Pantograph net pressure sensor installed on pantograph head of spring type pantograph of on-orbit alternating current bus

Abstract

The pantograph net pressure sensor comprises an upper frame and a lower frame, the left end of the upper frame and the left end of the lower frame are connected with a main spring, the right end of the lower frame is provided with a guide rail, the right end of the upper frame is provided with a sliding rod, the sliding rod is inserted into the guide rail, and the lower end of the sliding rod penetrates through the guide rail and then is fixedly provided with a component C; the middle of the lower frame is clamped and fixed by a component B and a component A. The lower end of the component A is bent rightwards to the position below a component C and is fixedly provided with a bow net pressure sensor, a force guiding spring assembly is arranged between a pressure diaphragm of the bow net pressure sensor and the component C, and the force guiding spring assembly comprises a spring guide rod sleeve, a force guiding spring and a spring guide rod seat which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. On the basis that the structure of the spring type pantograph head is not changed, after the pantograph net pressure sensor is additionally arranged, the pantograph net pressure sensor can be used for detecting the pantograph net pressure between the spring type pantograph head and a contact network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the pantograph head of rail transit vehicles, and more particularly to a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type pantograph in rail transit electric passenger vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the urbanization rate has been continuously increasing, and the flow of population to cities has led to a surge in urban population, resulting in a continuous increase in urban traffic pressure. Compared with other modes of urban transportation, urban rail transit is the most efficient among public transportation modes and is one of the best ways to solve urban travel problems. This is because the biggest advantage of rail transit is its large capacity, approximately seven to ten times that of cars and buses, providing convenience to residents. Secondly, subways operate at high speeds, reaching speeds of up to 100 km / h, saving considerable time. Therefore, rail transit has become a major mode of transportation for people, and densely populated travel poses a serious challenge to the operational safety of subways.

[0003] When electric trains are running, the vibration of the pantograph and the overhead contact line causes the pressure between them to vary randomly, resulting in inconsistent pressure and making them prone to mechanical and electrical damage. In addition, although urban rail transit mileage is getting longer, lines are becoming more numerous, and train frequency is increasing, making it more convenient for people to travel, the number of rail transit maintenance personnel is decreasing, and the age structure is getting older, leading to a decline in the timeliness of operation and maintenance of the relationship between the pantograph and the overhead contact line.

[0004] Therefore, it is essential to have an effective, safe, and intelligent system for real-time monitoring of the relationship between the pantograph and the overhead contact line.

[0005] Currently, the main technologies for measuring the pressure between the pantograph and the overhead contact line include electrical sensor technology, visual imaging measurement technology, and fiber optic grating sensing technology. Their respective drawbacks are as follows:

[0006] Electrical sensor technology is an active contact measurement technology with a certain degree of accuracy, but it requires a lot of insulation protection measures, resulting in a very large overall system weight. Not only does it require modification of the original mechanical structure of the pantograph head, but it also requires a sunken roof design to accommodate the insulation protection equipment. Therefore, it is mainly used on inspection vehicles and cannot be installed on electric buses for real-time pressure measurement.

[0007] Visual imaging measurement technology is a non-contact measurement method. It utilizes images captured by various types of industrial cameras fixed to the roof of vehicles, and then applies the principles of 3D visual imaging to model the non-mechanical relationship between the pantograph and the overhead contact line. Although this technology is widely used in subway trains and inspection vehicles, its computational complexity leads to output lag. Furthermore, the system's lighting is susceptible to interference from ambient light along the track and changes in image background due to seasonal environmental variations. Therefore, the algorithm presents certain technical challenges. Most importantly, visual imaging measurement technology cannot be used for any mechanical measurements between the pantograph and the overhead contact line, such as pressure.

[0008] Fiber Bragg grating sensing technology: Although this technology is also a passive sensing technology, it is resistant to electromagnetic interference and can be used in environments such as electrostatic dust, flammable and explosive materials, and extreme temperatures. However, as a pantograph pressure sensor, it has a large package size, heavy weight, narrow range, is easily broken, and its non-pluggable structure, i.e., the housing has a tail cable, makes it very complicated in engineering installation and application, and is not suitable for widespread industrial installation.

