Enhanced modular artificial wetland system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wetlands, in particular to an enhanced modular constructed wetland system and a control method thereof, and the enhanced modular constructed wetland system comprises a plurality of constructed wetland units which are connected in sequence; every two adjacent constructed wetland units are connected in a baffling manner. Through physical interception and adsorption of upper zeolite, continuous disturbance of aquatic organisms in the light filler and ecological absorption of the bottom, a collaborative purification mechanism for step-by-step efficient removal of pollutants is formed, a dynamic anti-clogging system is jointly constructed, and filler layer clogging and hydraulic performance attenuation are remarkably delayed; meanwhile, the biological capture device integrated in the system realizes directional regulation and control and resource recovery of biomass, the problem that organisms are easy to imbalance in an ecological system is solved, and finally, the system realizes collaborative improvement of sewage treatment efficiency, long-term operation stability and ecological self-maintenance capability on the premise of not depending on external high-energy-consumption equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wetland technology, and in particular to an enhanced modular artificial wetland system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands, as an eco-friendly wastewater treatment technology, are widely used in areas such as the restoration of polluted rivers and lakes, non-point source pollution control, and advanced treatment of wastewater effluent due to their advantages such as low operating costs and simple management. Modular constructed wetlands (MMB-CWs) further enhance the standardization and site adaptability of the system, and are an important technological direction for achieving the synergistic goals of "low carbon, pollution reduction, and efficiency improvement".

[0003] However, traditional and existing modular constructed wetlands still face several common technical bottlenecks in engineering practice, hindering their large-scale application. First, insufficient anti-clogging capacity is a key challenge. After long-term operation, the porosity of traditional fillers (such as gravel and sand) decreases significantly due to suspended solids deposition and excessive biofilm growth, leading to reduced hydraulic conductivity, frequent dredging and maintenance, and increased operating costs. Second, the system's function tends to be singular; most designs focus solely on pollutant purification, failing to effectively integrate the synergistic process of "wastewater purification - biological resource utilization," lacking economic output to achieve "wetland-based wetland maintenance." Third, biological regulation is difficult. Although it is known that benthic organisms and fish can enhance mass transfer through disturbance, the lack of effective targeted capture and biomass control designs easily leads to uncontrolled biomass, which in turn inhibits purification efficiency. Furthermore, efficiency declines significantly in low-temperature environments. After plants wither in winter, the system's reoxygenation capacity and microbial activity decrease, and the removal rates of pollutants such as COD and total nitrogen decrease significantly by 20%-30% compared to summer, resulting in poor operational stability.

