Automatic positioning and direction finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic positioning and direction finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission. The method comprises the following steps: S1, device composition and deployment; s2, parasitic power supply; s3, multi-source data collaborative acquisition; s4, data preprocessing and precision optimization; s5, cloud-edge cooperative positioning calculation is carried out; s6, AISG interface time division multiplexing transmission is carried out; s7, data automatic application and abnormity alarm are carried out; according to the invention, the device can be quickly attached and fixed to the base station antenna backboard without modifying the antenna through the flexible housing by using the viscous structure; the LDO voltage stabilization module multiplexes an RRU interface and is matched with a super capacitor to prevent power failure, data is subjected to temperature drift compensation and Kalman filtering to improve the direction finding precision, RTK calculation of CORS data is combined to guarantee accurate positioning, and multiple modules cooperate to stably output the data; the AISG time division multiplexing link does not affect the original function of the antenna, data is in seamless connection with a base station system, automatic input and abnormal alarm are achieved, and automatic operation and maintenance are adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile communication base station operation and maintenance technology, specifically to an automatic positioning and direction finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission. Background Technology

[0002] As the coverage of mobile communication networks continues to expand, the accuracy of the azimuth, downtilt angle, and installation position of base station antennas, as core components for network signal transmission and reception, directly determines the signal coverage quality of the area. To ensure stable network operation, base station maintenance requires routine monitoring of these antenna parameters. While existing technologies include devices for base station antennas, these devices still need optimization to meet the specific needs of the actual operating scenarios of base stations in terms of deployment adaptability, operational stability, and compatibility with maintenance systems.

[0003] In actual deployment scenarios of base station antennas, there are significant differences in the backplane shape of base station antennas from different manufacturers and models. Traditional base station antenna devices mostly adopt rigid shell structures, which often require modification operations such as drilling holes and adding brackets during installation. This not only increases deployment time but may also damage the original structure of the antenna. At the same time, the fit between rigid devices and antenna backplanes is poor, and some devices, due to their large size or thickness, may block the signal radiation path of the antenna, affecting the normal communication function of the base station and making it difficult to adapt to the integrated deployment requirements of multi-form antennas.

[0004] Base station antennas are mostly located in complex outdoor operating environments. Traditional devices often rely on independent power modules for power supply, requiring additional wiring connections. In outdoor base station scenarios such as mountainous areas and suburbs, wiring is difficult and susceptible to environmental interference. Although some devices attempt to reuse the base station's power supply interface, they are not equipped with backup power supply components. When the base station RRU restarts, the device is prone to power outages, leading to interruptions in data acquisition. In addition, the output data of the device's built-in IMU is susceptible to zero-bias errors caused by ambient temperature. Traditional processing methods do not accurately compensate for this error, and the fusion algorithm for direction-finding data lacks precision, resulting in large deviations in direction-finding results and an inability to stably output reliable monitoring parameters.

[0005] In the existing base station operation and maintenance system, the RRU and the antenna-built RCU use a dedicated link to achieve core functions such as electrical downtilt adjustment. The communication link of traditional devices has poor compatibility with this existing link. Direct access can easily occupy the original link resources, causing the electrical downtilt adjustment function of the RCU to malfunction. At the same time, the data format output by the device is not compatible with the base station asset management system and operation and maintenance management system. Additional data conversion equipment is required to complete data interaction, which not only increases the operation and maintenance cost, but also reduces the real-time performance of data transmission. It is difficult to achieve automatic data storage and timely alarm of anomalies, and cannot meet the high-efficiency requirements of automated base station operation and maintenance.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic positioning and orientation finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic positioning and direction finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. These problems include poor adaptability of the rigid structure of traditional devices, the need to modify the base station antenna during deployment, low fit with the antenna backplane, easy signal blockage affecting normal base station communication, reliance on independent modules for power supply or high wiring difficulty, easy power failure during RRU restart leading to interruption of data acquisition, inaccurate compensation for IMU temperature drift error, insufficient accuracy of data fusion and positioning calculation, resulting in low reliability of direction finding and positioning parameters, poor compatibility between the device communication link and the original RRU-RCU link of the base station, easy to affect the electrical downtilt adjustment function, and insufficient compatibility of data format with base station asset management and operation and maintenance systems, requiring additional conversion equipment, which increases operation and maintenance costs and reduces data real-time performance, and fails to achieve automatic data storage and timely alarm of anomalies.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] Firstly, an automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Device Composition and Deployment: The device includes an IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, MCU main control module, LDO voltage regulator module, and AISG communication module, all integrated and installed on the back panel of the base station antenna. The conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna of the GNSS positioning module is pasted and fixed along the centerline of the back panel of the base station antenna, so that the arrow of the device points to the front of the antenna. The parameter reference values ​​of each component in the device are set through the factory calibration mechanism.