[0009] Therefore, in order to avoid affecting the normal working relationship between the pantograph and the catenary during the operation of electric trains, it is urgent to install a passive detection type pantograph-catenary pressure sensor with a smaller size, lighter weight, and larger measuring range on the contact point of the pantograph without changing the pantograph structure on the electric trains that are currently in operation, so as to monitor the mechanical relationship such as pressure between the pantograph and the catenary in real time.

[0010] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0012] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0013] A pantograph pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a rail transit electric passenger vehicle includes an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 3. The left end of the upper frame 1 is connected to the left end of the lower frame 3 with a main spring 2. The right end of the lower frame 3 is provided with a guide rail 7. The right end of the upper frame 1 is provided with a sliding rod. The sliding rod is inserted into the guide rail 7, and the lower end of the sliding rod passes through the guide rail 7 and is fixed with a component C6.

[0014] The lower frame 3 is clamped and fixed in the middle by component B 5 and component A 4. The lower end of component A 4 is bent to the right to the lower part of component C 6 and is provided with pressure detection point 9. A catenary pressure sensor 33 is fixed at pressure detection point 9. A force guiding spring assembly is provided between the pressure diaphragm 32 of the catenary pressure sensor 33 and component C 6.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of the spring-type pantograph provided by the present invention can be used to detect the pantograph-catenary pressure between the pantograph head and the contact wire without changing the structure of the spring-type pantograph head. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a structural assembly diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 These are schematic diagrams taken from different angles according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a tension spring as the main spring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a bent leaf spring as the main spring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a straight leaf spring as the main spring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the assembled pantograph-catenary pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] 1. Upper shelf, 2. Main spring, 3. Lower shelf, 4. Component A, 5. Component B, 6. Component C, 7. Guide rail, 8. Force spring, 9. Pressure detection point, 10. Adjusting screw B, 11. Adjusting screw A, 12. Connecting screw, 13. Weight reduction port, 14. Mounting base, 15. Fixing screw, 16. Lower shelf fixing hole, 17. Guide rod sleeve, 18. Locking spring hole, 19. Locking spring screw, 20. Force spring, 21. Dustproof ring, 22. Rubber pad, 23. Screw, 24. Locking spring nut, 25. Spring guide rod sleeve, 26. Locking spring claw, 27. Dustproof plate, 28. Force fixing seat, 29. Spring guide rod seat, 30. Optical cable, 31. Industrial optical plug, 32. Pressure diaphragm, 33. Pantograph pressure sensor, 34. Tension spring, 35. Bending leaf spring, 36. Pivot point, 37. Straight leaf spring;

[0027] 41. Housing; 42. Core sealing ring; 43. Core sealing groove; 44. Core protruding thread; 45. Optical collimator plug; 46. Fiber optic patch cord; 47. Pressure core; 48. Housing sealing ring; 49. Sealing plate; 50. Lower mounting hole; 51. Sealing plate through hole; 52. Sealing plate screw; 53. Optical plug; 54. Boss; 55. Recess; 56. Sealing gasket; 57. Optical flange; 58. Flange screw; 59. Self-locking ring; 60. Core mounting screw hole; 61. Upper mounting hole; 62. Flange screw hole; 63. Flange through hole; 64. Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them, and do not constitute a limitation on the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] First, the following explanations are provided for the terms that may be used in this article:

[0030] The terms “including,” “contains,” “comprising,” “having,” or other similar semantic descriptions shall be interpreted as non-exclusive inclusion.

[0031] The term "composed of" excludes any technical features not expressly listed. When used in a claim, it closes the claim to exclude all technical features other than those expressly listed, except for associated conventional impurities. If the term appears only in a clause of a claim, it limits the claim to the elements expressly listed in that clause; elements recited in other clauses are not excluded from the overall claim.

[0032] The terms “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “up,” “down,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” and “counterclockwise” indicate the current orientation or positional relationship, and are only for the convenience and simplification of description, and do not explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this document.

