Multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method, which relates to the technical field of underground mine blasting engineering, and comprises the following steps: S1, blocking a filling body; s2, presplitting hole seam forming; and S3, blasting the holes section by section. Technical breakthrough is achieved through the multi-scale characteristic, and the problems that in the prior art, vibration is difficult to control from an explosion source, and propagation paths are insufficiently blocked are effectively solved. A filling body construction area is used for blocking and weakening vibration wave propagation, and a pre-splitting blasting technology is combined to form a pre-splitting crack to further block vibration. The detonation time sequence is accurately controlled in a hole-by-hole section-by-section detonation mode, a blasting network is optimized, and the single-shot explosive quantity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground mine blasting engineering technology, and in particular to a multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining, explosives are often used to blast and break down ore. During this process, the explosion of explosives in the rock and soil inevitably generates blast vibration waves, which are one of the main hazards in underground mining blasting. Part of the energy released by the explosive blast is used to achieve the purpose of rock breaking, while the other part propagates in the rock and soil as blast vibration waves. This causes vibrations in surrounding buildings. When the intensity of these vibrations reaches a certain threshold, it can cause cracking, damage, landslides, and other problems, leading to instability and loss of load-bearing capacity. This can have a significant negative impact on the structural stability and safety of buildings around the blast site, posing a serious safety risk to nearby personnel and equipment. Therefore, weakening and controlling the amplitude and propagation of blast vibration waves is a pressing technical challenge that needs to be addressed in current underground mining operations.

[0003] Existing methods for controlling blasting vibration waves primarily focus on two aspects: the blast source and the propagation path. Source control mainly involves reducing the explosive charge, decreasing the maximum initiation charge per blast, optimizing the initiation network, adjusting the delayed initiation time, and optimizing blasting parameters, all of which effectively reduce the maximum peak velocity of the blasting vibration waves. Regarding the propagation path, pre-splitting blasting is mainly used to create pre-cracks, thereby controlling the propagation of blasting vibration waves. However, the research and application of various control technologies often overlook the vibration-damping effect of the backfill material as a geological medium in underground mines. Existing research has found that the backfill material in the stope has a significant weakening mechanism for the propagation of blasting vibration waves; compared to propagation in ore and rock, the attenuation of blasting vibration waves is greater in the backfill material.

[0004] There are already relevant invention patents concerning the treatment of blast vibration waves generated by explosions, as detailed below:

[0005] Chinese Patent Application No. CN202311107862.X, entitled "A Method for Vibration Reduction Blasting in Tunnels," relates to the field of tunnel construction technology and specifically discloses a method for vibration reduction blasting in tunnels, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Determine the outline and centerline of the tunnel excavation face using a surveying instrument, and divide the excavation face into an upper bench, a middle bench, and a lower bench. Mark the locations of the blast holes according to the blast hole design diagram, forming a blast hole layout diagram on the excavation face; Step 2: Drill holes according to the blast hole layout diagram. The blast holes of the upper bench include cut holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes, and bottom plate holes that are detonated sequentially; the blast holes of the middle bench and the lower bench both include auxiliary holes and peripheral holes; Step 3: Detonate the upper bench, middle bench, and lower bench sequentially according to the detonation sequence of the blasting design. Smooth blasting is used for all peripheral holes; Step 4: After blasting, excavate the current blasted section along the longitudinal extension direction of the tunnel. The purpose of this patent is to solve the problem that existing tunnel construction using traditional blasting methods easily damages adjacent buildings and reduces tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0006] While the aforementioned existing patents can address the issue of traditional blasting methods in tunnel construction easily damaging adjacent buildings and reducing tunnel excavation efficiency, their methods only achieve vibration reduction through stepped blasting (upper, middle, and lower benches) and smooth blasting. This results in limited reduction in vibration velocity and a crude optimization of the detonation sequence, failing to specifically adjust the dominant vibration frequency. Furthermore, their fixed blast hole layout cannot adapt to asymmetric geological conditions and lacks real-time vibration monitoring and dynamic parameter adjustment mechanisms, easily leading to reduced construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method to solve the problem of poor control of blasting vibration wave propagation in the prior art.

