Method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under macadamia nut forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadamia nut forest. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a standardized cultivation-management circulating unit; waste of the macadamia nut industry is used as a core raw material, and the culture medium is prepared according to the dry weight volume; paving the culture medium into the culture furrows, and then inoculating pleurotus citrinopileatus cultispecies by adopting a layer sowing or mixed sowing mode; an orchard drip irrigation system is started for humidity management, and nutrition is supplemented in the mushroom cultivation period after each flush of mushrooms is harvested; when pleurotus citrinopileatus sporocarp pilei are bright golden yellow, timely harvesting by adopting a rotating pulling method; after 2-3 times of mushrooms are harvested, mushroom bran which is rich in hypha protein and completely decomposed in the cultivation furrows and covering soil are turned over and buried into the deep position of the orchard soil on the spot. According to the method, a forest-fungus interplanting mode is adopted, the under-forest space ecological niche and fruit shells, branches and other solid wastes generated by the method are integrated and utilized, large-scale and wild-imitating cultivation of pleurotus citrinopileatus is conducted, and collaborative symbiosis and cyclic development of cultivating fungi with forests and promoting forests with fungi are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural circular economy technology, and in particular to a method for intercropping macadamia nut trees with yellow elm mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia nuts, as an important high-value economic forest tree, are widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions of my country. Mature orchards have wide row spacing (4-6 meters) and closed canopies, forming a stable and unique understory microenvironment: moderate light intensity (200-1000 Lux), high air humidity, stable diurnal temperature range, and good ventilation. Currently, most of the understory space in orchards is idle or only used for low-efficiency grass cover, resulting in inefficient use of land resources and "space waste." At the same time, the large amount of hard shells produced by nut processing and the large number of branches generated by annual pruning of orchards have become troublesome agricultural solid waste. Conventional treatment methods (piling, incineration) not only waste resources but may also cause environmental pollution and fire hazards.

[0003] Elm mushrooms are a rare edible fungus with both medicinal and culinary uses and a broad market prospect. Their growth requirements (preferring diffused light, shade, moisture, and ventilation) are highly compatible with the understory environment of macadamia nut forests. However, the current elm mushroom industry relies heavily on facility-based cultivation, which has problems such as high investment, high energy consumption, and product flavor differences compared to wild types. Although there have been some explorations in understory cultivation, they are mostly concentrated in traditional forest land and lack systematic solutions for macadamia nut orchards, which are specific to commercial orchards. In particular, they have failed to innovatively integrate the two major pain points of "disposing of orchard waste" and "efficient utilization of understory space," thus failing to form a replicable and sustainable circular agriculture model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for intercropping macadamia nut trees with elm mushrooms. This method adopts a forest-mushroom intercropping model, which integrates the ecological niche of macadamia nut trees under the forest and the solid waste such as fruit shells and branches generated by the trees themselves, to carry out large-scale, semi-wild cultivation of elm mushrooms and achieve synergistic symbiosis and circular development of "using forest to nourish mushrooms and using mushrooms to promote forest".