[0033] The technical solution provided by this invention will be described in detail below. Contents not described in detail in the embodiments of this invention are prior art known to those skilled in the art. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments of this invention, they shall be performed according to conventional conditions in the art or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Reagents or instruments used in the embodiments of this invention whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a pantograph pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a rail transit electric passenger vehicle includes an upper frame 1 and a lower frame 3. The left end of the upper frame 1 is connected to the left end of the lower frame 3 with a main spring 2. The right end of the lower frame 3 is provided with a guide rail 7. The right end of the upper frame 1 is provided with a sliding rod. The sliding rod is inserted into the guide rail 7, and the lower end of the sliding rod passes through the guide rail 7 and is fixed with a component C6.

[0035] The lower frame 3 is clamped and fixed in the middle by component B 5 and component A 4. The lower end of component A 4 is bent to the right to the lower part of component C 6 and is provided with pressure detection point 9. A catenary pressure sensor 33 is fixed at pressure detection point 9. A force guiding spring assembly is provided between the pressure diaphragm 32 of the catenary pressure sensor 33 and component C 6.

[0036] The force-guiding spring assembly includes, from top to bottom, a spring guide rod sleeve 25, a force-guiding spring 20, and a spring guide rod seat 29.

[0037] The spring guide rod sleeve 25 is installed in the guide rod sleeve opening 17 of component C6, and the upper end of the guide spring 20 is fixed in the spring locking hole 18 of the spring guide rod sleeve 25 by the locking claw 26 and the locking screw 19.

[0038] The spring guide rod seat 29 is installed in the housing of the pantograph pressure sensor 33 via the force guide fixing seat 28 to form a piston structure, and a dustproof plate 27 is provided in the moving part. The lower end of the spring guide rod seat 29 is fixed with a rubber pad 22 by a screw 23 and is provided with a dustproof ring 21. The rubber pad 22 is in contact with the pressure diaphragm 32 of the pantograph pressure sensor 33, and the lower end of the force guide spring 20 is sleeved on the upper end of the spring guide rod seat 29.

[0039] The pantograph pressure sensor 33 includes a housing 41. The top plate of the housing 41 is provided with a core mounting screw 60. The pressure core 47 is installed into the core mounting screw 60 from inside the housing and is provided with a core sealing ring 42. The bottom of the housing 41 is provided with a sealing plate 49 and a housing sealing ring 48.

[0040] A boss 54 is provided on one side of the housing 41, and a recess 55 is provided in the boss 54. An optical flange 57 is installed in the recess 55 and a sealing gasket 56 is provided. An industrial optical plug 31 is installed in the optical flange 57, and an optical cable 30 is led out through the industrial optical plug 31.

[0041] The lower part of the pressure core 47 is equipped with an optical collimation plug 45, which is connected to an optical plug 53 via an optical fiber patch cord 46. The optical plug 53 is connected to an industrial optical plug 31 and an optical cable 30 in sequence via an optical flange 57.

[0042] The lower end of component A4 is provided with a mounting base 14, and the bottom of the housing of the pantograph pressure sensor 33 is fixed on the mounting base 14.

[0043] The main spring 2 is a compression spring, a tension spring 34, a bent leaf spring 35, or a straight leaf spring 37.

[0044] In summary, the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a rail transit electric passenger vehicle according to the embodiments of the present invention can be used to detect the pantograph-catenary pressure between the pantograph head and the contact wire without changing the structure of the pantograph head.

[0045] Because the entire pantograph is energized when drawing power, the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor used is a passive sensor. This means it doesn't use electrical signals for detection; instead, it transmits detection and feedback signals along optical fibers. Therefore, its optical signals are unaffected by electromagnetic interference, current, or voltage. Since the entire sensor's detection end is unenergized, it can be directly mounted to the pantograph head using appropriate fixtures.

[0046] Without altering the structure of the spring-type pantograph, the installation of the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor can be achieved simply by using the existing mounting holes on the pantograph for fixation.

