Device for fast anchoring in air during tunneling of coal mine TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fully-mechanized excavation roadway anchoring, in particular to coal mine TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunneling and air-space rapid anchoring equipment, and aims to solve the problem that existing anchoring equipment cannot realize tunneling and rapid anchoring at the same time, the following scheme is provided: the coal mine TBM tunneling and air-space rapid anchoring equipment comprises a machine body, and an anchor rod drilling machine unit bracket is arranged on the machine body; a rail sliding device is installed between the jumbolter unit support and the machine body so that the jumbolter unit support can move in the length direction of the machine body, and a plurality of jumbolters are detachably installed on the jumbolter unit support. The jumbolter unit support comprises a base and two arched mounting platforms symmetrically fixed to the two ends of the top of the base, and a plurality of jumbolters are distributed on the top faces of the two arched mounting platforms in two rows. Through mutual coordination of the push-control hydraulic cylinder and the anchor rod drilling machine unit support, the anchor rod drilling machine can be static relative to a roadway during coal mine tunneling, so that tunneling and anchoring operations are carried out at the same time, and the roadway tunneling efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchoring technology for fully mechanized tunnels, and more particularly to a rapid anchoring device for TBM tunneling in coal mines. Background Technology

[0002] As coal mining extends to deeper and more complex geological conditions, the application of full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in coal mine roadway construction is becoming increasingly widespread. However, traditional TBM tunneling and roadway support processes suffer from significant temporal and spatial separation: after tunneling, the TBM must be stopped for anchoring operations to be completed manually or with simple equipment. This results in low efficiency in process connection (support time accounts for approximately 30%–50% of the cycle operation) and reduced equipment utilization (TBM downtime waiting rate reaches 40%), severely hindering efficient tunneling in coal mines. Therefore, developing a safe, efficient, reliable, and rapid anchoring method to improve tunneling and support construction processes and enhance roadway completion efficiency is imperative.

[0003] In recent years, significant human and material resources have been invested in the research and development of intelligent equipment for tunneling faces, resulting in substantial breakthroughs and the near-complete automation of tunneling operations, leading to a substantial increase in tunneling speed and efficiency. However, the development of anchoring equipment has lagged behind. Currently, anchoring equipment is mostly operated manually when tunneling is paused. To address these issues, domestic and international efforts have attempted solutions such as folding drill arms or rear-mounted support platforms, but these all suffer from drawbacks such as reduced tunneling efficiency and slow anchoring operations. The numerous manual operation steps, high labor intensity, and slow support speed have become major factors restricting the acceleration of face advancement.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid anchoring equipment that operates synchronously with TBM tunneling. Through structural integration, intelligent operation, and coordinated control, this equipment can overcome the barrier that tunneling and support cannot work simultaneously, achieving a dual improvement in the efficiency and safety of coal mine roadway construction. To address these issues, patents “CN119860250A,” “CN118757196A,” and “CN116658218A” are typical examples. To improve the efficiency and convenience of anchoring operations, this equipment increases the number of anchor drilling rigs and changes their working angle, arrangement, and usage methods to solve the problem of low anchoring efficiency. While this type of solution generally improves the overall tunneling rate, its inherent shortcomings still constrain the development of anchoring equipment and affect the tunneling efficiency of the TBM, as detailed below: 1) Use single drill bit sequential operation The aforementioned publicly disclosed TBM anchoring equipment anchor drilling rig usage scheme uses far fewer anchor drilling rigs than the required number of holes. This results in the drilling rig needing to move several times to complete one support operation, and the time required for a single cycle is relatively long. Meanwhile, the TBM can excavate multiple rings in the same time period, leading to a serious mismatch in speed and affecting the excavation efficiency.