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees includes the following steps: S1. Construction of Cyclic Units: Select mature, high-yielding macadamia nut orchards with trees ≥4 years old, row spacing of 4-6 meters, plant spacing of 3-5 meters, and canopy closure of 0.6-0.7. Along the direction between the fruit trees, in the area from about 0.5-0.6 meters outside the drip line of the canopy to the center line between the rows, construct standardized “cultivation-management” cyclic units by alternating between cultivation beds and mechanized operation belts. S2. Preparation of cultivation substrate: The cultivation substrate is prepared using waste from the macadamia nut industry itself as the core raw material and based on dry weight volume. Then, it is sterilized by aerobic composting and atmospheric pressure steam. Aerobic composting: The uniformly mixed cultivation substrate is piled up, and the temperature at the center of the pile is controlled to reach 65-70℃ and maintained for 48-72 hours. During this period, the pile is turned over 2-3 times to promote uniform decomposition of the material. The total fermentation cycle is 12-15 days. This stage promotes the decomposition of raw materials, eliminates harmful substances and proliferates beneficial microorganisms. Atmospheric pressure steam sterilization: After fermentation, the cultivation substrate is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained at 100℃ for 6-8 hours. The hot steam penetrates the material to completely kill any remaining competitive bacteria, pests and their eggs, ensuring the dominant colonization of the elm yellow mushroom mycelium after inoculation. S3. Inoculation and biomimetic soil covering for mycelial growth: Spread the cultivation substrate into the cultivation bed to a thickness of 20-25 cm, with the dry substrate amount controlled at 15-20 kg / m². Then, inoculate the elm yellow mushroom spawn using a layer sowing or mixed sowing method, with an inoculation amount of 10%-15% of the dry substrate weight. Immediately after inoculation, cover with a 2-4 cm thick layer of moist fine garden soil, and finally cover the bed surface with breathable non-woven fabric. Maintain the substrate temperature at 20-28℃ using the stable temperature and humidity environment under the forest. Keep the soil moist by intermittent spraying. After about 25-35 days, the mycelium can penetrate the soil layer, marking the completion of mycelial growth. S4. Precise biomimetic control of the environment during the fruiting period: Water and fertilizer coordination: Remove non-woven fabric and use a low-pressure micro-spray system based on the orchard drip irrigation system for humidity management. Control the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom growing area at 85%-95%. During the mycelium cultivation period after each flush of mushrooms is harvested, spray a compound solution of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% urea through the low-pressure micro-spray system to supplement nutrients. Light and temperature coupling: Relying on the natural shading of the canopy, the intensity of diffused light in the fruiting area is controlled at 300-800 Lux. Combined with the climate pattern, the main fruiting period is arranged in the spring and autumn seasons with the most suitable temperature, so as to stagger the peak of the germination, flowering and fruit enlargement period of macadamia nuts, reduce the competition for water, light and nutrients. During this period, natural ventilation between rows is relied upon, and weeds in the work area are cleaned regularly to keep the environment clean. S5. Harvesting and initial processing: When the cap of the elm yellow mushroom fruiting body is bright golden yellow, the edge is slightly rolled inward, and it is not completely flat, it should be harvested in time using the "rotation lifting method". Fresh mushrooms can be marketed immediately, or they can be dried at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is ≤12% and then vacuum packaged. S6. Closed-loop afforestation and system circulation of mushroom residue: After harvesting 2-3 flushes of mushrooms, the fully decomposed mushroom residue rich in mycelial protein in the cultivation bed, together with the covering soil, is turned over and buried in the orchard soil to a depth of 15-20 cm using a small rotary tiller, completing the closed-loop cycle from "orchard waste" to "orchard nutrients".

[0006] Furthermore: In S1, the cultivation bed is 0.8-1.2 meters wide and 20-25 centimeters deep. A 1.5-2.0 meter wide flat working strip is reserved between two adjacent cultivation beds. After the bottom of the cultivation bed is flattened, it is sprayed with 5% lime water for disinfection.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, soil pH can be adjusted and the acidic soil environment can be improved.

[0008] Furthermore, in S1, the bottom of the cultivation bed is covered with a 3-5cm thick mixed layer of broken tiles and coarse sand in a 1:1 ratio to enhance drainage performance.

[0009] Furthermore, in S2, the cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 15%-25%, macadamia nut and orchard pruning branch scraps: 30%-40%, cottonseed hulls or corn cobs: 25%-35%, wheat bran or rice bran: 8%-12%, gypsum powder: 1%-2%, and lime powder: 1%-2%.

[0010] Further: In S2, the cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 23-28%, sugarcane bagasse: 20-30%, sawdust: 30-40%, wheat bran: 5-10%, lime powder: 1-3%.

[0011] Furthermore: In S3, the fine garden soil needs to be exposed to the sun for 3 days, sprayed with 0.1% carbendazim solution for disinfection, and dried until it can be formed into a ball when squeezed in the hand and crumbles when released.

[0012] Furthermore: In S4, the nozzle of the spray system is 30-50 cm away from the bed surface and the droplet size is 50-150 micrometers.

[0013] Furthermore: In S4, during the high-temperature period in summer, a retractable shade net with a shading rate of 30-50% can be erected 50-80 cm above the ridge to assist in cooling; during the low-temperature period in winter, a small transparent plastic film arched shed can be built to increase and retain heat.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, this invention adopts a forest-fungus intercropping model, which integrates the ecological niche of the forest under the forest and the solid waste such as fruit shells and branches generated by the mushroom itself to carry out large-scale, semi-wild cultivation of elm yellow mushroom, so as to achieve synergistic symbiosis and circular development of "using forest to nourish fungi and using fungi to promote forest".

