Plane three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation

Abstract

The invention discloses a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation, and belongs to the technical field of electric pulse driving and ignition and detonation. The plug is provided with a pin hole, and a pin is fixedly connected in the pin hole. The contact pins comprise a trigger contact pin, a cathode contact pin and an anode contact pin; the planar three-electrode switch is arranged on the upper surface of the plug; the planar three-electrode switch comprises a trigger electrode, a cathode and an anode; the insulating ring is arranged on the upper surface of the planar three-electrode switch; the powder ring is arranged on the upper surface of the insulating ring, and an ignition powder column is arranged in the powder ring; and the tube shell is embedded at the periphery of the base. By utilizing the phenomenon that a planar three-electrode switch is easy to ablate during conduction, the ignition of electric explosion plasmas is realized, the complex structure and action process of a slapper ignition tube are avoided, meanwhile, the safety requirement of 500V non-ignition is met, and in addition, the ignition device has the advantages of easiness in batch production, low price and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric pulse drive and ignition and detonation technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation. Background Technology

[0002] The impact-plate ignition tube is an in-line pyrotechnic device that achieves impact ignition based on a metal electro-explosion-driven flying plate. Due to its high safety and reliability, it has become a key component in the field of solid rocket motor ignition. In in-line ignition systems, the high-voltage switch is the crucial element driving the impact-plate ignition tube. As in-line ignition systems develop towards lower cost and miniaturization, traditional cold cathode trigger tubes, due to their complex structure and high cost, can no longer meet the relevant technical requirements. Therefore, planar switch technology has become the mainstream research direction for high-voltage switches. Within the planar switch technology route, planar three-electrode switches have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as large conduction current, fast response speed, simple structure, low cost, and ease of mass production. For example, Chinese patent CN109341430A uses MEMS technology to fabricate a planar three-electrode switch, achieving mass production and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0003] Existing planar three-electrode switches exhibit significant electrode ablation in practical applications, resulting in a short lifespan and limiting their application in inline ignition systems. This invention directly utilizes this ablation phenomenon, achieving ignition through electro-explosive plasma at the electrode tip. This avoids the use of impact-plate ignition tubes, greatly simplifying the inline ignition system and reducing costs. Furthermore, considering the possibility of surface discharge on the propellant charge, an insulating ring is placed between the planar three-electrode switch and the propellant charge to improve ignition safety and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0005] To achieve these and other advantages according to the invention, the present invention provides a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation, comprising: The base has a plug fitted inside; The plug is provided with pin holes, and each pin is fixedly connected to a pin; the pins include a trigger pin, a cathode pin, and an anode pin; A planar three-electrode switch is disposed on the upper surface of the plug; the planar three-electrode switch includes a trigger electrode, a cathode, and an anode, the anode being provided with a head protrusion; the trigger pin is connected to the trigger electrode, the cathode pin is connected to the cathode, and the anode pin is connected to the anode; An insulating ring is disposed on the upper surface of the planar three-electrode switch; A propellant ring is disposed on the upper surface of the insulating ring, and an ignition propellant column is disposed in the propellant ring; The tube shell is fitted around the base.

[0006] Preferably, the material of the stopper includes one of Al2O3 ceramic, quartz glass, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0007] Preferably, the pin is one of Cu pin, Al pin, or pin with a metal film coating on its surface; the metal film includes one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni.

[0008] Preferably, the upper end face of the plug is flush with the upper end face of the pin.

[0009] Preferably, the planar three-electrode switch is prepared on the upper surface of the plug by one of electroplating, magnetron sputtering, or thermal evaporation; the material of the planar three-electrode switch is one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni; the thickness of the planar three-electrode switch is 2μm to 5μm; the gap between the anode and cathode is 0.6mm to 1.6mm; and the gap between the trigger electrode and the anode and cathode is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

[0010] Preferably, the anode and cathode of the planar three-electrode switch are semi-circular structures, the anode and cathode are arranged opposite to each other, and the head of the anode protrudes towards the cathode; the trigger electrode is provided with an elongated protrusion that extends between the anode and cathode.

[0011] Preferably, the insulating ring is made of one of ceramics, polyimide, epoxy resin, or polymethyl methacrylate.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the propellant ring is in close contact with the outer wall of the ignition propellant column, and the material of the propellant ring is one of stainless steel, Al, Cu, polysulfone, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0013] Preferably, the ignition charge is one of B / KNO3, Al / PTFE, Mg / PTFE, Mg-Al / nitrocellulose, or Mg-Al / black powder.

[0014] Preferably, the base and the plug are fixed by threaded connection or adhesive bonding, and the tube shell is fixed by threaded connection or welding to the base; The upper outer surface of the tube shell is provided with a cross-shaped groove.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention utilizes the phenomenon that a planar three-electrode switch is prone to ablation when it is turned on to realize the ignition of electro-explosive plasma, avoids the use of impact plate ignition tubes, and meets the safety requirement of 500V non-ignition. In addition, it has the advantages of easy mass production and low price.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 An exploded view of a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation; Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation. Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a planar three-electrode switch for an igniter based on electrode ablation; Figure 5 This is a top view of the upper part of the casing of a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation.

