Soil conditioner produced by utilizing forestry and agricultural residues as well as preparation method and application of soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil conditioner produced by utilizing forestry and agricultural residues as well as a preparation method and application of the soil conditioner. The fertilizer comprises a pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture, a mineral additive and a beneficial microbial agent. The raw materials comprise, by mass, 80-92 parts of a pretreated forestry and agricultural residue mixture, 5-15 parts of a mineral additive, and 1-5 parts of a beneficial microbial agent. Forestry and agricultural residues are converted into stable organic matters through a composite pretreatment process, so that waste recycling is realized. The product is scientifically compounded with decomposed organic matters, minerals and functional microorganisms to form a'physical structure improvement-chemical nutrient supplementation-biological activity activation 'triple synergistic mechanism, so that the soil structure can be quickly improved, the nutrients can be continuously activated, and the soil fertility can be comprehensively improved. The method is especially suitable for degenerated soil in mine reclamation and the like, can quickly reconstruct a healthy soil ecosystem, and has remarkable ecological value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This solution belongs to the field of agricultural resources and environmental engineering technology, specifically involving a soil conditioner produced from agricultural and forestry waste, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Soil is a precious resource upon which humankind depends for survival and development. However, under the influence of industrial and mining development, natural disasters, and long-term unsustainable agricultural production activities, the world faces severe soil degradation problems, such as soil compaction, organic matter depletion, nutrient imbalance, and a lack of diverse microbial communities. These problems severely restrict land productivity, especially in reclaimed areas after mining operations and degraded farmland, where soil ecosystems are extremely fragile and urgently require effective improvement and restoration.

[0003] Traditional soil improvement methods, such as the application of large amounts of chemical fertilizers, can temporarily replenish nutrients, but long-term use leads to further damage to soil structure, acidification, and non-point source pollution. While farmyard manure can replenish organic matter, its sources are unstable, and it may carry pathogens and weed seeds. Therefore, developing efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable soil conditioners has become an important research direction in agriculture and the environment. At the same time, agricultural production and forestry processing generate massive amounts of agricultural and forestry waste annually, such as crop straw, fruit shells, branches, and sawdust. Improper handling of these wastes, such as on-site burning or indiscriminate dumping, not only wastes resources but also causes environmental problems such as air pollution and eutrophication of water bodies. How to utilize these waste biomass resources in a high-value manner, turning waste into treasure, is a key link in achieving circular agriculture and environmental protection.

[0004] Existing technologies have attempted to prepare organic fertilizers or soil conditioners from agricultural and forestry waste, but these generally suffer from problems such as incomplete composting, limited soil-improving functions, and poor stability. Simple composting processes are often time-consuming, and the incomplete degradation of lignocellulose affects their soil-improving effects. Furthermore, many products focus solely on providing organic matter, neglecting the synergistic effects of simultaneously improving soil physical structure, replenishing mineral elements, and building a healthy soil microbial community, thus limiting their application in harsh soil reclamation environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technological solution that integrates resource utilization with efficient soil improvement goals, developing comprehensive, stable, and highly efficient agricultural and forestry waste-based soil conditioners through innovative pretreatment processes and scientific formulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an agricultural and forestry waste amendment and its preparation method, which can effectively solve the technical problems of existing soil amendments having single function, insufficient resource utilization of waste, and unstable improvement effect.

[0006] This invention provides an agricultural and forestry waste amendment, which includes a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste, mineral additives, and beneficial microbial agents.

[0007] Preferably, the raw materials are in the following proportions by mass: 80-92 parts of pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture, 5-15 parts of mineral additives, and 1-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents.

[0008] Preferably, the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture includes stable organic matter formed by the complete decomposition of agricultural and forestry waste after composite pretreatment; wherein the composite pretreatment includes physical crushing, chemical treatment and microbial fermentation performed sequentially.

[0009] Preferably, the mixture of agricultural and forestry wastes includes at least one of agricultural waste and forestry waste; the agricultural waste includes crop straw and fruit shells; and the forestry waste includes branches and sawdust.

[0010] Preferably, the chemical treatment involves using a 1%-5% dilute acid or a 2%-5% dilute alkali at 50-80°C for 1-3 hours; the compound microbial agent used in the microbial fermentation includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the inoculum amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste mixture; the fermentation temperature is 40-60°C, and the fermentation time is 5-10 days.

