Bimodal vibration fluidization cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of heat energy waste, secondary pollution, poor product stability and the like existing in a traditional metallurgical slag treatment process (such as a water quenching method and a slow cooling method) and the common core technical defects of insufficient slag particle cooling and easy adhesion among particles existing in a novel dry centrifugal granulation technology, the invention discloses a bimodal vibration fluidization cooling device system for a high-temperature metallurgical material. According to the device system, high-temperature viscous metallurgical slag particles with the temperature of 1000-1300 DEG C are treated through the synergistic process of precooling and mixed feeding, high-frequency vibration + instant cooling, low-frequency vibration + continuous cooling and graded collection and monitoring; slag particles are quickly scattered through cooperation of high-frequency vibration and instant cold air, and bonding is restrained; the low-frequency vibration intensifies the attachment of the concentrate powder so as to optimize the surface property, meanwhile, continuous cold air ensures that slag particles are fully cooled in the whole process, finally, the unbonded dispersion-efficient cooling-low-inertia modification integrated treatment of the metallurgical slag is achieved, and the resource utilization efficiency of the metallurgical slag is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dry treatment and resource utilization technology for metallurgical solid waste, specifically to a dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system and method for high-temperature metallurgical materials. It is particularly suitable for solving the technical bottlenecks of insufficient slag cooling and easy particle agglomeration in dry centrifugal granulation processes, enabling efficient resource utilization of high-temperature metallurgical slags such as blast furnace slag, steel slag, copper slag, nickel slag, and lead slag. Background Technology

[0002] Metallurgical slag is a major byproduct of metal smelting, produced at extremely high temperatures (typically 1200-1500℃), with high viscosity and high yield. It contains various valuable metallic elements and has high recycling value. However, its high temperature and high viscosity also lead to a series of problems during processing, such as easy adhesion, slow cooling, and difficulty in recovering residual heat.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream metallurgical slag treatment processes each have their significant drawbacks: Traditional wet processes (such as water quenching): While high-pressure water quenching can achieve granulation, it results in over 80% heat energy waste and generates large amounts of wastewater containing heavy metals, acidic vapors, and dust, posing environmental pollution and steam explosion risks. Furthermore, the treated slag particles require long-term aging to ensure stability. Slow cooling methods: Cooling is achieved through natural or forced ventilation, with cooling cycles lasting tens of hours, resulting in extremely low efficiency. During slow cooling, slag particles are prone to agglomeration and adhesion due to uneven temperature fields and surface softening, forming large lumps that significantly increase the difficulty and energy consumption of subsequent crushing, leading to low metal recovery rates.

[0004] Dry centrifugal granulation: As a green granulation technology, it avoids water pollution and can recover some waste heat. However, its core bottleneck lies in the fact that the high-temperature slag particles after granulation (usually still above 800-1200℃) cannot be cooled instantly, uniformly, and sufficiently. During collection, transportation, and storage, these high-temperature particles will soften due to waste heat, leading to severe inter-particle adhesion, with adhesion rates as high as 15%-30%, which seriously hinders subsequent sorting and high-value utilization.

[0005] Single-vibration fluidization technology: While vibration can disperse some slag particles, it typically employs a single-frequency mode and fails to coordinate with the deep cooling process, thus failing to fundamentally solve the secondary adhesion problem caused by insufficient cooling. Furthermore, this technology lacks the ability to actively modify the surface properties of slag particles, making it difficult to meet the activity requirements for slag particles in resource utilization pathways such as building material admixtures. In summary, existing technologies either suffer from serious environmental pollution and energy waste or fail to effectively resolve the core contradiction between "cooling" and "anti-adhesion" in dry processing routes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative technology and equipment that can achieve integrated "efficient cooling, forced dispersion, and simultaneous modification." Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system and method for high-temperature metallurgical materials. This system creatively integrates three core functions: "dual-modal vibration dispersion," "gradient synchronous cooling," and "in-situ modification of mineral powder," precisely solving three major challenges in the dry processing of high-temperature metallurgical slag: insufficient cooling, particle adhesion, and high chemical inertness. This achieves non-adhesive dispersion of slag particles, efficient cooling, and enhanced activity. To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling system for high-temperature metallurgical materials includes: Dual-mode vibration system: Composed of a high-frequency vibrator, a low-frequency vibrator and spring support components, it is used to apply two different mechanical forces to the slag particles to achieve the purpose of first dispersing and crushing, and then mixing and modifying.

[0007] Synchronous cooling system: includes fluidized silos with multiple independent air zones, cold air nozzles arranged in each air zone, fans and flow frequency regulators, providing gradient and real-time forced cooling for the entire slag particle processing process.

