Optical power compensation system

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical power compensation system, which comprises a laser generation module used for generating control light; the power adjusting module is used for receiving a power adjusting instruction of the control unit and adjusting the output light power of the control light according to the power adjusting instruction; the transmission optical fiber is used for transmitting the adjusted control light; the polarization selection module is used for separating the control light and forming the control light in a target polarization state, so that the control light in the target polarization state enters the trapping ions; the fluorescence detection module is used for collecting fluorescence signals generated by the trapped ions under the irradiation of the control light and processing the fluorescence signals; and the control unit is electrically connected with the fluorescence detection module and the power regulation module, and is used for determining the output light power of the control light according to the fluorescence signal, and generating a power regulation instruction to the power regulation module when the output light power is out of a preset power range. By means of the structure, closed-loop stability of trapped ion optical power density is achieved, and the accuracy of door control is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of optical power compensation, and more particularly to an optical power compensation system. Background Technology

[0002] The stability of laser parameters sensed by ions, such as pointing, power, polarization, and phase, is directly related to the stability of the quantum computing gate manipulation in the ion trap. However, after the laser passes through an optical fiber, the temperature and mechanical properties of the fiber affect these laser parameters.

[0003] Traditional optical power compensation typically involves adding a beam splitter with a fixed ratio before ion irradiation for detection and feedback. However, using a beam splitter results in power loss, introduces polarization impurities, and fails to detect shifts in the light direction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an optical power compensation system that uses the fluorescence of trapped ions as a feedback signal and combines it with a polarization selection module to convert polarization drift into a compensable power change. This achieves closed-loop stabilization of the effective optical power density experienced by trapped ions, avoids splitting loss and polarization degradation, and suppresses the influence of optical pointing drift, significantly improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of gate control.

[0005] This invention provides an optical power compensation system, comprising: Laser generation module, used to generate control light; The power adjustment module is used to receive power adjustment commands from the control unit and adjust the output light power of the control light according to the power adjustment commands; Transmission optical fiber, used to transmit the regulated control light; The polarization selection module is used to separate the control light and form control light of the target polarization state, so that the control light of the target polarization state is incident on the trapped ion to drive the quantum gate operation process in the main computing process; The fluorescence detection module is used to collect the fluorescence signal generated by trapped ions under manipulator light irradiation and to process the fluorescence signal. The control unit is electrically connected to the fluorescence detection module and the power adjustment module respectively. It is used to determine the output light power of the control light based on the fluorescence signal, and generate a power adjustment command to the power adjustment module when the output light power is outside the preset power range.

[0006] Optionally, the control unit is configured to switch the running state of the main calculation process to a paused state after a preset time following the execution of the main calculation process, and to trigger a compensation process during the paused state.

[0007] Optionally, the compensation process includes calculating the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions and performing power compensation on the manipulator light based on the Rabi frequency.

[0008] Optionally, the compensation process may also include initializing the trapped ions.

[0009] Optionally, the system also includes an auxiliary laser module; the auxiliary laser module is electrically connected to the control unit; The control unit is also used to control the auxiliary laser module to initialize the trapped ions so that the trapped ions are in an initial quantum state. Initialization includes cooling and state preparation.

[0010] Optional cooling methods include Doppler cooling, EIT cooling, or sideband cooling.

[0011] Optionally, the control unit is also used to trigger a verification process after the compensation process is completed.

[0012] Optionally, the verification process includes sequentially applying multiple preset test quantum gate pulses to the manipulation light, and recording multiple secondary detection results output by the fluorescence detection module after each application; based on each secondary detection result, counting the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state to determine the measured flip probability of the target quantum state; based on the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the test quantum gate pulse, determining whether the deviation between the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability is within a preset deviation range; if so, the verification ends.

[0013] Optionally, the secondary detection result is configured to be recorded as the first detection state when the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal, and as the second detection state when the fluorescence detection module does not detect a fluorescence signal; wherein, the trapped ion corresponding to the first detection state is in an excited state, and the trapped ion corresponding to the second detection state is in an initial quantum state; the target quantum state is the first detection state.

[0014] Optionally, the polarization selection module includes at least one of a polarization beam splitter, a Glan-Taylor prism, and a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.

[0015] Optionally, the power regulation module includes at least one of an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, and a programmable optical attenuator.

