Offshore floating photovoltaic power station lightning protection system and construction method thereof
By introducing lightning protection, downconduction systems, grounding devices, and real-time monitoring devices into offshore floating photovoltaic power stations, combined with anti-corrosion materials and standardized design, the problems of poor durability and low reliability of lightning protection systems for offshore floating photovoltaic power stations have been solved, achieving more efficient lightning current conduction and system stability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUANENG (ZHEJIANG) ENERGY DEV CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing lightning protection technologies are ill-suited to the high salt spray, strong corrosion, and dynamic floating environment of offshore floating photovoltaic power stations, resulting in short material lifespan, low current dissipation efficiency, lack of end-to-end collaborative protection, and reliance on experience in the design process, leading to insufficient reliability.
By employing lightning protection devices, down conductor systems, grounding devices, electromagnetic shielding devices, and real-time monitoring devices, combined with anti-corrosion materials and standardized design processes, a complete lightning protection system is formed, including lightning rods, vertical grounding electrodes, grounding grids, electromagnetic shielding, and real-time monitoring equipment.
It improves lightning current conduction efficiency, extends system life, enhances system reliability and maintainability, and ensures the safe and stable operation of offshore floating photovoltaic power stations.
Smart Images
Figure CN122000847A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of lightning protection for photovoltaic power generation, and more specifically, to a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea and its construction method. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation technology, offshore floating photovoltaic power stations are gradually becoming an important direction for new energy applications due to their advantages such as saving land resources and reducing water evaporation. However, the marine environment is characterized by high salt spray, strong corrosion, dynamic floating, and complex deep-sea currents, posing severe challenges to lightning protection systems. Existing lightning protection technologies are mostly designed for land-based or fixed marine structures (such as offshore wind power foundations), and generally adopt conventional methods such as grounding grids and lightning rods. However, such solutions are difficult to directly adapt to offshore floating scenarios. For example, traditional grounding systems rely on soil current dissipation, while seawater in the marine environment has high conductivity but strong corrosiveness, which easily leads to rapid aging of metal components; the structural dynamic characteristics of floating platforms result in poor stability of the downduct path and low efficiency in lightning current conduction. In addition, existing lightning protection designs often focus on a single link (such as grounding or lightning interception), lacking coordinated protection against risks across the entire marine environment, and are not incorporated into standardized calculation processes, relying on empirical design, resulting in insufficient reliability.
[0003] Specifically in the field of floating photovoltaics, while existing technologies attempt to achieve grounding through anchoring systems (such as connecting anchor blocks to the lakebed), these solutions are primarily designed for freshwater environments like lakes. Their materials have weak corrosion resistance, and their diffusion path designs are simple, making them unsuitable for the high salt spray corrosion and deep-sea diffusion requirements of the ocean. Furthermore, existing lightning protection systems often neglect real-time monitoring and dynamic maintenance, leading to a decline in lightning protection performance over long-term operation. Frequent and intense lightning activity in marine environments further amplifies these shortcomings, easily causing equipment damage, system failures, and other safety incidents. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea and its construction method, so as to alleviate the technical problems of poor durability and low reliability of existing lightning protection systems for floating photovoltaic power stations at sea.
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea. The system includes: a lightning protection device, comprising a lightning rod installed on top of the photovoltaic power station for guiding lightning current; a grounding system for guiding the lightning current guided by the lightning protection device into a grounding device; the grounding device including a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes arranged around the floating body channel, the vertical grounding electrodes being made of corrosion-resistant material and extending downwards from the grounding grid into the seabed; an electromagnetic shielding device installed inside the photovoltaic power station for reducing the transmission of lightning charge; and a real-time monitoring device including a thunderstorm early warning device, a grounding resistance testing device, and an induced voltage monitoring device for dynamically monitoring lightning events and triggering maintenance commands.
[0006] In some optional implementations, the grounding device further includes multi-point grounding, corresponding to multiple vertical grounding electrodes, which are arranged in a ring.
[0007] In some optional implementations, the corrosion-resistant material used for the aforementioned vertical grounding electrode is stainless steel-magnesium alloy; the minimum cross-sectional area of the aforementioned vertical grounding electrode is determined based on the peak lightning current, duration, and material coefficient.
[0008] In some alternative implementations, the aforementioned vertical grounding electrode is externally covered with a corrosion-resistant plastic-coated copper layer, and the aforementioned grounding grid is fixedly connected to the seabed via a floating anchoring system.