[0011] Preferably, the compound microbial agent includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the mineral additives include bentonite and zeolite powder; and the beneficial microbial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria and / or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

[0012] The second inventive point of this invention is: a method for preparing an agricultural and forestry waste amendment, comprising the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Drying, physically crushing, chemically treating and microbially fermenting agricultural and forestry waste raw materials to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste; S2: Mixed additives: Take mineral additives and beneficial microbial agents according to the mass proportions, and mix them evenly with the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture obtained in step S1; S3: Post-processing: Granulate and dry the mixed material from step S2 to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0013] Preferably, step S1 includes the following steps in sequence: S11: Dry and physically crush agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, wherein the particle size of the crushed agricultural and forestry waste is 1-5mm; S12: Chemically treat the agricultural and forestry waste after step S11 by using 1%-5% dilute acid or 2%-5% dilute alkali to treat the crushed agricultural and forestry waste at a temperature of 50-80℃ for 1-3 hours, and then wash it with water until it is neutral. S13: Inoculate the agricultural and forestry waste treated in step S12 with a compound microbial agent for fermentation. The inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste. The fermentation temperature is 40-60℃ and the fermentation time is 5-10 days. During the fermentation process, the waste is turned over regularly to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the particle size of the granulated particles is 3-5 mm, and the moisture content of the dried material is less than 10%.

[0015] The third inventive point of this invention is: the application of an agricultural and forestry waste amendment in soil reclamation. Beneficial effects

[0016] This invention uses agricultural and forestry waste as the core raw material and effectively solves the degradation problem of lignocellulose through a highly targeted composite pretreatment process of "physical crushing-chemical treatment-microbial fermentation," transforming it into fully decomposed, stable, high-quality organic matter. This process not only realizes the resource utilization of waste and reduces environmental pollution at the source, but also ensures the standardization of the production process and the stability of product quality through precise control of process parameters (such as crushing particle size, treatment temperature and time, inoculum dosage, and fermentation conditions), laying the foundation for large-scale industrial application. The entire technical route transforms "pollution source" into "resource," embodying the concept of a circular economy.

[0017] This soil conditioner creatively constructs a triple synergistic mechanism of "physical structure improvement - chemical nutrient supplementation - biological activity activation" by scientifically combining fully decomposed organic matter, structure-improving minerals (bentonite, zeolite powder), and functional beneficial microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria). This design not only rapidly improves soil aggregate structure and fertilizer retention capacity but also continuously activates soil nutrients through microbial activity, fundamentally and systematically enhancing overall soil fertility. Therefore, the product is particularly suitable for degraded soils such as those in mine reclamation projects that are deficient in organic matter and have low microbial activity. It can quickly "inoculate" and rebuild a healthy soil ecosystem, demonstrating outstanding ecological restoration value. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, a more detailed description is provided below. However, it should be understood that the description herein is merely for explaining this application and is not intended to limit its scope.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. All reagents and instruments used herein are commercially available, and the characterization methods involved can be found in relevant descriptions in the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

[0020] To further understand this application, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the preferred embodiments. Example 1

[0021] This embodiment provides an agricultural and forestry waste amendment, which includes a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste, mineral additives, and beneficial microbial agents.

[0022] It consists of three main components: a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste, mineral additives, and beneficial microbial agents. The pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture is primarily responsible for providing stable organic matter to improve the physical structure of the soil; the mineral additives utilize their adsorption properties to optimize the soil's nutrient and water retention capacity; and the beneficial microbial agents, as a key source of biological activity, activate nutrients in the soil through their life activities. These three components work together to achieve comprehensive improvement of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment, the raw materials are in the following proportions by mass: 80-92 parts of pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture, 5-15 parts of mineral additives, and 1-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents.

[0024] 80-92 parts of pre-treated waste ensure that the product is mainly composed of organic matter; 5-15 parts of mineral additives can effectively play a structural adjustment role without excessively diluting the active ingredients; 1-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents ensure effective inoculation while taking into account the product's economy, together forming an optimized and balanced formulation system.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment, the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture includes stable organic matter formed by the complete decomposition of agricultural and forestry waste after composite pretreatment; wherein, the composite pretreatment includes physical crushing, chemical treatment and microbial fermentation performed sequentially.

