 in the slag is 1.89:1.

[0071] Metakaolin: The average particle diameter is 4.46 μm. Metakaolin contains 47.16 wt% SiO2, 48.26 wt% Al2O3, 0.41 wt% CaO, and 1.07 wt% Fe2O3.

[0072] Quartz sand: Particle diameter is 0.1-0.5mm.

[0073] Zinc silicate: average particle diameter is 38μm, whiteness ≥96, zinc content ≥45wt%.

[0074] Zinc oxide: sieve residue (the material remaining on the sieve after zinc oxide is sieved through a 45μm sieve) ≤0.1wt%, purity is 99.5wt%.

[0075] Sodium silicate: Sodium oxide (Na2O) content is 8.53wt%, silicon dioxide (SiO2) content is 26.98wt%, Baumé degree is 38.5, modulus is 3.3, purchased from Jiashan Yourui Refractory Materials Co., Ltd., brand name SP38.

[0076] Preparation method of alkaline activator I: 71.48g of sodium silicate, 10.70g of solid NaOH and 26.14ml of water were stirred at 120rpm for 1h at room temperature and allowed to stand for 6h to obtain alkaline activator I with a modulus of 1.4.

[0077] Preparation method of alkaline activator II: 61.27g of sodium silicate, 11.82g of solid NaOH and 32.69ml of water were stirred at 120rpm for 1h at room temperature and allowed to stand for 6h to obtain alkaline activator II with a modulus of 1.2.

[0078] In this invention, the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, and Fe2O3 were all determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF).

[0079] Example 1

[0080] This embodiment illustrates that the composition for the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material of the present invention is prepared according to the formulation and process parameters in Table 1, and the method described below.

[0081] (1) Stir slag, metakaolin, and tuff powder at 90 rpm for 0.5 min to obtain cemented raw materials;

[0082] (2) The cementing material and zinc silicate are mixed for the first time to obtain mixture I;

[0083] (3) Mixture I and the alkaline activator are mixed a second time to obtain mixture II;

[0084] (4) Mix the mixture II and the quartz sand in a third mixing to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0085] Examples 2 to 4 were carried out using a method similar to that of Example 1, except that the composition formulation and process parameters were different, as shown in Table 1. The rest were the same as in Example 1.

[0086] Table 1 Raw material formulations and process parameters for Examples 1-4 (each part by weight represents 10g)

[0087]

[0088] Example 5

[0089] The procedure was carried out in a similar manner to that of Example 1, except that slag I was replaced with slag II of equal mass.

[0090] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0091] Comparative Example 1

[0092] The procedure was carried out in a similar manner to that of Example 1, except that zinc oxide was used instead of zinc silicate in equal quantities.

[0093] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The procedure was carried out in a similar manner to that of Example 1, except that tuff powder I was replaced with tuff powder II of equal mass.

[0096] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0097] Comparative Example 3

[0098] The procedure was carried out in a similar manner to Example 1, except that tuff powder I was not added, and the amount of slag I was adjusted to 50 parts by weight, and the amount of metakaolin was adjusted to 50 parts by weight.

[0099] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0100] Comparative Example 4

[0101] The procedure was carried out in a similar manner to Example 1, except that the amount of slag I was adjusted to 70 parts by weight, the amount of metakaolin to 20 parts by weight, and the amount of tuff powder I to 10 parts by weight.

[0102] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

[0103] Test case

[0104] The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material prepared in the aforementioned examples was subjected to the following performance tests, and the test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The test methods involved are as follows:

[0105] Compressive strength: Refer to the national standard GB / T 50081-2019.

[0106] Flexural strength: Refer to the national standard GB / T 17671-2021.

[0107] Bond strength: Refer to the national standard GB / T 5210-2006.

[0108] Salt spray resistance test: conducted in accordance with the national standard GB / T 10125-2021.

[0109] The flexural strength to compressive strength ratio (%) is calculated as: flexural strength (MPa) / compressive strength (MPa) × 100%.

[0110] Table 2 Mechanical properties of each example sample and comparative example

[0111]

[0112] Table 3 Comparison of bonding performance and salt spray resistance of each example sample and the comparative sample

[0113]

[0114] The results above show that the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material prepared by this invention has excellent performance, with a 28-day compressive strength of 55-65 MPa, a 28-day flexural strength of 9-17 MPa, a flexural-compression ratio of 15-30%, a bond strength of 2.1-3.1 MPa, and excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material provided by this invention is environmentally friendly, high-temperature resistant, aging resistant, VOC-free, low-cost, and has a simple construction process.

[0115] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff, characterized in that, The composition includes: cementing material, quartz sand, zinc silicate, and alkaline activator; Relative to 100 parts by weight of the cementing material, the content of the quartz sand is 100-200 parts by weight, the content of the zinc silicate is 5-10 parts by weight, and the content of the alkaline activator is 40-70 parts by weight. The cementing raw material contains 10-50 wt% slag, 10-50 wt% metakaolin, and 10-50 wt% tuff powder. The tuff powder contains 75-86 wt% SiO2, 5-15 wt% Al2O3, and 0-10 wt% CaO, and the ratio of the total content of CaO and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is 0.1-0.3:

1.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cementing material contains 10-40 wt% slag, 10-40 wt% metakaolin, and 30-50 wt% tuff powder; and / or The slag contains SiO2, CaO, MgO, and Al2O3, and the ratio of the total content of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3 to the content of SiO2 is greater than or equal to 2.0; the average particle diameter of the slag is 5-50 μm.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The average particle diameter of the tuff powder is ≤48μm; and / or The metakaolin contains 40-55 wt% SiO2, 35-55 wt% Al2O3, 0-1 wt% CaO, and 0-2.5 wt% Fe2O3; and the average particle diameter of the metakaolin is 4-20 μm; and / or The diameter of the quartz sand particles is 0.1-2.5 mm.

4. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The modulus of the alkaline activator is 1.0-1.8; and / or The alkaline activator is prepared by contact mixing of sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide and water.

5. A method for preparing an inorganic protective coating material based on tuff, characterized in that, This method is performed using any of the components in the composition according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising: (1) The cementing material and zinc silicate are mixed for the first time to obtain mixture I; (2) Mixture I and the alkaline activator are mixed a second time to obtain mixture II; (3) Mix the mixture II and the quartz sand in a third mixing to obtain the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conditions for the first mixing include: a stirring speed of 60-100 rpm and a mixing time of 20-60 s; And / or, the conditions for the second mixing include: a stirring speed of 250-400 rpm and a time of 20-60 s; And / or, the conditions for the third mixing include: a stirring speed of 250-400 rpm and a time of 60-120 s.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The method further includes: before performing the first mixing, stirring the slag, the metakaolin, and the tuff powder to obtain the cementing raw material.

8. The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 5-7.

9. The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tuff-based inorganic protective coating material has a 28-day compressive strength of 55-65 MPa, a 28-day flexural strength of 9-17 MPa, a flexural-compression ratio of 15-30%, and a bond strength of 2.1-3.1 MPa.

10. The composition for tuff-based inorganic protective coating materials according to any one of claims 1-4, and the application of the tuff-based inorganic protective coating material according to claim 8 or 9 in civil engineering materials.

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