[0011] S2: Parasitic power supply: Insert the device's 8-pin male connector into the RRU power adjustment port located near the base station antenna, and at the same time connect the original feed line of the base station antenna's built-in RCU to the device's 8-pin female connector; obtain 13V power through the free PIN2 pin of the RRU power adjustment port to power each module of the device.

[0012] S3: Multi-source data collaborative acquisition: After being powered by S2, the device collects antenna azimuth angle change, antenna tilt data, ambient temperature data, and positioning raw data to form a multi-dimensional raw data source;

[0013] S4: Data Preprocessing and Accuracy Optimization: The MCU main control module receives the multi-dimensional raw data collected by S3. First, it uses a third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation algorithm to correct the zero bias error of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and three-axis MEMS accelerometer in the IMU based on the ambient temperature data. Then, it uses a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse the azimuth angle change of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and the tilt data of the three-axis MEMS accelerometer. Finally, it outputs direction-finding data including azimuth angle and tilt angle.

[0014] S5: Cloud-Edge Collaborative Positioning Calculation: The GNSS positioning module first receives the correction data sent by the CORS network, then performs error correction on the original positioning data collected in S3 and the correction data, and then calculates the error-corrected positioning data to output the processed positioning data.

[0015] S6: AISG interface time-division multiplexing transmission: Under normal circumstances, the AISG communication module maintains a direct link between the RRU and RCU. When an RRU command is received, it switches to the communication link between the device and the RRU. The MCU main control module integrates the direction finding data output by S4 and the processed positioning data output by S5, encapsulates them into an AISG protocol frame, and transmits them back to the RRU through the switched link. After the transmission is completed, the analog switch immediately restores the original link between the RRU and RCU.

[0016] S7: Automatic Data Application and Anomaly Alarm: The RRU transmits the AISG protocol frames received by the S6 to the backend network management system. The network management system extracts the data and automatically writes it into the base station asset management system. The backend system compares the extracted current parameters with the factory calibration reference values ​​of the S1 device in real time. When an anomaly is detected, an alarm work order is automatically triggered and pushed to the operation and maintenance management system.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S1, the components of the device are specifically as follows:

[0018] IMU: Includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope for acquiring azimuth angle changes and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer for acquiring tilt data;

[0019] Temperature sensor: An NTC temperature sensor for collecting ambient temperature;

[0020] GNSS positioning module: Composed of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit, used to receive satellite signals and output positioning data;

[0021] MCU main control module: a microprocessor used for data processing and storage;

[0022] LDO voltage regulator module: Its input terminal is connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU E-regulator port through the device's 8-pin male connector, and the output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module;

[0023] AISG communication module: integrates AISG protocol processor, responsible for maintaining direct communication between RRU and RCU under normal circumstances, switching communication links and transmitting data back after receiving instructions;

[0024] The above components are installed on a flexible shell with an adhesive structure on the back, so that the device can be attached to the back panel of the base station antenna. A 1mm polyurethane foam isolation layer is reserved on the side of the conformal dual-band GNSS antenna that is attached to the base station antenna to avoid mismatch of the metal panel.

[0025] Each component in the device must undergo a factory calibration process before leaving the factory.

[0026] The first step is to fix the device on the angle calibration platform, set the azimuth angle of the calibration platform to 0° and the downtilt angle to 0°, collect the sensor output values ​​at different temperatures, and fit the data to obtain the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation coefficient: ,in For ambient temperature, These are the fitting coefficients;

[0027] The second step is to place the device in the GNSS calibration field and record the longitude of the calibration field. ,latitude Elevation The azimuth reference of the synchronous recording device at this time Downtilt Angle Reference ;

[0028] Finally, these coefficients and reference values ​​are written into the Flash memory of the MCU main control module.

[0029] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the device needs to undergo power conversion and voltage regulation when obtaining power:

[0030] First, the RRU power regulator outputs a 13V DC voltage. The input is to an LDO voltage regulator module, which then converts the voltage through a voltage divider circuit. ,in , It is an LDO voltage divider resistor.