[0026] It has been clarified that it is a stable organic matter formed by the complete decomposition of agricultural and forestry waste through a specific composite pretreatment process of "physical crushing - chemical treatment - microbial fermentation". This continuous process ensures that the waste is completely transformed, resulting in an efficient and safe final product.

[0027] As a further preferred embodiment, the mixture of agricultural and forestry wastes includes at least one of agricultural waste and forestry waste; the agricultural waste includes crop straw and fruit shells; and the forestry waste includes branches and sawdust.

[0028] The inclusion of common and widely available biomass resources such as crop straw and fruit shells in the agricultural sector, as well as branches and sawdust in the forestry sector, into the scope of raw materials provides a clear basis for raw material selection for the specific implementation of the technology.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment, the chemical treatment involves using a 1%-5% dilute acid or a 2%-5% dilute alkali at 50-80°C for 1-3 hours; the compound microbial agent used in the microbial fermentation includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the inoculum amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste mixture; the fermentation temperature is 40-60°C, and the fermentation time is 5-10 days. Any commercially available cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria can achieve the effects of this invention, and no limitations are imposed here.

[0030] The chemical treatment stage uses dilute acids or alkalis of specific concentrations under elevated temperatures to efficiently break down the lignocellulose structure. The microbial fermentation stage, on the other hand, specifies the type of inoculant, inoculum size, temperature, and time range. These precise parameters are crucial for ensuring the reproducibility, efficiency, and stability of the final product.

[0031] As a further preferred embodiment, the composite microbial agent includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the mineral additives include bentonite and zeolite powder; and the beneficial microbial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria and / or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Any nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that are commercially available can achieve the effects of this invention, and no limitations are imposed here.

[0032] Among them, the compound microbial agent contains strains responsible for degrading cellulose, the mineral additives specifically include bentonite and zeolite powder, and the beneficial microbial agent refers to nitrogen-fixing bacteria and / or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that function after being applied to the soil, thus clarifying the division of labor and synergy of each component at different stages of preparation and application. Example 2

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing the agricultural and forestry waste amendment described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Drying, physically crushing, chemically treating and microbially fermenting agricultural and forestry waste raw materials to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste; S2: Mixed additives: Take mineral additives and beneficial microbial agents according to the mass proportions, and mix them evenly with the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture obtained in step S1; S3: Post-processing: Granulate and dry the mixed material from step S2 to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0034] The method begins with the pretreatment of raw materials to transform waste, then mixes all components in proportion, and finally forms a stable commercial formulation through granulation and drying. The three steps are interconnected.

[0035] In a further preferred embodiment, step S1 includes, in sequence: S11: Dry and physically crush agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, wherein the particle size of the crushed agricultural and forestry waste is 1-5mm; S12: Chemically treat the agricultural and forestry waste after step S11 by using 1%-5% dilute acid or 2%-5% dilute alkali to treat the crushed agricultural and forestry waste at a temperature of 50-80℃ for 1-3 hours, and then wash it with water until it is neutral. S13: Inoculate the agricultural and forestry waste treated in step S12 with a compound microbial agent for fermentation. The inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste. The fermentation temperature is 40-60℃ and the fermentation time is 5-10 days. During the fermentation process, the waste is turned over regularly to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste.

[0036] First, the raw materials are crushed to a specific particle size, then chemically treated and washed with water until neutral to prepare the substrate and environment for microbial fermentation. Finally, under strict control of the inoculation amount and temperature, and with the addition of turning the pile, full fermentation is carried out to ensure thorough decomposition.

[0037] As a further preferred embodiment, in step S3, the particle size of the granulated particles is 3-5 mm, and the moisture content of the dried material is less than 10%.

[0038] Granulation into 3-5 mm particles facilitates application and storage, while controlling the moisture content of the dried material to below 10% is a key guarantee to ensure the stability of microbial activity and prevent mold growth during the storage period. Example 3

[0039] This embodiment provides an application of the agricultural and forestry waste conditioner described in Embodiment 1 or the agricultural and forestry waste conditioner prepared in Embodiment 2 in soil reclamation.