[0047] To more clearly demonstrate the technical solution and its effects provided by the present invention, the following describes in detail the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar, as provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown:

[0050] Figure 1 The working mechanism of the spring-type pantograph head is demonstrated, as well as the basic model of how to install a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor on the spring-type pantograph head to detect the pantograph-catenary pressure.

[0051] Working mechanism of spring-type pantograph heads

[0052] The upper frame, lower frame, and main spring together form the basic model of a spring-type pantograph. The main spring is located between the upper and lower frames, and... Figure 1 In the middle, the vertical plate on the right side of the upper shelf is embedded in or passes through the guide rail on the right side of the lower shelf. That is, under this working mechanism, the upper shelf is subjected to a certain vertical force (this force is perpendicular to the upper surface of the upper shelf). At the same time, while the main spring is compressed, the upper frame right vertical plate can only make simple piston movements within the guide rail of the lower frame right vertical plate.

[0053] When the shelf is under stress, the distance between the upper and lower shelves. It will change, and its change in quantity and force The value and the spring constant of the main spring And the number of main springs between the upper and lower frames. Related.

[0054] When subjected to force, the displacement of the lower end of the upper vertical plate is related to the change in distance between the upper and lower frames. equal.

[0055] If a pantograph head has N such upper and lower frame structures connected in parallel, and if all the spring constants of the main springs are equal, then there is pantograph-catenary pressure. The formula is as follows:

[0056] (1)

[0057] A basic model for detecting pantograph-catenary pressure by adding a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor to the pantograph head of a spring-type pantograph.

[0058] The components involved are ABC and a force-guiding spring. Component A is placed below the lower frame, and component B is placed above the lower frame. After components A and B are aligned with each other, they can be fixed to the lower frame sandwiched in the middle using a bolt-nut mechanism (it should be noted that the thickness of component B should be shorter than the thickness of the main spring when it is compressed to coil, so as not to interfere with the displacement of the upper frame). Component C is fixed to the lower end of the vertical plate of the upper frame, and is directly opposite the end of the horizontal plate of component A.

[0059] At this point, the pantograph pressure can be detected simply by adding a force-guiding spring between the ends of the cross plate sections of component C and component A, and by installing a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor at the pressure detection point.

[0060] When subjected to force, the compression of the guide spring is equal to the displacement of the lower end of the upper frame vertical plate, that is, the change in distance between the upper and lower frames. equal.

[0061] Since the guiding spring and the main spring form a parallel spring system, formula (1) can be changed to:

[0062] (2)

[0063] It should be noted from formula (2) that, in order not to affect the function of the pantograph main spring, the elastic coefficient of the guide spring should be... It is much smaller than the spring constant of the main spring.

[0064] Regarding the detection method of the passive pantograph-catenary pressure sensor for detecting pressure points

[0065] In general, passive optical sensors use the shift in wavelength to characterize the change in force.

[0066] Therefore, the force value detected at the pressure point. for,

[0067] ... (4)

[0068] in, The sensitivity coefficient of the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor, expressed in N / nm; The wavelength shift of the pantograph pressure sensor is measured in nm as the pantograph head moves from "zero contact" to making contact with the contact wire.

[0069] Combining formulas (2) and (4), the formula for expressing pantograph-catenary pressure using the wavelength offset of the passive pantograph-catenary pressure sensor is as follows:

[0070] ... (6)

[0071] The formulas (2), (4) and (6) mentioned above are examples of linear relationships used in the implementation. When specifically calibrating, the relationships can be expressed using polynomials depending on the actual situation.

[0072] Detailed explanation / examples of specific implementation

[0073] Here, the design of the passive pantograph-catenary pressure sensor, its corresponding force-conducting components, and passive sensor accessories—specifically, the structure for detecting pantograph-catenary pressure—is illustrated below, demonstrating how the pantograph-catenary pressure is transmitted to the passive pantograph-catenary pressure sensor.

[0074] Component A: Reference Schematic Diagram Figure 1 Located on the lower surface of the lower frame, it mates with component B to tightly clamp the lower frame, forming a single unit with it. It should be noted that the lower frame is generally a relatively stationary component of the pantograph head structure.