[0004] To address these challenges, existing technologies often employ a single optimization strategy. For example, patent CN116332347B focuses on optimizing the combination of filter media layers to improve filtration performance; patent CN214004197U attempts to introduce a single biological species for regulation. However, these solutions fail to systematically integrate core elements such as layered filter media structure optimization, multi-species biological directional disturbance and capture, and economic plant configuration to form a synergistic enhancement mechanism. Therefore, they are unable to fundamentally solve systemic problems such as clogging, single function, and seasonal performance fluctuations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an enhanced constructed wetland module system and its control method, which can improve pollutant purification efficiency and anti-clogging ability through deep coupling of structure and ecological processes, while realizing resource recycling and low-carbon operation.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an enhanced modular constructed wetland system, comprising: Multiple constructed wetland units are connected in sequence; two adjacent constructed wetland units are connected by a zigzag flow. Each constructed wetland unit consists of an upper filler zone, a middle functional zone, and a bottom unfiller zone arranged from top to bottom. A permeable isolation layer is provided between the upper filler zone and the middle functional zone. The upper filler zone is filled with zeolite filler for intercepting suspended solids and adsorbing ammonia nitrogen. The middle functional zone is filled with lightweight suspended filler. The bottom unfiller zone is used for sediment sedimentation and aquatic organism habitat. Aquatic organisms were added to the middle functional zone and the bottom unfilled zone; Biological capture devices, located within constructed wetland units, are used to attract and quantitatively capture aquatic organisms in the middle functional zone and / or the bottom unfilled zone by deploying bait.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, the biological capture device includes: The first pipe fitting is vertically installed and penetrates the upper filler area and the permeable isolation layer, with its lower end extending to the bottom of the middle functional area; The second pipe fitting is horizontally positioned in the middle layer of filler area, and the bottom of the second pipe fitting is connected to the first pipe fitting. The capture tube is detachably inserted into the first tube and attracts and captures aquatic organisms by deploying bait.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the second pipe fitting has an inlet hole in its wall and a plug with a through hole at the bottom of the capture pipe. When the capture pipe is inserted into the first pipe fitting, it communicates with the second pipe fitting through the through hole.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, the opening ratio of the first pipe fitting and the water inlet on the pipe fitting is maintained at 20%-30%.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, an openable and closable delivery port is provided on the side wall of the constructed wetland unit at a position corresponding to the middle functional zone, for adding or replacing aquatic organisms to the middle functional zone.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, aquatic organisms include the first category of aquatic organisms introduced into the intermediate functional zone, and the second category of aquatic organisms introduced into the unfilled zone.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, the system also includes a plant composition, which includes calamus, canna lily, reed, and water bamboo.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, a dissolved oxygen sensor is installed in the unfilled area at the bottom of the constructed wetland unit; the system also includes a water pump connected to a water source and / or an aeration device installed in the wetland unit; the dissolved oxygen sensor, water pump and aeration device are all signal-connected to a control unit.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a control method for an enhanced modular constructed wetland system, which is applied to the system described above; the method includes: Obtain the first dissolved oxygen concentration in the unfilled bottom region; If the first dissolved oxygen concentration is less than the preset threshold, increase the pump opening.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect, after the step of increasing the pump opening if the first dissolved oxygen concentration is less than the preset threshold, the method further includes: After a preset delay, the second dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom unfilled area is obtained; If the second dissolved oxygen concentration is still greater than the preset threshold, control the aeration device to increase its operating power and / or reduce the opening of the water pump.

[0016] The embodiments of the present invention bring the following beneficial effects: The present application provides an enhanced modular constructed wetland system and its control method, comprising: a plurality of constructed wetland units connected in sequence; two adjacent constructed wetland units are connected by a baffle; each constructed wetland unit includes an upper filling zone, a middle functional zone and a bottom unfilled zone arranged from top to bottom; a permeable isolation layer is provided between the upper filling zone and the middle functional zone; the upper filling zone is filled with zeolite filler for intercepting suspended solids and adsorbing ammonia nitrogen; the middle functional zone is filled with light suspended filler; the bottom unfilled zone is used for sediment sedimentation and aquatic organism habitat; aquatic organisms are added to the middle functional zone and the bottom unfilled zone.

[0017] In this embodiment, the physical structure unit provides habitat and interface for the bioprocess enhancement unit. The bioprocess enhancement unit maintains and enhances the function of the physical structure unit and reduces sludge through its life activities. The ecological regulation and resource recycling unit realizes sustainable management of biomass in the system and generates economic output. The three work together to achieve the system's efficient purification, anti-clogging and resource recycling functions.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a reinforced modular constructed wetland system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an artificial wetland unit in an enhanced modular artificial wetland system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biocapture device in an enhanced modular constructed wetland system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a control method for an enhanced modular constructed wetland system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: 1- Constructed wetland unit, 11- Upper filler zone, 12- Middle functional zone, 13- Bottom unfiller zone, 14- Permeable isolation layer, 2- First pipe fitting, 3- Second pipe fitting, 31- Inlet hole, 4- Capture pipe, 5- Dissolved oxygen sensor, 6- Aeration device; 130 - Processor, 131 - Memory, 132 - Bus, 133 - Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, the application scenarios and design concepts of this application embodiment will be briefly introduced below.

[0025] Existing technologies, due to their isolated structure and lack of coordination, result in common bottlenecks in constructed wetlands, such as rapid clogging, limited functionality, and unstable operation.

[0026] Based on this, this application provides an enhanced constructed wetland module system and its control method, which can improve pollutant purification efficiency and anti-clogging ability through deep coupling of structure and ecological processes, while realizing resource recycling and low-carbon operation.

