Intelligent sensing type expanded pier and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge pier construction guidance and monitoring, in particular to an intelligent sensing type expanded pier and a construction method. The expansion pier comprises an optical fiber network system and an intelligent steel mold, and the optical fiber network system comprises armored optical fibers and reinforced protection optical fibers special for a normal water level, is embedded in an expansion section and is fixed to a steel reinforcement framework; pressure, displacement and three-dimensional positioning sensors are arranged in the intelligent steel mold, and the intelligent steel mold is connected with a construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module. The method comprises the steps of planning an optical fiber path based on original bridge pier stress analysis, customizing and calibrating an intelligent steel mold containing a sensor, pouring concrete and monitoring and adjusting parameters in real time after the steel mold is assembled, embedding optical fibers when the concrete is poured to a preset elevation, and regularly collecting optical fiber data and establishing a health model in a bridge operation stage. Structural expansion and health monitoring are deeply fused, the construction quality is managed and controlled in real time, the operation risk is early warned in advance, data support is provided for intelligent bridge management and maintenance, the service life of a bridge is prolonged, and the whole life cycle cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge pier construction guidance and monitoring technology, specifically to an intelligent sensing enlarged pier and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of transportation infrastructure construction in my country, the number of bridge projects continues to grow. The safe operation and full life-cycle maintenance of bridges have become core tasks for ensuring the stable operation of the transportation network. As key load-bearing components of bridges, the structural integrity and health of bridge piers directly determine the overall safety performance and service life of the bridge, thus occupying an irreplaceable position in the bridge engineering system.

[0003] In the field of bridge pier reinforcement, traditional enlarged pier technology has long been hampered by the dual technical bottlenecks of "difficulty in controlling construction quality" and "untimely operation monitoring." During the construction phase, traditional processes rely excessively on the experience of workers to judge concrete pouring parameters. There is a lack of effective real-time monitoring methods for key construction indicators such as the stress state of the formwork, the degree of deformation, and the lateral pressure of the concrete. This makes it easy for quality defects such as formwork cracking and insufficient compaction of the enlarged section concrete to occur due to parameter setting deviations, which seriously affects the reliability of the reinforcement project.

[0004] During the operational phase, existing methods often combine regular manual inspections with sampling tests. This approach is not only labor-intensive and has limited coverage, but also struggles to capture potential risks such as changes in pier stress and the initiation and propagation of cracks in real time. Delayed warnings often lead to the expansion of safety hazards. Furthermore, this model lacks continuous data support throughout the entire lifecycle of the bridge piers, making it impossible to accurately grasp the patterns of structural performance degradation and posing a significant challenge to the scientific planning of operation and maintenance strategies.

[0005] While existing technologies have made some improvements, such as patent documents CN202510823388.3 and CN117773965A which use drones or robots to inspect bridge piers, alleviating the problems of low efficiency and high cost of manual inspection, there are still obvious shortcomings in the timeliness of real-time guidance during construction and dynamic monitoring of operational status. Patent document CN116499423A uses laser emission and acquisition units to achieve pier monitoring and construction guidance, but it faces the practical problems of high equipment cost and difficult construction operation, making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier and its construction method, which achieves deep integration of structural enlargement and health monitoring. By capturing key construction parameters in real time and dynamically controlling construction quality, the invention can sense the stress, deformation and damage development status of the pier body during the operation phase, providing data support for bridge construction optimization and intelligent maintenance.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is: an intelligent sensing enlarged pier, including a fiber optic network system and an intelligent steel formwork; The fiber optic network system includes optical fibers and an operation monitoring platform. The optical fibers are buried in the enlarged cross section, connected to the operation monitoring platform, and tied to the steel reinforcement skeleton to prevent displacement during the pouring and vibration process. The operation monitoring platform converts the optical fiber signals into real-time dynamic images. The intelligent steel formwork incorporates a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a three-dimensional positioning sensor. The pressure sensor is used to collect concrete lateral pressure data at different heights and positions, the displacement sensor is used to record formwork settlement and lateral deformation, and the three-dimensional positioning sensor is used to monitor the axial deviation between the enlarged section and the original pier and cap beam. All the pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and three-dimensional positioning sensor establish a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module.