[0015] Secondly, this invention uses a biomimetic structure of "fungus-substrate-soil" for understory mycelium growth and mushroom production, and integrates a micro-spraying system and adjustable facilities for precise environmental control. Finally, all waste fungus residue is returned to the field, thus constructing a closed-loop cycle chain of "waste resource utilization → edible fungus production → soil improvement". Thirdly, this invention constructs a non-competitive symbiotic relationship between nuts and edible fungi through spatial stratification of "forest above and fungi below", staggered timing of "spring and autumn mushroom production", and coordinated management of "integrated water and fertilizer", thereby achieving efficient and composite utilization of land resources. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is the operation flow diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the ecological cycle system within the macadamia nut plantation of this invention; Figure 3 This is a picture of healthy fruiting of the macadamia nut forest yellow mushroom according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0019] Example 1, Location: Jiangcheng County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province Site: Select a standardized macadamia nut orchard with 8-year-old trees, 5-meter row spacing, and a canopy density of 0.7.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-3 A method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees includes the following steps: S1. Construction of Cyclic Units: Select mature, high-yielding macadamia nut orchards with trees ≥4 years old, row spacing of 4-6 meters, plant spacing of 3-5 meters, and canopy closure of 0.6-0.7. Along the direction between the fruit trees, in the area from about 0.5 meters outside the drip line of the canopy to the center line between the rows, construct standardized “cultivation-management” cyclic units by alternating between cultivation beds and mechanized operation belts. The cultivation beds are 0.8-1.2 meters wide and 20-25 centimeters deep. After the bottom of the cultivation beds is leveled, they are sprayed with 5% lime water for disinfection. A 1.5-2.0 meter wide leveling work strip is reserved between two adjacent cultivation beds. The leveling work strip is paved with crushed stone and compacted to avoid muddy conditions during the rainy season that would affect the passage of machinery and daily management, so as to ensure that the fruit tree roots are not disturbed, and at the same time to reserve mechanized interfaces for understory operations. S2. Preparation of cultivation substrate: The cultivation substrate consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 15%-25%, macadamia nut and orchard pruning branch scraps: 30%-40%, cottonseed hulls or corn cobs: 25%-35%, wheat bran or rice bran: 8%-12%, gypsum powder: 1%-2%, lime powder: 1%-2%. Then, aerobic composting and normal pressure steam sterilization are carried out. Among them, the particle size of macadamia nut shell crushed material is 0.5-2.0cm and needs to be exposed to the sun in summer for 5-7 days. Aerobic composting: The uniformly mixed cultivation substrate is piled up, and the temperature at the center of the pile is controlled to reach 65-70℃ and maintained for 48-72 hours. During this period, the pile is turned over 2-3 times to promote uniform decomposition of the material. The total fermentation cycle is 12-15 days. This stage promotes the decomposition of raw materials, eliminates harmful substances, and proliferates beneficial microorganisms, enriching the beneficial microbial community and creating a good micro-ecological foundation for subsequent mycelial growth. Atmospheric pressure steam sterilization: After fermentation, the cultivation substrate is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained at 100℃ for 6-8 hours. The hot steam penetrates the material to completely kill any remaining competitive bacteria, pests and their eggs, ensuring the dominant colonization of the elm yellow mushroom mycelium after inoculation. S3. Inoculation and biomimetic soil covering for mycelial growth: Spread the cultivation substrate into the cultivation bed to a thickness of 20-25 cm, with the dry material amount controlled at 15-20 kg / m². Then, inoculate the elm yellow mushroom spawn using a layer sowing or mixed sowing method, with an inoculation amount of 10%-15% of the dry material weight. Immediately after inoculation, cover with a 2-4 cm thick layer of moist fine garden soil. The fine garden soil needs to be exposed to the sun for 3 days and disinfected by spraying with 0.1% carbendazim solution. Let it dry until it can be formed into a ball when squeezed in the hand and crumbles when released. Finally, cover the bed surface with breathable non-woven fabric. Use the stable temperature and humidity environment under the forest to maintain the substrate temperature at 20-28℃. Keep the soil moist by intermittent spraying. After about 25-35 days, the mycelium can penetrate the soil layer, which indicates that the mycelium growth is complete. S4. Precise biomimetic control of the environment during the fruiting period: Water and fertilizer coordination: Remove non-woven fabric and use a low-pressure micro-spray system based on the orchard drip irrigation system for humidity management. The nozzle is 30-50 cm away from the bed surface and the droplet size is 50-150 micrometers. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom growing area is controlled at 85%-95%. During the mycelium cultivation period after each flush of mushrooms is harvested, a compound solution containing 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% urea is sprayed through the low-pressure micro-spray system to supplement nutrients. Light and temperature coupling: Relying on the natural shading of the canopy, the intensity of diffused light in the fruiting area is controlled at 300-800 Lux. Combined with the climate pattern, the main fruiting period is arranged in the spring from March to May and the autumn from September to November, which are the most suitable temperatures. This is staggered with the budding and flowering period of macadamia nuts from February to April and the fruit enlargement period from July to September, reducing competition for water, light and nutrients. During this period, natural ventilation between rows is relied upon, and weeds in the work area are cleaned regularly to keep the environment clean. During the high temperatures of summer, retractable shade nets with a shading rate of 30-50% can be erected 50-80 cm above the ridges to help cool the plants. During the low temperatures of winter, small transparent plastic film arched sheds can be built to increase and retain heat. S5. Harvesting and initial processing: When the cap of the elm yellow mushroom fruiting body is bright golden yellow, the edge is slightly rolled inward, and it is not completely flat, it should be harvested in time using the "rotation lifting method". The harvesting time is selected between 8 and 9 am, when the fruiting body has sufficient moisture and the quality is best. Fresh mushrooms can be marketed immediately, or they can be dried at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is ≤12% and then vacuum packaged. S6. Closed-loop afforestation and system circulation of mushroom residue: After harvesting 2-3 flushes of mushrooms, the fully decomposed mushroom residue rich in mycelial protein in the cultivation bed, together with the covering soil, is turned over and buried in the orchard soil to a depth of 15-20 cm using a small rotary tiller, completing the closed-loop cycle from "orchard waste" to "orchard nutrients".