[0040] The soil conditioner is specifically designed to address the severe problems unique to reclaimed soils, such as structural damage, lack of organic matter, and low microbial activity. Example 4

[0041] Experimental Example 1 Raw material preparation: A mixture of agricultural and forestry waste: corn stalks and poplar sawdust, mixed at a dry weight ratio of 1:1, totaling 100 kg. Mineral additives: sodium bentonite, 10 kg. Beneficial microbial agents: a compound solid microbial agent of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium), with an effective viable count ≥ 2 billion / g, 5 kg. Compound microbial agent (for fermentation): a solid microbial agent composed of *Trichoderma viride* (responsible for cellulose decomposition) and *Phanerochaete chrysosporium* (responsible for lignin decomposition), with an effective viable count ≥ 1 billion / g, 5 kg (based on 5% of the waste's dry weight).

[0042] Its preparation method: (S1): S11 Physical crushing: The mixed corn stalks and wood chips are crushed using a hammer mill and sieved to control the particle size in the range of 2-3mm.

[0043] S12 Chemical Treatment: Transfer the pulverized material to a corrosion-resistant reactor. Add a 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10. Start stirring and heating, maintaining the temperature at (70±2)℃ for 1.5 hours. After treatment, separate the waste liquid by pressure filtration and repeatedly wash the material with clean water until the pH of the effluent is neutral (pH=7±0.5).

[0044] S13 Microbial fermentation: Inoculation: Spread out the washed filter cake material and adjust its moisture content to about 60%. Then, evenly inoculate it with 5 kg of compound microbial agent.

[0045] Fermentation: The inoculated material is transferred into a temperature-controlled fermentation tank and piled into windrows about 1 meter high. The fermentation temperature is controlled at (50±2)℃, and the fermentation cycle is 7 days.

[0046] Turning the pile: During fermentation, the pile is turned every 48 hours using a turning machine to ensure uniform oxygen supply and sufficient heat dissipation.

[0047] Endpoint determination: After fermentation, the material is dark brown, loose in texture, and has no ammonia or foul odor, which means that the pre-treated agricultural and forestry waste mixture is fully decomposed and has a moisture content of about 35%.

[0048] (S2): Weigh 85 kg (dry basis) of the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture, 10 kg of bentonite, and 5 kg of beneficial microbial agent. Put the three into a double helix conical mixer and mix for 30 minutes until the material is uniform in color.

[0049] (S3): Granulation: The uniformly mixed material is fed into a disc granulator, and a small amount of atomized water is sprayed as a binder to form regular particles with a particle size of (4±0.5) mm.

[0050] Drying: The wet particles are fed into a fluidized bed dryer and dried under hot air at (50±5)℃ until the moisture content of the particles drops to below 8%.

[0051] Packaging: After drying, the granules are cooled and then sealed in packaging to obtain the finished soil conditioner.

[0052] Experimental Example 2: Formula with High Organic Matter Content Formula: 92 kg of pretreated peanut shells and pine sawdust mixture, 5 kg of zeolite powder, and 3 kg of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agent.

[0053] The differences from Example 1 are as follows: Raw materials: peanut shells and pine sawdust were used; Chemical treatment: 2% dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution was used and the mixture was treated at 60℃ for 2 hours; Fermentation inoculum: the amount of compound microbial agent inoculum was 8% of the dry weight of the waste; Fermentation time: the fermentation cycle was 5 days; Final formula: the mixture was prepared in a ratio of 92:5:3; the preparation method was the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Experimental Example 3: High Mineral and Microbial Agent Formula Formula: 80kg of pre-treated fruit tree pruning branches, 15kg of bentonite and zeolite powder mixture (1:1), and 5kg of nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculant.