[0075] Adjusting screw A serves two purposes: first, to align component B on the upper surface of the upper frame; and second, to hold component A in place on the lower surface of the lower frame, preventing it from sliding laterally.

[0076] Weight reduction port: In order to reduce the weight of parts A and B, that is, to reduce the load on the bow head.

[0077] Mounting bracket: Located at the bottom of component A, used to support and mount the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor.

[0078] Fixing screws: used to securely fasten the pantograph pressure sensor to the mounting base of component A.

[0079] Component B: Reference Schematic Diagram Figure 1 It is located on the upper surface of the lower frame and can cooperate with component A to make the AB assembly tightly clamp the lower frame and form an integral part with the lower frame.

[0080] Adjusting screw B serves two purposes: first, to align component A on the lower surface of the lower frame; and second, to hold component B in place on the upper surface of the lower frame, preventing it from sliding laterally.

[0081] Connecting bolts: They pass through components A and B via path ②, making components A and B, as well as the lower frame sandwiched between components A and B, tightly and firmly integrated to provide a relatively immovable support base for the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0082] Pantograph-catenary pressure sensor: It can be installed on the upper surface of the mounting base of component A by fixing screws, and senses the pressure between the contact wire and the pantograph through a force-guiding spring.

[0083] Pressure diaphragm: Used to sense the pressure of the pantograph and catenary system transmitted by the force-guided spring.

[0084] Industrial optical plugs have two main functions: first, they can be connected to pantograph pressure sensors to transmit detection and feedback optical signals via optical fiber; second, they can prevent small-radius bends in the optical fiber, thus avoiding signal weakening or fiber breakage.

[0085] Optical fiber cable: used to transmit optical signals for probe light and feedback light.

[0086] Spring guide rod seat: It is fitted inside the dustproof plate and the guide spring is tightly fitted at the lower end of the guide spring. It cooperates with the spring guide rod sleeve on the upper plate to make a unidirectional piston movement, and prevents the guide spring from being ejected and escaping when compressed and released.

[0087] Dustproof ring: Firstly, it prevents dust from entering the pressure diaphragm surface of the pantograph pressure sensor; secondly, it provides a certain degree of damping to prevent measurement deviations caused by uneven force on the pressure diaphragm surface of the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0088] Rubber pad: Located on the bottom surface of the spring guide rod seat, its center is aligned with the center screw hole on the bottom surface of the spring guide rod seat and is placed on the pressure diaphragm surface of the pantograph pressure sensor. The rubber pad is fixed to the bottom surface of the spring guide rod seat by screws. Its function is to provide a certain buffer and prevent the contact wire from impacting and scratching the pressure diaphragm surface of the pantograph pressure sensor when it gradually comes into contact with the pantograph head.

[0089] Screws: Used to secure the rubber pad, ensuring a tight fit between the pad and the bottom surface of the spring guide rod seat.

[0090] Force guide fixing seat: First, it is fixed with screws to form an integral part with the pantograph pressure sensor; second, it restricts the spring guide rod seat to only perform piston movement.

[0091] Dustproof plate: Firstly, it is used to prevent dust from adhering to the pressure diaphragm of the pantograph pressure sensor; secondly, it is used to prevent the spring guide rod seat from escaping.

[0092] Force guiding spring: A spring system connected in parallel with the main spring, used to transmit the pressure between the pantograph and the contact wire to the pantograph-contact wire pressure sensor.

[0093] Spring guide sleeve: It is integrated with component C. Its functions are twofold: first, to hold the top of the guide spring; and second, to generate the same displacement in the vertical direction as the main spring.

[0094] Spring locking claw: Used to tightly clamp the top of the force guide spring inside the spring guide rod sleeve to prevent the spring from jumping out after compression and rebound.

[0095] Locking screw: Used in conjunction with locking nut to lock the locking claw, thus effectively clamping the force-guiding spring.

[0096] Locking spring hole: used for locking the spring screw after it passes through the spring guide sleeve, and then locking the spring nut with the locking spring nut.

[0097] Locking nut: Used in conjunction with locking screw to lock the locking pawl, thus effectively clamping the force-guiding spring.