[0016] Optionally, the fluorescence detection module includes at least one of a photomultiplier tube and an avalanche photodiode.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention uses a laser generation module to output control light for driving quantum transitions of trapped ions. The control light is transmitted to a transmission optical fiber through a power adjustment module, and the polarization state of the control light output from the output end of the transmission optical fiber drifts over time. After the polarization-shifted control light is transmitted to the polarization selection module, it is separated to form control light with the target polarization state, which is then incident on the trapped ions. Under the action of this light field, the trapped ions scatter a large number of fluorescent photons. The fluorescence detection module collects the fluorescence signal emitted by the trapped ions under the illumination of the control light, converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal, and transmits it to the control unit. The control unit analyzes the received fluorescence signal and determines the output optical power of the control light based on the fluorescence signal inversion. When it is determined that the output optical power of the control light is outside the preset power range, the control unit generates a power adjustment command and sends it to the power adjustment module to compensate for the output optical power of the control light and offset the power fluctuations caused by the polarization drift of the transmission fiber. After receiving the power adjustment command from the control unit, the power adjustment module dynamically adjusts the output optical power of the control light, thereby changing the fluorescence signal generated by the adjusted control light after it is incident on the trapped ions. The power adjustment continues until the output power is determined to be within the preset power range, at which point the power adjustment command is stopped from being sent to the power adjustment module. This closed-loop regulation feedback achieves stable control of the optical power received by the trapped ions. By using the above structure and taking the fluorescence of the trapped ions as a feedback signal, combined with the polarization selection module to convert polarization drift into a compensable power change, closed-loop stabilization of the effective light power density received by the trapped ions is achieved, avoiding spectral loss and polarization degradation, while suppressing the influence of light direction drift, and significantly improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of gate control.

[0018] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical power compensation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an optical power compensation method proposed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3A flowchart of another optical power compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a Rabi oscillation curve formed by fitting discrete data of a trapped ion undergoing a quantum state reversal with time, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0023] In one embodiment, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an optical power compensation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where polarization drift generated during the transmission of control light using optical fiber is converted into power drift, so as to actively compensate for the output optical power of the control light based on the power drift, thereby improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of gate control. Figure 1As shown, the optical power compensation system includes: a laser generation module 1 for generating control light; a power adjustment module 2 for receiving power adjustment commands from the control unit 7 and adjusting the output power of the control light according to the power adjustment commands; a transmission fiber 3 for transmitting the adjusted control light; a polarization selection module 4 for separating the control light and forming control light of a target polarization state, so that the control light of the target polarization state is incident on the trapped ion 5 to drive the quantum gate operation process in the main computation process; a fluorescence detection module 6 for collecting the fluorescence signal generated by the trapped ion 5 under the illumination of the control light and processing the fluorescence signal; and a control unit 7, which is electrically connected to the fluorescence detection module 6 and the power adjustment module 2 respectively, for determining the output power of the control light according to the fluorescence signal, and generating a power adjustment command to the power adjustment module 2 when the output power is outside the preset power range.

[0024] In this embodiment, the laser generation module 1 refers to a laser source that outputs a specific wavelength, linewidth, and frequency stability, and whose output beam serves as the manipulator light to drive the quantum transition of trapped ions 5. In this embodiment, the laser generation module 1 may include, but is not limited to, an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) or a fiber laser.

[0025] The power adjustment module 2 refers to an electro-optic or acousto-optic device that can dynamically adjust the power of transmitted or diffracted light according to external electrical signals. It is used to receive output commands from the control unit 7 and adjust the output intensity of the control light in real time to achieve closed-loop compensation. In this embodiment, the power adjustment module 2 may include, but is not limited to, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), an electro-optic modulator (EOM), or a programmable optical attenuator (VOA).

[0026] Transmission fiber 3 refers to a single-mode fiber, used to transmit the regulated control light from the power adjustment module 2 to the optical interface of the polarization selection module 4, enabling flexible optical path layout. However, it should be noted that the configuration of transmission fiber 3 can introduce random polarization state drift due to environmental disturbances, becoming a major source of system instability.

[0027] The polarization selection module 4 is an optical element capable of separating a specific linearly polarized component from the incident manipulator light. Its function is to allow only polarized light matching the direction of the transition dipole moment of the trapped ion 5 to pass through and illuminate the trapped ion 5. In this embodiment, the polarization selection module 4 may include, but is not limited to, a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a Glan-Taylor prism, or a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. The main computation process refers to the system executing the complete temporal operations contained in the user-defined quantum algorithm, including a series of quantum logic gates (such as single-qubit rotation gates and two-qubit entanglement gates), intermediate measurements, feedback control, and final readout steps.

[0028] The fluorescence detection module 6 refers to a detection unit including a high-sensitivity photodetector (such as a PMT or APD) and a signal conditioning circuit, used to collect the fluorescence signal emitted by the trapped ions 5 under the illumination of manipulating light of the target polarization state, and convert the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal characterizing the quantum state of the ions. In this embodiment, the fluorescence detection module 6 includes at least one of a photomultiplier tube and an avalanche photodiode.

[0029] Trapped ions (5) refer to single or multiple atomic ions (e.g., ions that are stably bound to an ion trap chip by an electromagnetic field) 40 Ca + , 171 Yb + As a carrier of qubits, its internal energy level structure is highly sensitive to the manipulation of light intensity, polarization, and frequency.