[0055] The differences from Experimental Example 1 are as follows: Raw materials: Fruit tree pruning branches were used, and the particle size was controlled to be 4-5 mm after physical crushing; Chemical treatment: 4% sodium hydroxide solution was used for treatment at 75℃ for 1 hour; Fermentation conditions: The inoculum amount of compound microbial agent was 3%, the fermentation temperature was 45℃, and the fermentation cycle was 10 days; Final formula: Mixed in a ratio of 80:15:5, and the granulation particle size was 5 mm; The preparation method was the same as that of Experimental Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 1 No chemical treatment: After the raw materials are crushed, they are not subjected to S12 dilute alkali heating treatment and are directly put into fermentation; Fermentation agent and conditions: Commercially available ordinary composting fermentation agent is introduced, and open-air windrow composting is carried out at an ambient temperature (25-35℃) for up to 30 days, with only occasional turning; No additives or compounding: After the compost is matured, no mineral additives or specific functional microbial agents are added, and it is used directly as a control product.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 Formula: 70 kg of pretreated straw mixture, 25 kg of bentonite, and 5 kg of beneficial microbial agent. Difference from Example 1: Final formula ratio: The mass ratio of each component is 70:25:5. The mineral additive content (25 parts) in this formula is far higher than the upper limit of 5-15 parts protected in claim 2 of this invention. The preparation process parameters are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0058] The products obtained in Examples 1-5 were applied in the same dosage to experimental fields in the same reclaimed mining area, with soil without any amendments used as a blank control. After 90 days of cultivation, key soil indicators were tested.

[0059] 1. Soil Organic Matter Content Determination Method: Potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method. Method Summary: Accurately weigh an air-dried soil sample that has passed through a 0.15 mm sieve. Add a certain amount of potassium dichromate standard solution and concentrated sulfuric acid. Heat in an oil bath (170-180℃) for 5 minutes to oxidize the carbon in the soil organic matter with potassium dichromate. After cooling, titrate the remaining potassium dichromate with ferrous sulfate standard solution. Calculate the organic carbon content based on the amount of potassium dichromate consumed, and then multiply by a constant of 1.724 to obtain the soil organic matter content.

[0060] Reference standard: GB 9834-88 "Soil Organic Matter Determination Method".

[0061] 2. Soil Bulk Density Measurement Method: Ring cutter method. Method Summary: A steel ring cutter of known volume (usually 100 cm³) is steadily pressed into undisturbed soil in the field until it fills the soil. The ring cutter is carefully excavated and removed, both ends are flattened, and the soil is brought back to the laboratory. The soil inside the ring cutter is dried in an oven at 105°C to constant weight (usually about 8-12 hours). The ratio of the dry soil weight to the ring cutter volume is the soil bulk density.

[0062] Calculation formula: Bulk density (g / cm³) = [Dried soil weight (g)] / [Ring cutter volume (cm³)].

[0063] 3. Porosity Measurement method: Calculation method. Method summary: Porosity is not directly measured, but rather calculated from soil bulk density and soil density (specific gravity). Soil density is typically calculated using an empirical value of 2.65 g / cm³.

[0064] Calculation formula: Porosity (%) = (1 - [Bulk density / density]) × 100%.

[0065] 4. Alkali-hydrolyzable Nitrogen content Determination Method: Alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method. Method Summary: Weigh an air-dried soil sample that has passed through a 1mm sieve and place it in the outer chamber of a diffusion dish. Add a mixture of boric acid indicator solution to the inner chamber. Add sodium hydroxide solution to the outer chamber and quickly seal the glass lid. This allows readily hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil to be converted into ammonia gas under alkaline conditions and diffuse out, where it is absorbed by the boric acid solution in the inner chamber. After incubating at 40℃ for 24 hours, titrate the solution in the inner chamber with standard sulfuric acid solution. Calculate the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content based on the amount of sulfuric acid consumed. Reference Standard: LY / T1228-2015 "Determination of Nitrogen in Forest Soils".

[0066] 5. Available Phosphorus Content Determination Method: Sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method (Olsen method). Method Summary: Applicable to neutral or calcareous soils. Weigh the soil sample and extract it with a 0.5 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution (pH=8.5) at a specific temperature with shaking for 30 minutes. The phosphate ions in the extract react with ammonium molybdate, potassium antimony tartrate, and ascorbic acid to form phosphomolybdic blue. The absorbance is measured at 880 nm using a spectrophotometer. The available phosphorus content in the soil is calculated by comparing with a standard curve. Reference Standard: GB 12297-1990 "Determination of Available Phosphorus in Calcareous Soils".