[0098] Component C: Reference Principle Diagram Figure 1 It is located at the lower end of the vertical plate of the upper frame and is integrated with the upper frame through a bolt-nut locking mechanism. It should be noted that the upper frame is generally the component where the pantograph head directly bears the contact wire and generates pantograph-contact wire pressure, and it is also the component where the pantograph head will be displaced.

[0099] Guide rod sleeve: This allows the spring guide rod sleeve to be easily fitted into the guide rod sleeve and then secured to component C using a screw-nut mechanism, making the spring guide rod sleeve and component C a single unit.

[0100] Lower frame fixing hole: Fixing hole for bolt-nut locking mechanism used to fix it to component C.

[0101] Figure 3 Showing Figure 2 The shape of the assembled components; Figure 4-6 It shows the assembled form from different angles.

[0102] Possible alternatives to this invention:

[0103] The force guiding mechanism in this case can be replaced by a miniature hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a micro-cylinder.

[0104] Replace the micro-optomechanical sensor in this case with an electrical measurement sensor or / and a fiber optic grating sensor or / and a MEMS fiber optic sensor.

[0105] The pantograph pressure sensor is installed using a spring series connection system (this patent uses a spring parallel connection system to install the pantograph pressure sensor).

[0106] This design is suitable for models where the main spring between the upper and lower shelves is not a compression spring; it can be a tension spring, a bent leaf spring, or a straight leaf spring. Its specific schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown.

[0107] refer to Figure 10 and 11 This is a pantograph-catenary pressure sensor, also known as a pantograph-catenary contact force sensor. The functions of its various components are described below:

[0108] Housing: Used to protect the internal pressure core, optical fiber jumpers, and other optical structures of the pantograph pressure sensor, and to prevent sewage and dust from contaminating the internal components.

[0109] Core mounting screw: The pressure core is screwed out of the housing from inside the housing through the core mounting screw, and is used to install and fix the pressure core. (See path ⑤)

[0110] Boss: Used to expand the internal space of the housing, making it easier to install optical plugs.

[0111] Recess: Used for embedding optical flanges.

[0112] Flange bolt holes: These mate with flange bolts and are used to secure the optical flange.

[0113] Upper mounting hole: Used for mounting pantograph-catenary pressure sensors. (This upper mounting hole can be used in conjunction with the lower mounting hole, or alone.)

[0114] Pressure core: The upper part is a pressure diaphragm; inside it is a passive optical pressure chip; the lower part is an optical collimation socket ( Figure 10 (Not shown).

[0115] Core sealing groove: used for embedding and installing the core sealing ring.

[0116] Core sealing ring: can be embedded in the core sealing groove to prevent sewage and dust from entering the housing from the pressure core of the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0117] Core thread: This can be used to screw the pressure core into the core mounting thread and out of the housing. (Refer to path ⑤)

[0118] Housing sealing ring: can be embedded in the housing sealing groove (if the housing sealing groove is not in the housing sealing groove). Figure 10 (Marked) This is used to prevent sewage and dust from entering the housing from the sealing plate of the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0119] Sealing plate: A housing used to block and seal the pantograph-catenary pressure sensor.

[0120] Through hole in the sealing plate: allows the sealing plate screws to be inserted.

[0121] Lower mounting hole: Used for mounting pantograph-catenary pressure sensors. (This lower mounting hole can be used in conjunction with the upper mounting hole, or used alone.)

[0122] Sealing plate screws: After passing through the sealing plate through hole, screw them into the sealing plate screw hole at the bottom of the housing (the sealing plate screw hole is not in the...). Figure 10 (Inner marking), fixed sealing plate.

[0123] Fiber optic patch cord: Located inside the housing, one end is a fiber optic collimator plug, and the other end is an optical plug. It is used to connect the optical pressure chip inside the pressure core to the industrial optical plug outside the housing.