[0018] The corresponding numbers for each structure in the figure are: pin 1, trigger pin 11, cathode pin 12, anode pin 13, base 2, plug 3, planar three-electrode switch 4, trigger electrode 41, anode 42, cathode 43, head protrusion 44, insulating ring 5, propellant ring 6, ignition propellant 7, tube shell 8, cross groove 81. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0020] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof. like Figures 1-5 As shown, a planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation includes: The base 2 has a plug 3 fitted inside it; The plug 3 is provided with 3 pin holes, and a pin 1 is fixedly connected in each pin hole; the pin 1 includes a trigger pin 11, a cathode pin 12 and an anode pin 13; A planar three-electrode switch 4 is disposed on the upper surface of the plug 3; the planar three-electrode switch 4 includes a trigger electrode 41, an anode 42 and a cathode 43, the trigger pin 11 is connected to the trigger electrode 41, the cathode pin 12 is connected to the cathode 43, and the anode pin 13 is connected to the anode 42; An insulating ring 5 is disposed on the upper surface of the planar three-electrode switch 4; A propellant ring 6 is disposed on the upper surface of the insulating ring 5, and an ignition propellant column 7 is disposed in the propellant ring 6; The tube shell 8 is fitted around the base 2.

[0021] Working principle: After the pin 1 is inserted into the pin hole, the pin 1 and the plug 3 are sintered into a whole, and the plug 3 and the pin 1 are installed in the base 2. A capacitor is connected between the anode 42 and the cathode 43 of the planar three-electrode switch 4, and the capacitor is charged. By applying a trigger pulse signal to the trigger electrode 41, the planar three-electrode switch 4 is turned on. Under the action of the pulsed high current, the head protrusion 44 of the anode 42 of the planar three-electrode switch 4 undergoes an electrical explosion, forming a high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The special structure of the head protrusion 44 of the anode 42 can guide the direction of plasma jet, improving the utilization rate of ignition energy and ignition reliability. This plasma is quickly transferred to the surface of the ignition charge 7 through the insulating ring 5. Under the combined action of the shock wave and the plasma, the ignition charge 7 is ignited. The shell 8 and the base 2 serve as constraint components, containing all the above components to form a planar three-electrode switch igniter. The shell 8 can fit into the base 2, which can perfectly enclose all the components. The lower end of the plug 3 is flush with the lower end of the base 2, so that the plug 3 can be contained in the base 2.

[0022] In the above technical solution, the stopper is made of one of the following materials: Al2O3 ceramic, quartz glass, or polymethyl methacrylate. Among these, the Al2O3 ceramic stopper serves as a supporting material, possessing high hardness, good insulation, and low cost.

[0023] In the above technical solution, the pin is one of Cu pin, Al pin, or pin with a metal film on its surface; the metal film includes one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni. Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni are all conductors with good conductivity, which is beneficial for the large current discharge required by the planar three-electrode switch igniter.

[0024] In the above technical solution, the upper end face of the plug is flush with the upper end face of the pin. The fact that the upper end face of the plug 3 is flush with the upper end face of the pin 1 allows the pin to effectively contact the planar three-electrode switch 4, so as to realize the connection of the circuit.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the planar three-electrode switch is prepared on the upper surface of the plug by one of electroplating, magnetron sputtering, or thermal evaporation; the material of the planar three-electrode switch is one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni, and the thickness of the planar three-electrode switch is 2μm~5μm; the gap between the anode and cathode is 0.6mm~1.6mm, and the gap between the trigger electrode and the anode and cathode is 0.1mm~0.5mm. Electrode materials such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni can undergo electro-explosion at relatively low ignition energy, and electro-explosion is easily achieved when the electrode thickness is 2μm~5μm.

[0026] In the above technical solution, the anode and cathode of the planar three-electrode switch are semi-circular structures, the anode and cathode are arranged opposite to each other, the anode is provided with a head protrusion, and the head protrusion of the anode faces the cathode; the trigger electrode is provided with a long strip protrusion, and the long strip protrusion of the trigger electrode extends into the space between the anode and the cathode.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the insulating ring material is selected from one of ceramics, polyimide, epoxy resin, and polymethyl methacrylate. Ceramics, polyimide, and epoxy resin possess excellent properties such as strong insulation, high temperature resistance, good resistance to high-voltage breakdown, and low cost. Stainless steel has characteristics such as high hardness, high strength, and ease of processing.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the inner wall of the propellant ring is in close contact with the outer wall of the ignition propellant column, and the material of the propellant ring is one of stainless steel, Al, Cu, polysulfone, and polymethyl methacrylate.