[0005] 2) Adopt phased operation The aforementioned methods of coordinating anchor drilling rigs with TBM tunneling still do not address the most significant factor affecting tunneling speed. Although published patents claim "integration," they largely remain at the structural assembly level and do not achieve true time synchronization. Instead, they employ phased operations (TBM tunneling – shutdown – anchoring operation – TBM tunneling), each switch requiring significant time and failing to achieve true synchronization, resulting in substantial time wasted on process switching. Therefore, this solution proposes a rapid, simultaneous spatial anchoring device for TBM tunneling in coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes a rapid anchoring device for TBM tunneling in coal mines, which has high tunneling and anchoring efficiency, flexible movement, and is easy to operate, providing a solution to the aforementioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A rapid anchoring equipment for TBM tunneling in coal mines includes a machine body, on which a bolt drilling rig unit support is provided. A track sliding device is installed between the bolt drilling rig unit support and the machine body to allow the bolt drilling rig unit support to move along the length of the machine body. Multiple bolt drilling rigs are detachably mounted on the bolt drilling rig unit support. The anchor drilling rig unit support includes a base and two arched mounting platforms symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top of the base. Multiple anchor drilling rigs are distributed in two rows on the top surface of the two arched mounting platforms, and the two rows of anchor drilling rigs are arranged in an alternating pattern. The projection of one row of anchor drilling rigs is located in the middle of the gap between two adjacent anchor drilling rigs in the other row. The bottom surface of the base is equipped with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning sand and gravel on the track sliding device. The cleaning mechanism includes two cleaning pipes installed at the beginning and end of the base respectively and an air distribution component installed on the bottom surface of the base for supplying air to the two cleaning pipes. The cleaning pipes have downward-facing jet holes on the side away from the base. The machine body is also equipped with a hydraulic thrust control device, which works in conjunction with the track sliding device to drive the anchor drilling rig unit support to move or remain stationary along the machine body's travel direction.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the push-control hydraulic cylinder and the anchor drilling rig unit support are coordinated with each other, so that the anchor drilling rig can remain stationary relative to the roadway during coal mine tunneling, thereby realizing the simultaneous tunneling and anchoring operations, which greatly improves the efficiency of roadway tunneling. At the same time, the cleaning mechanism can also clean the sand and gravel on the track sliding device while anchoring.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above solution, the arched installation platform is a hollow structure with multiple spaced support plates inside. The top surface of the arched installation platform has an installation groove tangent to its outer ring for fixing the anchor drilling machine. The installation groove has screw holes for the anchor drilling machine.