[0067] 6. Soil Microbial Population Assay method: Dilution plating method. Brief description: Weigh 10g of fresh soil sample and add it to 90mL of sterile physiological saline. Shake vigorously to prepare a 1:10 soil suspension. Then perform a series of serial dilutions (e.g., 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻³). 4 ...). Select 2-3 suitable dilutions, and spread 0.1 mL of each dilution onto beef extract peptone medium (for culturing bacteria). Invert the plates and incubate them in a constant temperature incubator at 28-30℃ for 3-5 days. Count the number of colonies (CFU, Colony Forming Units) on the plates, and calculate the number of microorganisms per gram of dry soil based on the dilution factor. Results are expressed as: CFU / g DrySoil.

[0068] 7. Ryegrass Biomass Method of determination: Pot harvesting method. Brief description of the method: In each treatment group (example and control), the same number (e.g., 20 seeds) of ryegrass seeds were sown in pots. The plants were cultured for 90 days under uniform light, temperature, and water management conditions. After cultivation, the above-ground parts (stems and leaves) were cut at the soil surface with scissors, rinsed with clean water, and surface moisture was patted dry. The fresh weight was then immediately obtained. The plant samples were then dried in an oven at 80°C until constant weight (approximately 48 hours), and weighed again to obtain the dry weight. Biomass is typically reported and compared as dry weight per pot (g / pot) to exclude moisture interference.

[0069] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1. Performance test results of Experimental Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0071] 1. Analysis of Organic Matter Enhancement and Soil Physical Structure Improvement Data: The soil organic matter content of Experiment Examples 1-3 (23.0-28.1 g / kg) was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (18.5 g / kg), Comparative Example 2 (15.2 g / kg), and the blank control (10.2 g / kg). Correspondingly, their soil bulk density (1.12-1.18 g / cm³) was the lowest, and their porosity (50.8%-54.0%) was the highest. The core of the success of this invention lies in the "composite pretreatment." Chemical treatment effectively disrupts the complex crystalline structure of lignocellulose, followed by efficient microbial fermentation that completely transforms it into stable, well-rotted, active organic matter. This organic matter acts as a "glue" for forming soil aggregates, significantly reducing the bulk density of heavy clay soils, increasing porosity, and thus improving aeration and water retention.

[0072] Comparative Example 1 (Simple Compost): Due to the lack of a key chemical pretreatment step, the degradation of lignocellulose was incomplete, resulting in poor quality and insufficient stability of the formed organic matter, thus limiting its effect on improving the physical structure of the soil. Comparative Example 2 (Imbalanced Proportion): Excessive minerals (25 parts) severely diluted the effective content of organic matter (only 70 parts), resulting in insufficient organic matter "binding agent" provided by a unit mass of amendment, thus the improvement effect was even worse than that of Comparative Example 4.

[0073] 2. Analysis of soil nutrient activation and supply capacity: Data Performance: In terms of the two key nutrient indicators, alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus, Experimental Examples 1-3 (alkaline nitrogen: 110.3-135.8 mg / kg; available phosphorus: 40.5-50.7 mg / kg) significantly outperformed all other groups. Invention Example: The key lies in the targeted introduction of beneficial microbial agents. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert nitrogen in the air, which plants cannot utilize, into absorbable ammonium nitrogen; phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria dissolve phosphorus fixed in the soil by secreting organic acids. The formulation of this invention provides these functional microbial communities with ample organic matter as "food" and a suitable habitat, while mineral additives provide them with a safe microporous shelter, enabling them to rapidly colonize and function, forming a sustainable "bio-fertilizer factory." Comparative Example 1 (simple compost): Relies entirely on the mineralization of organic matter to release nutrients, with limited speed and total amount, and lacks the ability of functional microorganisms to activate the original inert nutrients in the soil. Comparative Example 2 (Imbalanced Ratio): Although a microbial agent was added, the excessively high mineral content and relatively low organic matter content worsened the living environment of the microorganisms, causing the microbial agent to be unable to reproduce and function effectively, and greatly reducing the nutrient activation effect.