[0008] This invention utilizes the weakening effect of the filling material on blasting vibration waves, combined with pre-splitting blasting technology, to control the propagation path of the blasting vibration waves. Simultaneously, during production, a hole-by-hole initiation technique is employed to optimize the blasting network and reduce the maximum single-shot explosive charge, effectively controlling the peak velocity of the blasting vibration waves. In this way, through multi-scale and comprehensive methods, blasting vibration waves are controlled, reducing the amplitude of blasting vibrations and mitigating the damage caused by blasting vibrations to protected objects and surface structures.

[0009] A multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] S1, Filling body barrier: regional filling body barrier that constructs the propagation path of blasting vibration waves;

[0011] S2, Pre-splitting hole formation: Pre-splitting holes are constructed on the sidewalls of the mining area. During each production blasting, the corresponding pre-splitting holes in the same section are detonated first to form pre-cracks in advance.

[0012] S3, segmented detonation hole: the main detonation hole is detonated segment by segment.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the filling body barrier is a mining method for the same horizontal ore body during underground mining. The mining prioritizes the outermost stope along the ore body's plane contour line. During the mining process, the goaf needs to be filled in a timely manner. After the mining and filling are completed, the filling body will form a ring-shaped isolation zone surrounding the entire middle section. When the ore body within the ring-shaped isolation zone is mined and blasted, the vibration reduction efficiency of the filling body can be fully utilized. By prioritizing the mining of the outer stope along the ore body's contour line and filling it to form a ring-shaped isolation zone, a three-dimensional vibration reduction barrier is constructed. The ring structure allows the filling body to surround the middle section ore body from all sides. During blasting, the vibration waves are continuously absorbed and attenuated by the filling body along the propagation path, effectively reducing the vibration impact on the outer area of ​​the middle section. At the same time, timely filling of the goaf ensures the continuity and integrity of the isolation zone, avoiding the secondary vibration problem caused by goaf collapse in traditional mining. This not only ensures the safety of blasting operations but also improves the stability of the filling body's vibration reduction efficiency, achieving full-process vibration control from the blast source to the propagation path.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, when both sides of the stope are rock masses, densely packed pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the stope, and the external holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes; when only one side of the stope is rock masses, densely packed pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the rock mass of the stope, and the external holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes; when both sides of the stope are filled bodies, no pre-splitting holes need to be arranged. Precise vibration reduction is achieved through a differentiated pre-splitting hole arrangement strategy based on geological conditions. Densely packed pre-splitting holes in the rock mass areas on both sides form a double-sided pre-splitting barrier, enhancing the vibration wave blocking effect. In the rock mass areas on one side, densely packed holes are only arranged on the rock mass side, avoiding ineffective construction and optimizing costs. Pre-splitting holes are not arranged in the filled body areas on both sides, reducing redundant operations. This dynamically adaptable arrangement method to geological conditions ensures the quality of pre-splitting formation to maximize vibration reduction efficiency, and improves work efficiency by avoiding ineffective construction, achieving a dual optimization of vibration reduction effect and engineering economy.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the blasting is initiated using digital electronic detonators. The pre-splitting boreholes are prioritized for detonation, and each row or column of pre-splitting boreholes is detonated in the same segment. The detonation time interval between rows or columns of pre-splitting boreholes is 15-25 ms, and the time interval between the last detonated pre-splitting borehole and the main blast hole is more than 100 ms. This time interval is used to allow the sidewall of the mining area to form a pre-crack of a certain length. By precisely controlling the detonation sequence of the pre-splitting boreholes with digital electronic detonators, multiple technical optimizations are achieved. The simultaneous detonation of each row / column of pre-splitting boreholes forms a continuous pre-crack surface. The 15-25 ms interval between rows / columns ensures that the pre-cracks gradually expand and avoid energy superposition. The more than 100 ms interval between the main pre-splitting boreholes ensures that the pre-cracks are fully formed before the main blast is carried out. This makes the pre-crack formation more complete and continuous, significantly improving the blocking effect on blasting vibration waves. At the same time, it avoids the release of ineffective energy through precise timing control, which not only ensures the maximization of vibration reduction effect, but also improves the safety and reliability of blasting operations, achieving fine control from detonation timing to vibration reduction effect.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the main blasting holes are detonated using digital electronic detonators with strictly set detonation times. Setting the detonation time allows the electronic detonators to precisely delay detonation. Based on the arrangement of the blasting holes in the stope, priority is given to detonating the main blasting holes with more free face and more compensation space. The main blasting holes are detonated in single stages, starting detonation at least 100ms after the pre-splitting blasting holes are detonated. The interval between the main blasting holes is 15ms to 25ms. The digital electronic detonators achieve millisecond-level precise control of the main blasting hole detonation sequence. Prioritizing the detonation of main blasting holes with sufficient free face improves the utilization rate of blasting energy. Single-stage detonation combined with a 15-25ms interval between holes disperses blasting energy to avoid vibration superposition. The pre-splitting-main blasting interval of over 100ms ensures that the pre-splitting cracks fully form to create an effective barrier. This reduces the peak blasting vibration by more than 30%, and simultaneously improves blasting efficiency by 20% through precise energy release control, achieving synergistic optimization of vibration reduction, blasting efficiency, and operational safety.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, when the main blast holes are detonated, the detonation sequence of the main blast holes in the same row is prioritized over the main blast holes in the middle part of the stope, and the main blast holes closer to the filling body are detonated last. By optimizing the detonation sequence of the main blast holes, the priority detonation of the main blast holes in the same row forms a continuous blasting surface to improve energy release efficiency. The middle area is detonated secondarily to avoid the superposition of vibrations in the central area, and the side closer to the filling body is detonated last to reduce the direct damage of the blasting impact to the filling body structure. This ensures the integrity of the filling body barrier structure to maintain long-term vibration reduction performance, and also achieves gradient attenuation control of the blasting vibration wave through regional sequential detonation, significantly reducing the vibration impact on the surrounding area while improving blasting efficiency.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the backfilling uses a slag-clinker-free composite binder material instead of the traditionally used cement. A layered backfilling process is introduced into the construction of the annular isolation zone. The bottom layer of the layered backfilling process uses a high-concentration backfill material to form a rigid skeleton, while the upper layer uses a low-concentration backfill material to form a buffer layer. By replacing traditional cement with a slag-clinker-free composite binder material, industrial solid waste is utilized, reducing material costs and carbon emissions. Furthermore, the layered backfilling process innovatively constructs a double-layer structure of a rigid skeleton and a buffer layer. The bottom high-concentration backfill material forms an impact-resistant skeleton to support the goaf, while the upper low-concentration backfill material forms a vibration-absorbing layer to attenuate blast waves. This ensures the structural stability of the annular isolation zone and improves vibration reduction efficiency through material-process synergistic optimization.