[0027] Example 1 This application provides an enhanced modular constructed wetland system, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: multiple constructed wetland units 1 connected in sequence, with adjacent constructed wetland units 1 connected by a folding mechanism (e.g., Figure 1 As shown); each artificial wetland unit 1 includes, from top to bottom, an upper filler zone 11, a middle functional zone 12, and a bottom unfiller zone 13 (as shown). Figure 2 (As shown); a permeable isolation layer 14 is provided between the upper filling zone 11 and the middle functional zone 12; the upper filling zone 11 is filled with zeolite filler for intercepting suspended solids and adsorbing ammonia nitrogen; the middle functional zone 12 is filled with light suspended filler; the bottom unfilled zone 13 is used for sediment sedimentation and aquatic organism habitat; aquatic organisms are added to the middle functional zone 12 and the unfilled zone 13; a biological capture device is provided in the artificial wetland unit 1 for attracting and quantitatively capturing aquatic organisms in the middle functional zone 12 and / or the bottom unfilled zone 13 by releasing bait.

[0028] This invention constructs a modular baffle structure of "upper layer interception - middle layer disturbance - bottom layer sedimentation" (water flow direction as shown by arrows), and synergistically adds multifunctional aquatic organisms. First, the zeolite packing in the upper packing zone 11 efficiently intercepts suspended solids and adsorbs ammonia nitrogen, laying the foundation for subsequent treatment. Subsequently, the aquatic organisms (such as loaches) in the middle functional zone 12 continuously disturb the packing, effectively colliding and shedding aging biofilms, significantly delaying packing layer blockage, and strengthening the mass transfer process and increasing dissolved oxygen, thereby greatly enhancing the nitrification and pollutant degradation efficiency in the middle layer. At the same time, the aquatic organisms (such as snails and crucian carp) in the bottom unpacked zone 13 further control sludge accumulation and water turbidity by feeding on bottom mud and algae. Finally, this progressive and synergistic effect of physical interception, biological disturbance, and ecological absorption enables the system to maintain high and stable purification efficiency and excellent anti-clogging performance in long-term operation, achieving an organic unity of long-term stable operation and ecological endogenous regulation of the sewage treatment system.

[0029] "Modular" means that each artificial wetland unit 1 has standardized size, structure and function (such as 5m×3m×1.5m as shown in the handover document), and can be flexibly combined and expanded like building blocks according to the actual water volume and site conditions.

[0030] "Bend-flow connection" refers to a connection method in which water flows between adjacent constructed wetland units 1 in a "zigzag" or "S-shaped" path. In this embodiment, it specifically means that the effluent from the preceding constructed wetland unit 1 is connected to the following constructed wetland unit 1 through a bend-flow pipe, serving as the input water flow for the following constructed wetland unit 1. This design can effectively extend the total residence time of the water flow within the system, ensuring sufficient contact between wastewater and the packing material, plant roots, and microorganisms. Simultaneously, it can naturally create alternating aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic environments within the system, providing the necessary conditions for the degradation of different pollutants such as nitrification and denitrification, thereby significantly improving the overall removal efficiency of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0031] The upper packing zone 11 is filled with zeolite packing, which is a preferred natural or artificial mineral packing material. Its internal porous framework structure provides it with two core functions: first, it physically traps suspended solids (SS) in the water through the pores between particles; second, it selectively adsorbs ammonium ions (NH4+) in the water through ion exchange. + This allows for efficient removal of ammonia nitrogen. The middle functional zone 12, located below the zeolite layer, is used to accommodate lightweight suspended fillers and aquatic organisms, creating an area for vigorous biochemical reactions. The lightweight suspended fillers (such as ceramsite) refer to spherical or irregular particles with a density less than or close to that of water and high porosity (e.g., density ≤ 800 kg / m³). 3 Their lightweight nature makes them prone to displacement and collision under water flow or biological disturbance. This dynamic environment can effectively rub off aged biofilm, passively prevent packing blockage, and promote biofilm renewal, maintaining high activity. In this embodiment, the upper packing zone 11 is laid with a 20-30cm thick zeolite packing (particle size 5-8mm, porosity ≥50%) to retain suspended solids (SS removal rate ≥60%) and adsorb ammonia nitrogen through ion exchange (adsorption capacity 0.8-1.2mg / g); the middle functional zone 12 is filled with lightweight suspended packing (ceramsite, particle size 3-5mm, density ≤800kg / m³, porosity ≥45%) to provide space for biological disturbance.