[0074] 3. Analysis of the degree of restoration of the soil ecosystem Data performance: Microbial counts in Experiments 1-3 (13.5-16.5 × 10⁻⁶) 6 The CFU / g of this invention is 2-3 times that of ratios 1 and 2, ultimately resulting in a significantly higher ryegrass biomass (33.2-35.6 g / pot). This invention's embodiment utilizes a three-pronged design of "organic matter-minerals-microorganisms," successfully constructing a virtuous cycle of micro-ecosystem. The excellent physical structure and abundant organic matter attract the recovery and growth of native microorganisms, while the introduced functional bacteria become the dominant flora, driving nutrient cycling. This healthy soil ecosystem directly translates into higher plant productivity, which is ultimately reflected in the increased ryegrass biomass.

[0075] Comparative Examples 1 and 2: Comparative Example 1 had a poor soil microenvironment, with insufficient "food" and "housing" for microorganisms; Comparative Example 2, due to component imbalance, inhibited microbial activity. Neither could establish an effective ecological cycle, resulting in mediocre plant growth.

[0076] The core advantage of this invention lies in achieving synergistic and enhanced effects of the physical, chemical, and biological functions of soil conditioners through precise component ratios and systematic pretreatment processes. The failures of Comparative Example 1 (existing technology) and Comparative Example 2 (imbalanced formulation) serve as a testament to the necessity and scientific rigor of each step in the technical solution of this invention (especially pretreatment and formulation). Example 1, as a representative of a balanced formulation, demonstrates the best overall performance; Examples 2 and 3 prove the flexibility and effectiveness of this invention under specific requirements (high organic matter or high mineral content).

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An agricultural and forestry waste amendment, characterized in that, It includes pretreated mixtures of agricultural and forestry waste, mineral additives, and beneficial microbial agents.

2. The modifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials are formulated in the following proportions by weight: 80-92 parts of pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture, 5-15 parts of mineral additives, and 1-5 parts of beneficial microbial agents.

3. The modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste includes stable organic matter formed by the complete decomposition of agricultural and forestry waste after composite pretreatment; wherein the composite pretreatment includes physical crushing, chemical treatment and microbial fermentation in sequence.

4. The modifier according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixture of agricultural and forestry wastes includes at least one of agricultural waste and forestry waste; the agricultural waste includes crop straw and fruit shells; and the forestry waste includes branches and sawdust.

5. The modifier according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chemical treatment involves using a 1%-5% dilute acid or a 2%-5% dilute alkali at 50-80°C for 1-3 hours; the compound microbial agent used in the microbial fermentation includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the inoculum amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste mixture; the fermentation temperature is 40-60°C, and the fermentation time is 5-10 days.

6. The modifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent includes cellulose-decomposing bacteria and lignin-decomposing bacteria; the mineral additives include bentonite and zeolite powder; the beneficial microbial agent contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria and / or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

7. A method for preparing an agricultural and forestry waste amendment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment: Drying, physically crushing, chemically treating and microbially fermenting agricultural and forestry waste raw materials to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste; S2: Mixed additives: Take mineral additives and beneficial microbial agents according to the mass proportions, and mix them evenly with the pretreated agricultural and forestry waste mixture obtained in step S1; S3: Post-processing: Granulate and dry the mixed material from step S2 to obtain the soil conditioner.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S1 includes, in sequence: S11: Dry and physically crush agricultural and forestry waste raw materials, wherein the particle size of the crushed agricultural and forestry waste is 1-5mm; S12: Chemically treat the agricultural and forestry waste after step S11 by using 1%-5% dilute acid or 2%-5% dilute alkali to treat the crushed agricultural and forestry waste at a temperature of 50-80℃ for 1-3 hours, and then wash it with water until it is neutral. S13: Inoculate the agricultural and forestry waste treated in step S12 with a compound microbial agent for fermentation. The inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 3%-8% of the dry weight of the agricultural and forestry waste. The fermentation temperature is 40-60℃ and the fermentation time is 5-10 days. During the fermentation process, the waste is turned over regularly to obtain a pretreated mixture of agricultural and forestry waste.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the particle size of the granulated particles is 3-5 mm, and the moisture content of the dried material is less than 10%.

10. The application of an agricultural and forestry waste amendment according to any one of claims 1-6 or an agricultural and forestry waste amendment prepared according to any one of claims 7-9 in soil reclamation.

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