[0009] In some optional implementations, the system also includes a lightning protection design process module for performing the following operations: assessing environmental conditions and lightning risks based on geological exploration data to determine the grounding method; implementing insulation measures for the floating body, including hull painting, cleaning of grounding devices, and laying insulating materials around high-voltage equipment; and installing lightning rods and optimizing the layout of the aforementioned downdraft system based on the results of the aforementioned risk assessment.
[0010] In some alternative implementations, the electromagnetic shielding device includes a horizontal grounding wire laid inside the float, with a corrosion-resistant plastic-coated protective layer on the outside of the horizontal grounding wire, and maintaining an unobstructed electrical path between the horizontal grounding wire and the solar panel support.
[0011] In some alternative implementations, the aforementioned downleading system uses copper-clad steel or grounding cable material, and a grounding trunk line is installed around each floating array.
[0012] In some optional implementations, the real-time monitoring device further includes a lightning strike recording unit and a predictive maintenance unit; the lightning strike recording unit is used to record historical lightning strike data; the predictive maintenance unit is used to generate maintenance warnings based on the historical lightning strike data and equipment aging models; the maintenance warnings include the target maintenance equipment and maintenance time.
[0013] In some optional implementations, the height and layout of the lightning rods of the aforementioned lightning protection devices are dynamically optimized based on marine lightning activity data.
[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for constructing a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea. The method includes: installing a lightning protection device, including setting a lightning rod on top of the photovoltaic power station to guide lightning current; arranging a down-conducting system to guide the lightning current guided by the lightning protection device into a grounding device; constructing the grounding device, including installing a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes around the floating body channel, wherein the vertical grounding electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant material and extend downwards from the grounding grid into the seabed to form a low-impedance current dissipation path; installing an electromagnetic shielding device inside the photovoltaic power station to reduce the transmission of lightning charge; and integrating a real-time monitoring device, including a thunderstorm early warning device, a grounding resistance testing device, and an induced voltage monitoring device, to dynamically monitor lightning events and trigger maintenance commands.
[0015] This invention provides a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea and its construction method. The system includes: a lightning protection device installed on top of the photovoltaic power station for guiding lightning current; a grounding system for guiding lightning current into a grounding device; the grounding device includes a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes arranged around the floating body channel, the vertical grounding electrodes being made of corrosion-resistant material and extending downwards from the grounding grid into the seabed; an electromagnetic shielding device installed inside the photovoltaic power station for reducing the transmission of lightning charge; and a real-time monitoring device, including a thunderstorm early warning device, a grounding resistance testing device, and an induced voltage monitoring device, for dynamically monitoring lightning strike events and triggering maintenance commands. This invention solves the technical problems of poor durability and low reliability of the lightning protection system for floating photovoltaic power stations at sea, and achieves the effect of improving its operational safety, stability, and maintainability. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] In existing technologies, the application of lightning protection systems in marine floating photovoltaic scenarios faces the following main problems: First, there is a lack of dedicated lightning protection architecture for the highly corrosive and dynamically floating marine environment, resulting in short material lifespan and low current dissipation efficiency; second, lightning protection methods are fragmented, failing to form a coordinated system of lightning interception, downconduction, grounding, shielding, and monitoring, making it difficult to suppress secondary risks such as induced overvoltages; third, the design process relies on manual experience and lacks quantitative methods based on environmental parameters and standard calculations, resulting in poor adaptability.
[0020] Based on this, the present invention provides a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea and its construction method. By innovatively integrating anti-corrosion materials, full-link protection modules and standardized design processes, it solves the technical problems of durability, synergy and scientific nature of the lightning protection system for floating photovoltaic power stations at sea.
[0021] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, a detailed description of a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea, as disclosed in this embodiment of the invention, will be provided first. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 The diagram shows a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea. The system mainly includes: a lightning protection device 110, a downconducting system 120, a grounding device 130, an electromagnetic shielding device 140, and a real-time monitoring device 150. The above devices work together to form a full-link lightning protection system suitable for the dynamic floating environment of the ocean.
[0022] The aforementioned lightning protection device 110 may include a lightning rod installed on the top of the photovoltaic power station to guide the lightning current; the aforementioned down-leading system 120 may use a low-impedance conductor to guide the lightning current guided by the aforementioned lightning protection device into the grounding device.
[0023] Lightning rods are typically installed on the top of power plants to conduct lightning current into underground equipment, preventing damage to the power plant structure and equipment from lightning strikes.
