Coal mine area water resource purification system

Abstract

The invention relates to a coal mine area water resource purification system which can accurately diagnose the type of water quality by integrating real-time monitoring of key water quality parameters such as hardness and turbidity, and adopts a two-dimensional threshold matrix to judge logic. The first treatment branch is focused on efficient removal of calcium and magnesium ions, and the problem of scaling of high-hardness water is solved through ion exchange softening and optional deep stabilization treatment; the second treatment branch is used for deeply removing turbidity by combining high-density clarification and ultrafiltration membrane filtration for high-suspended-matter water, and stable and standard recycled water is produced after effluent of the two branches is converged and disinfected. Therefore, the problems of low purification efficiency, high energy consumption and chemical consumption, unstable operation, easiness in scaling or blockage and the like caused by the fact that a fixed technological process cannot adapt to severe fluctuation of water quality of coal mine water are solved, the water quality working condition is dynamically matched, the purification efficiency and stability are improved, and the operation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water pollution prevention and control technology, and in particular to a water resource purification system for coal mining areas. Background Technology

[0002] Water resource management and environmental protection are important technological fields for ensuring industrial production and ecological security. Among them, the purification and treatment of industrial wastewater is a key link in realizing the recycling of water resources. Coal mine water, as a typical type of industrial wastewater, requires efficient purification for the protection of water resources and sustainable development in mining areas.

[0003] The quality of coal mine water is significantly affected by geological conditions, mining activities, and seasonal rainfall, often exhibiting two typical and drastically fluctuating characteristics: during the dry season, the water becomes concentrated and its hardness (Ca) increases. 2+ Mg 2+ High levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) can easily lead to scaling in subsequent pipelines and equipment. During the rainy season, surface runoff flows in, causing a sharp increase in suspended solids and turbidity, resulting in blockages in treatment facilities and increased consumption of chemicals.

[0004] In related technologies, the treatment of coal mine water often employs fixed process flows, such as "coagulation sedimentation + filtration + disinfection" or full-process ion exchange softening. These treatment methods have significant shortcomings when facing drastic fluctuations in water quality: during the dry season, high water hardness and total dissolved solids concentrations prevent the fixed process from effectively removing scaling ions, exacerbating the risk of scaling in subsequent pipelines and equipment; during the rainy season, suspended solids and turbidity rise sharply, easily clogging the softening units in the fixed process, causing operational interruptions and frequent regeneration, significantly increasing reagent consumption and operating costs. Furthermore, the water purification systems in these technologies lack intelligent sensing of real-time water quality parameters and the ability to adaptively adjust the process, failing to dynamically optimize the treatment path based on water quality characteristics. This results in low overall purification efficiency and high energy and reagent consumption, failing to meet the actual needs of economical and efficient water purification in coal mining areas, and urgently requires a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a coal mine water purification system to solve the problems in related technologies where fixed process flows cannot adapt to drastic fluctuations in coal mine water quality, resulting in low purification efficiency, high energy and chemical consumption, unstable operation, and easy scaling or clogging. The system dynamically matches water quality conditions, improves purification efficiency and stability, and reduces operating costs.

[0006] This application provides a coal mine water purification system, comprising a multi-parameter online monitoring unit, a central intelligent control unit, a dynamic diversion device, a first treatment branch and a second treatment branch connected in parallel, a manifold, a disinfection unit, and a product water storage tank, connected sequentially along the water flow direction.

[0007] The multi-parameter online monitoring unit is deployed in the main inlet pipe to detect the inlet water quality in real time and obtain real-time water quality data. The real-time water quality data includes at least hardness and turbidity values.

[0008] The central intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the multi-parameter online monitoring unit and the dynamic diversion device, and is used to process the real-time water quality data according to the preset decision logic and generate diversion control instructions corresponding to the water quality type.

[0009] The dynamic diversion device is deployed downstream of the main inlet pipe and is used to selectively divert the inlet water to the first treatment branch or the second treatment branch, or to simultaneously divert it to both branches for parallel processing, according to the diversion control command.

[0010] The first processing branch includes an ion exchange softening device for removing calcium and magnesium ions, and a security filter located downstream of the ion exchange softening device.

[0011] The second processing branch includes a high-density clarifier and an ultrafiltration membrane assembly for removing suspended solids;

[0012] The outlets of the first and second treatment branches are both connected to the inlet of the manifold, and the outlet of the manifold is connected in sequence to the disinfection unit and the product water storage tank.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments, the multi-parameter online monitoring unit includes: a turbidity sensor for measuring the concentration of suspended solids in the influent, a total dissolved solids sensor for measuring the total dissolved solids, a hardness online analyzer for directly measuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, and a pH meter for measuring the pH value of the influent.

[0014] Optionally, in some embodiments, the preset decision logic is: to classify water quality based on a two-dimensional threshold matrix composed of the hardness value and the turbidity value, wherein the water quality classification includes at least high hardness-dominated type, high turbidity-dominated type and mixed type;

[0015] When the quality of the influent is determined to be mixed, the diversion control command is a mixed mode command that causes the dynamic diversion device to divert the influent to the first processing branch and the second processing branch for parallel processing.

[0016] Optionally, in some embodiments, the mixing mode instruction includes a water allocation ratio for the first processing branch and the second processing branch, the water allocation ratio being dynamically determined by the central intelligent control unit based on the hardness value and the turbidity value measured in real time.

[0017] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first processing branch is further connected in series with a deep softening module downstream of the ion exchange softening device and upstream of the security filter. The deep softening module is a combination device of carbon dioxide aeration and calcium carbonate crystallization, or a weak acid cation exchange device.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments, the selection and operating parameters of the deep softening module are dynamically controlled by the central intelligent control unit based on the pH or alkalinity measurement value of the effluent from the ion exchange softening device.

[0019] Optionally, in some embodiments, the coal mine water purification system further includes: a wastewater co-treatment unit, the inlet of which is connected to the regeneration wastewater discharge port of the ion exchange softening device, the sludge discharge port of the high-density clarifier, and the backwash wastewater discharge port of the ultrafiltration membrane module.

[0020] The wastewater co-treatment unit is configured to transport the reclaimed wastewater to the high-density clarification tank.

[0021] Optionally, in some embodiments, the dynamic diversion device is an electrically adjustable three-way valve, or is composed of two electrically operated switching valves connected in parallel, which are controlled by the central intelligent control unit and are synchronously linked.

[0022] Optionally, in some embodiments, the regeneration trigger of the ion exchange softening device is determined and automatically started by the central intelligent control unit based on the cumulative treated water volume and / or the real-time effluent hardness value of the ion exchange softening device.

[0023] Optionally, in some embodiments, the central intelligent control unit is also used to dynamically adjust the dosage of coagulant and coagulant aid in the high-density clarifier based on the turbidity value and pH value.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0025] (1) More accurate and adaptable: This application makes water quality diagnosis more accurate through multi-dimensional parameters, especially direct hardness measurement and two-dimensional matrix judgment; the "mixed treatment mode" can flexibly cope with complex water quality during the transition period and avoid the blind spot of switching between the two.

[0026] (2) Improved stability of purification system and quality of effluent: The purification system of this application is equipped with a deep softening module, which solves the problem of high alkalinity of softened water, ensures the disinfection effect and pipeline safety of the back end, and makes the quality of produced water more stable.

[0027] (3) Reduce operating costs: This application achieves optimized allocation of treatment load through dynamic diversion; co-treatment of wastewater (using waste to treat waste) reduces external discharge treatment costs and consumption of fresh reagents.

[0028] (4) High degree of resource utilization: This application realizes the reuse of water resources and the internal recycling of some waste liquid, which reflects the green circular concept.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coal mine water purification system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a hybrid processing mode according to a specific embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0034] A coal mine water purification system according to an embodiment of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a coal mine water purification system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a coal mine water purification system 10 (hereinafter referred to as "system 10") includes: a multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100, a central intelligent control unit 200, a dynamic diversion device 300, a first treatment branch A and a second treatment branch B arranged in parallel, a manifold 400, a disinfection unit 500, and a water production storage tank 600, which are connected sequentially along the water flow direction.