[0030] Control unit 6 refers to an electronic control system (such as an FPGA or embedded processor) with data acquisition, processing and command output capabilities; its function is to generate a power adjustment command when the effective light power density of the ions is deviated from the preset range based on the signal inversion of fluorescence detection module 6, and drive power adjustment module 2 to complete closed-loop compensation.

[0031] Specifically, the laser generation module 1 outputs a continuous laser (i.e., the control light) with a wavelength precisely matched to the ion transition frequency. After initial modulation by the power adjustment module 2, the output control light is transmitted to the input end of the transmission fiber 3. Although the transmission fiber 3 only supports propagation in one spatial mode, the fiber core inevitably exhibits slight ellipticity or stress asymmetry during manufacturing, forming a linear birefringence axis. When ambient temperature changes, mechanical vibration occurs, or the fiber bends, the direction and intensity of this birefringence axis randomly change, causing the polarization state of the input control light to evolve unpredictably during transmission. Therefore, even if the polarization and power of the input control light are completely stable, the polarization state of the control light output from the transmission fiber 3 will still drift over time. The polarization-drifted control light is transmitted to the polarization selection module 4, which separates the polarization-drifted control light, forming two intersecting beams. One beam exhibits the target polarization state (i.e., a high-purity polarization state) and is incident on the trapped ions 5. The other beam is discarded (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (The control light is transmitted upwards from the optical fiber 3). Trapped ion 5 undergoes stimulated transitions under the influence of this light field, and scatters a large number of fluorescent photons during the cyclic transition process. Since the polarization state of the control light output from the transmission fiber 3 will drift randomly, the power of the target polarized light acting on the trapped ion 5 separated by the polarization selection module 4 will fluctuate accordingly. This fluctuation directly affects the magnitude of the light field intensity experienced by the trapped ion 5, and is thus reflected in the scattered fluorescence signal.

[0032] To this end, the fluorescence detection module 6 collects the fluorescence signal emitted by the trapped ions 5 under the illumination of the manipulator light, converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal, and transmits it to the control unit 7. The control unit 7 analyzes the received fluorescence signal and determines the output optical power of the manipulator light based on the fluorescence signal inversion. When it is determined that the output optical power of the manipulator light is outside the preset power range, the control unit 7 generates a power adjustment command and sends it to the power adjustment module 2 to compensate for the output optical power of the manipulator light and offset the power fluctuations caused by the polarization drift of the transmission fiber 3. After receiving the power adjustment command sent by the control unit 7, the power adjustment module 2 dynamically adjusts the output optical power of the manipulator light according to the power adjustment command, so that the fluorescence signal generated by the adjusted manipulator light after it is incident on the trapped ions 5 changes. This cycle continues, and the control unit 7 continuously determines the output optical power of the manipulator light until the output power is within the preset power range, at which point it stops sending the power adjustment command to the power adjustment module 2. Through closed-loop regulation feedback, stable control of the optical power received by the trapped ions 5 is achieved. In this way, without the need to introduce additional lossy components such as beam splitters, high-precision and adaptive stabilization of the effective light field at the ion can be achieved, significantly improving the reliability and accuracy of long-term quantum computing.

[0033] Furthermore, when the polarization selection module 4 separates the manipulator light of the target polarization state, the system drives the quantum gate operation process in the main computation. Specifically, in ion trap quantum computing, the realization of quantum logic gates depends on the precise interaction between the laser field and the internal energy levels of the trapped ion 5. The strength (e.g., Rabi frequency) and selectivity (e.g., whether a transition is allowed) of this interaction strongly depend on the orientation of the polarization direction of the manipulator light relative to the ion transition dipole moment. Only when the manipulator light has a specific target polarization state (e.g., linear polarization along the ion trap axis) can the required quantum transition be effectively driven and high-accuracy single-qubit or double-qubit gate operations be achieved. If the polarization direction deviates, it will not only reduce the coupling efficiency but may also excite non-target transitions, introducing crosstalk and errors. Therefore, the target polarization state manipulator light output by the polarization selection module 4 is the physical basis for ensuring that the quantum gate executes accurately in the preset manner, and its polarization purity and stability directly determine the accuracy and reliability of the quantum logic gate in the main computation process.

[0034] During the main computation process, the power adjustment module 2 maintains the parameters set after the last compensation, and the control light stably irradiates the trapped ion 5 after passing through the transmission fiber 3 and the polarization selection module 4. The trapped ion 5 is subjected to a series of quantum gate pulses (such as X, H, CNOT, etc.) according to the predetermined algorithm requirements, driving high-accuracy quantum operations. This process is a continuous, open-loop operation mode, without Rabi frequency measurement or parameter updates, and the total duration can reach several hours to several days, which is the main execution period of the quantum computing task.