[0019] As a further improvement of this invention, the initiation employs an intelligent initiation algorithm based on the free surface state. This algorithm automatically adjusts the initiation sequence according to the real-time monitored free surface dimensions and compensation space. The intelligent initiation algorithm uses a center-first strategy in the central area of ​​the stope and an edge-decreasing strategy near the filling material. By dynamically optimizing the initiation sequence through real-time monitoring of the free surface state, the center-first strategy prioritizes blasting in the central area of ​​the stope to form a stable free surface, improving energy release efficiency. The edge-decreasing strategy reduces the amount of explosive charge near the filling material, minimizing direct damage to the filling structure from the blasting impact. The real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment functions ensure that the blasting sequence accurately adapts to site conditions, guaranteeing both a reduction in peak blasting vibration and maintaining long-term vibration reduction performance by protecting the integrity of the filling material, forming an intelligent control closed loop from blast source control to structural protection.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the annular isolation zone employs a gradient filling material ratio technology. This gradient filling material ratio technology adjusts the particle size distribution and binder ratio of the filling material according to the vibration wave attenuation requirements of different areas of the ore body. Areas near the vibration source of the mining area use 60% coarse aggregate and high-strength binder, while areas far from the vibration source use 40% fine aggregate and low-viscosity binder. By dynamically adjusting the material parameters according to the vibration wave attenuation requirements, the combination of coarse aggregate and high-strength binder near the vibration source forms a high-damping vibration reduction layer that effectively absorbs blasting impact energy. The combination of fine aggregate and low-viscosity binder in areas far from the vibration source ensures basic support while reducing material costs and construction difficulty. Through the synergistic ratio of particle size and binder, a gradient vibration reduction structure is formed from the blast source to the periphery, improving overall vibration reduction efficiency and achieving efficient resource utilization through material zoning adaptation, forming a high-damping, low-energy-consumption gradient vibration reduction system.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. A technological breakthrough is achieved through multi-scale characteristics, effectively solving the problems of insufficient vibration control at the blast source and inadequate propagation path isolation in existing technologies. Regional isolation is constructed using filling materials to weaken vibration wave propagation, and pre-splitting blasting technology is combined to create pre-cracks for further vibration isolation. A sequential, segment-by-splitting blasting method is adopted to precisely control the blasting sequence, optimizing the blasting network and reducing the amount of explosive charge per blast. Through multi-scale, all-round control methods, the peak velocity and amplitude of blasting vibration are significantly reduced, minimizing damage to surface structures while increasing the single blasting volume and production efficiency in the mining area. Under the premise of ensuring safe and efficient mining, no additional isolation measures are required, achieving a dual improvement in vibration reduction and production efficiency.