[0010] Through the above technical solutions, the hollow structure combined with the support plate design reduces the overall weight and decreases the operating load of the equipment while ensuring the structural strength of the arched installation platform. The combination design of the installation groove and bolt holes enables the rapid disassembly and stable fixing of the anchor drilling rig, and adapts to the adjustment needs of the number of drilling rigs in different anchoring scenarios.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above solution, the hydraulic push control device includes a push control hydraulic cylinder and a back plate. The rear part of the push control hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the back plate by bolts and nuts. The front end of the push control hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the back of the connecting bracket by a lifting lug. The back plate is welded and fixed to the machine body. Solid panels are fixed on the opposite sides of the two arched mounting platforms. Two spaced-apart hinged lifting lug bases are welded onto the solid panels. The lifting lug at the front end of the push control hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the two hinged lifting lug bases.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above solution, the track sliding device is a track sliding device, including a slide rail fixed to the machine body along the machine body's traveling direction, multiple pressure plates fixed to the side of the slide rail, and a slide rail mating seat provided on the top of the slide rail. The bottom surface of the slide rail mating seat has a sliding groove, which is engaged and slidably connected to the edge of the slide rail. A rounded corner washer is installed on the top of the sliding groove to reduce the friction when the sliding groove moves on the slide rail. The pressure plates are fixed to the machine body by screws.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the bottom surface of the base is provided with symmetrically distributed grooves. The slide rail mating seat is fastened to the grooves and then fixedly connected by bolts. The two track sliding devices are respectively matched with the four grooves on the bottom surface of the base.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above solution, the air distribution assembly includes two air cylinders symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the base, a piston plate disposed inside the air cylinders, and a drive component installed on the bottom surface of the base for initiating the piston plate inside the two air cylinders to move along the length direction of the corresponding air cylinders. Each of the two air cylinders is equipped with an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe. Both the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe are equipped with a one-way valve. The two air outlet pipes are respectively connected to two cleaning pipes. Both air inlet pipes are equipped with a filter assembly for filtering air at their inlets.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above solution, the driving component includes a movable shaft rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base along its length direction, a fixed cylinder with a movable tube sleeved outside one end of the movable shaft, an inclined arm fixed to the other end of the movable shaft, a connecting rod rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base along its width direction, and a connecting ring hinged to the bottom surface of the connecting rod. A connecting shaft arranged in its radial direction is rotatably connected to the middle position of the connecting ring. The connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inclined arm. Both ends of the connecting rod are hinged with piston rods. The other ends of the two piston rods extend into two air cylinders and are hinged to piston plates inside the air cylinders. Limiting grooves are provided on both inner walls of the fixed cylinder along its axial direction. Two limiting blocks are fixed at one end of the movable shaft located inside the fixed cylinder. One end of each limiting block extends into the two limiting grooves and slides with them.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above solution, the filter assembly includes a filter cover installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe, a scraper that movably abuts against the outer surface of the filter screen of the filter cover, a rotating shaft fixed at the middle position on one side of the scraper, and a linkage component installed on the bottom surface of the base for driving the rotating shaft to rotate when the fixed cylinder rotates. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a fixing block, and the fixing block is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the filter cover can filter dust and impurities in the air, preventing them from entering the air cylinder and affecting the sealing and movement flexibility of the piston plate; the linkage drives the scraper to rotate, which can clean the dust attached to the filter screen in time, prevent the filter screen from becoming clogged and causing a decrease in air intake efficiency, and ensure the stable operation of the air distribution component.

[0018] As a further improvement to the above solution, the linkage includes a transmission rack arranged along the width of the action, a fixed sleeve movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack, and a reset component installed between the transmission rack and the fixed sleeve. The outer periphery of the rotating shaft is sleeved with a transmission gear meshing with the transmission rack. The outer periphery of the fixed sleeve is sleeved with a cam. A ball is installed at one end of the transmission rack near the fixed sleeve, and the ball abuts against the outer ring of the cam. The elastic component includes a spring retainer sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed sleeve, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the spring retainer.

[0019] A method for using a rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a TBM in a coal mine includes the following steps: S1: In the preparation stage, the hydraulic push control device drives the connecting bracket to move the anchor drilling rig unit to the initial position, so that the connecting bracket is close to the front end of the track sliding device. S2: The machine starts and tunnels forward, bringing the connecting support and the anchor drilling rig unit closer to the anchoring operation area; S3: The machine body continues to advance, and the hydraulic push control device drives the connecting support in the reverse direction, so that the anchor drilling rig unit remains stationary relative to the roadway and is aligned with the anchoring operation area. S4: The anchor drilling rig is started to carry out anchoring operations. During the operation, the hydraulic push control device continuously fine-tunes the position of the connecting bracket to maintain the relative static state between the anchor drilling rig and the roadway. S5: Once a single anchoring operation is completed, the anchor drilling rig unit stops operating; S6: The hydraulic push control device drives the connecting bracket to move the anchor drilling rig to the next anchoring operation area, repeating steps S1-S6 to achieve simultaneous TBM tunneling and anchoring operations.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention achieves relative stillness of the anchor drilling rig unit relative to the roadway through the synergistic action of the hydraulic cylinder and the slide rail, effectively improving the overall tunneling speed of the TBM. When the TBM advances forward, the hydraulic cylinder controls the anchor drilling rig unit to remain stationary relative to the roadway, thereby completing the anchoring work. During this process, the TBM does not need to stop tunneling. After the first stage of anchoring is completed, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the anchor drilling rig unit forward, making it stationary relative to the roadway again and proceeding to the next stage of work, realizing self-circulating anchoring operation and completely solving the problem of time and space separation between tunneling and anchoring in traditional processes.