[0031] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the multi-dimensional original data source includes:

[0032] Raw value of azimuth angle change acquired by a three-axis MEMS gyroscope ;

[0033] Raw values ​​of antenna tilt data acquired by three-axis MEMS acceleration. ;

[0034] Ambient temperature data collected by temperature sensor ;

[0035] Raw pseudorange values ​​acquired by conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna Carrier phase original value .

[0036] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, the zero-bias error correction of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and the three-axis MEMS accelerometer includes the following steps:

[0037] First, set the temperature Substituting the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation formula, calculate the sensor bias at the current temperature: ;

[0038] Then use this zero bias to correct the original data:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] in, This is the amount of change in the corrected direction angle. The corrected x-axis acceleration component;

[0042] Then The final output, fused using the Kalman filter algorithm, includes the azimuth angle. and downhill angle Direction finding data:

[0043] First, construct the state equation for the Kalman filter:

[0044]

[0045] in, The azimuth angle at the previous moment, with an initial value of ; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This is process noise;

[0046] Next, the observation equation is constructed, and the prediction and update steps are performed:

[0047]

[0048] in, , For the observed values, , To detect noise, output optimal direction-finding data. .

[0049] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S5, the correction data sent by the CORS network includes satellite clock bias. Track error Compare it with the original pseudorange value Substitute the error correction formula to eliminate satellite-side system errors:

[0050]

[0051] Satellite error data is provided through the CORS network to correct the system bias of the raw GNSS pseudorange and output the corrected pseudorange. .

[0052] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the corrected pseudorange Satellite coordinates provided by satellite ephemeris First, substitute the values ​​into the RTK carrier phase differential formula to calculate the antenna's geocentric and ground-fixed coordinates. :

[0053]

[0054] in, At the speed of light, For receiver clock bias;

[0055] Then convert the geocentric coordinates to geodetic coordinates:

[0056]

[0057] in, The radius of the Earth's equator; Location data: longitude ,latitude Elevation .

[0058] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S6, the data integrated by the MCU main control module includes: First, the direction finding data With location data The protocol frame is encapsulated into a 32-byte frame according to the AISGv2.0 protocol format, with a 2-byte frame header, a 28-byte data segment, and a 2-byte checksum. The protocol frame is then transmitted back to the RRU through the switched link, and the RRU and RCU link is restored after the transmission is completed.

[0059] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S7, the backend network management system uses a dedicated parsing module to extract the AISG protocol format. The binary protocol frames are converted into applicable structured data and written into the structured database of the base station asset management system.

[0060] The detection mechanism for abnormal alarms is as follows:

[0061] Will and Substituting into the anomaly detection formula, an alarm is triggered when any one of the following conditions is met:

[0062]

[0063] By using the deviation threshold between real-time data and the factory baseline value, the system determines whether the antenna status is abnormal and pushes an alarm work order to the operation and maintenance system.

[0064] Secondly, an automatic device based on AISG interface transmission is provided, including a flexible housing, and an IMU, a temperature sensor, a GNSS positioning module, an MCU main control module, an LDO voltage regulator module and an AISG communication module mounted thereon.

[0065] The flexible shell has a thickness of ≤1.5mm and a weight of ≤25g, and has an adhesive structure on its back.

[0066] The IMU includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer; the three-axis MEMS gyroscope has a range of ±250° / s and a sampling frequency of 100Hz; the three-axis MEMS accelerometer has a range of ±2g and a sampling frequency of 100Hz.

[0067] The temperature sensor is an NTC type with a sampling frequency of 1Hz.

[0068] The GNSS positioning module supports GPS L1+L5 and BeiDou B1I+B2a frequency bands, with a sampling frequency of 1Hz. It consists of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit.

[0069] The MCU main control module is an STM32F407 microprocessor, which is electrically connected to the IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, and AISG communication module respectively; it also has a built-in Flash memory for storing the factory-calibrated compensation coefficients and parameter reference values.

[0070] The LDO voltage regulator module has its input terminal connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU E-regulator port through the device's 8-pin male connector. Its output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module, and it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to ensure that the device does not lose power when the RRU restarts.

[0071] The AISG communication module is an AISGv2.0 / v3.0 protocol communication module.