[0023] 2. By replacing cement with slag clinker-free composite binder, industrial solid waste is utilized for resource recovery. A layered filling process is used to form a double-layer structure of rigid skeleton and buffer layer. Combined with gradient material ratio technology, vibration reduction performance is precisely matched with regional needs, thereby significantly improving vibration reduction effect.

[0024] 3. By differentiating the pre-crack holes according to the properties of the medium, and combining them with digital electronic detonators, the detonation sequence can be precisely controlled, ensuring continuous formation of pre-cracks and maximizing vibration reduction efficiency, thereby improving construction adaptability.

[0025] 4. The single-stage, sequential detonation mode is adopted to disperse the blasting energy. Combined with the intelligent algorithm of free surface state, the detonation sequence is dynamically adjusted, and the main blasting holes with sufficient free surface are detonated first. This achieves adaptive matching between the detonation strategy and the working conditions, thereby effectively reducing the peak value of blasting vibration.

[0026] 5. By employing a strategy of final detonation and edge reduction, the damage to the filling material caused by the blast impact is reduced, thereby protecting the integrity of the filling barrier structure, ensuring the long-term stable performance of the vibration damping system, and improving overall reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the area filling barrier of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the borehole arrangement of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the borehole detonation sequence described in this invention.

[0032] In the figure: (a) the arrangement of blast holes when both sides of the stope are ore and rock; (b) the arrangement of blast holes when one side of the stope is filled and the other side is ore and rock; (c) the arrangement of blast holes when both sides of the stope are filled; (d) the detonation sequence of blast holes when both sides of the stope are ore and rock; (e) the detonation sequence of blast holes when one side of the stope is filled and the other side is ore and rock. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] A multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0035] S1, Backfill Body Barrier: This involves creating a regional backfill body barrier to prevent the propagation of blasting vibration waves. Backfill body barrier is a mining method used in underground mining operations for ore bodies at the same horizontal level. Mining prioritizes the outermost stope along the ore body's horizontal contour line. During mining, the goaf needs to be backfilled promptly. After mining and backfilling, the backfill body forms a ring-shaped isolation zone surrounding the entire central section. During blasting of the ore body within the ring-shaped isolation zone, the vibration reduction efficiency of the backfill body is fully utilized. The backfill uses a slag-clinker-free composite binder instead of traditional cement. A layered backfilling process is introduced in the construction of the ring-shaped isolation zone. The bottom layer of the layered backfill uses a high-concentration backfill body to form a rigid framework, while the upper layer uses a low-concentration backfill body to form a buffer layer. The ring-shaped isolation zone adopts a gradient filling material ratio technology. The gradient filling material ratio technology adjusts the particle size distribution and cementitious agent ratio of the filling material according to the vibration wave attenuation requirements of different areas of the ore body. The area close to the vibration source of the mining area uses 60% coarse aggregate and high-strength cementitious agent, while the area far away from the vibration source of the mining area uses 40% fine aggregate and low-viscosity cementitious agent.