[0032] A permeable isolation layer 14 is provided between the upper filling zone 11 and the middle functional zone 12. This permeable isolation layer 14 is usually a mesh plate (such as PP material) with sufficient pore size (e.g., 5-10mm) and strength. Its core function is to physically separate the upper zeolite filling and the middle lightweight filling to prevent them from mixing, while ensuring that the water can flow smoothly from top to bottom without affecting the hydraulic performance of the system.

[0033] The bottom unfilled zone 13 is an open water space reserved at the very bottom, without any artificial filler. Its main functions are twofold: first, to provide a place for sediment to settle, allowing undegraded fine solid particles to settle; and second, to serve as a habitat for aquatic organisms (such as crucian carp and snails), utilizing their life activities (such as feeding and swimming) to further purify the water and control sediment. In this embodiment, the bottom unfilled zone 13 is 30-40 cm deep, used for sediment sedimentation and aquatic habitat.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, the biological capture device includes: a first tube 2, a second tube 3, and a capture tube 4. Figure 3 As shown.

[0035] The first pipe fitting 2 is vertically installed and penetrates the upper filling area 11 and the permeable isolation layer, with its lower end extending to the bottom of the middle functional area.

[0036] The second pipe fitting 3 is horizontally positioned in the middle layer of the packing area 12, and the second pipe fitting 3 is connected to the bottom of the first pipe fitting 2.

[0037] The capture tube 4 is detachably inserted into the first tube 2 to attract and capture aquatic organisms by deploying bait.

[0038] In this embodiment, a biological capture device is integrated, consisting of a vertically arranged first pipe 2, a horizontally arranged second pipe 3, and a detachable capture pipe 4. Firstly, bait is deployed using this biological capture device to precisely attract aquatic organisms (such as loaches and snails) from the middle functional zone 12 and the bottom unfilled zone 13 into the pipe, achieving targeted attraction and controllable capture of biomass within the system. This helps solve the problem of biomass imbalance caused by natural reproduction in traditional ecosystems, effectively avoiding the risk of excessive consumption of dissolved oxygen or adverse effects on purification efficiency. By periodically and quantitatively removing adult individuals, the optimal biological population density and activity within the system can be maintained, ensuring that the intensity of biological disturbance remains stable within the optimal range for efficient anti-clogging and enhanced mass transfer. Simultaneously, the captured aquatic organisms can be recycled as byproducts, directly generating economic benefits. Finally, the organic integration of this biological capture device with the constructed wetland unit 1 achieves a leap from "passively enduring biological impacts" to "actively regulating biological resources," ensuring the long-term ecological stability, treatment efficiency, and operational economy of the system. In this embodiment, loaches (8-12cm in length, 10-20 loaches / m³) are placed in the middle layer filler zone 12. 2 The movement of these snails causes the packing material to collide 5-8 times per minute, thus increasing the biofilm renewal rate. Snails (weighing 5-10g and with a density of 100-200g / m³) are introduced into the unpacked bottom zone 13. 2 ) and crucian carp (body length 10-15cm, density 2-3 fish / m²) 2Snails feed on organic matter in the bottom mud (resulting in a sedimentation rate of ≤0.3cm / month), and crucian carp prey on algae to control water turbidity (turbidity ≤10NTU).

[0039] In conjunction with the first aspect, the second pipe fitting 3 has a water inlet hole 31 on its pipe wall, and the bottom of the capture pipe 4 has a plug with a through hole. When the capture pipe 4 is inserted into the first pipe fitting 2, it communicates with the second pipe fitting 3 through the through hole.

[0040] In conjunction with the first aspect, the opening ratio of the water inlet hole 31 on the first pipe fitting 2 and the second pipe fitting 3 is maintained at 20%-30%.