[0037] The system 10 in this embodiment adopts a closed-loop control strategy of "sensing-diagnosis-decision-execution-optimization". After the raw water enters the system 10 through the inlet main pipe, the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 first performs real-time water quality analysis. The central intelligent control unit 200 intelligently decides the processing path based on the water quality characteristics. The dynamic diversion device 300 executes the diversion command. The first processing branch A and the second processing branch B process water with different water quality characteristics in parallel. Finally, they are merged through the manifold 400, disinfected by the disinfection unit 500, and stored in the product water storage tank 600 for reuse. In addition, various types of wastewater generated by the system 10 enter the wastewater co-treatment unit to realize resource utilization.

[0038] The following will describe in detail the components and principles of the system 10 in this embodiment.

[0039] The multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 is deployed in the main inlet pipe to detect the inlet water quality in real time and obtain real-time water quality data, which includes at least hardness and turbidity values.

[0040] The multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 of this application embodiment integrates various water quality sensors and necessary auxiliary equipment (such as sampling pumps, pretreatment devices, and data acquisition modules) to continuously and automatically acquire physicochemical parameters representing different pollution characteristics from flowing raw water, and convert these data into standard electrical signals for transmission to the central intelligent control unit 200. Deployed in the inlet main pipe, the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 can capture water quality changes in real time, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of subsequent decision-making and processing.

[0041] In this embodiment, the real-time water quality data is a set of water quality parameter measurements that are continuously or frequently updated by the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100. It can reflect the instantaneous state of the water quality at the monitoring point. Moreover, this real-time water quality data is different from intermittent sampling analysis in the laboratory. It is the basis for driving the central intelligent control unit 200 to make dynamic and rapid process adjustments, enabling the system 10 to respond to hourly or even minute-level fluctuations in water quality.

[0042] The hardness value in this application embodiment is a key indicator for judging the tendency of water to form scale and determining whether softening is necessary. This indicator is also one of the core criteria for triggering the system 10 to enter the "high hardness water treatment mode" (i.e., switching to the first treatment branch).

[0043] The turbidity value in this embodiment of the application characterizes the physical quantity of light scattering and absorption by suspended particulate matter (such as silt, colloids, and microorganisms) in water. A high turbidity value is one of the core criteria for triggering system 10 to enter the "high turbidity water treatment mode" (i.e., switching to the second treatment branch), and it is also a key parameter for optimizing the dosage of coagulant.

[0044] Optionally, in some embodiments, the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 includes: a turbidity sensor for measuring the concentration of suspended solids in the influent, a total dissolved solids sensor for measuring the total dissolved solids, a hardness online analyzer for directly measuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, and a pH meter for measuring the pH value of the influent.

[0045] In this application, the turbidity sensor is based on light scattering. It emits a beam of light of a specific wavelength (such as near-infrared light) into the incoming water and detects the intensity of the scattered light at a specific angle (such as 90°) to the incident light. The intensity of the scattered light is proportional to the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the water. After calibration, the turbidity value can be directly output. The total dissolved solids sensor indirectly estimates the total dissolved solids content by measuring the conductivity of the water sample and combining it with temperature compensation. This is because inorganic salts (ions) dissolved in water are good conductors, and their total concentration is positively correlated with the conductivity of the aqueous solution. The TDS value in this application serves as an auxiliary reference for hardness values ​​and an indicator of the overall mineralization of the incoming water, helping to more comprehensively assess water quality and predict treatment difficulty. The online hardness analyzer in this application is an instrument that can directly and selectively measure the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, providing the most direct and accurate hardness measurement results. It is a key device to ensure accurate and reliable judgment of "high hardness-dominated" water quality, avoiding misjudgments that may result from relying solely on TDS estimation. In addition, the embodiments of this application, by monitoring pH, help optimize coagulant dosing and provide key input for the operation control of the deep softening module.

[0046] Specifically, in the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100, water samples are extracted by an automatic sampling pump, and large particulate impurities are removed by a 50μm self-cleaning filter. The pretreated water samples are then distributed to various sensors for parallel measurement: the turbidity sensor uses a 90° scattering light method with a near-infrared LED (Light Emitting Diode) light source to detect the intensity of scattered light and convert it into a turbidity value; the hardness online analyzer uses an automatic EDTA (Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) titration method to directly measure the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions by determining the titration endpoint, with the result expressed as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) equivalent in mg / L; the TDS content (unit: mg / L) is indirectly estimated by measuring the temperature-compensated conductivity value; hydrogen ion activity is measured using a glass composite electrode; optionally, a platinum resistance thermometer is used to monitor the water temperature in real time. Furthermore, the synchronously acquired raw data is filtered by moving average to eliminate random errors.

[0047] It should be noted that the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 is also equipped with an anomaly detection function to monitor the signal quality of each sensor in real time to identify drift, contamination, or malfunction. Specifically, the online parameter monitoring unit 100 monitors the stability of the output signal of each sensor. If the signal fluctuation exceeds a reasonable range (e.g., ±5% of full scale) within a set time (e.g., 30 seconds), it is determined to be an abnormal signal; or, it periodically compares the sensor readings with the laboratory sampling test results. If the deviation continues to exceed the calibration threshold, it is determined to be sensor drift.

[0048] Optionally, the online parameter monitoring unit 100 performs a moving average filter on the synchronously acquired raw data with a window of 5 sampling points to eliminate random errors.

[0049] Optionally, the online parameter monitoring unit 100 incorporates anomaly detection logic, triggering a hardware alarm signal when any parameter exceeds a preset safety range. The preset safety range is set based on the sensor's range and process requirements; for example, the preset alarm upper limit for a turbidity sensor is 800 NTU, and for a hardness online analyzer, it is 1200 mg / L CaCO3. When data exceeds the limit, the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 triggers a passive dry contact signal closure through its digital output (DO) channel, or writes a specific alarm status code into a communication data packet for capture by the central intelligent control unit 200 or the upper-level monitoring system.

[0050] The multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 acquires, converts, and encapsulates analog signals (such as 4-20mA current signals) or digital signals from various sensors through its built-in data acquisition module. This unit connects to the central intelligent control unit 200 via an industrial communication interface (e.g., an RS-485 interface using the Modbus RTU protocol; or an Ethernet interface using the Profinet or Modbus TCP protocol), periodically uploading real-time water quality data packets and equipment status information.

[0051] The central intelligent control unit 200 is electrically connected to the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 and the dynamic diversion device 300. It is used to process real-time water quality data according to preset decision logic and generate diversion control commands corresponding to water quality types.

[0052] The central intelligent control unit 200 in this embodiment is composed of a programmable logic controller (PLC), an industrial personal computer (IPC), or a dedicated controller integrating a processor, memory, and input / output (I / O) interfaces. The central intelligent control unit 200 receives and analyzes water quality data streams from the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100 in real time, assesses and classifies the water quality based on internally fixed or configurable "decision logic," and calculates corresponding control commands.

[0053] The preset decision logic in this application embodiment is a programmed rule that is pre-written and stored in the central intelligent control unit 200, which maps the input real-time water quality data (hardness, turbidity, etc.) to specific control outputs (diversion command, process parameter setting).

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, the preset decision logic is: to classify water quality based on a two-dimensional threshold matrix composed of hardness and turbidity values, and the water quality classification includes at least high hardness-dominated type, high turbidity-dominated type and mixed type.

[0055] The water quality classification in this application is as follows: high hardness-dominant, high turbidity-dominant, and mixed. High hardness-dominant refers to water where the primary treatment requirement is excessive hardness. The judgment criterion focuses on hardness values, meaning the hardness is significantly higher than a preset threshold, while turbidity is relatively low and will not seriously interfere with the softening process. The decision logic tends to select "first treatment branch A," which targets hardness removal. High turbidity-dominant refers to water where the primary treatment requirement is excessive turbidity / suspended solids. The judgment criterion focuses on turbidity values, meaning the turbidity is significantly higher than a preset threshold. In this case, even with some hardness, priority must be given to ensuring the smooth flow of the clarification and filtration process to prevent clogging of the subsequent softening resin. The decision logic tends to select "second treatment branch B," which targets suspended solids removal. Mixed refers to water containing both significant hardness and turbidity, with both values ​​falling within the middle range requiring treatment. A single treatment path (pure softening or pure clarification) may be inefficient or risky. This classification triggers a more complex "mixed mode."