[0024] The aforementioned grounding device 130 may include a grounding grid and a vertical grounding electrode arranged around the floating body channel. The vertical grounding electrode is made of corrosion-resistant material and extends downward from the grounding grid into the seabed. The grounding grid is connected to the seabed through the vertical grounding electrode to form a low-impedance current dissipation path.
[0025] Preferably, a grounding grid is installed around the floating channel of the offshore floating power station to connect the metal structure of the power station to the seabed, forming a low-impedance path to conduct lightning strike charges to the seabed. This helps reduce the induced potential and voltage of the structure and decreases the probability of lightning damage.
[0026] The aforementioned electromagnetic shielding device 140 is installed inside the photovoltaic power station to reduce the transmission of lightning strike charges. Inside the power station, electrical insulators can be installed to isolate different parts of the power station, further reducing the transmission of lightning strike charges.
[0027] Furthermore, the materials used in the structure and equipment of photovoltaic power stations should have excellent lightning protection performance and strong resistance to lightning strikes. For example, corrosion-resistant plastic-coated copper-plated materials can be used.
[0028] The aforementioned real-time monitoring device 150 may include thunderstorm early warning equipment, grounding resistance testing equipment, and induced voltage monitoring equipment, used to dynamically monitor lightning strike events and trigger maintenance commands.
[0029] Appropriate monitoring equipment should be installed in the power plant structure and equipment to promptly detect lightning strikes and take appropriate measures. Monitoring equipment may include thunderstorm alarm systems, induced voltage monitoring devices, and grounding resistance testing equipment.
[0030] In one embodiment, the grounding device 130 may further include multi-point grounding, corresponding to a plurality of vertical grounding electrodes, which are arranged in a ring to increase the current dissipation area.
[0031] In one embodiment, the vertical grounding electrode is made of stainless steel-magnesium alloy to withstand the high salt spray and strong corrosive environment of the ocean. The minimum cross-sectional area of the vertical grounding electrode is determined based on the peak lightning current, duration, and material coefficient.
[0032] Preferably, the conductor cross-sectional area can be designed according to IEEE standards, and the minimum cross-sectional area under different fault currents can be calculated using formulas; the grounding conductor cross-sectional area Asc is calculated according to IEEE standard formulas:
[0033] Where If is the peak lightning current, tc is the duration, and Kf is the material coefficient.
[0034] In one embodiment, the vertical grounding electrode is covered with a corrosion-resistant plastic-coated copper layer, and the grounding grid is fixedly connected to the seabed through a floating anchoring system.
[0035] In one embodiment, the system further includes a lightning protection design process module for performing the following operations: assessing environmental conditions and lightning risk based on geological exploration data to determine the grounding method; implementing insulation measures for the floating body, including hull painting, cleaning of grounding devices, and laying insulating materials around high-voltage equipment; and installing lightning rods and optimizing the layout of the down-draft system based on the results of the risk assessment.
[0036] Among these, environmental conditions and lightning risk assessment may include using resistivity, spontaneous potential or magnetic methods to detect soil electrical properties.
[0037] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic shielding device includes a horizontal grounding wire laid inside the float, the horizontal grounding wire being provided with a corrosion-resistant plastic coating protective layer, and maintaining an unobstructed electrical path between it and the solar panel support.
[0038] In one embodiment, the aforementioned downleading system is made of copper-clad steel or grounding cable, and a grounding trunk line is set around each floating array.
[0039] In one embodiment, the real-time monitoring device further includes a lightning strike recording unit and a predictive maintenance unit; the lightning strike recording unit is used to record historical lightning strike data; the predictive maintenance unit is used to generate maintenance warnings based on the historical lightning strike data and equipment aging models; the maintenance warnings include target maintenance equipment and maintenance time.
[0040] In one embodiment, the height and layout of the lightning rod of the above-mentioned lightning protection device are dynamically optimized based on marine lightning activity data.
[0041] This invention provides a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea. The system includes: a lightning protection device installed on top of the photovoltaic power station to guide lightning current; a grounding system to guide the lightning current into a grounding device; the grounding device includes a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes arranged around the floating body channel, the vertical grounding electrodes being made of corrosion-resistant material and extending downwards from the grounding grid into the seabed; an electromagnetic shielding device installed inside the photovoltaic power station to reduce the transmission of lightning charge; and a real-time monitoring device, including a thunderstorm early warning device, a grounding resistance testing device, and an induced voltage monitoring device, for dynamically monitoring lightning strikes and triggering maintenance commands. This system solves the technical problems of poor durability and low reliability in the lightning protection system of floating photovoltaic power stations at sea, achieving the effect of improving its operational safety, stability, and maintainability.