[0021] Example 2 Location: Ximeng County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province Site: A 6-year-old macadamia nut orchard with a canopy closure of 0.65 in Mengsuo Town, Ximeng County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province. The area is located on the southwestern border of Yunnan Province and has a subtropical mountain monsoon climate. Compared with Jiangcheng County, it has higher annual precipitation (average 1900-2200mm) and a longer rainy season (May-October). The relative humidity of the air is maintained above 80% all year round. During the high-temperature period in summer (July-August), the extreme temperature can reach 32℃. The ventilation under the forest is slightly poor. The soil is slightly acidic red soil with a pH value of 5.0-5.5.

[0022] The difference from Example 1 is that: A method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees includes the following steps: S1. Construction of Cyclic Units: Select mature, high-yielding macadamia nut orchards with trees ≥4 years old, row spacing of 4-6 meters, plant spacing of 3-5 meters, and canopy closure of 0.6-0.7. Along the direction between the fruit trees, in the area from about 0.6 meters outside the drip line of the canopy to the center line between the rows, construct standardized “cultivation-management” cyclic units by alternating cultivation beds and mechanized operation belts. The cultivation beds are 0.8-1.2 meters wide and 20-25 centimeters deep. A 3-5 cm thick layer of a 1:1 mixture of broken tiles and coarse sand is laid at the bottom of the beds to enhance drainage. After leveling the bottom of the beds, a 5% lime solution is sprayed for disinfection, along with a 150g / m² lime spray solution. 2 Apply the appropriate amount of wood ash, and then gently rake it to mix it evenly with the surface soil to adjust the soil pH and improve the acidic soil environment. A 1.5-2.0 meter wide flat work strip is reserved between two adjacent cultivation beds. The flat work strip is paved with crushed stone and compacted to avoid muddy conditions during the rainy season that would affect the passage of machinery and daily management, so as to ensure that the fruit tree roots are not disturbed, and at the same time to reserve a mechanized interface for understory operations. S2. Preparation of cultivation substrate: The cultivation substrate consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 23-28%, sugarcane bagasse: 20-30%, sawdust: 30-40%, wheat bran: 5-10%, lime powder: 1-3%. Then, aerobic composting and fermentation and sterilization with normal pressure steam are carried out. The particle size of the macadamia nut shell crushed material is 0.8-1.5cm and needs to be exposed to the sun in summer for 5-7 days to reduce bacteria and moisture. The sugarcane bagasse is crushed to a length of 1.2cm. Aerobic composting: The uniformly mixed cultivation substrate is piled up, and the temperature at the center of the pile is controlled to reach 65-68℃ and maintained for 72 hours. During this period, the pile is turned 2-3 times to promote uniform decomposition of the material. A small amount of dry sawdust is added each time the pile is turned to adjust the moisture content. The total fermentation cycle is 12-15 days. This stage promotes the decomposition of raw materials, eliminates harmful substances, and proliferates beneficial microorganisms, enriching the beneficial microbial community and creating a good micro-ecological foundation for subsequent mycelial growth. Atmospheric pressure steam sterilization: After fermentation, the cultivation substrate is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained at 100°C for 8 hours. The hot steam penetrates the material to completely kill any remaining competitive bacteria, pests and their eggs. After sterilization, the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is adjusted to 60% to ensure the dominant colonization of the elm yellow mushroom mycelium after inoculation. S4. Precise biomimetic control of the environment during the fruiting period: Water and fertilizer synergy: Remove non-woven fabric and use a low-pressure micro-spray system based on the orchard drip irrigation system for humidity management. The nozzle is 40 cm away from the bed surface and the droplet size is 80-120 micrometers. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom growing area is controlled at 85%-90%. During the mycelium cultivation period after each flush of mushrooms is harvested, a compound solution containing 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% urea and 0.02% boric acid is sprayed through the low-pressure micro-spray system twice, with an interval of 3 days, to supplement nutrients. Light and temperature coupling: Relying on the natural shading of the forest canopy, the intensity of diffused light in the fruiting area is controlled at 400-700 Lux. Combined with the climate pattern, the main fruiting period is arranged in the spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) when the temperature is most suitable. This is staggered with the budding and flowering period of macadamia nuts in February-April and the fruit enlargement period in July-September, reducing competition for water, light and nutrients. During this period, natural ventilation between rows is relied upon, with ventilation twice a day for 2 hours each time. Weeds in the work area are cleaned regularly to keep the environment clean. During the high temperatures of summer, retractable shade nets with a shading rate of 30-50% can be erected 50-80 cm above the furrows to help lower the temperature. During the low temperatures of winter, small transparent plastic film arched sheds 50 cm high can be built to increase and retain the temperature inside the furrows to 18-22℃.