[0041] The first pipe fitting 2 (i.e., the vertical pipe) establishes a dedicated vertical channel from the ground surface directly to the core biological activity area of ​​the entire biological capture device. This channel avoids the trouble of having to turn over or damage the upper packing layer 11 for each capture. The second pipe fitting 3 (i.e., the horizontal pipe) is placed at the bottom of the middle functional area 12 (i.e., in the light suspended packing layer), and is firmly connected to the bottom of the first pipe fitting 2 through fittings such as tees. Multiple water inlets (opening rate 20%-30%) on its pipe wall serve as entrances for aquatic organisms (such as loaches) to enter the biological capture device. These water inlets ensure that organisms can find and enter the pipe, and their size is also designed to ensure that target organisms can enter smoothly while preventing large amounts of packing material from causing blockages. The capture pipe 4 is an independent pipe fitting with a diameter slightly smaller than that of the first pipe fitting 2. It can be detachably inserted into the first pipe fitting 2 and is the executing component of the entire capture operation. During operation, the capture pipe 4 is first lifted, and bait is released into the horizontal pipe at the bottom through the vertical pipe. Organisms (such as loaches) are attracted by the scent of the bait and enter the pipe through the inlet of the horizontal pipe, where they gather. At this point, the capture tube is inserted downwards; its bottom plug with a through hole forms a specific connection with the horizontal pipe opening, effectively trapping the organisms inside. Finally, the captured organisms can be easily retrieved by pulling the entire capture tube out of the vertical pipe. This allows for the sampling or population control of organisms without draining the wetland or damaging its structure.

[0042] In conjunction with the first aspect, an openable and closable delivery port is provided on the side wall of the artificial wetland unit 1 at a position corresponding to the middle functional zone 12, for adding or replacing aquatic organisms into the middle functional zone 12.

[0043] This invention features an openable and closable inlet (not shown in the figure) located on the side wall of the constructed wetland unit 1, corresponding to the middle functional zone 12. This structure is reliably opened and closed via a flange cover or a quick-opening sealing door. During system startup or operation, there is no need to disturb the packing material from the top of the constructed wetland unit 1; aquatic organisms such as loaches can be precisely and efficiently added directly to the middle functional zone 12 through this inlet, or to replenish naturally declining biological populations. When it is necessary to adjust the species (e.g., changing to cold-resistant species according to the season) or replace individuals with decreased activity, this inlet 15 provides the most direct operational channel, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty and labor costs. In extreme cases, such as when it is necessary to check the compaction of the middle packing material or to perform partial replacement, this inlet 15 can serve as an inspection hole, avoiding destructive large-scale excavation. This breaks through the limitations of the traditional "black box" closed structure of constructed wetlands, establishing an operational channel that allows direct access to the core reaction zone of the system without disturbing the surface. This dispensing port allows operators to directly and precisely add or replace aquatic organisms in the middle functional zone when starting the system, replenishing organisms, or adjusting the population, effectively avoiding damage to the filler layer and plant community caused by top-level operations. This not only significantly reduces the difficulty and cost of daily maintenance but also enables dynamic and precise control of the biological community within the system, ensuring that the intensity of biological disturbance is always maintained within the optimal range. Ultimately, this dispensing port, with its simple mechanical structure, endows the entire system with excellent maintainability and operational flexibility, becoming a key functional design for ensuring the long-term stable and efficient operation of constructed wetlands.

[0044] In conjunction with the first aspect, the aquatic organisms include a first type of aquatic organisms introduced into the middle functional zone 12, and a second type of aquatic organisms introduced into the bottom unfilled zone 13.

[0045] Specifically, the core function of the first type of aquatic organisms (such as loach) lies in the physical disturbances generated by their life activities. Their continuous shuttle and swimming between the light packing material in the middle layer can effectively collide with the packing material, promote the renewal and shedding of the biofilm, thereby significantly alleviating the clogging problem of the packing layer, and at the same time enhancing the dissolved oxygen and mass transfer efficiency in this area, and strengthening aerobic reaction processes such as nitrification.

[0046] Complementing this, the core function of the second type of aquatic organisms (such as snails and crucian carp) lies in their ecological absorption. Snails reduce sludge accumulation directly at the source by feeding on organic debris and algae in the bottom sediment; crucian carp effectively control water turbidity by preying on phytoplankton in the water. Ultimately, these two types of organisms each perform their specific functions while working together. The first type of aquatic organisms provides stable internal physical dynamics for the system, while the second type undertakes end-of-pipe control and resource recovery, jointly constructing a comprehensive, multi-layered pollutant removal and system self-sustaining mechanism that extends from the water body to the bottom sediment, and from physical to ecological aspects.