[0008] In another implementation of the present invention, the pressure sensor monitors the concrete side pressure as follows: P = K × ∆U × (1 + λ × T) a -0.3 )×η Where P is the lateral pressure of concrete, in kPa; K is the sensor calibration coefficient, in kPa / mV; ∆U is the sensor output voltage change, in mV; λ is the concrete consistency correction coefficient, ranging from 0.02 to 0.08; T a Ambient temperature, unit: ℃; η is the pouring height correction coefficient, with a value range of 1.0~1.5, and η=1+0.03×H, where H is the pouring height, unit: m.

[0009] In another implementation of the present invention, the displacement sensor monitors the deformation of the template as follows: δ=(L0-L t )×(1+ε×t) 0.2 -δ0 Where δ is the template deformation, in mm, with positive values ​​representing settlement / lateral displacement; L0 is the initial distance, the reference distance between the sensor and the template, in mm; L t ε is the measured distance at a certain moment, in mm; ε is the sensor drift correction coefficient, ranging from 0.001 to 0.005; t is the monitoring duration, in min; δ0 is the initial deviation of template installation, in mm.

[0010] In another implementation of the present invention, the stress monitoring of the optical fiber network system is based on the Brillouin scattering effect, and the stress is: in, The stress at the location of the optical fiber, in MPa; The measured Brillouin frequency shift is expressed in MHz. This refers to the fiber optic temperature sensitivity coefficient. This refers to the change in temperature, expressed in °C. This is the fiber stress sensitivity coefficient.

[0011] In another implementation of the present invention, the crack monitoring of the optical fiber network system is based on the optical signal attenuation characteristics, and the crack signal characteristics are as follows: in, Distance from the fiber optic start point The amplitude of the optical signal at that location; The initial optical signal amplitude; This is the normal attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber; The additional attenuation at the crack, in dB.

[0012] This invention also provides a construction method for an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier, comprising the following steps: Based on the stress analysis results of the original pier structure, the peak areas of bending moment and shear force of the pier body were identified, and the fiber optic sensing path was planned. Pressure sensors, displacement sensors, and three-dimensional positioning sensors are all installed inside the intelligent steel formwork. Each sensor establishes a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module to achieve real-time data transmission. High-precision calibration instruments were used to perform zero-point calibration on the pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and three-dimensional positioning sensor. When pouring concrete for an enlarged section, relevant monitoring data is collected in real time by various sensors and transmitted to the construction monitoring platform. The platform automatically generates real-time change curves. If any monitoring data is abnormal, the pouring operation is immediately suspended, and the construction parameters are checked and adjusted before construction is resumed. When the concrete is poured to the preset elevation, the optical fiber is buried in the enlarged cross section according to the planned sensing path. The optical fiber is arranged in a spiral shape along the stress-dominant direction to ensure full coverage of key stress-bearing parts. The optical fiber is tied and fixed to the steel reinforcement frame. After the pouring is completed, the optical fiber interface is reserved. This interface establishes a communication connection with the operation monitoring platform. After the bridge is put into operation, fiber optic strain data will be collected regularly through a fiber optic signal demodulator to simultaneously monitor the development of cracks in the pier, structural settlement, and local stress abrupt changes. By comparing the collected monitoring data with the bridge design parameters, a pier health model is established. If the monitoring data triggers an early warning condition, an early warning message is automatically pushed. At the same time, based on the long-term accumulated monitoring data, the performance degradation pattern of the piers is analyzed to provide support for operation and maintenance decisions.

[0013] In another implementation of the present invention, the intelligent steel mold adopts a two-part structure. During assembly, the two steel mold parts are first joined together and fastened with bolts. Then, the pressure sensor, displacement sensor and three-dimensional positioning sensor are installed in the preset mounting positions inside the intelligent steel mold.