[0035] The technical solution of this invention uses a laser generation module to output control light for driving quantum transitions of trapped ions. The control light is transmitted to a transmission optical fiber through a power adjustment module, and the polarization state of the control light output from the output end of the transmission optical fiber drifts over time. After the polarization-shifted control light is transmitted to the polarization selection module, it is separated to form control light with the target polarization state, which is then incident on the trapped ions. Under the action of this light field, the trapped ions scatter a large number of fluorescent photons. The fluorescence detection module collects the fluorescence signal emitted by the trapped ions under the illumination of the control light, converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal, and transmits it to the control unit. The control unit analyzes the received fluorescence signal and determines the output optical power of the control light based on the fluorescence signal inversion. When it is determined that the output optical power of the control light is outside the preset power range, the control unit generates a power adjustment command and sends it to the power adjustment module to compensate for the output optical power of the control light and offset the power fluctuations caused by the polarization drift of the transmission fiber. After receiving the power adjustment command from the control unit, the power adjustment module dynamically adjusts the output optical power of the control light, thereby changing the fluorescence signal generated by the adjusted control light after it is incident on the trapped ions. The power adjustment continues until the output power is determined to be within the preset power range, at which point the power adjustment command is stopped from being sent to the power adjustment module. This closed-loop regulation feedback achieves stable control of the optical power received by the trapped ions. By using the above structure and taking the fluorescence of the trapped ions as a feedback signal, combined with the polarization selection module to convert polarization drift into a compensable power change, closed-loop stabilization of the effective light power density received by the trapped ions is achieved, avoiding spectral loss and polarization degradation, while suppressing the influence of light direction drift, and significantly improving the accuracy and computational efficiency of gate control.

[0036] In another specific embodiment, the main computation process typically lasts a long time, such as hours or days for quantum computing, and the compensation process usually takes tens of days or even longer. During data processing, data fitting failures are inevitable, which can cause the compensated data to deviate significantly from the accurate value, thus introducing serious errors into subsequent calculations. To address this, this embodiment proposes an optical power compensation method. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an optical power compensation method proposed in an embodiment of the present invention, referred to... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S110. Determine the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the manipulation light incident on them.

[0037] The Rabi frequency is a physical quantity characterizing the coupling strength between the control light and ions. It is proportional to the effective electric field amplitude and directly determines the quantum gate operation speed (such as the π pulse time). It is a core indicator reflecting the effective power of the control light. The control light is generated after being output by the power adjustment module, transmitted through the transmission fiber, and separated by the polarization beam splitter module.

[0038] Specifically, after the polarization selection module separates the manipulator light of the target polarization state, this manipulator light is incident on the trapped ion, and the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion is determined based on this manipulator light. In this embodiment, the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion can be determined through various feedback mechanisms based on quantum state detection. Specifically, the Rabi frequency can be determined by, but is not limited to, using the manipulator light to drive the trapped ion to undergo stimulated transitions between specific energy levels, and combining fluorescence detection to obtain the statistical distribution of the ion's final quantum state, extracting phase accumulation information through interferometric measurement sequences, or exciting the ion with trial pulses of different intensities or durations and observing its response change trend. The specific method can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here. Regardless of the specific scheme adopted, the core principle is to transform the Rabi frequency, a physical quantity characterizing the light-ion coupling strength, into an observable measurement that can be indirectly observed through fluorescence signals.

[0039] S120. Perform power compensation on the control light according to the Rabi frequency.

[0040] Specifically, after determining the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions, power compensation is performed on the control light based on the determined Rabi frequency to offset the effective light intensity attenuation caused by polarization drift of the transmission fiber, thus restoring the light field experienced by the ions to the designed level. In this embodiment, the method for power compensation of the control light based on the Rabi frequency may include, but is not limited to, directly adjusting the output power of the laser generation module; or dynamically changing the transmission or diffraction efficiency in the optical path through an electro-optic modulator (such as an acousto-optic or electro-optic modulator); or adjusting the light intensity-related parameters (such as pulse duration, waveform envelope, etc.) in subsequent quantum gate operations to equivalently compensate for the optical power deviation; in addition, the power can be predicted and pre-adjusted based on historical drift data in conjunction with a model, which can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0041] S130. Verify the compensated control light based on the door control.

[0042] The verification process refers to applying a quantum gate with known theoretical behavior (such as a π / 2 pulse) and verifying through statistical measurement results whether the current power compensation for manipulating light has achieved the expected effect.