[0036] Using the filling barrier process as a comparison, the advantages of the present invention compared to the prior art are analyzed in detail, and the specific comparison table is as follows:

[0037] Table 1 Comparison of Barrier Technologies for Fillers

[0038]

[0039] Based on Table 1 above, it can be concluded that the filling body barrier technology of this invention achieves comprehensive optimization and upgrading from materials, structure to proportions compared to existing technologies. Replacing traditional cement with slag-based clinker-free composite binder reduces costs and enables the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, balancing economic efficiency and environmental protection. Simultaneously, the layered filling process constructs a composite structure of a rigid skeleton and a buffer layer, breaking the limitations of the single performance of existing filling bodies. It possesses both rigid support for goaf areas and flexible buffering of blasting vibrations, achieving dual effectiveness in vibration reduction and support. Furthermore, the innovative gradient proportioning strategy precisely adjusts the aggregate particle size and binder ratio according to the vibration attenuation requirements of different areas of the ore body, ensuring a precise match between vibration reduction performance and actual needs. Constructing a ring-shaped isolation zone surrounding the entire middle section, compared to the limited range of filling barrier in existing technologies, achieves full-area physical interception of the blasting vibration wave propagation path, significantly expanding the vibration reduction range.

[0040] S2, Pre-splitting Hole Formation: Pre-splitting holes are constructed on the sidewalls of the stope. During each production blast, the corresponding pre-splitting holes in the same section are detonated first to form pre-cracks in advance. When both sides of the stope are rock masses, densely packed pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sidewalls of the stope, and the outer holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes. When only one side of the stope is rock masses, densely packed pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sidewalls of the rock mass of the stope, and the outer holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes. When both sides of the stope are filled bodies, no pre-splitting holes are required. Blasting is initiated using digital electronic detonators. Pre-splitting blast holes must be detonated first. Each row or column of pre-splitting blast holes is set to be detonated in the same section. The detonation time interval between rows or columns of pre-splitting blast holes is 15~25ms. The time interval between the last pre-splitting blast hole detonated and the main blast hole is more than 100ms. The time interval is used to form pre-cracks of a certain length on the sidewalls of the stope.

[0041] Using the pre-splitting hole formation process as a comparison, the advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are analyzed in detail, as shown in the following comparison table:

[0042] Table 2 Comparison Table

[0043]

[0044] Based on Table 2 above, it can be concluded that the pre-splitting hole formation process of this invention significantly improves the effectiveness and construction adaptability of pre-splitting vibration reduction through differentiated design and precise control. It abandons the drawbacks of the uniform layout in existing technologies, adjusting the pre-splitting hole layout according to the different properties of the medium on the sidewalls of the stope, avoiding ineffective construction, precisely adapting to different geological conditions, and improving construction efficiency. The use of digital electronic detonators instead of conventional detonators solves the problems of low delay accuracy and large timing control errors of traditional equipment, ensuring the accuracy of the detonation sequence from the equipment end. Furthermore, it standardizes the detonation of the same row / row and section, with a 15-25ms interval between rows / rows, ensuring continuous pre-splitting formation and forming a complete crack surface to cut off the vibration wave propagation path. Simultaneously, it sets an interval of ≥100ms between pre-splitting and main blasting, reserving sufficient time for formation and avoiding the problem of insufficient pre-splitting formation due to insufficient intervals in existing technologies, maximizing the pre-splitting vibration reduction efficiency.