[0014] In another implementation of the present invention, finite element analysis software is used to conduct structural stress simulation analysis on the original bridge pier to identify the key stress areas of the pier body; optical fibers are evenly arranged at preset intervals, and the deployment range covers the core stress section from the top to the bottom of the pier body.

[0015] In another implementation of the present invention, the same type of sensors on the intelligent steel mold are arranged vertically and uniformly at preset intervals. The sensor deployment range covers the core monitoring section from the top to the bottom of the pier, with the top sensor set close to the top of the pier and the bottom sensor set close to the bottom of the pier.

[0016] In another implementation of the present invention, after the bridge is put into operation, strain data of the pre-embedded optical fiber is collected weekly using an optical fiber signal demodulator; when the settlement rate is >2mm / month, an early warning is triggered, and additional attenuation at the crack is recorded. A value greater than 3dB is considered a significant crack.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: 1. Through real-time and accurate monitoring and early warning mechanisms, potential safety hazards during the pier pouring process can be captured in a timely manner, effectively avoiding large-scale structural damage caused by the omission of hazards, reducing unnecessary maintenance and replacement expenditures, significantly extending the overall service life of the bridge, and reducing the comprehensive investment cost of bridge construction and operation from the perspective of the entire life cycle.

[0018] 2. Real-time feedback of key construction data significantly reduces the blind spots and delays of manual inspections; dynamic optimization of construction parameters based on monitoring data can effectively avoid rework and repairs caused by quality problems, help improve construction efficiency, ensure the project progresses on schedule, and achieve a scientific shortening of the construction period.

[0019] 3. It adopts distributed fiber optic sensing technology and intelligent steel formwork sensing integration solution, which has excellent environmental adaptability and can cope with complex working conditions such as high humidity, high pressure and long-term outdoor conditions during bridge construction and operation. At the same time, it can flexibly design personalized sensing paths according to the structural characteristics of different bridge piers, adapt to various bridge pier reinforcement needs, and has a wide range of applications.

[0020] 4. Relying on the pre-embedded distributed optical fiber monitoring system, continuous perception of pier stress changes, structural deformation and damage development can be achieved during the bridge operation phase, completely changing the traditional passive mode of "post-event detection". It can provide early warning of safety risks caused by overloading, foundation settlement and other factors, and provide a solid guarantee for the long-term safe and stable operation of the bridge.

[0021] 5. Through long-term accumulation of full life cycle monitoring data, the performance degradation law of bridge pier structure can be analyzed in depth, the durability life of enlarged cross sections can be predicted, and quantitative scientific basis can be provided for bridge overhaul, reinforcement and other operation and maintenance work, significantly improving the pertinence and efficiency of operation and maintenance work, and promoting the transformation of bridge management and maintenance towards intelligence and refinement. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific workflow of the intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the fiber optic cable layout for the intelligent sensing type expanded pier of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the installation path of the steel formwork sensor for the intelligent sensing enlarged pier of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an elevation view of the installation path of the steel formwork sensor of the intelligent sensing enlarged pier of the present invention (since the displacement sensor 5 and the three-dimensional positioning sensor 6 have one column of overlap, the overlapping part is shown as two parallel columns in the figure).

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1--Fiber optic cable, 2--Double-layer armored fiber optic cable with anti-corrosion coating at normal water level, 3--Fiber optic interface, 4--Pressure sensor, 5--Displacement sensor, 6--Three-dimensional positioning sensor, 7--Bolt, 8--Concrete pier, 9--Intelligent steel mold. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment provides an intelligent sensing-type expanded pier, applicable to the reinforcement project of a double-column pier concrete beam bridge. The bridge pier is made of C30 concrete, with a pier height of 15m and a pier diameter of 2m. The intelligent sensing-type expanded pier includes a fiber optic network system and an intelligent steel formwork 9. The specific configuration of each component is as follows: The fiber optic network system includes fiber optic cable 1, double-armored fiber optic cable 2 with anti-corrosion coating at normal water level, and an operation monitoring platform. Among them, fiber optic cable 1 uses alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant armored fiber optic cable. For areas near the normal water level of the pier that are significantly affected by alternating wet and dry conditions and water erosion, double-armored fiber optic cable 2 with anti-corrosion coating at normal water level is installed to accurately monitor stress changes in this area caused by environmental factors.