[0124] Optical collimator connector: Used for signal coupling between optical fiber and optical pressure chip; types include C-lens, G-lens, and fiber optic ferrules. (See path ③ for reference)

[0125] Optical plug: Used for optical signal coupling between the plug and an external industrial optical plug. (See path ④ for reference)

[0126] Optical flange: Used to ensure that the optical plug inside the housing and the industrial optical plug outside the housing always maintain the same optical axis when the optical signal is coupled.

[0127] Sealing gasket: can be embedded in a recess on the outside of the housing to prevent sewage and dust from entering the housing from the optical flange of the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0128] Flange through hole: allows flange bolts to be inserted.

[0129] Flange bolts: These mate with the flange bolt holes and are used to secure the optical flange.

[0130] Sealing ring: can be fitted onto the optical flange to prevent sewage and dust from entering the housing from the industrial optical plug of the pantograph pressure sensor.

[0131] Self-locking ring: Used to lock the industrial optical plug onto the optical flange of the pantograph pressure sensor housing, preventing the industrial optical plug from coming loose.

[0132] Industrial optical plug: Used for optical signal coupling between the plug and the housing.

[0133] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims. The information disclosed in the background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background technology of the present invention and should not be construed as an admission or implication in any way that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric passenger vehicle, comprising an upper frame (1) and a lower frame (3), characterized in that, The left end of the upper frame (1) is connected to the left end of the lower frame (3) by a main spring (2). The right end of the lower frame (3) is provided with a guide rail (7). The right end of the upper frame (1) is provided with a sliding rod. The sliding rod is inserted into the guide rail (7), and the lower end of the sliding rod passes through the guide rail (7) and is fixed with a component C (6). The lower frame (3) is clamped and fixed in the middle by component B (5) and component A (4). The lower end of component A (4) is bent to the right to the lower part of component C (6) and is provided with a pressure detection point (9). A catenary pressure sensor (33) is fixed at the pressure detection point (9). A force guiding spring assembly is provided between the pressure diaphragm (32) of the catenary pressure sensor (33) and component C (6).

2. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force-guiding spring assembly includes, from top to bottom, a spring guide rod sleeve (25), a force-guiding spring (20), and a spring guide rod seat (29).

3. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spring guide sleeve (25) is installed in the guide sleeve opening (17) of component C (6), and the upper end of the guide spring (20) is fixed in the spring locking hole (18) of the spring guide sleeve (25) by the spring locking claw (26) and the spring locking screw (19).

4. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric rail transit vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spring guide rod seat (29) is installed in the housing of the pantograph pressure sensor (33) through the force guide fixing seat (28) and forms a piston structure. A dustproof plate (27) is provided in the moving part. The lower end of the spring guide rod seat (29) is fixed with a rubber pad (22) by a screw 23 and is provided with a dustproof ring (21). The rubber pad (22) is in contact with the pressure diaphragm (32) of the pantograph pressure sensor (33). The lower end of the force guide spring (20) is sleeved on the upper end of the spring guide rod seat (29).

5. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pantograph pressure sensor (33) includes a housing (41), the top plate of the housing (41) is provided with a core mounting screw hole (60), the pressure core (47) is installed from the inside of the housing into the core mounting screw hole (60) and is provided with a core sealing ring (42), and the bottom of the housing (41) is provided with a sealing plate (49) and a housing sealing ring (48). The housing (41) has a boss (54) on one side and a recess (55) inside the boss (54). An optical flange (57) is installed inside the recess (55) and a sealing gasket (56) is provided. An industrial optical plug (31) is installed on the optical flange (57) and an optical cable (30) is led out through the industrial optical plug (31). The lower part of the pressure core (47) is equipped with an optical collimation plug (45), which is connected to the optical plug (53) via an optical fiber patch cord (46). The optical plug (53) is connected to the industrial optical plug (31) and the optical cable (30) in sequence via the optical flange (57).

6. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of component A (4) is provided with a mounting base (14), and the bottom of the housing of the pantograph pressure sensor (33) is fixed on the mounting base (14).

7. The pantograph-catenary pressure sensor installed on the pantograph head of a spring-type electric railcar according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The main spring (2) is a compression spring or a tension spring (34) or a bent leaf spring (35) or a straight leaf spring (37).

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