[0072] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this automatic positioning and orientation finding method and device based on AISG interface transmission are:

[0073] The flexible shell structure design enables efficient adaptation and deployment of the device and the base station antenna. The adhesive structure on the back of the flexible shell allows the device to fit tightly against the back plate of the base station antenna, which can quickly complete the integrated fixation of the device and the base station antenna without modifying the original structure of the base station antenna. It is suitable for installation scenarios of base station antennas of different shapes. At the same time, the thin and light characteristics of the flexible shell will not affect the normal signal radiation of the base station antenna, ensuring that the original communication function of the base station is not interfered with.

[0074] The device achieves stable and reliable operation of positioning and direction finding by relying on a multi-module collaborative technology mechanism. It adopts an LDO voltage regulator module, which obtains a 13V input voltage through the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU ESC port and converts it into a stable 3.3V voltage, eliminating the need for an additional independent power supply module. At the same time, the supercapacitor ensures continuous power supply to the device when the RRU restarts, avoiding data acquisition interruption. The multi-source raw data collected by the IMU is corrected for sensor zero bias error by the MCU main control module through a third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation algorithm, and then the optimal estimates of azimuth and downtilt angle are obtained by Kalman filtering data fusion, which effectively improves the accuracy of direction finding data. The GNSS positioning module, combined with the correction data sent by the CORS network, performs error correction and positioning calculation through the RTK engine to ensure the accuracy of positioning data. The collaboration of multiple technologies ensures that the device can stably output reliable direction finding and positioning data in complex base station environments.

[0075] The AISG interface time-division multiplexing transmission design adapts to the existing base station operation and maintenance system. Under normal circumstances, the AISG communication module maintains a direct link between the RRU and RCU. It only switches to the communication link between the device and the RRU when receiving instructions from the RRU. The integrated direction finding data and positioning data are encapsulated into a 32-byte AISG protocol frame and transmitted back. After the transmission is completed, the original link is restored immediately without affecting the base station's original electrical downtilt adjustment function. The factory calibration compensation coefficients and parameter reference values ​​stored in the Flash memory of the MCU main control module can directly provide a reference for the abnormal judgment of the background network management system. This enables the data collected by the device to be seamlessly connected to the base station asset management system and operation and maintenance management system, adapting to the application requirements of automated operation and maintenance of the base station, and realizing the automatic application of positioning and direction finding data and timely alarm of abnormalities. Attached Figure Description

[0076] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0077] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] Please see the appendix Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment 1: an automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission, comprising the following steps:

[0079] S1: Device Composition and Deployment: The device includes an IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, MCU main control module, LDO voltage regulator module, and AISG communication module, all integrated and installed on the back panel of the base station antenna. The conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna of the GNSS positioning module is pasted and fixed along the center line of the back panel of the base station antenna, so that the arrow of the device points to the front of the antenna. The parameter reference values ​​of each component in the device are set through the factory calibration mechanism.

[0080] The specific components of the device are as follows:

[0081] IMU: Includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope for acquiring azimuth angle changes and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer for acquiring tilt data;

[0082] Temperature sensor: An NTC temperature sensor for collecting ambient temperature;

[0083] GNSS positioning module: Composed of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit, used to receive satellite signals and output positioning data;

[0084] MCU main control module: a microprocessor used for data processing and storage;

[0085] LDO voltage regulator module: Its input terminal is connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU E-regulator port through the device's 8-pin male connector, and the output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module;

[0086] AISG communication module: integrates AISG protocol processor, responsible for maintaining direct communication between RRU and RCU under normal circumstances, switching communication links and transmitting data back after receiving instructions;

[0087] The above components are installed on a flexible shell with an adhesive structure on the back, so that the device can be attached to the back panel of the base station antenna. A 1mm polyurethane foam isolation layer is reserved on the side of the conformal dual-band GNSS antenna that is attached to the base station antenna to avoid mismatch of the metal panel.

[0088] Each component in the device must undergo a factory calibration process before leaving the factory.

[0089] The first step is to fix the device on the angle calibration platform, set the azimuth angle of the calibration platform to 0° and the downtilt angle to 0°, collect the sensor output values ​​at different temperatures, and fit the data to obtain the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation coefficient: ,in For ambient temperature, These are the fitting coefficients;

[0090] The second step is to place the device in the GNSS calibration field and record the longitude of the calibration field. ,latitude Elevation The azimuth reference of the synchronous recording device at this time Downtilt Angle Reference ;

[0091] Finally, these coefficients and reference values ​​are written into the Flash memory of the MCU main control module;

[0092] S2: Parasitic power supply: Insert the device's 8-pin male connector into the RRU power adjustment port located near the base station antenna, and at the same time connect the original feed line of the base station antenna's built-in RCU to the device's 8-pin female connector; obtain 13V power through the free PIN2 pin of the RRU power adjustment port to power each module of the device.