[0056] Specifically, the two-dimensional threshold matrix in this application embodiment is the core judgment model of the preset decision logic within the central intelligent control unit 200. It is a collaborative judgment framework built based on two key water quality parameters: influent hardness and turbidity. It is used to discretize continuous water quality data into a finite number of water quality categories, thereby driving differentiated processing path selection. The two-dimensional threshold matrix is ​​a Cartesian coordinate system with hardness as the X-axis and turbidity as the Y-axis. By setting one or more hardness threshold lines and turbidity threshold lines in this coordinate system, the entire plane is divided into several feature regions, each corresponding to a preset water quality category and a corresponding processing mode.

[0057] Optionally, in some embodiments, when the quality of the influent is determined to be mixed, the diversion control command is a mixed mode command that causes the dynamic diversion device to divert the influent to the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B for parallel processing.

[0058] In this embodiment, the hybrid mode instruction enables "separate and coordinated treatment" of complex water quality, allowing two branches to work in parallel to treat the pollutants they are good at removing (branch A removes hardness, branch B removes turbidity), and finally they are combined to obtain qualified effluent.

[0059] Specifically, when the hardness value is greater than the hardness threshold and the turbidity value is less than the turbidity threshold, the current water quality is characterized by hardness pollution as the core issue and is classified as high hardness-dominated. When the turbidity value is greater than the turbidity threshold, the current water quality is characterized by suspended solids pollution as the core issue. Regardless of whether the hardness exceeds the standard, clarification and filtration are prioritized and the water quality is classified as high turbidity-dominated. When the hardness value is higher than the lower hardness threshold but lower than the hardness threshold, and the turbidity value is higher than the lower turbidity threshold but lower than the turbidity threshold, the water quality is classified as mixed and requires coordinated treatment.

[0060] It should be noted that the determination of the hardness and turbidity thresholds in this application embodiment is not arbitrary, but is based on a comprehensive consideration of the following technical factors: Firstly, this application embodiment determines the thresholds based on the characteristics and tolerance limits of the treatment process. Specifically, excessively high turbidity can encapsulate and clog resin particles, severely affecting exchange capacity and regeneration efficiency. The hardness threshold setting must ensure that the turbidity of the water entering the first treatment branch A is low enough not to cause irreversible pollution or excessively rapid clogging of the resin. This application embodiment refers to the influent turbidity recommendations provided by the resin manufacturer (e.g., requiring <5-10 NTU) and leaves a safety margin. If the alkalinity of the softened effluent is too high, the upper limit of the treatment capacity of the deep softening module (such as CO2 aeration) needs to be considered. Furthermore, referring to the classic judgment on the tendency of calcium carbonate scaling in industrial circulating water or membrane treatment systems (such as the Langerier index), this application embodiment sets the hardness concentration with a clear risk of scaling as the threshold at which the softening process needs to be activated.

[0061] Understandably, when turbidity is too low, coagulation efficiency decreases, the proportion of chemical consumption increases, and it becomes uneconomical. When turbidity is too high, chemical consumption and sludge discharge frequency need to be significantly increased. Therefore, the turbidity threshold can be set near the upper limit of the turbidity range in which the coagulation and sedimentation process can operate stably and efficiently. In addition, turbidity directly affects the membrane fouling rate. The turbidity threshold setting needs to ensure that the effluent turbidity of the water entering the second treatment branch B, after pretreatment in the high-density clarifier B1, can be stably below the ultrafiltration membrane design feed water requirements (e.g., <10 NTU) to ensure a reasonable backwashing cycle and membrane life.

[0062] On the other hand, the embodiments of this application determine the threshold based on water quality standards and operational economics. Specifically, the embodiments of this application back-calculate the allowable hardness and turbidity of the effluent from each process unit based on the final water use standard (such as reclaimed water standard). Through simulation calculations, a boundary point between hardness and turbidity is found, such that at this point, the overall cost (chemical costs, electricity costs, maintenance costs, depreciation costs) of using a split or mixed treatment mode is lower than the cost of using a single fixed process to treat the fluctuating water. The threshold is set near this cost inflection point.

[0063] In some cases, the threshold is determined based on statistical analysis of water quality in a specific mining area. Specifically, embodiments of this application collect water quality data from the target coal mine for at least one hydrological year (covering both dry and rainy seasons), plotting a hardness-turbidity scatter plot. Through cluster analysis (such as K-means), groups of data clustered on the hardness-turbidity plane can be naturally identified. The threshold line can be drawn on the blank or transitional zones between groups, thus matching the classification to the actual water quality distribution pattern. Furthermore, considering the potential for instantaneous extremely high turbidity or hardness due to extreme rainfall or geological activity, the threshold setting must retain sufficient safety margin within the process tolerance limit to avoid equipment shock.

[0064] For example, the hardness threshold of this application embodiment is 500 mg / L (calculated as CaCO3), and the turbidity threshold is 80 NTU.

[0065] It should be noted that the above thresholds are exemplary. In practical applications, the two-dimensional threshold matrix can be configurable. Those skilled in the art can fine-tune and optimize the hardness and turbidity thresholds through the human-machine interface of the central intelligent control unit 200, based on the actual water quality of different mining areas, the specific performance of the selected equipment, and accumulated operational experience. Furthermore, this matrix can be extended to more complex multi-threshold, multi-region models (e.g., adding a "very low pollution" bypass zone), while the fundamental principle remains unchanged.

[0066] Thus, through a two-dimensional threshold matrix, the system 10 transforms continuous and related hardness and turbidity information into explicit and executable operation instructions, which is a key intelligent link in realizing the transition from "continuous perception" to "discrete decision-making".

[0067] Optionally, in some embodiments, the mixing mode instruction includes a water allocation ratio for the first processing branch A and the second processing branch B, the water allocation ratio being dynamically determined by the central intelligent control unit 200 based on real-time measured hardness and turbidity values.

[0068] Specifically, when the water quality is determined to be "mixed" by the two-dimensional threshold matrix, the central intelligent control unit 200 will generate a "mixed mode instruction." The core of this instruction is to determine a real-time, optimal water distribution ratio, that is, the percentage of the total influent flow allocated to the first treatment branch A (primarily for hardness removal) and the second treatment branch B (primarily for turbidity removal). In this embodiment, the central intelligent control unit 200 seeks an allocation ratio that minimizes the operating costs of the system 10 (mainly including reagent consumption, energy consumption, regeneration salt consumption, membrane cleaning frequency, etc.) or maximizes the overall treatment efficiency while meeting the final product water quality requirements (both hardness and turbidity meet the standards).

[0069] To achieve the above objectives, the central intelligent control unit 200 may employ one or more of the following algorithmic models to calculate the allocation ratio. The following are merely illustrative examples; those skilled in the art may use other mathematical models depending on the specific circumstances.

[0070] Example 1: A linear interpolation model based on parameter contribution weights, that is, the proportion of water allocated to the first treatment branch A should be positively correlated with the "contribution" of hardness to the current water pollution and negatively correlated with the "contribution" of turbidity.

[0071] Specifically, the real-time measured hardness value H and turbidity value T are mapped to the interval [0, 1], for example, H_norm = (H - H_min) / (H_high - H_min), where H_min is the lower limit of mixed hardness (e.g., 50 mg / L), H_high is the hardness threshold (e.g., 500 mg / L), and T_norm is calculated similarly. The hardness contribution C_H = H_norm and the turbidity contribution C_T = T_norm are defined, and the hardness weighting coefficient W_H and the turbidity weighting coefficient W_T are set (W_H + W_T = 1). The weights can be set based on the general importance or treatment difficulty of the two types of pollutants in the target mining area's water quality (e.g., if scaling is more prominent than sludge, W_H = 0.6 and W_T = 0.4).

[0072] Therefore, the initial proportion R_A allocated to the first treatment branch A can be calculated as: R_A = C_H * W_H + (1 - C_T) * W_T. The core logic of this calculation formula is that the higher the hardness and the lower the turbidity, the greater the proportion of water allocated to the first treatment branch A, which is dedicated to softening. In this embodiment, R_A is limited (e.g., constrained between 10% and 90%) to prevent extreme load on a single branch. The proportion for the second treatment branch B is then R_B = 1 - R_A.

[0073] Example 2: Fuzzy reasoning model based on empirical rule base.