[0045] S3, Segmented Detonation Holes: Main blasting holes are detonated segment by segment. Digital electronic detonators are used for precise, time-controlled detonation of the main blasting holes. This time setting allows for accurate delay detonation. Based on the layout of the blasting holes in the stope, priority is given to detonating the main blasting holes on the free face and those with more compensation space. Each main blasting hole is detonated in a single segment, starting at least 100ms after the pre-splitting blasting holes. The interval between main blasting holes is 15ms to 25ms. During main blasting, the detonation sequence of main blasting holes in the same row is prioritized over those in the middle of the stope, with those closer to the backfill body being detonated last. The detonation employs an intelligent detonation algorithm based on the free face state. This algorithm automatically adjusts the detonation sequence based on real-time monitoring of the free face size and compensation space. The intelligent detonation algorithm uses a center-first strategy in the middle area of ​​the stope and an edge-decreasing strategy near the backfill body.

[0046] Using the segmented detonation hole process as a comparison, the advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are analyzed in detail, as shown in the following comparison table:

[0047] Table 3 Comparison of Stage-by-Stage Detonation Hole Technology

[0048]

[0049] Based on Table 3 above, it can be concluded that the segmented detonation hole process of this invention reduces the superposition effect of blasting vibration from the source through mode optimization and intelligent control, while ensuring the overall process stability. By adopting single-segment, sequential detonation and controlling the interval between holes to 15-25ms, it replaces the existing method of simultaneous multi-segment detonation, effectively dispersing blasting energy and avoiding high-intensity vibration caused by the superposition of vibration waves. By prioritizing the detonation of free surfaces and blast holes with sufficient compensation space, it adapts to the site conditions, improves the efficiency of blasting energy release, and reduces vibration caused by ineffective impacts. Furthermore, it introduces an intelligent detonation algorithm based on the free surface state, breaking the limitations of traditional manual fixed planning. It can dynamically adjust the detonation sequence according to real-time monitoring data, achieving adaptive matching between the detonation strategy and the site conditions, making vibration reduction more intelligent and precise. Moreover, for the main blast holes near the filling body, a last-detonation and edge-decreasing strategy is adopted to reduce the damage of blasting impact to the filling body, ensure the integrity of the filling barrier structure, and solidify the foundation for long-term vibration reduction.

[0050] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a regional backfill barrier. In the process of underground mining using the backfill mining method, for the mining of the same horizontal ore body, the mining area is divided according to the ore body's extent. Along the ore body's planar outline, the outermost mining area is prioritized for mining, and the goaf is backfilled in a timely manner. After mining and backfilling are completed, the backfill can form a ring-shaped isolation zone surrounding the entire middle section. During the mining and blasting of the ore body mining area within the ring-shaped isolation zone, this isolation zone can fully utilize the vibration reduction effect of the backfill, playing a significant vibration reduction role and preventing blasting vibrations from having a significant impact on the external area.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, according to the mine production plan, the mining areas to be mined are divided into three types, and the arrangement of blast holes in the mining areas is as follows: When both sides of the mining area are rock masses, dense pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the mining area sidewalls, and the rest are main blast holes. The main blast holes are constructed as vertical holes as possible, and the ore body under the pillar is controlled by inclined holes; When one side of the mining area is rock masses, dense pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the rock masses of the mining area sidewalls, and the rest are main blast holes. The main blast holes are constructed as vertical holes as possible, and the ore body under the pillar is controlled by inclined holes; When both sides of the mining area are filled bodies, there is no need to arrange pre-splitting holes, the main blast holes are constructed as vertical holes as possible, and the ore body under the pillar is controlled by inclined holes.

[0052] Regarding the detonation sequence of various blast holes in the mining area, digital electronic detonators must be used for detonation during each blasting operation. Pre-splitting holes in the corresponding blasting area must be detonated first. Each row / section of pre-splitting holes should be detonated in the same segment. The detonation time of pre-splitting holes should be 15-25ms between rows. The time interval between the last detonated pre-splitting hole and the main blast hole should be more than 100ms to form a pre-crack of a certain length on the mining sidewall.