[0043] Specifically, after the manipulating light is compensated, the compensation result needs to be verified to determine whether the output power of the manipulating light after compensation is within the preset power range. In this embodiment, the gate-based verification method can be based on various quantum manipulation sequences with known behaviors. For example, a standard single-bit gate that should theoretically produce a deterministic state-flipping probability can be applied, and the actual results can be statistically analyzed through repeated measurements; or a multi-pulse sequence containing coherent superposition and interference can be executed to detect whether its output distribution meets the theoretical expectation; the overall gate performance can also be evaluated using an accuracy-sensitive reference circuit (such as a subsequence in a random benchmark test); or the degree of stability improvement can be determined by comparing the repeatability of the same operation before and after compensation. The specific method can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0044] The technical solution of this invention determines the Rabi frequency of a trapped ion based on the manipulator light incident on it. The manipulator light is generated by a power adjustment module, transmitted through a transmission fiber, and separated by a polarization beam splitter. Power compensation is performed on the manipulator light based on the Rabi frequency. The compensated manipulator light is then verified using gate control. This method uses the trapped ion itself as an in-situ sensing probe to directly sense the effective intensity of the manipulator light it receives (i.e., the Rabi frequency), and verifies the compensation effect of the manipulator light through gate control. This eliminates the indirect feedback method relying on external beam splitters and photodetectors, avoiding the problems of power loss, mode interference, and insensitivity to key factors such as polarization purity and manipulator light direction. It significantly improves the stability of the manipulator light and the accuracy of quantum gate operations in long-term quantum computing, while also supporting fully automatic operation, greatly improving system efficiency and reliability.

[0045] In another specific embodiment, optionally, Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another optical power compensation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a Rabi oscillation curve formed by fitting discrete data of quantum state reversal of trapped ions with time, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment refines the specific implementation of S110 in the above embodiment, which determines the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the manipulation light incident on them, as follows: By performing multi-point Rabi scans on the pulse width of the manipulating light, the probability of quantum state reversal of trapped ions under different incident durations was determined. Based on the probability of the trapped ion developing a quantum state, a Rabi oscillation curve is fitted, and the Rabi half-cycle of the trapped ion is determined based on the Rabi oscillation curve. The Rabi frequency of the trapped ion is determined based on the Rabi half-cycle.

[0046] Furthermore, before determining the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the manipulation light incident on them in step S110, the following step is added: It is determined that the trapped ion is in the initial quantum state.

[0047] Furthermore, the specific implementation method for power compensation of the control light based on the Rabi frequency in S120 is refined as follows: The compensation coefficient of the control light is determined based on the preset correspondence between the Rabi frequency and the output optical power of the control light. Based on the compensation coefficient, update the power control parameters in the quantum gate that affect the controllable light.

[0048] Furthermore, before performing power compensation on the control light according to the Rabi frequency in S120, the following steps are added: Ensure that the rabi frequency is within the preset threshold range.

[0049] Furthermore, the specific implementation method for verifying the compensated control light based on gate control in S130 is detailed as follows: Determine that the trapped ion is in its initial quantum state; By sequentially applying multiple preset test quantum gate pulses to the manipulation light, and recording multiple secondary detection results output by the fluorescence detection module after each application; Based on the results of each secondary detection, the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state is counted to determine the measured flip probability of the target quantum state; Based on the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the test quantum gate pulse, determine whether the deviation between the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability is within the preset deviation range; if so, the verification ends. If not, continue to determine the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion based on the manipulator light incident on the trapped ion until the deviation is within the preset deviation range.

[0050] Furthermore, before determining the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the manipulation light incident on them in step S110, the following step is added: The main computation process of quantum gates is performed on the trapped ions according to the preset quantum algorithm; In addition to determining the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the manipulation light incident on them in step S110, the following steps were also added: The main computation process is currently in a paused state.

[0051] For details not covered in this embodiment, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0052] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the method includes: S201. Perform the main computation process of quantum gates on the trapped ions according to the preset quantum algorithm.

[0053] Among them, the preset quantum algorithm refers to a complete quantum computing task defined by the user or loaded by the system, such as Shor's algorithm, VQE variational algorithm or quantum simulation program, which may include a series of ordered quantum logic gates (single-qubit rotation, two-qubit entanglement gate, etc.) and measurement operations.

[0054] Specifically, after the polarization selection module separates the manipulator light of the target polarization state, the control unit performs the main quantum gate calculation process on the trapped ions. That is, it sequentially applies manipulator light pulses to the trapped ions according to a preset quantum circuit to achieve various quantum gate operations, and performs intermediate or final state measurements when necessary. During this time, the power adjustment module maintains the parameters set after the previous compensation round, and the optical path operates in an open-loop state without any feedback adjustment. This process emphasizes continuity and stability, typically lasting from several minutes to several days. Its accuracy is highly dependent on whether the effective power density of the manipulator light at the trapped ions remains constant over a long period.

[0055] S202. While the main computation process is in a paused state, the state of the trapped ion is determined to be in the initial quantum state.

[0056] This step can be further broken down into: cooling the trapped ion; and preparing the state of the cooled trapped ion so that the trapped ion is in the initial quantum state.

[0057] The initial quantum state usually refers to the ground state of an ion. The initial reference state is denoted as , which has definite energy and transition characteristics. A paused state refers to a temporary interruption of the main computation process, with system resources being used for calibration or compensation tasks. The original main computation process is restored upon completion.