[0074] Specifically, this embodiment converts precise hardness values ​​H and turbidity values ​​T into fuzzy linguistic values ​​such as "low," "medium," and "high," and assigns membership degrees. A series of empirical rules in the form of "IF…THEN…" are established, for example, IF hardness is 'medium' AND turbidity is 'medium' THEN branch A proportion is 'moderately high' (e.g., 55%), or IF hardness is 'medium-high' AND turbidity is 'medium-low' THEN branch A proportion is 'high' (e.g., 70%). Thus, based on the real-time input of H and T, relevant rules are activated, the fuzzy proportions output by each rule are synthesized, and finally, a precise allocation proportion R_A is output using defuzzification methods such as the centroid method. Furthermore, this model can handle situations with unclear boundaries, resulting in smoother decision-making.

[0075] Example 3: Machine learning prediction based on cost optimization model.

[0076] Specifically, firstly, this application embodiment constructs a system cost simulation model. This model can simulate and calculate the estimated total cost (including chemical consumption, power consumption, regenerant consumption, etc.) for one cycle (e.g., 24 hours) under the operating conditions based on the influent water quality (H, T) and the allocation ratio R_A. By collecting a large amount of historical operating data or generating massive data samples [H, T, R_A, total cost] through simulation, this application embodiment uses machine learning algorithms (such as neural networks, gradient boosting decision trees) to train a prediction model. The input of this model is (H, T), and the output is the optimal allocation ratio R_A_optimal that minimizes the estimated total cost.

[0077] Furthermore, the trained model is embedded into the central intelligent control unit 200. When the system 10 is running, the monitored (H, T) values ​​are input into the model in real time, and the model immediately outputs the theoretically optimal allocation ratio R_A under the current water quality. Moreover, the model can automatically learn and adapt to complex cost relationships under different seasons and equipment conditions.

[0078] In summary, in System 10, the water distribution ratio in the mixed mode is not fixed or randomly set, but is scientifically and dynamically optimized by the central intelligent control unit 200 through a built-in proportional algorithm model. The common goal of the above embodiments is to achieve "precise water quality matching and optimal operating costs." These algorithms ensure that System 10 maintains efficient, economical, and stable operation even when facing complex "mixed" water quality, which is one of the key manifestations of the intelligent features of this application. In actual implementation, a suitable algorithm model can be selected and adjusted according to the system's complexity, data accumulation, and performance requirements; no specific limitations are made here.

[0079] Optionally, in some embodiments, the central intelligent control unit 200 is also used to dynamically adjust the dosage of coagulant and coagulant aid in the high-density clarifier B1 according to the turbidity value and pH value.

[0080] It is understandable that increased turbidity usually requires an increase in the amount of coagulant added to form sufficient flocs, while decreased turbidity allows for a reduction in dosage, saving on chemical consumption. pH value affects the hydrolysis form of the coagulant and the coagulation effect; therefore, the central intelligent control unit 200 can automatically adjust the dosage or coordinate with other pH adjustment units based on the degree to which the pH value deviates from the optimal range. Thus, this embodiment of the application achieves precise dosing, ensuring sedimentation while avoiding chemical waste, reducing operating costs, and decreasing the production of chemical sludge.

[0081] In this embodiment, the central intelligent control unit 200, in addition to being responsible for the intelligent switching of the processing path, also performs fine optimization of the chemical coagulation process of the core unit in the second processing branch B, the high-density clarifier B1. Specifically, the central intelligent control unit 200 dynamically calculates and adjusts the dosage of coagulant (such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC)) and coagulant aid (such as polyacrylamide (PAM)) added to the high-density clarifier B1 based on the real-time monitored influent turbidity and pH values, thereby achieving precise dosing.

[0082] Specifically, the dynamic adjustment algorithm for coagulants and flocculants built into the central intelligent control unit 200 is a multivariate optimization model that uses real-time influent turbidity and pH as core inputs, feedforward control as the main body, and optional fusion feedback correction. Its core execution logic is as follows: The algorithm first calculates the basic dosage of coagulant (PAC) based on the real-time monitored influent turbidity value through a preset dose-turbidity relationship function (such as the linear model D_PAC_base=K1*T+C1, or a more precise piecewise function model). This step realizes a direct response to suspended solids pollution load.

[0083] Subsequently, the algorithm introduces a pH correction coefficient F_pH to dynamically correct the basic dosage. This coefficient is calculated based on the degree to which the measured pH deviates from the optimal coagulation range (e.g., 6.5-7.5) (e.g., using a lookup function or quadratic function relationship based on empirical data), thereby compensating for the decrease in coagulation efficiency caused by unfavorable pH environment and generating the corrected PAC dosage D_PAC_corrected.

[0084] To enhance the robustness of long-term control, system 10 can further integrate a closed-loop feedback fine-tuning mechanism: by monitoring the turbidity of the effluent from the high-density clarifier B1, comparing it with the target value, and using a proportional-integral controller to calculate the feedback increment ΔD_feedback, the final set dosage of PAC is obtained as D_PAC_final = D_PAC_corrected + ΔD_feedback. The dosage of coagulant aid (PAM) is typically determined based on a fixed proportionality coefficient (D_PAM = K2 * D_PAC_final) relative to the final PAC dosage, which is obtained through optimization in previous experiments.

[0085] Finally, the central intelligent control unit 200 converts the calculated D_PAC_final and D_PAM values ​​into standard analog control signals (such as 4-20mA), driving the corresponding metering pump to perform precise dosing, thereby optimizing reagent consumption while ensuring precipitation effect. The entire algorithm cycle runs, and built-in dosing limit and sensor fault safety logic ensure the system's adaptability and operational stability.

[0086] The dynamic diversion device 300 is deployed downstream of the main inlet pipe and is used to selectively divert the inlet water to the first treatment branch A or the second treatment branch B, or to divert it to both branches simultaneously for parallel processing, according to the diversion control command.

[0087] The dynamic diversion device 300 in this embodiment is a key fluid actuator deployed downstream of the main water inlet pipe of system 10. Its core function is to act as the "physical executor" of the decision-making instructions of the central intelligent control unit 200. By changing the state of the internal flow channel, it can accurately control the distribution of raw water between two different treatment process branches (first treatment branch A and second treatment branch B), thereby realizing the dynamic switching of the treatment path.

[0088] The dynamic diversion device 300 can operate in the following three modes according to the received diversion control command: Selective diversion mode: all influent is directed to a single branch (first treatment branch A or second treatment branch B). This mode is corresponding to the treatment of "high hardness-dominant" or "high turbidity-dominant" water quality; Proportional diversion mode (mixing mode): influent is simultaneously distributed to the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B in a specific ratio. This mode is used to treat "mixed" water quality and is a key action to achieve "differentiated treatment"; Quick switching mode: it can quickly and smoothly switch from one diversion state to another when the water quality type changes, ensuring process continuity and minimizing hydraulic shock.

[0089] The dynamic flow diversion device 300 receives control signals (analog signals, such as 4-20mA current signals, corresponding to the target opening degree or proportional; or digital signals / communication messages, corresponding to preset commands) from the central intelligent control unit 200. Its built-in drive mechanism (such as a motor or electric actuator) precisely drives the valve core or valve plate to move according to the signal, changing the flow channel on / off or opening degree, and ultimately realizing the flow distribution between outlet A and outlet B according to the command.

[0090] Optionally, in some embodiments, the dynamic diversion device 300 is an electrically adjustable three-way valve, or is composed of two electrically operated switching valves connected in parallel and controlled by the central intelligent control unit 200 and linked synchronously (the ratio is ensured to be accurate through flow feedback calibration).

[0091] Example 1: Electric regulating three-way valve.

[0092] Specifically, the electrically adjustable three-way valve is an integrated, specialized valve. The valve body has one inlet (connected to the main inlet pipe) and two outlets (connected to the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B, respectively). Inside the valve chamber is a valve core (such as a ball, plunger, or eccentric rotary type) driven by an electric actuator. A control signal output from the central intelligent control unit 200 (such as a 4-20mA signal representing the target flow ratio of the first treatment branch A, 0-100%) drives the actuator. The actuator causes the valve core to rotate or move continuously, thereby steplessly and continuously changing the flow ratio to the two outlets. For example, when the signal corresponds to 50%, the valve core stops at the intermediate position, ensuring approximately equal flow rates at both outlets.