[0042] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for constructing a lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps S102 to S110: Step S102: Install lightning protection devices, including installing lightning rods on the top of the photovoltaic power station to guide lightning current; Step S104: Arrange the down-leading system to guide the lightning current guided by the above-mentioned lightning protection device into the grounding device; Step S106: Construct a grounding device, including installing a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes around the floating body channel, wherein the vertical grounding electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant material and extend downward from the grounding grid into the seabed to form a low-impedance current dissipation path. Step S108: Install an electromagnetic shielding device inside the photovoltaic power station to reduce the transmission of lightning charge. Step S110: Integrate real-time monitoring devices, including thunderstorm early warning devices, grounding resistance testing devices, and induced voltage monitoring devices, to dynamically monitor lightning strike events and trigger maintenance commands.
[0043] As a specific example, the design process of the above-mentioned lightning protection system can include the following key parts: (1) Environmental conditions and lightning risk assessment; Geological exploration and soil electrical property assessment first require geological exploration of the photovoltaic power station to obtain basic information on geology and soil. Geological exploration and soil electrical property research is an important direction in earth science, mainly studying the electrical conductivity of soil and underground rocks. For example, resistivity methods, spontaneous potential methods, and magnetic methods in geophysical exploration are all based on the electrical conductivity of soil and rocks. Resistivity methods can detect information such as the properties, shape, and spatial distribution of underground materials; spontaneous potential methods infer geological structures based on the distribution of underground potential; and magnetic methods can detect the content, location, and distribution of magnetic materials in underground materials. Based on the measured results, a suitable grounding method is determined, including various types such as single-point, mesh, and concentrated grounding.
[0044] (2) Insulation measures for the floating body; Because seawater is a good conductor, the hull of a floating photovoltaic power station installed in seawater must have insulation measures to reduce the risk of lightning strikes. Hull insulation measures can be broadly categorized into the following aspects: 1) Hull painting: Painting the hull can enhance its insulation properties and reduce electromagnetic and electrostatic interference from electrical equipment.
[0045] 2) Grounding System: Effective grounding of the ship's hull can improve its insulation performance and reduce the risk of leakage and electric shock from electrical equipment. Timely cleaning and maintenance of the grounding system are essential to ensure its conductivity.
[0046] 3) Hull insulation materials: For some high-voltage equipment, insulation materials can be laid around it to improve the safety factor.
[0047] (3) Install lightning rods; as a common lightning protection method, a certain number of lightning rods can be added to the sea around the floating photovoltaic power station to absorb the charge of lightning and thus reduce the lightning strike force.
[0048] (4) Design of downlead system and grounding system; To prevent direct strikes and the induced effects of lightning waves, a downconducting system and a grounding system can be designed, and the grounding resistance should be standardized to effectively absorb, discharge, and reflect lightning electromagnetic waves. For offshore floating photovoltaic power generation systems, grounding trunk lines should be installed around each floating array and along the main electrical equipment access route. These grounding trunk lines should preferably be made of copper-clad steel or grounding cables, and vertical grounding electrodes can be installed in the water.
[0049] Furthermore, the lightning protection design of offshore photovoltaic power plants also encounters several technical challenges, such as the selection and positioning of lightning rods, grounding grids, and grounding devices, as well as the design and arrangement of primary and secondary protection systems. To address these challenges, reasonable design approaches can be adopted, including considering system reliability and implementation safety. In another embodiment, the following measures can be taken to further improve the lightning protection capabilities of floating offshore photovoltaic power plants: 1) Install insulation barriers: Install insulation barriers, such as rubber strips or polyethylene sheets, around the power station structure and equipment to prevent lightning current from directly entering the structure and equipment.
[0050] 2) Regular maintenance of photovoltaic panels: If the surface of photovoltaic panels is damaged or peels off, its lightning protection capability will be weakened. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly inspect and maintain the surface of photovoltaic panels to ensure that they are intact.
[0051] 3) Equip with lightning protection devices: In the electrical system of the power station, appropriate lightning protection devices, such as surge arresters and withstand voltage cables, can be equipped to enhance the lightning protection capability of electrical equipment.