[0029] Fiber 1 and fiber 2 with double-layer armor and anti-corrosion coating at normal water level were pre-connected and debugged with the operation monitoring platform before construction to ensure reliable connection and stable signal. They were then jointly buried within the enlarged cross-section and secured to the reinforcing steel frame with special binding straps to prevent displacement during concrete pouring and vibration. The operation monitoring platform uses artificial intelligence algorithms to convert the raw signals transmitted through the fiber optic cables into real-time dynamic images, providing intuitive data support for monitoring during the operation phase.

[0030] The fiber optic cable deployment path was scientifically planned: Finite element analysis software was used to simulate the structural stress of the original bridge piers, identifying the connection points between the pier bottom, pier top, and beam as critical stress areas. The fiber optic cables were arranged in a spiral pattern along the stress direction, with one cable every 10cm, for a total of 200 cables. The deployment range started 0.5m from the pier top and ended 0.5m from the pier bottom, ensuring comprehensive coverage of critical stress points. Figure 2 As shown. After the pouring is completed, fiber optic interface 3 is reserved at the preset position on the pier for data acquisition and equipment connection during the subsequent operation phase.

[0031] The intelligent steel formwork 9 adopts a two-part modular structure, which is fastened together by bolts passing through bolt holes 7 to form a complete template system. Pressure sensors 4, displacement sensors 5, and three-dimensional positioning sensors 6 are installed inside the intelligent steel formwork 9. These sensors are evenly arranged vertically at 2m intervals, with the top sensor 0.5m from the top of the pier and the bottom sensor 0.5m from the bottom of the pier, enabling comprehensive monitoring of different height areas of the pier.

[0032] Pressure sensor 4 is used to collect the lateral pressure of concrete at different heights and positions during concrete pouring; displacement sensor 5 is used to record formwork settlement and lateral deformation data in real time; three-dimensional positioning sensor 6 is used to monitor the axial deviation between the enlarged section and the original pier body 8 and cap beam, ensuring that the deviation is ≤5mm. All three types of sensors establish a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module to realize the real-time transmission and analysis of monitoring data.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment provides a construction method for the above-mentioned intelligent sensing enlarged pier. Based on the bridge engineering background in Embodiment 1, the specific steps are as follows: The structural stress of the original C30 concrete double-column pier was simulated using finite element analysis software. The connection between the pier bottom, pier top and beam body was identified as the key stress areas. The fiber optic sensing path was planned simultaneously: arranged in a spiral shape along the stress direction, with one fiber optic cable every 10cm, for a total of 200 cables, and the deployment range from 0.5m from the pier top to 0.5m from the pier bottom.

[0034] Customized intelligent steel mold 9 adopts a two-part structure with preset sensor installation positions on its inner side. Pressure sensor 4, displacement sensor 5 and three-dimensional positioning sensor 6 are installed accordingly. The same type of sensor is arranged at a vertical spacing of 2m. The top sensor is 0.5m away from the top of the pier and the bottom sensor is 0.5m away from the bottom of the pier. Each sensor establishes a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module to realize real-time data transmission.

[0035] Before assembling the template, each sensor is zero-point calibrated using a high-precision calibration instrument. After calibration, the sensor accuracy is verified by simulated loading to ensure that the error between the measured data and the standard value is controlled within ±0.5%, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of data acquisition.

[0036] The intelligent steel mold 9 was assembled on site. The two halves of the steel mold were joined together and fastened with bolts. During the assembly process, the installation firmness and position accuracy of each sensor were checked simultaneously to ensure that the sensors fit tightly with the inside of the template without loosening or shifting. After assembly, the intelligent steel mold 9 was hoisted to the side of the concrete pier 8 and installed and positioned according to the construction specifications.

[0037] Pre-processing was performed on armored fiber 1 and double-armored fiber 2 with anti-corrosion coating at normal water level: signal transmission test was carried out after pre-connection with the operation monitoring platform to ensure reliable connection and stable signal, laying the foundation for subsequent monitoring.