[0008] Mineral powder injection system: including concentrate powder nozzles and pneumatic conveying pipes connected thereto, used to quantitatively inject modified mineral powder into high-temperature slag particles.

[0009] Auxiliary systems include water-cooled pipes, pulse bag filters, and temperature sensors, ensuring safe, stable, and environmentally friendly operation of the system.

[0010] Intelligent control system: Connected to the aforementioned sensors and actuators, it adjusts vibration, cooling, and powder spraying parameters in real time based on a preset model to optimize the process. The working principle and synergistic effect of this invention are as follows: Pre-cooling and mixing feed: After the high-temperature slag particles (1200-1300℃) enter the system, they are first pre-cooled to 1150-1250℃ in the feed zone to reduce their initial viscosity. At the same time, concentrate powder at a mass ratio of 3-10% is injected to form a preliminary physical isolation layer.

[0011] Synergistic effect of high-frequency vibration and instantaneous cooling: In the high-frequency vibration zone (frequency 30-60Hz, amplitude 1-3mm), the inertial force of high acceleration effectively breaks down the van der Waals forces and other binding forces between slag particles, achieving forced dispersion. Simultaneously, the dense "instantaneous cooling" cold air nozzles in this zone rapidly quench the newly dispersed high-temperature slag particles with the largest specific surface area, quickly reducing their temperature from 1150-1250℃ to 1000-1100℃, thus "freezing" their dispersed state and fundamentally preventing secondary adhesion caused by excessively high slag particle temperature and surface softening. This is the key to solving the problem of "adhesion caused by insufficient cooling." Synergistic effect of low-frequency vibration and continuous cooling: The dispersed slag particles enter the low-frequency vibration zone (frequency 2-10Hz, amplitude 5-10mm). The large-amplitude low-frequency vibration causes slow and thorough compression, friction, and tumbling between the slag particles, greatly extending the contact time and intensity between the concentrate powder and the slag particle surface. This increases the adhesion rate of the concentrate powder to over 90%, effectively modifying the slag particle surface and reducing its chemical inertness. Simultaneously, the "continuous cooling" air zone further cools the slag particles, ultimately reducing their average temperature to below 1000℃ (preferably below 600℃), completely eliminating any risk of adhesion due to residual heat.

[0012] Intelligent Monitoring and Protection: The system monitors the operating status in real time through temperature sensors, differential pressure sensors, etc. Once an abnormal temperature or equipment malfunction is detected, it can immediately adjust or shut down to ensure safety. To ensure the high efficiency and reliability of the dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling system, theoretical calculations are performed using the following key parameters: High-frequency vibration dispersion: The core function of the high-frequency vibrator amplitude is to provide sufficient inertial force to the slag to overcome its initial adhesion force. The maximum acceleration generated is substituted into the parameter range: When f1 = 30Hz, A1 = 1mm, a max =3.6g When f2 = 60Hz and A2 = 3mm, a max =43.5g This magnitude of acceleration is sufficient to generate significant inertial force on millimeter-sized boiler slag particles, effectively disrupting the solid-phase combustion and initial liquid bridging between particles, achieving forced dispersion. Even with calculations of the cooling heat transfer and anti-adhesion time window: To prevent the dispersed high-temperature slag particles (initial temperature T0 = 1200℃) from re-agglomerating under hot conditions, their surface temperature must be cooled below their softening point within the secondary agglomeration time window. The approximate cooling time constant γ of the slag particles can be estimated as: where: ρ is the particle density of the slag (3000 kg / m3); C p Specific heat capacity; d represents the characteristic diameter of the slag particles (based on a 5mm diameter). h is the forced convection heat transfer coefficient (for high-speed cold air jets, h can be taken as ~200W / (m²)). 2 .K)) Γ=15 seconds The calculation yields 15 seconds. However, the typical residence time of slag particles in the high-frequency vibration zone is 20-40 seconds, much longer than r. This ensures that the instantaneous cooling system can rapidly reduce the core temperature of the slag from approximately 1200°C to below 1100°C (the softening temperature of the slag) before the particles soften due to heat accumulation, thereby eliminating the thermodynamic conditions for secondary adhesion.

[0013] Kinetic calculation of low-frequency vibration enhancing mineral adhesion: The low-frequency vibrator aims to prolong the contact time between minerals and slag particles and enhance interfacial interaction through low-frequency, large-amplitude vibration. The average relative velocity of particles in the vibrating bed is related to the vibration intensity.