[0058] Specifically, since the optical power compensation and the main computation process are run sequentially—meaning they cannot run simultaneously—the main computation process needs to be paused before compensating the trapped ions. In this embodiment, the compensation process can be paused after the main computation process has run for a preset duration; that is, the main computation process is paused before compensation is prepared. Before the compensation process, the trapped ions need to be pre-set, i.e., their state is determined to be in an initial quantum state (i.e., initialization). In other words, to ensure the accuracy of the Rabi frequency measurement during the subsequent compensation process, the trapped ions must be reset to a known, pure initial quantum state. Therefore, after the main computation process is paused, the control unit first performs an initialization operation, causing the trapped ions to escape from any possible superposition or excited state and return to a unified initial quantum state.

[0059] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the initialization of the trapped ion includes cooling and state preparation. First, the trapped ion needs to be cooled. Cooling methods can include, but are not limited to, Doppler cooling, EIT cooling, or sideband cooling, depending on the specific circumstances and are not limited here. During cooling, the momentum exchange between the laser and the trapped ion lowers its motion temperature, bringing it to a low energy level close to its vibrational ground state. The entire cooling process lasts approximately 1-2 ms. Subsequently, optical pumping (i.e., applying a light field of specific frequency and polarization) efficiently pumps the internal population of the trapped ion to the target energy level (such as a clock state or ground state), thus completing state preparation. This initialization process ensures that subsequent Rabi frequency measurements or gate manipulation verifications start from the same initial state, which is a prerequisite for achieving high-precision, repeatable quantum operations.

[0060] Optionally, the system also includes an auxiliary laser module; the auxiliary laser module is electrically connected to the control unit; the control unit is also used to control the auxiliary laser module to initialize the trapped ions, so that the trapped ions are in an initial quantum state. The auxiliary laser module refers to an additional laser system independent of the main control optical path, specifically used for ion initialization and state control. It typically includes a cooling laser and an optical pump laser, whose wavelengths, polarizations, and frequencies are matched to the cooling transitions and state preparation transitions of the ions, respectively. Its core function is to efficiently cool and reset the quantum state of the trapped ions before the compensation or verification process begins, ensuring that they are in a defined initial quantum state (such as the ground state). This provides a consistent and clean starting condition for subsequent high-precision Rabi frequency measurements or gate control verification.

[0061] Specifically, in ion trap systems, trapped ions may be in thermally excited states or unknown internal states due to environmental thermal disturbances or preceding operations. Direct quantum manipulation would introduce significant errors. The auxiliary laser module reduces the motion temperature of the trapped ions through Doppler cooling or sideband cooling mechanisms and uses optical pumping technology to pump the internal state population to the target energy level, thus completing the initialization. This process is uniformly scheduled by the control unit and automatically triggered after the main calculation process is paused, ensuring that each compensation or verification starts from the same initial quantum state. Because the auxiliary laser and the main control light are decoupled in wavelength and function, mutual interference can be avoided, while improving initialization efficiency and fidelity. This is a key supporting link for achieving high repeatability and high precision closed-loop compensation.

[0062] S203. Perform multi-point Rabi scans on the pulse width of the manipulation light to determine the probability of quantum state reversal of trapped ions under different incident durations.

[0063] The pulse width refers to the duration of a single manipulator light irradiation of the trapped ion, directly affecting the quantum state rotation angle, where the quantum state rotation angle θ = Ω × t. The quantum state flip probability refers to the probability that the trapped ion will change from its initial quantum state... Transition to the target quantum state The probability of this is a direct manifestation of Rabi oscillation.

[0064] Specifically, when determining the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions, since the light to be compensated is the manipulator light, the Rabi frequency is determined by scanning. Specifically, the control unit systematically changes the pulse width of the manipulator light (e.g., from 0 to several microseconds, taking multiple points), repeatedly performing the "initialization-irradiation-probe" process on the trapped ions at each pulse width, and recording the probability of quantum state flipping of the trapped ions at each incident duration after each iteration. This allows for the statistical analysis of the frequency of the trapped ions flipping to the target quantum state |1>, obtaining a set of discrete quantum state flipping probability data. Essentially, this process samples the ion's response to the light field in the time domain, forming the original dataset of Rabi oscillations. The Rabi scanning process lasts from 1µs to 100µs, and the state detection process lasts from 1ms to 5ms. Since the flipping probability varies sinusoidally with the pulse width, multi-point scanning can fully realize this oscillation behavior, providing a basis for subsequent fitting.

[0065] S204. Based on the probability of the trapped ion developing a quantum state, fit the Rabi oscillation curve and determine the Rabi half-cycle of the trapped ion based on the Rabi oscillation curve.

[0066] The Rabi oscillation curve is a theoretical or experimental curve describing the change in quantum state flip probability with the duration of manipulation light. The Rabi half-cycle refers to half the time required for the flip probability to rise from 0 to 1 and then back to 0, which is the time required to complete one full π rotation.