[0093] The device needs to undergo power conversion and voltage regulation to obtain power:

[0094] First, the RRU power regulator outputs a 13V DC voltage. The input is to an LDO voltage regulator module, which then converts the voltage through a voltage divider circuit. ,in , For LDO voltage divider resistors;

[0095] S3: Multi-source data collaborative acquisition: After being powered by S2, the device collects antenna azimuth angle change, antenna tilt data, ambient temperature data, and positioning raw data to form a multi-dimensional raw data source;

[0096] Multi-dimensional raw data sources include:

[0097] Raw value of azimuth angle change acquired by a three-axis MEMS gyroscope ;

[0098] Raw values ​​of antenna tilt data acquired by three-axis MEMS acceleration. ;

[0099] Ambient temperature data collected by temperature sensor ;

[0100] Raw pseudorange values ​​acquired by conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna Carrier phase original value ;

[0101] S4: Data Preprocessing and Accuracy Optimization: The MCU main control module receives the multi-dimensional raw data collected by S3. First, it uses a third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation algorithm to correct the zero bias error of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and three-axis MEMS accelerometer in the IMU based on the ambient temperature data. Then, it uses a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse the azimuth angle change of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and the tilt data of the three-axis MEMS accelerometer. Finally, it outputs direction-finding data including azimuth angle and tilt angle.

[0102] The zero-bias error correction of triaxial MEMS gyroscopes and triaxial MEMS accelerometers includes the following steps:

[0103] First, set the temperature Substituting the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation formula, calculate the sensor bias at the current temperature: ;

[0104] Then use this zero bias to correct the original data:

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] in, This is the amount of change in the corrected direction angle. The corrected x-axis acceleration component;

[0108] Then The final output, fused using the Kalman filter algorithm, includes the azimuth angle. and downhill angle Direction finding data:

[0109] First, construct the state equation for the Kalman filter:

[0110]

[0111] in, The azimuth angle at the previous moment, with an initial value of ; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This is process noise;

[0112] Next, the observation equation is constructed, and the prediction and update steps are performed:

[0113]

[0114] in, , For the observed values, , To detect noise, output optimal direction-finding data. ;

[0115] S5: Cloud-Edge Collaborative Positioning and Calculation: The GNSS positioning module first receives the correction data sent by the CORS network, then performs error correction on the original positioning data and correction data collected by S3, and then calculates the error-corrected positioning data to output the processed positioning data.

[0116] Correction data distributed by the CORS network includes satellite clock bias. Track error Compare it with the original pseudorange value Substitute the error correction formula to eliminate satellite-side system errors:

[0117]

[0118] Satellite error data is provided through the CORS network to correct the system bias of the raw GNSS pseudorange and output the corrected pseudorange. ;

[0119] Corrected pseudorange Satellite coordinates provided by satellite ephemeris First, substitute the values ​​into the RTK carrier phase differential formula to calculate the antenna's geocentric and ground-fixed coordinates. :

[0120]

[0121] in, At the speed of light, For receiver clock bias;

[0122] Then convert the geocentric coordinates to geodetic coordinates:

[0123]

[0124] in, The radius of the Earth's equator; Location data: longitude ,latitude Elevation ;

[0125] S6: AISG interface time-division multiplexing transmission: Under normal circumstances, the AISG communication module maintains a direct link between the RRU and RCU. When an RRU command is received, it switches to the communication link between the device and the RRU. The MCU main control module integrates the direction finding data output by S4 and the processed positioning data output by S5, encapsulates them into an AISG protocol frame, and transmits them back to the RRU through the switched link. After the transmission is completed, the analog switch immediately restores the original link between the RRU and RCU.

[0126] The data integrated by the MCU main control module includes: First, the direction finding data With location data The protocol frame is encapsulated into a 32-byte frame according to the AISGv2.0 protocol format, with a 2-byte frame header, a 28-byte data segment, and a 2-byte checksum. The protocol frame is then transmitted back to the RRU through the switched link. After the transmission is completed, the link between the RRU and RCU is restored.

[0127] S7: Automatic data application and anomaly alarm: The RRU transmits the AISG protocol frames received by the S6 to the backend network management system. The network management system extracts the data and automatically writes it into the base station asset management system. The backend system compares the extracted current parameters with the reference values ​​calibrated by the S1 device at the factory in real time. When an anomaly is detected, an alarm work order is automatically triggered and pushed to the operation and maintenance management system.