[0093] Example 2: Parallel synchronous linkage electric switching valves.

[0094] Specifically, in Embodiment 2, two independent electrically operated on / off valves (such as electrically operated butterfly valves and electrically operated ball valves) are installed in parallel. The inlets of the two valves are connected to the main inlet pipe, and the outlets are connected to the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B, respectively. Each valve receives an independent control signal from the central intelligent control unit 200. To achieve proportional flow splitting, the central intelligent control unit 200 runs a synchronous control algorithm. When a ratio needs to be set (e.g., A:B = 70%:30%), the algorithm does not simply open one valve fully and the other partially, as this would cause the valve's flow characteristics to become non-linear and lead to proportional loss of control. The central intelligent control unit 200 uses cross-coupled PID (Proportional, Integral, Differential) regulation of the two valve openings based on real-time flow meter feedback from the two branches. For example, the system 10 dynamically adjusts the valve openings to achieve constant total flow and accurate proportional flow, or it calculates the required opening combination using a pre-calibrated "valve opening-flow" characteristic curve and synchronously issues commands.

[0095] In System 10, the control precision of the dynamic diversion device 300 (hereinafter referred to as the electric regulating valve assembly) is the hardware and fundamental control guarantee for achieving precise proportional water diversion. This precision is determined by three aspects: the inherent performance of the valve assembly, the closed-loop control strategy, and system integration optimization. Specifically, at the hardware level, the actuator selected for the electric regulating valve assembly has high valve position resolution (up to 0.1% opening) and high repeatability (≤±0.5%), and is equipped with extremely small mechanical and electrical dead zones (less than 0.5%), ensuring sensitive response to small amplitude control commands and avoiding oscillations or stagnation near the set point. At the same time, the actuator's full stroke time is adjustable (e.g., 15-60 seconds), enabling it to respond to rapid changes in water quality type and perform smooth proportional fine adjustments, preventing hydraulic shock.

[0096] At the control level, the central intelligent control unit 200 implements closed-loop control with position feedback for the valve group: the high-precision position sensor (such as a potentiometer or encoder) built into the valve group provides real-time feedback on the actual valve position. The central control unit compares the target valve position with the actual valve position and calculates and outputs an adjustment signal in real time through the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm to drive the actuator to move until the error converges to zero, thereby effectively eliminating valve position deviation caused by factors such as load changes and friction fluctuations.

[0097] At the system integration level, during the commissioning phase, System 10 performs flow characteristic calibration on each valve group. This involves recording the actual flow rate of each branch corresponding to different valve openings under constant inlet pressure, generating a non-linear "valve opening-flow" characteristic curve, and storing it in the central intelligent control unit 200. In actual control, the central intelligent control unit 200 uses this curve to perform non-linear compensation on the conversion from the target flow ratio to the target valve position, thereby directly issuing more accurate valve position commands. Furthermore, System 10 also features a feedforward disturbance rejection mechanism: when a large fluctuation in the inlet main pressure is detected, the central intelligent control unit 200 can fine-tune the valve position command in advance based on the pressure change trend to counteract the dynamic disturbance of the flow ratio caused by pressure changes.

[0098] To ensure that the actual water distribution ratio of the dynamic diversion device 300 is highly consistent with the target ratio calculated by the central intelligent control unit 200 when the mixing mode is executed, the system 10 of this application embodiment constructs a multi-level, closed-loop feedback calibration mechanism. Specifically, the core of this mechanism is to use high-precision flow meters installed at the inlet (or upstream) of the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B to measure the actual flow of each branch in real time, and feed the measurement data back to the central intelligent control unit 200 to form a closed-loop control, thereby continuously correcting the diversion deviation.

[0099] The specific workflow of the feedback calibration mechanism is as follows: The central intelligent control unit 200 calculates the target allocation ratio (R_A_target, R_B_target) based on real-time water quality data and outputs the corresponding initial valve group control command; after the valve group is activated, the high-precision flow meters of the two branches collect the actual flow rate (Q_A_act, Q_B_act) in real time; the central intelligent control unit 200 calculates the actual allocation ratio R_A_act = Q_A_act / (Q_A_act + Q_B_act) and compares it with the target ratio R_A_target to obtain the error; this error is input to a dedicated "flow ratio PID controller", which outputs a valve position correction command and adjusts the valve group state until the ratio error stabilizes within the preset allowable tolerance range (e.g., ±2%). This closed loop runs continuously at a high frequency (e.g., several times per second), which can overcome interference caused by valve wear, actuator slippage, and inlet pressure fluctuations in real time.

[0100] Furthermore, System 10 also includes periodic static calibration and dynamic online adaptive compensation functions: During the maintenance cycle or low-load period of System 10, a calibration program can be automatically executed. For example, the control valve group can be made to pass 100% of the flow through a single branch. By comparing the flow meter reading with the expected value, systematic deviations are recorded and corrected. At the same time, System 10 monitors the valve position adjustment trend required to maintain a constant proportional position under steady state. If it finds that continuous unidirectional fine adjustment is required, it automatically judges that the valve mechanical characteristics (such as dead zone) may have changed and fine-tunes the control parameters to compensate.

[0101] In addition, the system 10 can be equipped with a temperature-viscosity compensation function: based on the water temperature sensor data, the temperature-viscosity compensation curve of the flow meter is called to correct the original flow reading, ensuring the consistency of the flow measurement benchmark under different seasonal water temperatures, thereby ensuring the all-weather accuracy of proportional control.

[0102] Thus, through the close integration of the aforementioned high-precision valve group and multi-level feedback calibration mechanism, the system 10 of this application embodiment achieves a precise mapping from intelligent decision-making to physical diversion, which not only ensures the optimal effect of separation processing in the mixed mode, but also ensures the reliability of the system 10 in switching between high hardness-dominated and high turbidity-dominated working conditions.

[0103] It should be noted that the electric actuator of the dynamic diversion device 300 in this embodiment is typically equipped with analog input (AI) and position feedback (Analog output, AO) interfaces, as well as communication interfaces (such as Profibus-DP, Modbus), for integration with the central intelligent control unit 200. Furthermore, the dynamic diversion device 300 feeds back the real-time valve position opening signal to the central intelligent control unit 200, forming a position closed loop to ensure accurate execution of commands.

[0104] Optionally, in accordance with process safety requirements, this application embodiment presets the valve position (e.g., fully closed, fully open to a certain safety branch) in case of a fault (e.g., power failure, signal loss) and feeds it back to the central intelligent control unit 200.

[0105] In summary, the dynamic diversion device 300 is the core hub that transforms intelligent decisions into physical diversion actions. Whether it adopts an integrated electric regulating three-way valve or a parallel system composed of synchronously linked electric switching valves, its purpose is to accurately, reliably, and quickly execute the diversion command of the central intelligent control unit 200, thereby ensuring that the system 10 can adaptively cope with complex and ever-changing water quality and achieve efficient and stable operation.

[0106] The first processing branch A includes an ion exchange softening device A1 for removing calcium and magnesium ions, and a security filter A2 located downstream of the ion exchange softening device A1.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first processing branch A refers to the parallel processing channel in system 10 specifically designed for treating hardness components in water with high hardness dominance and mixed hardness. The core task of this branch is to efficiently remove calcium ions (Ca) from the water. 2+ ) and magnesium ions (Mg 2+ This means reducing the hardness of the water and ensuring the safety and stability of the effluent for subsequent shared equipment (such as disinfection units).

[0108] The ion exchange softening device A1 in this embodiment employs the chemical principle of ion exchange and is specifically designed to remove hardening ions from water. Its interior is filled with sodium form (Na₂O₃). + Strongly acidic cation exchange resin. When hard water flows through the resin bed, the Ca in the water... 2+ and Mg 2+ Na on the active group of the resin + An exchange occurs, and the ions are adsorbed onto the resin, thereby removing hardness ions from the water. The exchanged Na+ + It enters the water and softens it.