[0047] The first category of aquatic organisms are benthic or burrowing, highly mobile, and capable of continuous movement in the gaps of the packing material. They can be annelids, such as earthworms, tubifex worms, and vibrating worms; crustaceans, such as shrimp (commonly known as "black-shelled shrimp"), finger shrimp, or small crabs (such as mud crabs); and insect larvae, such as midge larvae (red worms).

[0048] The second category of aquatic organisms must be able to adapt to living in open water and have filter-feeding, scraping, or predatory habits. These can include snails, such as *Bambusa chinensis*, *Sinocyclocheilus spp.*, and *Pomacea canaliculata*, in addition to *Pomacea canaliculata*; shellfish, such as freshwater mussels and clams, which are highly efficient filter feeders; and fish, such as carp, silver carp, and bighead carp.

[0049] In conjunction with the first aspect, the system also includes a plant composition comprising calamus, canna lily, reed, and water bamboo.

[0050] This invention, while constructing a synergistic "physical-biological-ecological" purification system, further integrates a multifunctional plant combination consisting of calamus, canna lily, reed, and water chestnut. This configuration transcends the limitations of traditional constructed wetlands that only focus on purification functions, achieving an organic combination of ecological functions and economic output. Specifically, calamus and canna lily, through their developed root systems secreting natural antibacterial substances (such as calamus ketone), effectively inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the water, creating a healthy growth environment for the microbial community within the system; reed, relying on its deep root system reaching 0.8-1.0 meters, forms an efficient oxygen transport channel, significantly enhancing the dissolved oxygen level in the middle functional zone and rhizosphere microenvironment, and powerfully promoting the metabolic activity of aerobic bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria; while the introduction of water chestnut, based on the function of its root system in absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, outputs its edible stems as a direct economic product, realizing a resource recycling model of "using wetlands to nourish wetlands". Ultimately, these four plant species work closely together in terms of spatial layout and function to jointly construct a three-dimensional ecological purification system that combines efficient removal of pollutants, maintenance of system anti-clogging, and economic benefits, thereby fundamentally improving the sustainability and comprehensive value of the constructed wetland system.

[0051] In this embodiment, the density of calamus (10-15 plants / m²) 2 Thalia dealbata (8-12 plants / m²) 2 The roots secrete antibacterial substances (such as calamusone) to inhibit pathogens; Reeds (15-20 plants / m²) 2 Deep root systems (0.8-1.0m) enhance air permeability; Water bamboo (4-6 plants / m²) 2 (with row spacing of 0.5m × 0.5m), and edible stems as economic output.

[0052] Actual tests showed that loach disturbance increased mid-layer DO by 0.5-1.0 mg / L, enhanced nitrifying bacteria activity by 30%, and increased NH4+.+ -N removal rate exceeds 80%, demonstrating improved purification efficiency. Simultaneously, thanks to the synergistic effect of the upper zeolite layer and the middle ceramsite layer, the porosity remains stably above 45%, and after 24 months of operation, the hydraulic load still maintains 85% of its initial value (compared to only 60% in traditional wetlands), indicating enhanced anti-clogging performance. Furthermore, each square meter yields 0.5-1 kg of loach (market price 20 yuan / kg), 0.2-0.3 kg of crucian carp (15 yuan / kg), and 0.3-0.5 kg of snails (8 yuan / kg) annually, resulting in a total revenue of 13-26 yuan / m². 2 Actual tests showed that loach disturbance increased mid-layer DO by 0.5-1.0 mg / L, enhanced nitrifying bacteria activity by 30%, and increased NH4+. + -N removal rate exceeds 80%, demonstrating improved purification efficiency. Simultaneously, thanks to the synergistic effect of the upper zeolite layer and the middle ceramsite layer, the porosity remains stably above 45%, and after 24 months of operation, the hydraulic load still maintains 85% of its initial value (compared to only 60% in traditional wetlands), indicating enhanced anti-clogging performance. Furthermore, each square meter yields 0.5-1 kg of loach (market price 20 yuan / kg), 0.2-0.3 kg of crucian carp (15 yuan / kg), and 0.3-0.5 kg of snails (8 yuan / kg) annually, resulting in a total revenue of 13-26 yuan / m². 2 Water chestnuts cost 3 yuan / kg, and reed stalks cost 0.5 yuan / kg, totaling an estimated 4650-6150 yuan / mu. Therefore, the total revenue is calculated to cover operating costs (approximately 2000-3000 yuan / mu). (Year), thereby achieving the goals of diversifying economic benefits and "using wetlands to support wetlands".