[0067] Specifically, after determining the probability of quantum state reversal in trapped ions under different incident durations, the optimal Rabi oscillation curve and its Rabi oscillation function can be obtained by mathematically fitting the discrete probability data (e.g., using least squares). This Rabi oscillation function allows for precise extraction of the oscillation period, thus determining the Rabi half-cycle, which is the time point corresponding to the first maximum value (100% reversal) of the reversal probability. This Rabi half-cycle directly reflects the current coupling strength between the manipulating light and the trapped ions and is a key intermediate quantity for calculating the Rabi frequency. (Reference) Figure 4 The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents probability. The blue cross points represent the probability of quantum state reversal of discrete trapped ions under different time durations. The red curve is the Rabi oscillation curve obtained by fitting each discrete probability. According to this Rabi oscillation curve, the Rabi half-cycle time Tπ is 10.6158us.

[0068] S205. Determine the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions based on the Rabi half-cycle.

[0069] The Rabi frequency Ω is a physical quantity that characterizes the rate of light-driven trapped quantum transitions, and its unit is Hz or kHz.

[0070] Specifically, after obtaining the Rabi half-cycle from the Rabi oscillation curve, the Rabi frequency of the current trapped ion can be directly obtained from the Rabi half-cycle. This Rabi frequency accurately reflects the effective optical field intensity acting on the trapped ion after transmission through the optical fiber and dispersion by the polarization selection module. It is a core indicator for measuring whether the system deviates from the design conditions and is also a direct input for subsequent compensation calculations. (Reference) Figure 4 After determining the Rabi half-cycle to be 10.6158 μs, the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion can be obtained by calculating the reciprocal of the Rabi half-cycle, i.e., Ω = 1 × 10⁻⁶. 3 / 10.6158=94.2kHz.

[0071] S206. Determine that the rabi frequency is within the preset threshold range.

[0072] Optionally, the preset threshold range is 70kHz-120kHz.

[0073] The preset threshold range refers to the reasonable fluctuation range of the Rabi frequency allowed by the system, which is used to exclude invalid data caused by abnormal measurements (such as loss of trapped ions, detection failure, etc.).

[0074] Specifically, before calculating the Rabi coefficient using the Rabi frequency, it is necessary to ensure that the calculated Rabi frequency data is usable and that the Rabi frequency is within a preset threshold range. In this embodiment, the preset threshold range is 70kHz-120kHz, meaning that the calculated Rabi frequency needs to be within this range. If the measured Rabi frequency is too low (e.g., close to 0) or too high (exceeding physical possibilities), it may indicate a malfunction during the measurement process (e.g., cooling failure, sudden drop in fluorescence collection efficiency, etc.). In this case, the process of initializing the trapped ions and calculating the Rabi frequency is restarted. If the measured Rabi frequency is within the preset threshold range, it indicates that the Rabi frequency is valid data and can be used for subsequent calculations. The process of determining whether the calculated Rabi frequency is within the preset threshold range can be automatically identified by the control unit through an internal preset program or algorithm. Abnormal data can also be automatically discarded to avoid invalid compensation based on erroneous information and improve system robustness.

[0075] S207. Determine the compensation coefficient of the control light based on the preset correspondence between the Rabi frequency and the output optical power of the control light.

[0076] The preset correspondence refers to the physical model between the Rabi frequency and the effective optical power, typically expressed as Ω∝P, meaning the Rabi frequency is proportional to the square root of the output optical power. The compensation coefficient is a scaling factor used to correct the current optical intensity deviation (i.e., optical power deviation).

[0077] Specifically, after confirming the effectiveness of the Rabi frequency, the control unit determines the compensation coefficient 'a' of the control light based on the preset correspondence between the Rabi frequency and the output optical power of the control light, using logical or programmatic algorithms. This compensation coefficient characterizes the attenuation ratio of the current effective output optical power relative to the ideal value, serving as a bridge between measurement results and control commands, and providing a quantitative basis for subsequent parameter updates.

[0078] S208. Update the power control parameters that affect the control light in the quantum gate according to the compensation coefficient.

[0079] This step can be further refined as follows: update the power control parameter in the quantum gate that affects the control light to the power parameter obtained by multiplying the power control parameter by the compensation coefficient.

[0080] Among them, power control parameters refer to adjustable parameters that affect the effect of controllable light, including laser power setting value, AOM driving voltage or quantum gate pulse duration, etc.

[0081] Specifically, after determining the compensation coefficient, all power control parameters affecting the control light in the quantum gate can be updated based on the compensation coefficient. The update method may include, but is not limited to, adjusting the front-end optical power (such as setting the AOM driving voltage to the original value × a) to restore the output optical power of the actual control light; or keeping the output optical power unchanged, while updating the pulse duration in the quantum gate sequence to the original value ÷ a to achieve the same rotation angle. The specific method can be determined according to the actual situation and is not limited here.