[0109] The ion exchange softening device A1 is a fixed-bed ion exchanger, comprising a pressure tank, a built-in sodium-type strong acid cation exchange resin bed, and corresponding water distribution and regenerator distribution systems. When the resin exchange capacity is depleted and regeneration is required, the central intelligent control unit 200 automatically initiates the regeneration program: first, backwashing is performed to loosen the resin bed and remove stagnant materials; then, an 8-10% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution is injected to allow the adsorbed Ca on the resin to precipitate. 2+ and Mg 2+ Na + After being replaced, it is restored to the sodium form, and finally a forward wash is performed to remove the residual regeneration waste liquid. The resulting regeneration wastewater is discharged into the wastewater co-treatment unit.

[0110] The security filter A2 in this application embodiment is a precision filtration device located downstream of the ion exchange softening device A1. Its core function is physical interception, that is, intercepting and removing tiny particulate matter that may "escape" or be generated from the upstream ion exchange softening device A1, such as broken resin fragments, pipeline corrosion products, or other fine impurities. Its filtration accuracy is typically 1 to 10 micrometers (e.g., 5 μm), which can protect downstream disinfection units (such as ultraviolet lamps) or the final product water quality from the influence of particulate matter.

[0111] The security filter A2 has an automatic backwashing function. When impurities trapped in the filter element cause the inlet and outlet pressure difference to exceed the set value, or when triggered by the central intelligent control unit 200 according to a preset cycle, the filter can automatically execute a backwashing procedure to restore its filtration capacity. The wastewater generated during backwashing is discharged into the wastewater co-treatment unit for centralized treatment.

[0112] Optionally, in some embodiments, a deep softening module is connected in series downstream of the ion exchange softening device A1 and upstream of the security filter A2 in the first processing branch A. The deep softening module is a combination device of carbon dioxide aeration and calcium carbonate crystallization, or a weak acid cation exchange device.

[0113] The effluent treated by ion exchange softening unit A1 has reduced hardness, but reduced carbonate alkalinity (mainly HCO3-).- The form of the effluent remains unchanged, and the total dissolved solids may increase, leading to an alkaline pH in the effluent. This high alkalinity and high pH effluent may adversely affect the efficiency of subsequent disinfection units and increase the risk of corrosion in the reuse pipeline network. To address this issue, in some embodiments of this application, a deep softening module is connected in series between the downstream of the ion exchange softening device A1 and the upstream of the security filter A2. The main function of this module is to reduce the alkalinity of the softened effluent and stabilize its pH value.

[0114] In some embodiments, the deep softening module is a combination of carbon dioxide aeration and calcium carbonate crystallization. This device first adds CO2 gas to the softened water; the CO2 dissolves in the water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then reacts with bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the water. - The reaction lowers the pH of the water and converts some bicarbonate into carbonate (CO3). 2- Subsequently, in a specific crystallization reactor, residual calcium ions (Ca) in the water... 2+ ) and carbonate ions (CO3) 2- ) combine to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the surface of the provided seed crystals. 3 Solid crystals precipitate out and are eventually separated by sedimentation or filtration. This process simultaneously reduces alkalinity and hardness and stabilizes pH.

[0115] In other embodiments, the deep softening module is a weak acid cation exchanger. This device is filled with hydrogen-form (H₂O) cations. + Weakly acidic cation exchange resin. When softened water passes through, the carbonate hardness (compared to HCO3) in the water... - Combined Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) and H on the resin + The water undergoes an exchange process to produce carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). The carbonic acid then decomposes into water and carbon dioxide, with the carbon dioxide being removed via a subsequent decarbonation tower. This process effectively removes alkalinity-related hardness, significantly reducing the alkalinity and salinity of the effluent.

[0116] Optionally, in some embodiments, the selection and operating parameters of the deep softening module are dynamically controlled by the central intelligent control unit 200 based on the pH or alkalinity measurement value of the effluent from the ion exchange softening device A1.

[0117] Understandably, the central intelligent control unit 200 automatically selects the operating mode of the deep softening module or adjusts its key operating parameters based on the effluent quality of the upstream process (ion exchange softening).

[0118] Specifically, at the inlet point of the deep softening module (i.e., the outlet point of the ion exchange softening device A1), the pH value and / or alkalinity are monitored in real time. For modules with multiple treatment paths (such as parallel CO2 aeration and weak acid ion exchange), the central intelligent control unit 200 can select the path based on the pH / alkalinity of the inlet water. For example, when the alkalinity is extremely high, the weak acid ion exchange path is selected; when the alkalinity is moderate, the more economical CO2 aeration crystallization path is selected.

[0119] For CO2 aeration crystallization devices, the central intelligent control unit 200 dynamically adjusts the CO2 gas injection flow rate based on the deviation between the target pH setting and the measured pH value using a PID algorithm. For weak acid cation exchange devices, the central intelligent control unit 200 can dynamically adjust the operating flow rate or predict and trigger its own regeneration cycle in advance based on the alkalinity load of the influent.

[0120] Therefore, the embodiments of this application realize the refined and adaptive operation of the deep softening process, ensuring that the final softened water with low alkalinity and suitable pH is stably obtained with minimal consumption of chemical agents or regenerators.

[0121] Optionally, in some embodiments, the regeneration triggering of the ion exchange softening device A1 is determined and automatically started by the central intelligent control unit 200 based on the cumulative treated water volume and / or the real-time effluent hardness value of the ion exchange softening device A1.

[0122] Understandably, when the resin exchange capacity is nearly exhausted, system 10 automatically initiates a program to restore the resin exchange capacity. The regeneration process involves passing a high-concentration brine solution (NaCl) through the saturated resin to remove the adsorbed Ca... 2+ and Mg 2+ The resin was then replaced to restore it to the sodium form.

[0123] Specifically, the central intelligent control unit 200 continuously accumulates the water volume passing through the ion exchange softening device A1. When the accumulated water volume reaches a preset capacity threshold (this threshold is calculated based on the total resin exchange capacity and the average hardness of the influent, with a safety margin), the regeneration program is automatically triggered. In this embodiment, an online hardness analyzer is installed on the outlet pipe of the ion exchange softening device A1. The central intelligent control unit 200 monitors the outlet water hardness in real time. When the hardness value exceeds a preset outlet water quality warning value (e.g., greater than 10 mg / L CaCO3), it indicates that the resin has penetrated, and regeneration is immediately triggered.

[0124] It should be noted that the system 10 in this application embodiment can be triggered by any condition, or set to a dual insurance logic of warning for the primary condition (such as cumulative water volume) and confirmation for the secondary condition (water hardness) to ensure timely and non-excessive regeneration.

[0125] The second treatment branch B includes a high-density clarifier B1 for removing suspended solids and an ultrafiltration membrane module B2.

[0126] The second treatment branch B in this embodiment is a parallel treatment channel in system 10 designed for the efficient treatment of suspended solids components in water with high turbidity as the dominant and mixed types. The core task of this branch is to thoroughly remove suspended particles, colloids, bacteria, and some large organic molecules from the water through a two-stage enhanced process of "physicochemical coagulation + membrane deep filtration," significantly reducing the turbidity and suspended solids content, and providing highly clean intermediate permeate for subsequent disinfection and reuse. This branch consists of a high-density clarifier B1 connected in series at the beginning and an ultrafiltration membrane module B2 at the end, forming a complementary and supportive relationship in function.

[0127] In this embodiment, the high-density clarifier B1 serves as the core of the pretreatment process, undertaking the task of removing the majority of suspended solids. The high-density clarifier B1 is an integrated and highly efficient solid-liquid separation device that sequentially completes three processes—rapid mixing, flocculation reaction, and inclined plate (tube) sedimentation—within a compact tank. Its workflow is as follows: Raw water first enters the rapid mixing zone, where it is rapidly and uniformly mixed with coagulant (such as polyaluminum chloride PAC) precisely metered by the central intelligent control unit 200, destabilizing suspended colloidal particles. Subsequently, the water flows into the flocculation zone, where, under slow stirring, the destabilized particles combine with the added coagulant aid (such as polyacrylamide PAM) to form coarse, dense flocs. Finally, the water carrying the flocs enters the sedimentation zone loaded with inclined plates or tubes. Under the principle of shallow tank sedimentation, the flocs quickly sink to the bottom, concentrating into sludge and periodically discharged, while the supernatant is collected and flows out from the top. The high-density clarifier B1 has extremely high sedimentation efficiency, a small footprint, and stable effluent quality (it can reduce turbidity to below 10 NTU), providing a reliable guarantee for the subsequent ultrafiltration membrane process, which has stringent requirements for influent water quality.