[0023] Setting up experiments 1. Experimental Design: A randomized block design was adopted, with 6 treatments, each of which was replicated 3 times. The area of ​​each replicate plot was 60m² (corresponding to the understory space of about 6 nut trees).

[0024] 2. Experimental Grouping 3. Comparison of growth indicators of *Pleurotus ostreatus* under different treatments Results Analysis: 1. There was no significant difference in biological conversion rate and yield per mu between experimental group 1 and control group 1 (facility cultivation), but the contamination rate of experimental group 1 was slightly higher than that of control group 1 (2.3% vs 1.8%), mainly due to the openness of the understory environment; compared with experimental group 3 (non-fermentation), the biological conversion rate of experimental group 1 increased by 32.6% and the contamination rate decreased by 81.7%, verifying the core role of the two-stage treatment; compared with experimental group 4 (no soil covering), the biological conversion rate of experimental group 1 increased by 15.5% and the primordia formation time was shortened by 6.2 days, verifying the mushroom-promoting effect of the soil covering structure; there was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, indicating that returning the substrate residue to the field had no negative impact on the yield of elm yellow mushrooms in the current season.

[0025] 4. Changes in soil physicochemical properties before and after returning mushroom residue to the field Results analysis: The treatment of experimental group 1 (returning mushroom residue to the field) significantly improved various soil indicators: organic matter increased by 14.0%, total nitrogen increased by 23.2%, available phosphorus increased by 26.8%, available potassium increased by 14.8%, and soil bulk density decreased by 10.1%; the soil improvement effect of experimental group 2 (no mushroom residue returned to the field) was weak, with no significant difference from control group 2; the pH value increased from 5.23 to 5.82, which is close to the suitable range of elm yellow mushroom (5.5-6.5), and is also conducive to the growth of macadamia nuts (suitable pH 5.5-6.5).

[0026] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make inventive modifications to this embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construction of Cyclic Units: Select mature, high-yielding macadamia nut orchards with trees ≥4 years old, row spacing of 4-6 meters, plant spacing of 3-5 meters, and canopy closure of 0.6-0.