[0021] 2. By dividing multiple anchor drilling rigs into two rows and staggering the arrangement of the two rows, the first row anchors key points during operation. After completing the initial anchoring work, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the second row of drilling rigs forward to perform anchoring work in the gaps left by the first row of drilling rigs. This batch operation method greatly improves the anchoring efficiency of the roadway and avoids the problems of long cycle time and low efficiency caused by single-drill-bit sequential operation.

[0022] 3. By setting up a cleaning mechanism, the sand and gravel that fall onto the surface of the track sliding device during drilling can be cleaned up, preventing them from affecting the normal movement of the slide rail mating seat. At the same time, the filter component can not only filter the air entering the air cylinder to prevent dust from entering the air cylinder and affecting the piston's sealing performance, but also drive the scraper to rotate when the fixed cylinder rotates to clean the dust adhering to the filter screen surface of the filter cover. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring main structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a distribution diagram of the anchor drilling rig of the present invention on the anchor drilling rig unit support; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor drilling rig support of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic thrust control device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single track sliding device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the base 301 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the drive unit and the filter assembly; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the fixed cylinder and the movable shaft; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the cleaning pipe.

[0024] Explanation of key symbols: 1. Machine body; 2. Anchor bolt drilling rig; 3. Anchor bolt drilling rig unit support; 301. Base; 302. Arched mounting platform; 303. Mounting groove; 4. Hydraulic push control device; 401. Push control hydraulic cylinder; 402. Support plate; 5. Track sliding device; 501. Slide rail; 502. Pressure plate; 503. Slide rail mating seat; 504. Rounded corner gasket; 6. Cleaning pipe; 7. Air jet hole; 8. Hinge lifting lug base; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Connecting ring; 11. Tilt arm; 12. Movable shaft; 13. Fixed cylinder; 14. Piston rod; 15. Air cylinder; 16. Air inlet pipe; 17. Filter cover; 18. Scraper; 19. Transmission gear; 20. Rotating shaft; 21. Transmission rack; 22. Fixed sleeve; 23. Cam; 24. Piston plate; 25. Limiting block; 26. Limiting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0026] Example 1: Please combine Figure 1 - Figure 6 This embodiment of a rapid anchoring equipment for TBM tunneling in coal mines includes a machine body 1, a bolt drilling rig 2, a bolt drilling rig unit support 3, a hydraulic push control device 4, and a track sliding device 5. The rapid anchoring equipment for TBM tunneling in space achieves forward movement, backward movement, and stationary movement of the bolt drilling rig 2 following the bolt drilling rig unit support 3 during tunneling by using a push control hydraulic cylinder and a sliding rail working in coordination.

[0027] An anchor drilling rig unit support 3 is mounted on the machine body 1. A track sliding device 5 is installed between the anchor drilling rig unit support 3 and the machine body 1 to allow the anchor drilling rig unit support 3 to move along the length of the machine body 1. Multiple anchor drilling rigs 2 are detachably mounted on the anchor drilling rig unit support 3. The anchor drilling rig unit support 3 includes a base 301 and two arched mounting platforms 302 symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top of the base 301. The multiple anchor drilling rigs 2 are distributed in two rows on the top surface of the two arched mounting platforms 302, and the two rows of anchor drilling rigs 2 are arranged in an alternating pattern. The projection of one row of anchor drilling rigs 2 is located on the two adjacent rows of the other row. The gap between the bolt drilling rig 2 is designed to facilitate batch operations. The machine body 1 is also equipped with a hydraulic push control device 4, which works in conjunction with the track sliding device 5 to drive the bolt drilling rig unit support 3 to move or remain stationary along the machine body's travel direction. During tunneling operations, the hydraulic push control device 4 can control the bolt drilling rig unit support 3 to remain stationary relative to the coal mine roadway, thereby creating conditions for the anchoring work of the bolt drilling rig unit 2. Therefore, it is possible to carry out anchoring operations simultaneously with TBM tunneling operations. While the TBM tunneling operations continue uninterrupted, it can move after one anchoring operation is completed and then carry out the next anchoring operation.