[0128] In this embodiment, the ultrafiltration membrane module B2 serves as a gatekeeper for advanced treatment and water purification, and is installed downstream of the high-density clarifier B1. The ultrafiltration membrane module B2 employs pressure-driven membrane separation technology, with a membrane pore size typically in the range of 0.01-0.1µm. This allows it to physically screen and retain trace amounts of fine suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, and even viruses remaining after treatment in the high-density clarifier B1. The ultrafiltration membrane module B2 is composed of a large number of hollow fiber membrane filaments bundled together. Under pressure, water permeates from the outside to the inside of the membrane filaments, trapping pollutants on the outer surface of the filaments. Clean permeate is collected and output from the inner cavity of the membrane filaments.

[0129] The above process is a purely physical separation, requiring no chemical additives. The turbidity of the produced water can be consistently below 0.1 NTU, exhibiting extremely high microbial safety. To maintain membrane flux, system 10 automatically performs combined air-water backwashing according to a preset cycle or based on the transmembrane pressure difference, and periodically conducts enhanced chemical cleaning. The resulting wastewater is discharged into the wastewater co-treatment unit. Thus, through the introduction of ultrafiltration technology, the effluent from the second treatment branch B ultimately ensures that it meets the stringent requirements for high-quality reclaimed water in both sensory and hygienic indicators.

[0130] Thus, the second treatment branch B, through the series combination of the high-density clarifier B1 and the ultrafiltration membrane module B2, constructs a reliable barrier from "coarse treatment" to "fine treatment". This combination not only fully utilizes the advantages of large treatment capacity and relatively low cost of coagulation sedimentation, but also achieves absolute reliability of deep water purification with the help of ultrafiltration membrane. The two work together to ensure that the system 10 can still stably produce extremely high-quality purified water when facing high turbidity and high suspended solids impact.

[0131] The outlets of the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B are both connected to the inlet of the manifold 400, and the outlet of the manifold 400 is connected in sequence to the disinfection unit 500 and the product water storage tank 600.

[0132] Understandably, to achieve the intensive design of System 10 and ensure that the final product water quality meets uniform standards, the effluent from the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B, treated separately, will be combined at the manifold 400. This manifold 400 is a simple pipe mixer or a straight pipe section of sufficient length, its core function being to achieve hydraulic mixing and homogenization of two water streams with different water quality characteristics. Regardless of which branch the raw water passes through or the proportion of parallel treatment, after thorough mixing in the manifold 400, the effluent will form intermediate product water with stable and uniform water quality indicators (such as hardness, turbidity, and pH value), creating stable conditions for subsequent standardized processes.

[0133] Further, the mixed water then enters the disinfection unit 500, which aims to inactivate any pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria and viruses) that may be present in the water. In a typical embodiment of system 10, the disinfection unit 500 preferably employs an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection device. This device uses UV light of a specific wavelength (e.g., 254 nm) to irradiate the water flow, destroying the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) / RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) structure of microorganisms, thus rendering them unable to reproduce, thereby achieving disinfection. UV disinfection has the advantages of requiring no chemical additives, producing no disinfection byproducts, being effective instantly, and not affecting water quality. Optionally, a sodium hypochlorite dosing system can also be used or kept on standby, using precisely metered dosing of sodium hypochlorite solution for chemical disinfection.

[0134] The operating parameters of the disinfection unit 500 (such as ultraviolet intensity and chemical dosage) can be controlled by the central intelligent control unit 200 according to the real-time water volume to ensure stable and reliable disinfection effect.

[0135] After disinfection, the safe and clean water is finally transported to the product water storage tank 600 for storage. The product water storage tank 600, serving as the terminal buffer and water supply unit of system 10, is configured as a vertical or horizontal storage tank, its volume designed according to the mining area's reclaimed water needs and system capacity. The tank is equipped with a level gauge to monitor the water level and is interlocked with the system's start / stop or water supply pump control. The purified water stored here fully meets the reuse standards for mining area production, landscaping, and toilet flushing, and can be pumped to various water usage points via the water supply network as needed. This design decouples the water treatment process from reuse requirements, improving the operational flexibility and water supply reliability of system 10.

[0136] Optionally, in some embodiments, a coal mine water purification system 10 further includes: a wastewater co-treatment unit, the inlet of which is connected to the regeneration wastewater discharge port of the ion exchange softening device A1, the sludge discharge port of the high-density clarifier B1, and the backwash wastewater discharge port of the ultrafiltration membrane module B2, respectively; the wastewater co-treatment unit is configured to transport the regeneration wastewater to the high-density clarifier B1.

[0137] Understandably, all types of wastewater generated by System 10 (ion exchange regeneration wastewater, chemical sludge, and membrane backwashing wastewater) are directed to the wastewater co-treatment unit for centralized treatment and resource utilization. This unit is not only a wastewater collection station, but also a key link in realizing "waste treatment with waste" and "waste resource utilization." Its core lies in the graded and classified resource utilization treatment of high-concentration saline wastewater generated by ion exchange regeneration.

[0138] Specifically, system 10 directly transports a portion of the reclaimed wastewater to high-density clarifier B1. The high concentrations of electrolytes such as sodium and chloride in the wastewater alter the double-layer structure of colloidal particles, acting as electrolyte coagulation aids and reducing the amount of externally added coagulants such as PAC. Simultaneously, trace amounts of calcium and magnesium ions in the wastewater synergistically promote floc formation with PAC hydrolysis products, thus achieving in-situ treatment and reuse of high-salinity wastewater.

[0139] For all high-salinity wastewater (especially high-concentration brine at the end of regeneration) not reused for coagulation or generated by System 10, System 10 has a deep resource recovery treatment path, specifically including the following optional embodiments: Embodiment 1: Evaporation crystallization to produce industrial salt: High-salinity wastewater is introduced into a multi-effect evaporator or a mechanical steam recompression evaporation system. In the evaporator, the wastewater is heated, the water gradually evaporates, and the brine concentration continuously increases until it reaches supersaturation, at which point sodium chloride crystals begin to precipitate. The precipitated salt slurry enters a crystallizer to further increase the crystal particle size, and finally, solid-liquid separation is performed by a centrifuge to obtain industrial-grade sodium chloride crystals with low water content. The separated mother liquor can be returned to the evaporation system for further concentration, and the condensate can be recycled as high-quality reclaimed water. The obtained industrial salt can be used in fields such as coal mine boiler softening water regeneration and road de-icing, realizing closed-loop resource recovery of salt.

[0140] Example 2: Preparation for Dust Suppression Spraying in Coal Mines: Suitable for dust suppression scenarios in mining areas where the requirements for recycled water quality are relatively lenient. High-salt wastewater first needs to undergo sedimentation and filtration to remove suspended impurities. Subsequently, the central intelligent control unit 200 can automatically prepare the wastewater online with the system's 10 parts of produced water or other low-salt wastewater in a certain proportion, adjusting the salt content, pH, and other indicators of the mixture to the requirements of underground or open-pit coal mine spray dust suppression systems (the concentration of corrosive ions such as chloride ions must be controlled within the equipment's tolerance range). The prepared water is pumped to various dust-generating points for spraying through an independent dust suppression pipeline network, utilizing its salt content to increase the wettability and dust suppression effect of the droplets. Thus, high-salt wastewater is utilized and replaced with fresh water for dust suppression, achieving dual utilization of water resources and salt.

[0141] Furthermore, the chemical sludge produced in the high-density clarifier B1 (mainly composed of aluminum hydroxide and other metal hydroxide flocs) possesses adsorption properties. In the co-treatment unit, it can be mixed and conditioned with backwash wastewater containing trace amounts of heavy metals or some high-salt wastewater. The sludge flocs can adsorb and fix residual heavy metal ions in the wastewater, forming a stabilized mixture that facilitates subsequent dewatering and disposal. The mixed sludge-water mixture undergoes sludge thickening and mechanical dewatering (such as using a plate and frame filter press) to form a sludge cake with low moisture content, which can be transported for safe landfill or used as a building material additive for comprehensive utilization. The filtrate produced during dewatering is returned to the front end of treatment system 10.