[0014] Substitute the parameter range for calculation: When f1 = 2Hz and A1 = 5mm, Γ = 0.08 When f2 = 60Hz and A2 = 3mm, Γ = 4.03 The Γ value of this system ranges from 0.8 to 4.0. Within this range, the particles are in an optimal "expanded fluidization" state, ensuring sufficient mixing and contact while preventing excessive throwing that could cause the attached minerals to detach. Simultaneously, the residence time of the slag particles in the low-frequency region is designed to be 60-120 seconds, providing ample kinetic time for minerals to adhere through physical embedding and surface diffusion, thus achieving a high adhesion rate of ≥90%.

[0015] System cooling airflow and heat balance estimation: With a processing capacity of 2t / h and an initial temperature of T for granular slag... s,in =1250℃, target temperature is T S,OUT Taking 600℃ as an example, the total heat released by the slag is Q. s Q s =m s C PS (T s,in -T S,OUT )=0.556×1200×(1250-600)=434kW Calculation of the heat and mass flow rate required for cooling air: Assuming the ambient cooling air inlet temperature T air，in =25℃, to protect the equipment and leave a margin, its outlet temperature T is set to 25℃. air，out =200℃. Specific heat capacity of air at an average temperature of 112.5℃.

[0016] According to thermal balance, the heat absorbed by the air is equal to the heat released by the slag: Q s =m air C p，air (T) air，out -T air，in ) M air =2.45kg / s (3) Conversion of volumetric flow rate under standard conditions: The air density under standard conditions is ρ = 1.293 kg / m³, then the standard volumetric flow rate is: V0 = 1.90 Nm³ / s = 6828 Nm³ / h The above calculations, considering four dimensions—mechanical dispersion feasibility, cooling time window, dynamic adhesion conditions, and system thermal balance—fully demonstrate the design rationality of the dual-mode vibration fluidized bed cooling device. All parameters (frequency, amplitude, residence time, and airflow) are matched with each other under theoretical support, jointly ensuring the system efficiently and reliably achieves the integrated functional goals of "forced dispersion, immediate cooling, and enhanced adhesion."

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Highly efficient anti-adhesion and deep cooling: Through the millisecond-level synergy of "high-frequency vibration crushing" and "instant air cooling quenching", the temperature of slag particles is rapidly reduced before adhesion occurs, realizing "dispersion and cooling at the same time", which solves the core bottleneck of insufficient cooling after dry granulation and significantly improves the non-adhesion rate of slag particles.

[0018] Synchronous surface activity modification: Utilizing the mixing and strengthening effect of low-frequency vibration, efficient and firm adhesion of concentrate powder to the slag particle surface is simultaneously achieved during the cooling process. This alters the surface properties of the slag particles, significantly improving their chemical activity as building material raw materials or mineralizers, thus integrating the "cooling" and "modification" processes. Comprehensive energy and resource utilization: Using air as the cooling medium avoids water consumption and pollution; waste heat from the system can be recovered through the heat exchange section; the injected concentrate powder itself can be utilized as a resource, making the entire process green and efficient.

[0019] Stable operation and intelligent controllability: The dual-modal vibration design is scientific and avoids resonance; the cooling air volume and vibration parameters of the independent zones are adjustable to adapt to the treatment of metallurgical slag with different characteristics; combined with the intelligent control system, it can achieve precise optimization of process parameters and stable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-modal vibration fluidization cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials described in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Feed inlet; 2. Pre-cooling zone and mixing feed section; 3. High-frequency vibrator; 4. High-frequency vibration zone (instant cooling air zone); 5. Low-frequency vibrator; 6. Low-frequency vibration zone (continuous cooling air zone); 7. Guide plate; 8. Concentrate powder nozzle; 9. Cold air nozzle (instant cooling); 10. Cold air nozzle (continuous cooling); 11. Fluidized silo; 12. Spring support; 13. Classified discharge port; 14. Pulse bag filter; 15. Fan; 16. Flow rate frequency converter; 17. Pneumatic conveying device; 18. Temperature sensor; 19. Intelligent control cabinet.

[0022] Figure 2 System flow diagram of a dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device for high-temperature metallurgical materials Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Example 1: This embodiment uses the system of the present invention to process blast furnace slag particles after dry centrifugation at a temperature of approximately 1250°C.

[0025] (1) System preparation and preheating: Start the system and use a small amount of hot air or the residual heat of the slag particles to be treated to preheat the fluidized silo (11) so that the inner wall temperature rises to about 200°C or above, to prevent the slag particles from being rapidly cooled and sticking to the silo wall. Check the water cooling pipes to ensure that the critical parts such as the vibrator bearings are cooled normally. Start the fan (15) and adjust the cooling air volume to the initial value.