7. Along the direction between the fruit trees, in the area from about 0.5-0.6 meters outside the drip line of the canopy to the center line between the rows, construct standardized "cultivation-management" cyclic units by alternating cultivation beds and mechanized operation belts. S2. Preparation of cultivation substrate: The cultivation substrate is prepared using waste from the macadamia nut industry itself as the core raw material and based on dry weight volume. Then, it is sterilized by aerobic composting and atmospheric pressure steam. Aerobic composting: The uniformly mixed cultivation substrate is piled up, and the temperature at the center of the pile is controlled to reach 65-70℃ and maintained for 48-72 hours. During this period, the pile is turned over 2-3 times to promote uniform decomposition of the material. The total fermentation cycle is 12-15 days. This stage promotes the decomposition of raw materials, eliminates harmful substances and proliferates beneficial microorganisms. Atmospheric pressure steam sterilization: After fermentation, the cultivation substrate is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained at 100℃ for 6-8 hours. The hot steam penetrates the material to completely kill any remaining competitive bacteria, pests and their eggs, ensuring the dominant colonization of the elm yellow mushroom mycelium after inoculation. S3. Inoculation and biomimetic soil covering for mycelial growth: Spread the cultivation substrate into the cultivation bed to a thickness of 20-25 cm, with the dry substrate amount controlled at 15-20 kg / m². Then, inoculate the elm yellow mushroom spawn using a layer sowing or mixed sowing method, with an inoculation amount of 10%-15% of the dry substrate weight. Immediately after inoculation, cover with a 2-4 cm thick layer of moist fine garden soil, and finally cover the bed surface with breathable non-woven fabric. Maintain the substrate temperature at 20-28℃ using the stable temperature and humidity environment under the forest. Keep the soil moist by intermittent spraying. After about 25-35 days, the mycelium can penetrate the soil layer, marking the completion of mycelial growth. S4. Precise biomimetic control of the environment during the fruiting period: Water and fertilizer coordination: Remove non-woven fabric and use a low-pressure micro-spray system based on the orchard drip irrigation system for humidity management. Control the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom growing area at 85%-95%. During the mycelium cultivation period after each flush of mushrooms is harvested, spray a compound solution of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% urea through the low-pressure micro-spray system to supplement nutrients. Light and temperature coupling: Relying on the natural shading of the canopy, the intensity of diffused light in the fruiting area is controlled at 300-800 Lux. Combined with the climate pattern, the main fruiting period is arranged in the spring and autumn seasons with the most suitable temperature, so as to stagger the peak of the germination, flowering and fruit enlargement period of macadamia nuts, reduce the competition for water, light and nutrients. During this period, natural ventilation between rows is relied upon, and weeds in the work area are cleaned regularly to keep the environment clean. S5. Harvesting and initial processing: When the cap of the fruiting body of the elm yellow mushroom is bright golden yellow, the edge is slightly rolled inward, and it is not completely flat, it should be harvested in time using the "rotation lifting method". Fresh mushrooms can be marketed immediately, or they can be dried at a low temperature of 50-60℃ until the moisture content is ≤12% and then vacuum packaged. S6. Closed-loop afforestation and system circulation of mushroom residue: After harvesting 2-3 flushes of mushrooms, the fully decomposed mushroom residue rich in mycelial protein in the cultivation bed, together with the covering soil, is turned over and buried in the orchard soil to a depth of 15-20 cm using a small rotary tiller, completing the closed-loop cycle from "orchard waste" to "orchard nutrients".

2. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the cultivation bed is 0.8-1.2 meters wide and 20-25 centimeters deep. A 1.5-2.0 meter wide flat working strip is reserved between two adjacent cultivation beds. After the bottom of the cultivation bed is flattened, it is sprayed with 5% lime water for disinfection.

3. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the bottom of the cultivation bed is covered with a 3-5cm thick mixed layer of broken tiles and coarse sand in a 1:1 ratio to enhance drainage performance.

4. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 15%-25%, macadamia nut and orchard pruning branch scraps: 30%-40%, cottonseed hulls or corn cobs: 25%-35%, wheat bran or rice bran: 8%-12%, gypsum powder: 1%-2%, lime powder: 1%-2%.

5. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the cultivation substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: macadamia nut shell crushed material: 23-28%, sugarcane bagasse: 20-30%, sawdust: 30-40%, wheat bran: 5-10%, and lime powder: 1-3%.

6. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the fine garden soil needs to be exposed to the sun for 3 days and sprayed with 0.1% carbendazim solution for disinfection. It should then be dried until it can be formed into a ball when squeezed in the hand but crumbles when released.

7. The method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the nozzle of the spray system is 30-50 cm away from the bed surface and the droplet size is 50-150 micrometers.

8. A method for intercropping macadamia nut mushrooms under macadamia trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, during the high-temperature period in summer, a retractable shade net with a shading rate of 30-50% can be erected 50-80 cm above the ridge to assist in cooling; during the low-temperature period in winter, a small transparent plastic film arched shed can be built to increase and retain heat.

Images