[0142] Therefore, the wastewater co-treatment unit, through a strategy of "graded reuse and differentiated disposal," transforms various waste liquids from traditional water treatment systems into usable resources. This reduces the total amount of wastewater discharged from the system and the amount of hazardous waste generated. Furthermore, by recovering salt and water resources, it creates additional economic and environmental benefits, fully embodying the green circular concept of "purification, reuse, and resource recovery" of the system in this application embodiment, and enhancing the overall environmental friendliness and engineering feasibility of the solution.

[0143] To enable those skilled in the art to further understand the system 10 of the embodiments of this application, the following examples illustrate the implementation process of the system 10.

[0144] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a hybrid processing mode according to a specific embodiment of this application, in conjunction with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when system 10 enters the "mixed processing mode", its workflow follows a complete closed loop of perception, decision-making, execution, and optimization. The process begins with the raw water in the inlet main pipe being analyzed in real time by the multi-parameter online monitoring unit 100. Key parameters such as hardness and turbidity are collected synchronously and transmitted to the central intelligent control unit 200. The central intelligent control unit 200 makes an instantaneous judgment based on a preset two-dimensional threshold matrix. If the water quality is identified as "mixed", the mixed processing logic is immediately activated.

[0145] Subsequently, the central intelligent control unit 200 invokes the embedded proportional algorithm model to dynamically calculate an optimal water distribution ratio (i.e., the flow ratio between the first treatment branch A and the second treatment branch B) based on real-time hardness and turbidity values. This proportional command is then sent to the dynamic diversion device 300. The dynamic diversion device 300 (e.g., a high-precision electric regulating valve assembly) responds immediately, precisely dividing the total influent into two independent water flows according to this ratio.

[0146] The two separated water streams enter a parallel treatment phase. The water flowing into the first treatment branch A undergoes sequential ion exchange softening unit A1 to remove calcium and magnesium ions, an optional deep softening module to stabilize pH and alkalinity, and final fine filtration via security filter A2. Simultaneously, the water flowing into the second treatment branch B first undergoes coagulation and sedimentation in a high-density clarifier B1 using real-time dynamic water quality adjustment agents, followed by deep solid-liquid separation via ultrafiltration membrane module B2 to ensure ultimate turbidity removal.

[0147] The two water streams, having undergone separate purification, are recombined in the manifold 400 to achieve homogenization of the water quality. The merged water then enters the disinfection unit 500 for sterilization treatment and is finally stored in the product water storage tank 600, becoming a safe water source for reuse. Simultaneously, all process wastewater generated by system 10, including ion exchange regeneration wastewater, chemical sludge, and membrane backwash wastewater, is directed to the wastewater co-treatment unit. In the wastewater co-treatment unit, high-salt regeneration wastewater is partially reused in the clarifier as a coagulant, while the remainder is recycled through evaporation and crystallization or blending for dust control; sludge and backwash wastewater are dewatered and transported off-site after co-conditioning.

[0148] Thus, when dealing with complex water quality, System 10 achieves dynamic configuration of treatment paths and recycling of resources through intelligent decision-making, forming a complete closed loop of efficient, adaptive and environmentally friendly water treatment.

[0149] This application proposes a coal mine water purification system that addresses the core challenge of drastic seasonal fluctuations in mine water quality (high hardness in the dry season and high turbidity in the rainy season). By integrating real-time monitoring of key water quality parameters such as hardness and turbidity, the system can accurately diagnose water quality types. Using a "two-dimensional threshold matrix" judgment logic, it drives a dynamic diversion device to intelligently distribute raw water to two optimized treatment branches: the first treatment branch focuses on the efficient removal of calcium and magnesium ions, solving the scaling problem of high-hardness water through ion exchange softening and optional deep stabilization treatment; the second treatment branch targets water with high suspended solids, achieving deep turbidity removal through a combination of "high-density clarification + ultrafiltration membrane filtration". After the effluent from both branches is collected and disinfected, stable and compliant reclaimed water is produced.

[0150] The system described in this application not only avoids the inefficiency and resource waste of traditional single-process methods when dealing with fluctuating water quality through intelligent switching, but also achieves dynamic optimization of key process parameters such as coagulation dosing and regeneration triggering through a central control unit. Furthermore, the system's wastewater co-treatment unit reuses the high-salinity wastewater generated from ion exchange regeneration in the coagulation process, and proposes resource-based disposal paths for the remaining concentrated brine, such as evaporation and crystallization for salt production or allocation for dust control in mining areas. This achieves "waste-to-waste" treatment and closed-loop management of pollutants, reducing operating costs and environmental burden.

[0151] In summary, the system of this application, through the deep integration of hardware integration and software intelligence, effectively solves the long-standing pain points in coal mine water treatment, such as poor water quality adaptability, high operating costs, and low resource recovery rate, and provides reliable technical equipment for realizing the sustainable, efficient and green reuse of water resources in mining areas.

[0152] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0153] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0154] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0155] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or more of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0157] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A water purification system for coal mining areas, characterized in that, It includes a multi-parameter online monitoring unit, a central intelligent control unit, a dynamic diversion device, a first treatment branch and a second treatment branch connected in parallel, a manifold, a disinfection unit, and a product water storage tank, all connected sequentially along the water flow direction. The multi-parameter online monitoring unit is deployed in the main inlet pipe to detect the inlet water quality in real time and obtain real-time water quality data. The real-time water quality data includes at least hardness and turbidity values. The central intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the multi-parameter online monitoring unit and the dynamic diversion device, and is used to process the real-time water quality data according to the preset decision logic and generate diversion control instructions corresponding to the water quality type. The dynamic diversion device is deployed downstream of the main inlet pipe and is used to selectively divert the inlet water to the first treatment branch or the second treatment branch, or to simultaneously divert it to both branches for parallel processing, according to the diversion control command. The first processing branch includes an ion exchange softening device for removing calcium and magnesium ions, and a security filter located downstream of the ion exchange softening device. The second processing branch includes a high-density clarifier and an ultrafiltration membrane assembly for removing suspended solids; The outlets of the first and second treatment branches are both connected to the inlet of the manifold, and the outlet of the manifold is connected in sequence to the disinfection unit and the product water storage tank.

2. The coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter online monitoring unit includes: a turbidity sensor for measuring the concentration of suspended solids in the influent, a total dissolved solids sensor for measuring the total dissolved solids, an online hardness analyzer for directly measuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, and a pH meter for measuring the pH value of the influent.

3. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset decision logic is as follows: water quality is classified based on a two-dimensional threshold matrix composed of the hardness value and the turbidity value. The water quality classification includes at least high hardness-dominated type, high turbidity-dominated type and mixed type. When the quality of the influent is determined to be mixed, the diversion control command is a mixed mode command that causes the dynamic diversion device to divert the influent to the first processing branch and the second processing branch for parallel processing.

4. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hybrid mode instruction includes the water allocation ratio for the first processing branch and the second processing branch, and the water allocation ratio is dynamically determined by the central intelligent control unit based on the hardness value and the turbidity value measured in real time.

5. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first processing branch is connected in series with a deep softening module downstream of the ion exchange softening device and upstream of the security filter. The deep softening module is a combination device of carbon dioxide aeration and calcium carbonate crystallization, or a weak acid cation exchange device.

6. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The selection and operating parameters of the deep softening module are dynamically controlled by the central intelligent control unit based on the pH or alkalinity measurement value of the effluent from the ion exchange softening device.

7. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The wastewater co-treatment unit has its inlet connected to the regeneration wastewater discharge outlet of the ion exchange softening device, the sludge discharge outlet of the high-density clarifier, and the backwash wastewater discharge outlet of the ultrafiltration membrane module, respectively. The wastewater co-treatment unit is configured to transport the reclaimed wastewater to the high-density clarification tank.

8. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic diversion device is an electrically adjustable three-way valve, or it is composed of two electrically operated switching valves connected in parallel, which are controlled by the central intelligent control unit and are synchronously linked.

9. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regeneration trigger of the ion exchange softening device is determined and automatically started by the central intelligent control unit based on the cumulative treated water volume and / or the real-time hardness value of the ion exchange softening device.

10. A coal mine water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central intelligent control unit is also used to dynamically adjust the dosage of coagulant and coagulant aid in the high-density clarifier based on the turbidity value and pH value.

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