[0053] This invention achieves targeted capture and precise control of biomass within the system (capture efficiency ≥70%) through a biological capture device, fundamentally solving the industry problem of uncontrolled biomass in ecological purification systems; furthermore, through refined coordination of "purification-output" parameters, it controls loach density (10-20 loaches / m²). 2 ) and the planting density of water chestnut (4-6 plants / m²) 2 Optimal matching was achieved to improve the synergistic anti-clogging efficiency of biological disturbance and root aeration by more than 30%. Finally, by using the ecological combination of multifunctional plants and organisms, the enhanced purification function of calamus and reeds was combined with the economic output of water chestnut, and fish and benthic organisms were used simultaneously to achieve sludge reduction (30%-40%) and in-situ recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus resources. Thus, a triple breakthrough was achieved at the system level in terms of pollution control efficiency, anti-clogging stability and diversified economic benefits.

[0054] In conjunction with the first party, a dissolved oxygen sensor 5 is installed in the bottom unfilled area 13 of the constructed wetland unit 1; the system also includes a water pump connected to a water source and an aeration device 6 installed in the constructed wetland unit 1; the dissolved oxygen sensor 5, the water pump and the aeration device (not shown in the figure) are all signal connected to a control unit.

[0055] Understandably, dissolved oxygen sensor 5 monitors the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aquatic habitat area 13 at the bottom without filler material in real time and transmits the data to the control unit. The control unit compares the received dissolved oxygen data with a preset threshold. When the concentration is lower than the minimum value required to maintain the activity of benthic organisms and the denitrification process, it immediately issues an instruction: first, increase the water pump opening to increase the hydraulic load of the system, and use the enhanced water flow turbulence to achieve initial reoxygenation; if this single measure is insufficient, then the aeration device 6 is started synchronously or in stages for forced oxygenation. This closed-loop control mode of "monitoring-judgment-regulation" fundamentally solves the technical problems of limited biological activity and unstable purification efficiency caused by dissolved oxygen fluctuations in traditional constructed wetlands. It ensures that the system can maintain the optimal oxygen environment under any operating conditions, thereby simultaneously guaranteeing the survival needs of aquatic organisms and the process requirements for efficient removal of pollutants, and realizing the intelligent, stable and efficient operation of the system.

[0056] Secondly, this application also provides a control method for an enhanced modular constructed wetland system, which is applied to the system described above; combined with Figure 4 As shown, the method includes: S110, obtain the first dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom unfilled zone.

[0057] S120, if the first dissolved oxygen concentration is less than the preset threshold, increase the opening of the water pump.

[0058] The bottom unfilled zone 13 is the habitat of the second type of aquatic organisms (snail and crucian carp). The DO (dissolved oxygen) level in this area is directly related to their survival and activity, and thus affects the sediment dissolution and turbidity control. The dissolved oxygen sensor 5 deployed in this area can realize all-weather, automated DO data collection.

[0059] When dissolved oxygen (DO) falls below the threshold, it indicates that the system may be in a hypoxic state. Increasing the inflow rate from the water source increases the water flow velocity within the system. The enhanced turbulence promotes the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the water, achieving initial natural reoxygenation. This method has relatively low energy consumption and is the preferred energy-saving measure.

[0060] The preset threshold is usually set based on a combination of the minimum oxygen demand of the second type of aquatic organisms (e.g., crucian carp require DO>2mg / L) and the requirements of the denitrification process (to avoid strict anaerobic conditions), for example, 0.5-1.0 mg / L. It serves as the baseline for the system to determine whether intervention is necessary.

[0061] Secondly, after step S120, the following also includes: S130, after a preset delay, obtain the second dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom unfilled area.

[0062] S140, if the second dissolved oxygen concentration is still greater than the preset threshold, control the aeration device to increase its operating power, and / or reduce the opening of the water pump.