[0028] In this embodiment, the arched installation platform 302 is a hollow structure with multiple spaced support plates inside. The top surface of the arched installation platform 302 has an installation groove 303 tangent to its outer ring for fixing the anchor drilling rig 2. The installation groove 303 has screw holes for the anchor drilling rig 2. The motor base plate of the anchor drilling rig 2 is engaged in the installation groove 303 and fixed with bolts. This structural design ensures both the structural strength of the support and the reasonable arrangement and stable installation of the anchor drilling rig. The hydraulic push control device 4 includes a push control hydraulic cylinder 401 and a stop plate 402. The rear of the push-control hydraulic cylinder 401 is fixedly connected to the back plate 402 by bolts and nuts. The front end of the push-control hydraulic cylinder 401 is hinged to the back of the anchor drilling rig bracket 3 by a lifting lug. The back plate 402 is welded and fixed to the machine body 1. Solid panels are fixed on the opposite sides of the two arched mounting platforms 302. Two spaced hinged lifting lug bases 8 are welded on the solid panels. The lifting lug at the front end of the push-control hydraulic cylinder 401 is hinged to the two hinged lifting lug bases 8. The back plate 402 plays a role in stabilizing the push-control hydraulic cylinder 401 and ensuring the stability and reliability of the hydraulic drive.

[0029] In this embodiment, the track sliding device 5 is a track sliding device, including a slide rail 501 fixed on the body 1 along the traveling direction of the body, a plurality of pressure plates 502 fixed on the side of the slide rail 501, and a slide rail mating seat 503 provided on the top of the slide rail 501. The bottom surface of the slide rail mating seat 503 is provided with a sliding groove, which is fastened and slidably connected to the edge of the slide rail 501. A rounded corner washer 504 is installed on the top of the sliding groove, and the rounded corner washer 504 is screwed to the upper surface of the sliding groove of the slide rail mating seat 503. The rounded corner washer 504 reduces friction between the slide rail mating seat 503 and the slide rail 501, improving the smoothness of sliding. The pressure plate 502 is fixed to the machine body 1 by screws. The bottom surface of the base 301 is provided with symmetrically distributed grooves. After the slide rail mating seat 503 is engaged with the grooves, it is fixed by bolts. The two track sliding devices 5 respectively cooperate with the four grooves on the bottom surface of the base 301. When the slide rail mating seat 503 moves, the displacement is achieved through sliding cooperation with the slide rail 501.

[0030] In this embodiment, the method of using the equipment includes the following steps: S1: During the preparation stage, the hydraulic cylinder extends a certain distance under hydraulic drive, so that the front end of the anchor drilling rig support 3 is close to the front end of the slide rail, in preparation for the start of comprehensive excavation.

[0031] S2: The machine body begins to work and advances forward a certain distance as a whole. The anchor drilling rig 2 and the anchor drilling rig unit support 3 approach the area where anchoring work is required.

[0032] S3: During the process, the machine body always moves forward. The hydraulic cylinder 401 gradually retracts a certain distance under hydraulic drive, so that the anchor drilling machine 2 and the anchor drilling machine support 3 are stationary relative to the roadway. The anchor drilling machine 2 is relatively stationary in the area of ​​anchoring operation.

[0033] S4: The anchor drilling rig 2 performs anchoring operations. At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 401 is pushed and controlled to slowly retract a certain distance under hydraulic drive so that the anchor drilling rig unit remains relatively stationary with respect to the roadway.

[0034] S5: Anchoring operation completed, anchor drilling rig 2 stops operation.

[0035] S6: The hydraulic cylinder 401 extends a certain distance under hydraulic drive, so that the anchor drilling rig 2 and the anchor drilling rig support 3 reach the next anchoring operation area. At this point, the TBM tunneling and the rapid anchoring equipment can carry out anchoring operations while the tunnel is stationary. This cycle repeats, so that the anchor drilling rig 2 can carry out anchoring operations while the machine body is continuously tunneling forward.