[0052] 4) Strengthen personnel training: Enhance staff's awareness and knowledge of lightning protection, cultivate their ability to identify and respond to lightning strike risks, and avoid accidents caused by negligence.
[0053] 5) Install lightning protection equipment: Install lightning protection equipment according to the lightning protection design plan and technical requirements, including detailed plans for lightning rods, contact mesh welding, grounding electrodes and conductors.
[0054] 6) Maintenance and inspection of lightning protection equipment: To ensure the long-term effective operation of lightning protection equipment, regular maintenance and inspection are required. For example, regularly check the reliability of lightning rods and grounding electrodes, and regularly test the grounding resistance.
[0055] By comprehensively applying various lightning protection technologies and strengthening the management and maintenance of power stations, the lightning protection performance of power stations can be improved, and the safe and stable operation of offshore floating photovoltaic power stations can be achieved.
[0056] In summary, the technical effects achievable by the embodiments of the present invention include: significantly improving lightning current conduction efficiency and reducing the probability of equipment damage; extending system life through anti-corrosion materials and dynamic monitoring; optimizing the design process to ensure the reliability and maintainability of lightning protection engineering, and providing key technical support for the safe and stable operation of offshore floating photovoltaic power stations.
[0057] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.
[0058] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.
[0059] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.
[0060] It should be noted that if the functionality is implemented as a software module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.
[0061] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.
[0062] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lightning protection system for a floating photovoltaic power station at sea, characterized in that, include: Lightning protection devices, including lightning rods installed on the top of photovoltaic power plants, are used to guide lightning current; The grounding system is used to guide the lightning current guided by the lightning protection device into the grounding device; The grounding device includes a grounding grid and a vertical grounding electrode arranged around the floating body channel. The vertical grounding electrode is made of corrosion-resistant material and extends downward from the grounding grid into the seabed. Electromagnetic shielding devices are installed inside photovoltaic power plants to reduce the transmission of lightning charges. Real-time monitoring devices, including thunderstorm early warning equipment, grounding resistance testing equipment, and induced voltage monitoring equipment, are used to dynamically monitor lightning strike events and trigger maintenance commands.
2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding device also includes multi-point grounding, corresponding to the number of vertical grounding electrodes, which are arranged in a ring.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corrosion-resistant material used for the vertical grounding electrode is stainless steel-magnesium alloy; the minimum cross-sectional area of the vertical grounding electrode is determined based on the peak lightning current, duration, and material coefficient.
4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical grounding electrode is covered with a corrosion-resistant plastic-coated copper layer, and the grounding grid is fixedly connected to the seabed through a floating anchoring system.
5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a lightning protection design process module, used to perform the following operations: Based on geological exploration data, environmental conditions and lightning risk assessments are conducted to determine the grounding configuration. Insulation measures were implemented for the floating body, including painting the hull, cleaning the grounding device, and laying insulating materials around the high-voltage equipment; Based on the results of the risk assessment, lightning rods were installed and the layout of the down-draft system was optimized.
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic shielding device includes a horizontal grounding wire laid inside the float, and a corrosion-resistant plastic-coated protective layer is provided on the outside of the horizontal grounding wire, and an electrical path is maintained between the horizontal grounding wire and the solar panel support.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downleading system is made of copper-clad steel or grounding cable, and a grounding trunk line is set around each floating array.
8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring device also includes a lightning strike recording unit and a predictive maintenance unit; The lightning strike recording unit is used to record historical lightning strike data; the predictive maintenance unit is used to generate maintenance warnings based on the historical lightning strike data and the equipment aging model. The maintenance warning includes the target maintenance equipment and the maintenance time.
9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height and layout of the lightning rods in the lightning protection device are dynamically optimized based on marine lightning activity data.
10. A method for constructing a lightning protection system for a floating offshore photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, include: Install lightning protection devices, including installing lightning rods on the top of the photovoltaic power station to guide lightning current; Arrange a down-leading system to guide the lightning current guided by the lightning protection device into the grounding device; Constructing a grounding device includes installing a grounding grid and vertical grounding electrodes around the floating body channel, wherein the vertical grounding electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant material and extend downward from the grounding grid into the seabed to form a low-impedance current dissipation path; Electromagnetic shielding devices are installed inside photovoltaic power plants to reduce the transmission of lightning charges. The system integrates real-time monitoring devices, including thunderstorm early warning equipment, grounding resistance testing equipment, and induced voltage monitoring equipment, to dynamically monitor lightning strike events and trigger maintenance commands.