[0063] Understandably, a preset delay is made after step S120 to allow the control measures to take effect. Data is then collected again via dissolved oxygen sensor 5 to evaluate the effectiveness of step S120 based on the comparison between the collected second dissolved oxygen concentration and a preset threshold. If the second dissolved oxygen concentration is still greater than the preset threshold, it indicates that the primary aeration strategy of step S120 is insufficient. At this point, a secondary enhanced aeration strategy is activated. Specifically, this is the most direct and effective method of intensive aeration, rapidly increasing dissolved oxygen by increasing the aeration rate per unit time. Simultaneously, it can also serve as a supplementary or synergistic measure to further increase hydraulic disturbance and assist in reoxygenation. This forms a control loop with S120: monitoring – primary control – re-monitoring – secondary control, dynamically and adaptively maintaining dissolved oxygen within the target range.

[0064] The preset duration depends on factors such as wetland volume, hydraulic retention time, and aeration intensity, and needs to be set during debugging.

[0065] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, combined with Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device includes a memory 131 and a processor 130. The memory 131 stores a computer program, and the processor 130 runs the computer program to make the electronic device perform the above-described method.

[0066] Furthermore, combined Figure 5 The electronic device shown also includes a bus 132 and a communication interface 133, with the processor 130, the communication interface 133 and the memory 131 connected via the bus 132.

[0067] The memory 131 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 133 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. The bus 132 may be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 5 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0068] Processor 130 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 130 or by instructions in software form. Processor 130 may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can reside in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory 131, and processor 130 reads the information in memory 131 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0069] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are read and executed by a processor to perform the above-described method.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and apparatus described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0072] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0073] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An enhanced modular constructed wetland system, characterized in that, include: Multiple constructed wetland units are connected in sequence; two adjacent constructed wetland units are connected by a zigzag flow. Each constructed wetland unit includes, from top to bottom, an upper filler zone, a middle functional zone, and a bottom unfiller zone; a permeable isolation layer is provided between the upper filler zone and the middle functional zone; the upper filler zone is filled with zeolite filler for intercepting suspended solids and adsorbing ammonia nitrogen; the middle functional zone is filled with lightweight suspended filler; and the bottom unfiller zone is used for sediment sedimentation and aquatic organism habitat. Aquatic organisms were added to the middle functional zone and the bottom unfilled zone. A biological capture device, located within the constructed wetland unit, is used to attract and quantitatively capture the aquatic organisms in the middle functional zone and / or the bottom unfilled zone by deploying bait.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biocapture device includes: The first pipe fitting is vertically installed and penetrates the upper filler area and the permeable isolation layer, with its lower end extending to the bottom of the middle functional area; The second pipe fitting is horizontally disposed in the middle layer filler area, and the bottom of the second pipe fitting is connected to the bottom of the first pipe fitting; A capture tube, detachably inserted into the first tube, is used to attract and capture the aquatic organisms by deploying bait.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second pipe has an inlet hole in its wall, and the bottom of the capture pipe has a plug with a through hole. When the capture pipe is inserted into the first pipe, it communicates with the second pipe through the through hole.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening ratio of the first pipe fitting and the water inlet on the pipe fitting is maintained at 20%-30%.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An openable and closable inlet is provided on the side wall of the constructed wetland unit at a position corresponding to the middle functional zone, for adding or replacing the aquatic organisms to the middle functional zone.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The aquatic organisms include a first type of aquatic organisms placed in the middle functional zone and a second type of aquatic organisms placed in the unfilled zone.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a plant combination comprising calamus, canna lily, reed, and water bamboo.

8. The system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, A dissolved oxygen sensor is installed in the bottom unfilled area of ​​the constructed wetland unit; the system also includes a water pump connected to a water source and / or an aeration device installed in the wetland unit; the dissolved oxygen sensor, water pump and aeration device are all signal connected to a control unit.

9. A control method for an enhanced modular constructed wetland system, characterized in that, The method is applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1-8; the method includes: Obtain the first dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom unfilled area; If the first dissolved oxygen concentration is less than a preset threshold, increase the pump opening.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, If the first dissolved oxygen concentration is less than a preset threshold, after the step of increasing the pump opening, the method further includes: After a preset delay, the second dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom unfilled area is obtained; If the second dissolved oxygen concentration is still greater than the preset threshold, control the aeration device to increase its operating power and / or reduce the opening of the water pump.

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