[0036] Example 2: Combination Figure 4 and Figure 7-10This embodiment, based on embodiment 1, further improves upon the following: a cleaning mechanism for cleaning sand and gravel from the track sliding device 5 is installed on the bottom surface of the base 301. The cleaning mechanism includes two cleaning pipes 6 installed at the beginning and end of the base 301 respectively, and an air distribution assembly installed on the bottom surface of the base 301 for supplying air to the two cleaning pipes 6. A downward-facing jet nozzle 7 is provided on the side of the cleaning pipe 6 away from the base 301, with the nozzle 7 tilted at an angle of 30-45 degrees. This allows the air to be blown away from the base 301 more effectively, achieving the purpose of cleaning the sand and gravel. The air distribution assembly includes two air cylinders 15 symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the base 301 and a piston plate located within the air cylinders 15. 24 and a drive unit installed on the bottom surface of the base 301 to activate the piston plates 24 inside the two air cylinders 15 to move along the length direction of the corresponding air cylinders 15. The tail ends of the two air cylinders 15 are equipped with air outlet pipes and air inlet pipes 16. One-way valves are installed on the air outlet pipes and air inlet pipes 16. The two air outlet pipes are connected to the two cleaning pipes 6 respectively. Under the drive of the drive unit, the piston plates 24 inside the two air cylinders 15 move along the axial direction of the corresponding air cylinders 15, so that the outside air is first drawn into the air cylinders 15 through the air inlet pipes 16, and then input from the air cylinders 15 into the corresponding cleaning pipes 6. Finally, it is sprayed out from the cleaning pipes 6 to blow away the sand and gravel on the track sliding device 5, so as to avoid the sand and gravel affecting the stable movement of the slide rail mating seat 503.

[0037] The driving component includes a movable shaft 12 rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base 301 along its length, a fixed cylinder 13 with a movable tube sleeved outside one end of the movable shaft 12, an inclined arm 11 fixed to the other end of the movable shaft 12, a connecting rod 9 rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base 301 along its width, and a connecting ring 10 hinged to the bottom surface of the connecting rod 9. The middle position of the connecting rod 9 is rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base 301 via the fixed shaft. The middle position of the connecting ring 10 is rotatably connected to a connecting shaft arranged in its radial direction. The connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inclined arm 11. Both ends of the connecting rod 9 are hinged with piston rods 14. The other ends of the two piston rods 14 extend into two air cylinders 15 and are hinged to piston plates 24 inside the air cylinders 15. The inner walls of both sides of the fixed cylinder 13 are provided with limiting grooves 26 arranged in its axial direction. Two movable shafts are fixed at one end of the movable shaft 12 located inside the fixed cylinder 13. Limiting blocks 25, one end of each of the two limiting blocks 25 extends into and slides into the two limiting grooves 26. A servo motor for driving the fixed cylinder 13 to rotate is installed on the body 1. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to one end of the fixed cylinder 13 through a coupling. The setting of the limiting blocks 25 and the limiting grooves 26 allows the movable shaft 12 to move along the axial direction of the fixed cylinder 13 and rotate synchronously with the fixed cylinder 13. After the servo motor starts, it drives the fixed cylinder 13 to rotate, and the fixed cylinder 13 then drives the movable shaft 12 to rotate. After the movable shaft 12 rotates, it drives the tilting arm 11 to rotate. The tilting arm 11 then drives the connecting ring 10 to rotate on its own axis and reciprocate around the fixed shaft as the center of rotation. This drives the connecting rod 9 to reciprocate, and finally drives the two piston rods 14 to drive the two piston plates 24 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the air cylinder 15, so as to achieve the purpose of supplying air to the two cleaning pipes 6.