[0053] exist Figure 4 In this example, during the mining of each stope, digital electronic detonators must be used to strictly set the detonation time for the blast holes, ensuring precise delayed detonation. Based on the blast hole layout, priority should be given to detonating the free face and blast holes with more compensation space, with single-hole, single-stage detonation. The main blast holes should begin detonation at least 100ms after all pre-splitting holes have been detonated. The recommended detonation interval between main blast holes is 15ms to 25ms. When one or both sides of the stope are filled with material, the detonation sequence of the main blast holes in the same row should be as follows: first detonate the main blast holes on the free face in the middle area of ​​the stope with more compensation space, and then detonate the main blast holes closest to the filled material side last. The recommended interval between holes is 15ms to 25ms.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method, characterized in that, Specifically, the steps include the following: S1, Filling body barrier: regional filling body barrier that constructs the propagation path of blasting vibration waves; S2, Pre-splitting hole formation: Pre-splitting holes are constructed on the sidewalls of the mining area. During each production blasting, the corresponding pre-splitting holes in the same section are detonated first to form pre-cracks in advance. S3, segmented detonation hole: the main detonation hole is detonated segment by segment.

2. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the filling body barrier is a mining method for the same horizontal ore body during underground mining. The mining prioritizes the outermost stope of the ore body along the plane outline. During the mining process, the goaf needs to be filled in a timely manner. After the mining and filling are completed, the filling body will form a ring-shaped isolation zone surrounding the entire middle section. When the ore body in the ring-shaped isolation zone is mined and blasted, the vibration reduction effect of the filling body can be fully utilized.

3. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, when both sides of the stope are rock masses, dense pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the stope, and the outer holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes; when only one side of the stope is rock masses, dense pre-splitting blast holes are constructed on both sides of the rock masses of the stope, and the outer holes of the pre-splitting blast holes are all main blast holes; when both sides of the stope are filled bodies, there is no need to arrange pre-splitting holes.

4. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the blasting is initiated using digital electronic detonators. The pre-splitting blast holes are prioritized for detonation. Each row or column of pre-splitting blast holes is set to detonate in the same segment. The detonation time interval between rows or columns of pre-splitting blast holes is 15-25ms. The time interval between the last pre-splitting blast hole detonated and the main blast hole is more than 100ms. The time interval is used to form a pre-crack of a certain length on the sidewall of the mining area.

5. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the main blasting holes are detonated using digital electronic detonators with strictly set detonation times. Setting the detonation time allows the electronic detonators to detonate with precise delay. Based on the arrangement of the blasting holes in the stope, the main blasting holes with free faces and more compensation space are detonated first. The main blasting holes are detonated in single stages. The main blasting holes begin to detonate more than 100ms after the pre-splitting blasting holes are detonated. The interval between the main blasting holes is 15ms to 25ms.

6. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, when the main blast holes are detonated, the detonation sequence of the main blast holes in the same row takes priority over the main blast holes in the middle part of the mining area, and the main blast holes closer to the filling body are detonated last.

7. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The filling process uses slag clinker-free composite cementing material to replace the traditional cement. The construction of the ring-shaped isolation zone introduces a layered filling process. The bottom layer of the layered filling process uses a high-concentration filling material to form a rigid skeleton, and the upper layer of the layered filling process uses a low-concentration filling material to form a buffer layer.

8. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The detonation adopts an intelligent detonation algorithm based on the free surface state. The intelligent detonation algorithm automatically adjusts the detonation sequence according to the real-time monitored free surface size and compensation space. The intelligent detonation algorithm adopts a center-first strategy in the middle area of ​​the stope and an edge-decreasing strategy near the filling body.

9. The multi-scale blasting vibration reduction method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The annular isolation zone adopts a gradient filling material ratio technology. The gradient filling material ratio technology adjusts the particle size distribution and cementitious agent ratio of the filling material according to the vibration wave attenuation requirements of different areas of the ore body. The area close to the vibration source of the mining area uses 60% coarse aggregate and high-strength cementitious agent, while the area far away from the vibration source of the mining area uses 40% fine aggregate and low-viscosity cementitious agent.

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