[0029] In the above technical solution, the ignition charge is one of B / KNO3, Al / PTFE, Mg / PTFE, Mg-Al / nitrocellulose, or Mg-Al / black powder.

[0030] In the above technical solution, the base and the plug are fixed by threaded connection or glue bonding, and the tube shell and the base are fixed by threaded connection or welding. The upper outer surface of the casing 8 is provided with a cross groove 81. When the internal pressure reaches a preset threshold, the cross groove 81 on the top of the casing 8 is broken first, forming a venting channel to ensure the axial output of ignition energy.

[0031] Example 1 Au-plated Cu is used as the pin 1, which serves as the conductor for transmitting high-current pulses. Pin 1 has a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 10 mm. Anode pin 13 serves as the current inlet electrode, cathode pin 12 serves as the current outlet electrode, and trigger pin 11 receives the high-voltage pulse trigger signal. Al₂O₃ ceramic is used as the plug 3, with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 4 mm, and is sintered integrally with pin 1. The copper film of the planar three-electrode switch 4 is fabricated on the plug 3 using magnetron sputtering. The gap between the planar three-electrode switches 4 forms the discharge region, with a gap of 0.9 mm between anode 42 and cathode 43. The gap between the trigger electrode 41 and the anode 42 and cathode 43 is 0.12 mm. The thickness of the anode 42, cathode 43 and trigger electrode 41 is 3 μm. The anode 42, cathode 43 and trigger electrode 41 are in contact with the pin 1, and the anode 42, cathode 43 and pin 1 form a discharge circuit. The head protrusion 44 of the anode 42 undergoes an electrical explosion under the action of a pulsed high current to form plasma. The special structure of the head protrusion 44 can guide the directional injection of plasma, improving the utilization rate of ignition energy and ignition reliability. The thickness is 0.1 mm, the inner diameter is 0.35 mm, and the outer diameter is 0.1 mm. An insulating ring 5 made of polyimide with a diameter of 0.45mm is placed on the planar three-electrode switch 4; the ignition charge 7 is made of B / KNO3 ignition charge; a stainless steel ring 6 contains the ignition charge 7 and serves as a constraint component to improve the axial ignition output power; a stainless steel shell 8 and a stainless steel base 2 contain all the above components. When the internal pressure of the planar three-electrode switch igniter reaches a preset threshold, the cross groove 81 on the top of the shell 8 is first broken, forming a venting channel to ensure the axial output of ignition energy.

[0032] Studies have shown that when a high-voltage capacitor with a capacitance of 0.4μF is connected between the anode pin 13 and the cathode pin 12, and the trigger voltage is 1400V, the B / KNO3 ignition powder can be ignited.

[0033] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation, characterized in that, include: The base has a plug fitted inside; The plug is provided with pin holes, and each pin is fixedly connected to a pin; the pins include a trigger pin, a cathode pin, and an anode pin; A planar three-electrode switch is disposed on the upper surface of the plug; the planar three-electrode switch includes a trigger electrode, a cathode, and an anode, the anode being provided with a head protrusion; the trigger pin is connected to the trigger electrode, the cathode pin is connected to the cathode, and the anode pin is connected to the anode; An insulating ring is disposed on the upper surface of the planar three-electrode switch; A propellant ring is disposed on the upper surface of the insulating ring, and an ignition propellant column is disposed in the propellant ring; The tube shell is fitted around the base.

2. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plug is made of one of the following materials: Al2O3 ceramic, quartz glass, or polymethyl methacrylate.

3. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pin is one of Cu pin, Al pin, or pin with a metal film coating on its surface; the metal film includes one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Ni.

4. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the plug is flush with the upper surface of the pin.

5. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planar three-electrode switch is prepared on the upper surface of the plug by one of electroplating, magnetron sputtering, or thermal evaporation; the material of the planar three-electrode switch is one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, or Ni; the thickness of the planar three-electrode switch is 2μm to 5μm; the gap between the anode and cathode is 0.6mm to 1.6mm; and the gap between the trigger electrode and the anode and cathode is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.

6. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode and cathode of the planar three-electrode switch are semi-circular structures, and the anode and cathode are arranged opposite to each other, with the head of the anode protruding towards the cathode; the trigger electrode is provided with a long strip protrusion, and the long strip protrusion of the trigger electrode extends between the anode and the cathode.

7. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating ring is made of one of the following materials: ceramic, polyimide, epoxy resin, or polymethyl methacrylate.

8. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the propellant ring is in close contact with the outer wall of the ignition propellant column, and the material of the propellant ring is one of stainless steel, Al, Cu, polysulfone, and polymethyl methacrylate.

9. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ignition charge is one of B / KNO3, Al / PTFE, Mg / PTFE, Mg-Al / nitrocellulose, or Mg-Al / black powder.

10. The planar three-electrode switch igniter based on electrode ablation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base and the plug are fixed by threaded connection or glue bonding, and the tube shell is fixed by threaded connection or welding to the base; The upper outer surface of the tube shell is provided with a cross-shaped groove.

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