[0128] The backend network administrator uses a dedicated parsing module to match and extract the AISG protocol format. The binary protocol frames are converted into applicable structured data and written into the structured database of the base station asset management system.

[0129] The detection mechanism for abnormal alarms is as follows:

[0130] Will and Substituting into the anomaly detection formula, an alarm is triggered when any one of the following conditions is met:

[0131]

[0132] By using the deviation threshold between real-time data and the factory baseline value, the system determines whether the antenna status is abnormal and pushes an alarm work order to the operation and maintenance system.

[0133] The present invention provides an embodiment 2: an automatic device based on AISG interface transmission, including a flexible housing, and an IMU, a temperature sensor, a GNSS positioning module, an MCU main control module, an LDO voltage regulator module and an AISG communication module mounted thereon;

[0134] The flexible shell has a thickness of ≤1.5mm and a weight of ≤25g, and has an adhesive structure on its back.

[0135] The IMU includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer; the three-axis MEMS gyroscope has a range of [missing information]. The sampling frequency is 100Hz; the triaxial MEMS accelerometer range is ±2g, and the sampling frequency is 100Hz.

[0136] The temperature sensor is an NTC type with a sampling frequency of 1Hz;

[0137] The GNSS positioning module supports GPS L1+L5 and BeiDou B1I+B2a frequency bands, with a sampling frequency of 1Hz. It consists of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit.

[0138] The MCU main control module is an STM32F407 microprocessor, which is electrically connected to the IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, and AISG communication module respectively; it also has a built-in Flash memory to store the factory-calibrated compensation coefficients and parameter reference values.

[0139] The LDO voltage regulator module has its input terminal connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU ESC port through the device's 8-pin male connector. The output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module, and it is connected in parallel with a supercapacitor to ensure that the device does not lose power when the RRU restarts.

[0140] The AISG communication module is an AISGv2.0 / v3.0 protocol communication module.

[0141] The present invention provides an embodiment 3: This embodiment is applied to the antenna operation and maintenance scenario of a 5G base station in a suburban area. The base station is equipped with a 3-sector base station antenna, which needs to achieve accurate monitoring of antenna azimuth angle, downtilt angle and installation position, while reducing operation and maintenance time and cost.

[0142] Previously, operators used existing technologies for operation and maintenance: monitoring antenna parameters manually with handheld GPS devices, with an angle accuracy of only 1°-2° and a coordinate accuracy of 3-5m; monitoring and installation of each sector antenna took 30 minutes, with a labor cost of 500 yuan per site and a hardware cost of 800 yuan for the matching GPS mushroom head; the equipment relied on battery power and needed to be replaced every 2-3 years; monitoring data needed to be manually entered into the asset management system, which was prone to information errors;

[0143] The implementation process of the device and method of the present invention: The device is quickly deployed by taking the device of the present invention and pasting it along the center line of the base station antenna back plate. The adhesive structure on the back of the device is used to make the device fit tightly with the antenna back plate. At the same time, the arrow mark on the surface of the device is aligned with the direction of the antenna main lobe. The deployment of the device for a single sector antenna takes only 1 minute. It can be put on and taken away immediately.

[0144] The device obtains a 13V input voltage through the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU power regulator port in the base station, which is then converted into a stable 3.3V voltage by the LDO voltage regulator module to power the various components of the device; at the same time, the supercapacitor connected in parallel with the device ensures that the device continues to be powered without interruption when the RRU restarts.

[0145] The IMU's three-axis MEMS gyroscope, with a range of ±250° / s and a sampling rate of 100Hz, collects azimuth angle changes; the three-axis MEMS accelerometer, with a range of ±2g and a sampling rate of 100Hz, collects tilt data.

[0146] NTC temperature sensor, 1Hz sampling, collects ambient temperature;

[0147] The conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna in the GNSS positioning module acquires raw positioning data.

[0148] After receiving raw data from multiple sources, the MCU main control module first corrects the sensor zero bias error through a third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation algorithm, and then fuses the data through Kalman filtering to output azimuth and downtilt direction finding data with an angle accuracy of 0.3°; the GNSS positioning module receives RTCM3.xSSR correction data sent by the CORS network and calculates the antenna position data with a coordinate accuracy of 1cm through the RTK engine.