[0038] Concrete pump trucks were used for pouring concrete to enlarge the cross-section, with the initial pouring speed controlled at 10m. 3 / h. During the pouring process, pressure sensor 4 collects concrete lateral pressure data in real time, displacement sensor 5 records formwork settlement and lateral deformation data synchronously, and three-dimensional positioning sensor 6 continuously monitors the error between the axis of the enlarged section and the axis of the original section. All data is transmitted wirelessly to the monitoring platform, which automatically generates real-time curves such as "pouring height-pressure change curve" and "time-deformation curve".

[0039] If the monitoring platform displays any abnormal monitoring data (such as a sudden increase in pressure in a certain area), immediately suspend the pouring operation; verify the cause of the abnormality on-site (such as low concrete slump), and adjust the concrete slump (to 180-200mm) and pouring speed (reduced to 8m). 3 Construction parameters such as vibration frequency, etc., should be checked and poured only after the data returns to normal to ensure construction safety and the quality of the enlarged cross-section.

[0040] When the concrete is poured to the preset elevation, the pre-treated armored optical fiber 1 and the double-armored + anti-corrosion coated optical fiber 2 at the normal water level are buried in the enlarged cross section according to the planned path. The double-armored + anti-corrosion coated optical fiber 2 at the normal water level is specially deployed for targeted monitoring. The optical fiber is tied to the steel reinforcement skeleton every 30cm with special binding tape to prevent displacement during pouring and vibration. After the pouring is completed, the optical fiber interface 3 is reserved at the preset position.

[0041] After the bridge is put into operation, strain data of the pre-embedded optical fibers are collected weekly using an optical fiber signal demodulator; the condition of the pier is monitored simultaneously: relying on the sensitivity of optical fibers to cracks, when the additional signal attenuation at the crack is greater than 3dB, it is judged as a significant crack, and timely investigation and repair are carried out; the optical fiber strain data at the bottom of the pier is correlated, and an early warning is triggered when the settlement rate is >2mm / month; for bridge piers crossing rivers, the focus is on monitoring the sudden changes in local stress caused by scouring in the pier body below the water level.

[0042] The collected monitoring data on stress, deformation, etc., are compared with the bridge design parameters, and a bridge pier health model is established by combining machine learning algorithms. If it is determined that the stress in a certain area continues to exceed the warning threshold for 24 hours or the crack signal is abnormal, the warning information is automatically pushed to the maintenance platform. Based on the long-term accumulated monitoring data, the performance degradation law of the bridge piers is analyzed, providing scientific data support for bridge overhaul and reinforcement decisions.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A smart sensing-type enlarged pier, characterized in that, This includes fiber optic network systems and intelligent steel molds; The fiber optic network system includes optical fibers and an operation monitoring platform. The optical fibers are buried in an enlarged cross section, connected to the operation monitoring platform, and bound and fixed to a steel reinforcement frame. The operation monitoring platform converts the optical fiber signals into real-time dynamic images. The intelligent steel formwork incorporates a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a three-dimensional positioning sensor. The pressure sensor is used to collect concrete lateral pressure data at different heights and positions, the displacement sensor is used to record formwork settlement and lateral deformation, and the three-dimensional positioning sensor is used to monitor the axial deviation between the enlarged section and the original pier and cap beam. All the pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and three-dimensional positioning sensor establish a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module.

2. The intelligent sensing type expansion pier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor monitors the concrete side pressure as follows: P=K×∆U×(1+λ×T a -0.3 )×η Where P is the lateral pressure of concrete, in kPa; K is the sensor calibration coefficient, in kPa / mV; ∆U is the sensor output voltage change, in mV; λ is the concrete consistency correction coefficient, ranging from 0.02 to 0.08; T a Ambient temperature, unit: ℃; η is the pouring height correction coefficient, with a value range of 1.0~1.5, and η=1+0.03×H, where H is the pouring height, unit: m.