[0026] (2) Pre-cooling and mixing feeding: Blast furnace slag particles at approximately 1250°C are fed into the pre-cooling zone (2) of the fluidized bed silo (11) at a rate of 1.5 t / h from the feed inlet (1). Simultaneously, the cold air nozzles (9) in this zone are turned on to initially reduce the surface temperature of the slag particles to approximately 1200°C. At the same time, the pneumatic conveying device (17) is started to spray 200-mesh iron ore powder, accounting for 5% of the slag particle mass, through the concentrate powder nozzle (8) to initially mix it with the high-temperature slag particles.

[0027] (3) High-frequency vibration and instant cooling: Start the four high-frequency vibrators (3) symmetrically installed on both sides of the silo, set the frequency to 50Hz and the amplitude to 2mm. The slag particles are quickly dispersed in the high-frequency vibration zone (4). At the same time, the cold air nozzles (9) densely arranged in this area spray high-speed cooling air to rapidly cool the temperature of the just dispersed slag particles to about 1050℃.

[0028] (4) Low-frequency vibration and continuous cooling: The slag particles, which have been dispersed and preliminarily cooled, enter the low-frequency vibration zone (6) through the guide plate (7). The two low-frequency vibrators (5) installed at the bottom of the silo are started, with the frequency set to 8Hz and the amplitude to 8mm. In this zone, the slag particles come into full contact with and are compressed by the iron ore powder during slow tumbling, and the iron ore powder adheres firmly. The cold air nozzles (10) in this zone continue to work, finally cooling the slag particles to about 600°C.

[0029] (5) Graded collection and monitoring: The cooled and modified slag particles are discharged and collected through the graded discharge port (13). Temperature sensor (18) monitors the temperature of each section in real time to ensure that the final discharge temperature is stable below 600℃. The dust collected by the pulse bag dust collector (14) is returned to the system for utilization. Throughout the process, the intelligent control cabinet (19) fine-tunes the cooling air volume according to the temperature feedback to ensure process stability.

[0030] The blast furnace slag particles processed in this embodiment have a uniform particle size (mainly within the range of 5-25mm), no inter-particle adhesion, and an iron ore powder adhesion rate of over 92%. The chemical activity of the slag particles is significantly improved, making them suitable as high-quality cement admixtures or micro-powder raw materials, thus greatly enhancing their resource utilization value.

[0031] Example 2: Treatment of Copper Slag This embodiment uses the system of the present invention to process copper smelting slag particles at a temperature of approximately 1300°C.

[0032] (1) System preparation: The process is the same as in Example 1. Due to the high viscosity of copper slag, the preheating temperature is increased to about 220°C. 300-mesh copper smelting dust is selected as the concentrate powder, and the mass ratio of the sprayed powder is 8%.

[0033] (2) Pre-cooling and mixing feeding: Copper slag particles at 1300℃ are fed at a rate of 1.2 t / h. Pre-cooling air initially cools them down to about 1260℃ and mixes them with copper smelting dust.

[0034] (3) High-frequency vibration and instant cooling: Start the high-frequency vibrator (3), set the frequency to 55Hz and the amplitude to 2.5mm, to crush the copper slag with stronger shear force. The instant cooling air quickly reduces the temperature of the slag particles to 1100℃.

[0035] (4) Low-frequency vibration and continuous cooling: Enter the low-frequency vibration zone (6), set the vibration frequency to 6Hz and the amplitude to 9mm to ensure that the copper slag and dust are fully mixed and modified. Continuous cooling will reduce the temperature of the final product to about 550℃.

[0036] (5) Graded collection and monitoring: Monitor the discharge temperature and system pressure difference to ensure stable operation.

[0037] The treated copper slag particles were well dispersed and free of clumps. The surface-modified copper slag is easier to process in subsequent mineral processing and recovery procedures. Preliminary tests show that the occurrence state of valuable copper is improved, which is beneficial to increasing the recovery rate. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling system for high-temperature metallurgical materials, characterized in that, include: A dual-mode vibration system, comprising a high-frequency vibrator, a low-frequency vibrator, and spring supports; The synchronous cooling system includes a fluidized bed, cold air nozzles located at different positions within the fluidized bed, a fan supplying air to the cold air nozzles, and a flow rate frequency converter for adjusting the air volume; the mineral powder injection system includes a concentrate powder nozzle and a pneumatic conveying pipeline connected to the concentrate powder nozzle; the auxiliary system includes a water-cooled pipeline located at key locations, a pulse bag filter connected to the outlet of the fluidized bed, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the material temperature; wherein, the high-frequency vibrator and the low-frequency vibrator operate according to preset frequencies and amplitudes to apply different modes of mechanical action to the high-temperature metallurgical slag particles in the fluidized bed, in conjunction with the cooling air from the synchronous cooling system and the concentrate powder ejected from the mineral powder injection system, to achieve dispersion, cooling, and surface modification of the slag particles.

2. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature metallurgical slag in step (1) is the high-temperature metallurgical slag produced during the metal smelting process, including blast furnace slag, steel slag, copper slag, nickel slag or lead slag.

3. In the dual-modal vibration fluidization cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, in step (2), there are 4 high-frequency vibrators with a frequency of 30-60Hz and an amplitude of 1-3mm, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the fluidization silo.

4. In the dual-modal vibration fluidized cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, the low-frequency vibrator in step (3) has a frequency of 2-10Hz, an amplitude of 5-10mm, and a quantity of 2, which are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the fluidized material silo.

5. In the high-temperature metallurgical material dual-mode vibration fluidization cooling device system according to claim 3, the vibration direction of the high-frequency vibrator is at an angle of 10° to 30° with the horizontal plane, and the two high-frequency vibrators on the same side adopt a symmetrical reverse vibration mode.

6. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vibration trajectory of the low-frequency vibrator is elliptical or linear, and its vibration direction is consistent with the flow direction of the slag particles, with the amplitude gradually decreasing along the flow direction.

7. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency vibrator and the low-frequency vibrator form a vibration transition section between their installation positions on the fluidized silo, and the transition section is provided with a guide plate for guiding the slag particles.

8. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The concentrate powder nozzle is positioned above the junction of the high-frequency vibrator's action area and the low-frequency vibrator's action area, with its blowing direction forming an angle of 30° to 60° with the mainstream falling direction of the slag particles.

9. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold air nozzles of the synchronous cooling system are divided into multiple independently controlled air zones; each air zone includes at least an instant cooling air zone located above the high-frequency vibrator and a continuous cooling air zone located below the low-frequency vibrator; the air volume and air speed of each air zone are independently adjusted by the flow rate frequency converter.

10. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an intelligent control system, which is connected to the temperature sensor, the high-frequency and low-frequency vibrators, the fan and the flow frequency converter. The intelligent control system is used to dynamically adjust the vibration parameters and the air volume of each cooling air zone based on the real-time monitored slag temperature, vibration parameters and air volume data, and according to the preset temperature-vibration-air volume matching model.

11. The dual-modal vibration fluidized bed cooling device system for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentrate powder used in the ore powder injection system is one or more mixtures of iron ore powder, steel slag powder or metallurgical dust with a particle size in the range of 100 to 500 mesh. It is injected at a speed of 10 to 30 m / s by pneumatic conveying, and the mass ratio of gas to solid in the injection is (2 to 5):

1.

12. A dual-modal vibration fluidization cooling method for high-temperature metallurgical materials based on the apparatus system described in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Pre-cooling and mixing feed: High-temperature metallurgical slag particles with a temperature of 1200-1300℃ are fed into the fluidized silo. At the same time, cooling air is introduced into the silo to initially cool it down to 1150-1250℃. Concentrate powder with a mass ratio of 3-10% is sprayed into the high-temperature slag particles so that the concentrate powder initially adheres to the surface of the slag particles. S2: High-frequency vibration and instant cooling: Start the high-frequency vibrator to apply high-frequency low-amplitude vibration to the slag particles, break up the bonded slag particles, and at the same time spray cooling air into the area to quickly cool the slag particles to 1000-1100℃. S3: Low-frequency vibration and continuous cooling: The dispersed slag particles are brought into the action area of ​​the low-frequency vibrator and large-amplitude low-frequency vibration is applied to enhance the adhesion of concentrate powder on the surface of slag particles. At the same time, cooling air is continuously introduced to reduce the average temperature of slag particles to below 1000℃. S4: Graded collection and monitoring: Collect the cooled and modified slag particles, and monitor the slag temperature, vibration parameters and dust collector pressure difference in real time. Adjust the feed, cooling air volume or vibration parameters according to the monitoring results.

13. The dual-modal vibration fluidization cooling method for high-temperature metallurgical materials according to claim 12, characterized in that, After step S3, the metallurgical slag particles have a surface concentrate powder adhesion rate of ≥90%, no adhesion or agglomeration between slag particles, and the average temperature drops to below 900℃.

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