[0038] Example 3: Combination Figure 6 - Figure 10 This embodiment, based on Embodiments 1 and 2, further improves upon the following: Each of the two air intake pipes 16 has a filter assembly for filtering air. The filter assembly includes a filter cover 17 installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe 16, a scraper 18 that movably abuts against the outer surface of the filter screen of the filter cover 17, a rotating shaft 20 fixed at the middle position on one side of the scraper 18, and a linkage component installed on the bottom surface of the base 301 to drive the rotating shaft 20 to rotate when the fixed cylinder 13 rotates. One end of the rotating shaft 20 is rotatably connected to a fixed block, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base 301. The filter cover 17 can filter dust and impurities in the air, preventing them from entering the air cylinder 15 and affecting the sealing and movement flexibility of the piston plate 24. The linkage component drives the scraper 18 to rotate, which can promptly clean the dust adhering to the filter screen of the filter cover 17, preventing filter screen blockage and resulting in a decrease in air intake efficiency, thus ensuring the stable operation of the air distribution assembly.

[0039] The linkage includes a transmission rack 21 arranged along the width direction of action 301, a fixed sleeve 22 movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack 21, and a reset component installed between the transmission rack 21 and the fixed sleeve 22. A transmission gear 19 meshing with the transmission rack 21 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 20. A cam 23 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixed cylinder 13. A ball bearing is installed at one end of the transmission rack 21 near the fixed cylinder 13, and the ball bearing abuts against the outer ring of the cam 23. The elastic component includes a spring catch sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack 21 and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack 21. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed sleeve 22, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the spring clip. When the fixed cylinder 13 rotates, it drives the cam 23 to rotate synchronously. The cam 23 pushes the transmission rack 21 to move back and forth along the fixed sleeve 22 through the ball. The transmission rack 21 meshes with the transmission gear 19 to drive the rotating shaft 20 to rotate, thereby driving the scraper 18 to clean the filter screen. When the thrust of the cam 23 disappears, the spring in the reset component pushes the transmission rack 21 to reset, realizing the reciprocating cleaning action of the scraper 18. The structure is compact and linked with the drive component, requiring no additional power source and reducing the energy consumption of the equipment.

[0040] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid anchoring device for TBM tunneling in coal mines, comprising a fuselage, characterized in that, The machine body is equipped with an anchor drilling rig unit support, and a track sliding device is installed between the anchor drilling rig unit support and the machine body to allow the anchor drilling rig unit support to move along the length of the machine body. Multiple anchor drilling rigs are detachably installed on the anchor drilling rig unit support. The anchor drilling rig unit support includes a base and two arched mounting platforms symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top of the base. Multiple anchor drilling rigs are distributed in two rows on the top surface of the two arched mounting platforms, and the two rows of anchor drilling rigs are arranged in an alternating pattern. The projection of one row of anchor drilling rigs is located in the middle of the gap between two adjacent anchor drilling rigs in the other row. The bottom surface of the base is equipped with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning sand and gravel on the track sliding device. The cleaning mechanism includes two cleaning pipes installed at the beginning and end of the base respectively and an air distribution component installed on the bottom surface of the base for supplying air to the two cleaning pipes. The cleaning pipes have downward-facing jet holes on the side away from the base. The machine body is also equipped with a hydraulic thrust control device, which works in conjunction with the track sliding device to drive the anchor drilling rig unit support to move or remain stationary along the machine body's travel direction.

2. The rapid anchoring equipment for TBM tunneling in coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arched installation platform is a hollow structure with multiple spaced support plates inside. The top surface of the arched installation platform has an installation groove tangent to its outer ring for fixing the anchor drilling machine. The installation groove has screw holes for fixing the anchor drilling machine.

3. The rapid anchoring equipment for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic push control device includes a push control hydraulic cylinder and a back plate. The rear of the push control hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the back plate by bolts and nuts. The front end of the push control hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the back of the connecting bracket by a lifting lug. The back plate is welded and fixed to the machine body. Solid panels are fixed on the opposite sides of the two arched mounting platforms. Two spaced-apart hinged lifting lug bases are welded onto the solid panels. The lifting lug at the front end of the push control hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the two hinged lifting lug bases.

4. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The track sliding device includes a slide rail fixed to the machine body along the traveling direction, multiple pressure plates fixed to the side of the slide rail, and a slide rail mating seat located on the top of the slide rail. The bottom surface of the slide rail mating seat has a slide groove, which is engaged and slidably connected to the edge of the slide rail. A rounded corner washer is installed on the top of the slide groove to reduce the friction when the slide groove moves on the slide rail. The pressure plates are fixed to the machine body by screws.

5. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base has symmetrically distributed grooves on its bottom surface. The slide rail mating seat is fastened to the grooves and then fixed by bolts. The two track sliding devices are respectively matched with the four grooves on the bottom surface of the base.

6. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air distribution assembly includes two air cylinders symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the base, a piston plate disposed inside the air cylinders, and a driving component installed on the bottom surface of the base to drive the piston plate inside the two air cylinders to move along the length direction of the corresponding air cylinders. Each of the two air cylinders is equipped with an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe. Both the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe are equipped with a one-way valve. The two air outlet pipes are respectively connected to two cleaning pipes. Both air inlet pipes are equipped with a filter assembly for filtering air at their inlets.

7. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 6, characterized in that, The driving component includes a movable shaft rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base along its length, a fixed cylinder with a movable tube sleeved outside one end of the movable shaft, an inclined arm fixed to the other end of the movable shaft, a connecting rod rotatably connected to the bottom surface of the base along its width, and a connecting ring hinged to the bottom surface of the connecting rod. A connecting shaft arranged in its radial direction is rotatably connected to the middle position of the connecting ring. The connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the inclined arm. Both ends of the connecting rod are hinged with piston rods. The other ends of the two piston rods extend into two air cylinders and are hinged to piston plates inside the air cylinders. Limiting grooves are provided on both inner walls of the fixed cylinder along its axial direction. Two limiting blocks are fixed at one end of the movable shaft located inside the fixed cylinder. One end of each of the two limiting blocks extends into the two limiting grooves and slides with them.

8. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filter assembly includes a filter cover installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe, a scraper that movably abuts against the outer surface of the filter screen of the filter cover, a rotating shaft fixed at the middle position on one side of the scraper, and a linkage component installed on the bottom surface of the base for driving the rotating shaft to rotate when the fixed cylinder rotates. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a fixing block, and the fixing block is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base.

9. A rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to claim 8, characterized in that, The linkage includes a transmission rack arranged along the width of the movement, a fixed sleeve movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack, and a reset component installed between the transmission rack and the fixed sleeve. A transmission gear meshing with the transmission rack is sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft. A cam is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixed sleeve. A ball is installed on one end of the transmission rack near the fixed sleeve, and the ball abuts against the outer ring of the cam. The elastic component includes a spring retainer sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission rack. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed sleeve, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the spring retainer.

10. A method for using a rapid anchoring device for simultaneous tunneling of a coal mine TBM according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The equipment also includes the following steps: S1: In the preparation stage, the hydraulic push control device drives the connecting bracket to move the anchor drilling rig unit to the initial position, so that the connecting bracket is close to the front end of the track sliding device. S2: The machine starts and tunnels forward, bringing the connecting support and the anchor drilling rig unit closer to the anchoring operation area; S3: The machine body continues to advance, and the hydraulic push control device drives the connecting support in the reverse direction, so that the anchor drilling rig unit remains stationary relative to the roadway and is aligned with the anchoring operation area. S4: The anchor drilling rig is started to carry out anchoring operations. During the operation, the hydraulic push control device continuously fine-tunes the position of the connecting support to maintain the anchor drilling rig and the roadway in a relatively static state. S5: Once a single anchoring operation is completed, the anchor drilling rig unit stops operating; S6: The hydraulic push control device drives the connecting bracket to move the anchor drilling rig to the next anchoring operation area, repeating steps S1-S6 to achieve simultaneous TBM tunneling and anchoring operations.

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