3. The intelligent sensing-type expansion pier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement sensor monitors the deformation of the template as follows: δ=(L0-L t )×(1+ε×t 0.2 )-δ0 Where δ is the template deformation, in mm, with positive values ​​representing settlement / lateral displacement; L0 is the initial distance, the reference distance between the sensor and the template, in mm; L t ε is the measured distance at a certain moment, in mm; ε is the sensor drift correction coefficient, ranging from 0.001 to 0.005; t is the monitoring duration, in min; δ0 is the initial deviation of template installation, in mm.

4. The intelligent sensing type expansion pier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress monitoring of the fiber optic network system is based on the Brillouin scattering effect, and the stress is: in, The stress at the location of the optical fiber, in MPa; The measured Brillouin frequency shift is expressed in MHz. This refers to the fiber optic temperature sensitivity coefficient. This refers to the change in temperature, expressed in °C. This is the fiber stress sensitivity coefficient.

5. The intelligent sensing type expansion pier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crack monitoring in the fiber optic network system is based on the attenuation characteristics of optical signals, and the crack signal characteristics are as follows: in, Distance from the fiber optic start point The amplitude of the optical signal at that location; The initial optical signal amplitude; This is the normal attenuation coefficient of the optical fiber; The additional attenuation at the crack, in dB.

6. A construction method for an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the stress analysis results of the original pier structure, the peak areas of bending moment and shear force of the pier body were identified, and the fiber optic sensing path was planned. Pressure sensors, displacement sensors, and three-dimensional positioning sensors are all installed inside the intelligent steel formwork. Each sensor establishes a communication connection with the construction monitoring platform through a wireless transmission module to achieve real-time data transmission. High-precision calibration instruments were used to perform zero-point calibration on the pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and three-dimensional positioning sensor. When pouring concrete for an enlarged section, relevant monitoring data is collected in real time by various sensors and transmitted to the construction monitoring platform. The platform automatically generates real-time change curves. If any monitoring data is abnormal, the pouring operation is immediately suspended, and the construction parameters are checked and adjusted before construction is resumed. When the concrete is poured to the preset elevation, the optical fiber is buried in the enlarged cross section according to the planned sensing path. The optical fiber is arranged in a spiral shape along the stress-dominant direction to ensure full coverage of key stress-bearing parts. The optical fiber is tied and fixed to the steel reinforcement frame. After the pouring is completed, the optical fiber interface is reserved. This interface establishes a communication connection with the operation monitoring platform. After the bridge is put into operation, fiber optic strain data will be collected regularly through a fiber optic signal demodulator to simultaneously monitor the development of cracks in the pier, structural settlement, and local stress abrupt changes. By comparing the collected monitoring data with the bridge design parameters, a pier health model is established. If the monitoring data triggers an early warning condition, an early warning message is automatically pushed. At the same time, based on the long-term accumulated monitoring data, the performance degradation pattern of the piers is analyzed to provide support for operation and maintenance decisions.

7. The construction method of an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent steel mold adopts a two-part structure. During assembly, the two steel mold parts are first joined together and fastened with bolts. Then, the pressure sensor, displacement sensor and three-dimensional positioning sensor are installed in the preset mounting positions inside the intelligent steel mold.

8. The construction method of an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier according to claim 6, characterized in that, Finite element analysis software was used to conduct structural stress simulation analysis on the original bridge piers to identify the key stress areas of the pier body; optical fibers were evenly arranged at preset intervals, and the deployment range covered the core stress area from the top to the bottom of the pier body.

9. The construction method of an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sensors of the same type on the intelligent steel formwork are arranged vertically and evenly at preset intervals. The sensor deployment range covers the core monitoring section from the top to the bottom of the pier. The top sensor is set close to the top of the pier, and the bottom sensor is set close to the bottom of the pier.

10. The construction method of an intelligent sensing-type enlarged pier according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the bridge is put into operation, strain data of the pre-embedded optical fibers are collected weekly using an optical fiber signal demodulator; an early warning is triggered when the settlement rate is >2mm / month, and additional attenuation is recorded at the cracks. A value greater than 3dB is considered a significant crack.

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