[0149] The AISG communication module normally maintains a direct link between the RRU and RCU. When it receives an AISGVendorSpecific command from the RRU, it switches to the communication link between the device and the RRU within 100ms, encapsulates the direction finding data and positioning data into a 32-byte AISG protocol frame, and transmits it back. After the data transmission is completed, the original link is restored without affecting the original electrical downtilt adjustment function of the antenna. After the background network management system parses the protocol frame, it automatically writes the data into the base station asset management system, realizing zero-error automatic data entry without manual intervention.

[0150] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Device Composition and Deployment: The device includes an IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, MCU main control module, LDO voltage regulator module, and AISG communication module, all integrated and installed on the back panel of the base station antenna. The conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna of the GNSS positioning module is pasted and fixed along the centerline of the back panel of the base station antenna, so that the arrow of the device points to the front of the antenna. The parameter reference values ​​of each component in the device are set through the factory calibration mechanism. S2: Parasitic power supply: Insert the device's 8-pin male connector into the RRU power adjustment port located near the base station antenna, and at the same time connect the original feed line of the base station antenna's built-in RCU to the device's 8-pin female connector; obtain 13V power through the free PIN2 pin of the RRU power adjustment port to power each module of the device. S3: Multi-source data collaborative acquisition: After being powered by S2, the device collects antenna azimuth angle change, antenna tilt data, ambient temperature data, and positioning raw data to form a multi-dimensional raw data source; S4: Data Preprocessing and Accuracy Optimization: The MCU main control module receives the multi-dimensional raw data collected by S3. First, it uses a third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation algorithm to correct the zero bias error of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and three-axis MEMS accelerometer in the IMU based on the ambient temperature data. Then, it uses a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse the azimuth angle change of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and the tilt data of the three-axis MEMS accelerometer. Finally, it outputs direction-finding data including azimuth angle and tilt angle. S5: Cloud-Edge Collaborative Positioning Calculation: The GNSS positioning module first receives the correction data sent by the CORS network, then performs error correction on the original positioning data collected in S3 and the correction data, and then calculates the error-corrected positioning data to output the processed positioning data. S6: AISG interface time-division multiplexing transmission: Under normal circumstances, the AISG communication module maintains a direct link between the RRU and RCU. When an RRU command is received, it switches to the communication link between the device and the RRU. The MCU main control module integrates the direction finding data output by S4 and the processed positioning data output by S5, encapsulates them into an AISG protocol frame, and transmits them back to the RRU through the switched link. After the transmission is completed, the analog switch immediately restores the original link between the RRU and RCU. S7: Automatic Data Application and Anomaly Alarm: The RRU transmits the AISG protocol frames received by the S6 to the backend network management system. The network management system extracts the data and automatically writes it into the base station asset management system. The backend system compares the extracted current parameters with the factory calibration reference values ​​of the S1 device in real time. When an anomaly is detected, an alarm work order is automatically triggered and pushed to the operation and maintenance management system.

2. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the components of the device are specifically as follows: IMU: Includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope for acquiring azimuth angle changes and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer for acquiring tilt data; Temperature sensor: An NTC temperature sensor for collecting ambient temperature; GNSS positioning module: Composed of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit, used to receive satellite signals and output positioning data; MCU main control module: a microprocessor used for data processing and storage; LDO voltage regulator module: Its input terminal is connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU E-regulator port through the device's 8-pin male connector, and the output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module; AISG communication module: integrates AISG protocol processor, responsible for maintaining direct communication between RRU and RCU under normal circumstances, switching communication links and transmitting data back after receiving instructions; The above components are installed on a flexible shell with an adhesive structure on the back, so that the device can be attached to the back panel of the base station antenna. A 1mm polyurethane foam isolation layer is reserved on the side of the conformal dual-band GNSS antenna that is attached to the base station antenna. Each component in the device must undergo a factory calibration process before leaving the factory. The first step is to fix the device on the angle calibration platform, set the azimuth angle of the calibration platform to 0° and the tilt angle to 0°, collect the sensor output values ​​at different temperatures, and fit the data to obtain the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation coefficient: ,in For ambient temperature, These are the fitting coefficients; The second step is to place the device in the GNSS calibration field and record the longitude of the calibration field. ,latitude Elevation The azimuth reference of the synchronous recording device at this time Downtilt Angle Reference ; Finally, these coefficients and reference values ​​are written into the Flash memory of the MCU main control module.

3. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the device needs to undergo power conversion and voltage regulation when obtaining power: First, the RRU power regulator outputs a 13V DC voltage. The input is to an LDO voltage regulator module, which then converts the voltage through a voltage divider circuit. ,in , It is an LDO voltage divider resistor.

4. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the multi-dimensional raw data source includes: Raw value of azimuth angle change acquired by a three-axis MEMS gyroscope ; Raw values ​​of antenna tilt data acquired by three-axis MEMS acceleration. ; Ambient temperature data collected by temperature sensor ; Raw pseudorange values ​​acquired by conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna Carrier phase original value .

5. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the zero-bias error correction of the three-axis MEMS gyroscope and the three-axis MEMS accelerometer includes the following steps: First set the temperature Substituting the third-order polynomial temperature drift compensation formula, calculate the sensor bias at the current temperature: ; Then use this zero bias to correct the original data: in, This is the amount of change in the corrected direction angle. The corrected x-axis acceleration component; Then The final output, fused using the Kalman filter algorithm, includes the azimuth angle. and downhill angle Direction finding data: First, construct the state equation for the Kalman filter: in, The azimuth angle at the previous moment, with an initial value of ; It is the acceleration due to gravity; This is process noise; Next, the observation equation is constructed, and the prediction and update steps are performed: in, , For the observed values, , To detect noise, output optimal direction-finding data. .

6. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the correction data sent by the CORS network includes satellite clock bias. Track error Compare it with the original pseudorange value Substitute the error correction formula to eliminate satellite-side system errors: Satellite error data is provided through the CORS network to correct the system bias of the raw GNSS pseudorange and output the corrected pseudorange. .

7. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the corrected pseudorange Satellite coordinates provided by satellite ephemeris First, substitute the values ​​into the RTK carrier phase differential formula to calculate the antenna's geocentric and ground-fixed coordinates. : in, At the speed of light, For receiver clock bias; Then convert the geocentric coordinates to geodetic coordinates: in, The radius of the Earth's equator; Location data: longitude ,latitude Elevation .

8. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the data integrated by the MCU main control module includes: First, the direction finding data With location data The protocol frame is encapsulated into a 32-byte frame according to the AISGv2.0 protocol format, with a 2-byte frame header, a 28-byte data segment, and a 2-byte checksum. The protocol frame is then transmitted back to the RRU through the switched link, and the RRU and RCU link is restored after the transmission is completed.

9. The automatic positioning and direction finding method based on AISG interface transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the backend network management system uses a dedicated parsing module to match and extract the AISG protocol format. The binary protocol frames are converted into applicable structured data and written into the structured database of the base station asset management system. The detection mechanism for abnormal alarms is as follows: Will and Substituting into the anomaly detection formula, an alarm is triggered when any one of the following conditions is met: By using the deviation threshold between real-time data and the factory baseline value, the system determines whether the antenna status is abnormal and pushes an alarm work order to the operation and maintenance system.

10. An automatic device based on AISG interface transmission, characterized in that, It includes a flexible housing, and an IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module, MCU main control module, LDO voltage regulator module and AISG communication module mounted on it; The flexible shell has a thickness of ≤1.5mm and a weight of ≤25g, and has an adhesive structure on its back. The IMU includes a three-axis MEMS gyroscope and a three-axis MEMS accelerometer; the three-axis MEMS gyroscope has a range of ±250° / s and a sampling frequency of 100Hz; the three-axis MEMS accelerometer has a range of ±2g and a sampling frequency of 100Hz. The temperature sensor is an NTC type with a sampling frequency of 1Hz. The GNSS positioning module supports GPS L1+L5 and BeiDou B1I+B2a frequency bands, with a sampling frequency of 1Hz. It consists of a conformal dual-frequency GNSS antenna, a dual-frequency GNSS chip, an RTK engine, and a power supply and lightning protection circuit. The MCU main control module is an STM32F407 microprocessor, which is electrically connected to the IMU, temperature sensor, GNSS positioning module and AISG communication module respectively. It also has a built-in Flash memory for storing the factory-calibrated compensation coefficients and parameter reference values; The LDO voltage regulator module has its input terminal connected to the 13V input voltage provided by the idle PIN2 pin of the RRU ESC port through the device's 8PIN male connector, and its output terminal outputs a stable 3.3V voltage to power each module. It also has a 2.7V / 0.22F supercapacitor connected in parallel to ensure that the device does not lose power when the RRU restarts. The AISG communication module is an AISGv2.0 / v3.0 protocol communication module.

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