[0082] In one embodiment, the update method is to determine the updated power control parameter by multiplying the determined compensation coefficient by each parameter involved in the power control coefficient of the control light.

[0083] S209. Determine that the trapped ion is in the initial quantum state.

[0084] Specifically, after compensation is completed, the compensation result needs to be verified to determine its validity. In this embodiment, before verification, the trapped ion needs to be pre-set, that is, the state of the trapped ion needs to be determined to be in the initial quantum state (i.e., the initialization process), where the initial quantum state is the ground state. In other words, because the state of the trapped ion cannot remain in the same state continuously, it may transition from the initial quantum state to the excited state at any time. Therefore, before verification, it must be ensured that the ion is in one of the two known initial states; otherwise, it is impossible to determine whether the gate operation was executed as expected. Therefore, after compensation is completed, the control unit will re-perform the initialization operation on the trapped ion, causing the trapped ion to escape from any possible superposition state or excited state and return to the unified initial quantum state.

[0085] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the initialization of the trapped ion includes cooling and state preparation. First, the trapped ion needs to be cooled. Cooling methods can include, but are not limited to, Doppler cooling, EIT cooling, or sideband cooling, and the specific method can be determined based on the actual situation; no limitation is made here. During cooling, the momentum exchange between the laser and the trapped ion lowers its motion temperature, bringing it to a low energy level close to its vibrational ground state. Subsequently, optical pumping (i.e., applying a light field of a specific frequency and polarization) efficiently pumps the internal population of the trapped ion to the target energy level (such as a clock state or ground state), thus completing state preparation. This initialization process ensures that subsequent Rabi frequency measurements or gate manipulation verifications all start from the same initial state, which is a prerequisite for achieving high-precision, repeatable quantum operations.

[0086] Optionally, the system also includes an auxiliary laser module; the auxiliary laser module is electrically connected to the control unit; the control unit is also used to control the auxiliary laser module to initialize the trapped ions, so that the trapped ions are in an initial quantum state. The auxiliary laser module refers to an additional laser system independent of the main control optical path, specifically used for ion initialization and state control. It typically includes a cooling laser and an optical pump laser, whose wavelengths, polarizations, and frequencies are matched to the cooling transitions and state preparation transitions of the ions, respectively. Its core function is to efficiently cool and reset the quantum state of the trapped ions before the compensation or verification process begins, ensuring that they are in a defined initial quantum state (such as the ground state). This provides a consistent and clean starting condition for subsequent high-precision Rabi frequency measurements or gate control verification.

[0087] Specifically, in ion trap systems, trapped ions may be in thermally excited states or unknown internal states due to environmental thermal disturbances or preceding operations. Direct quantum manipulation would introduce significant errors. The auxiliary laser module reduces the motion temperature of the trapped ions through Doppler cooling or sideband cooling mechanisms and uses optical pumping technology to pump the internal state population to the target energy level, thus completing the initialization. This process is uniformly scheduled by the control unit and automatically triggered after the main calculation process is paused, ensuring that each compensation or verification starts from the same initial quantum state. Because the auxiliary laser and the main control light are decoupled in wavelength and function, mutual interference can be avoided, while improving initialization efficiency and fidelity. This is a key supporting link for achieving high repeatability and high precision closed-loop compensation.

[0088] S210. Multiple preset test quantum gate pulses are sequentially applied to the control light, and multiple secondary detection results output by the fluorescence detection module are recorded after each application.

[0089] Optionally, the secondary detection result is configured to be recorded as the first detection state when the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal, and as the second detection state when the fluorescence detection module does not detect a fluorescence signal; wherein, the state of the trapped ion corresponding to the first detection state is in the excited state, and the state of the trapped ion corresponding to the second detection state is in the initial quantum state.

[0090] Among them, the test quantum gate pulse refers to the reference gate with a definite theoretical output probability, such as the π / 2 pulse (theoretical flip probability of 50%) or the π pulse (theoretical flip probability of 100%). The secondary detection result refers to the single measurement result output by the fluorescence detection module after each gate operation, which is usually a binary signal (i.e., "1" or "0").

[0091] Specifically, after determining that the trapped ion is in the initial quantum state, the control unit applies a preset check quantum gate pulse (such as a π / 2 pulse) to the manipulation light. The fluorescence detection module then immediately performs fluorescence detection and records the result. In this embodiment, when the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal, it is recorded as the first detection state; when it does not detect a fluorescence signal, it is recorded as the second detection state. The trapped ion in the first detection state is in an excited state, and the trapped ion in the second detection state is in the initial quantum state. For example, when the fluorescence detection module detects the first detection state, the recorded secondary detection result is 1; when it detects the second detection state, the recorded secondary detection result is 0. After recording, the control unit applies another preset check quantum gate pulse to the manipulation light, and the fluorescence detection module performs detection and records the result. This process is repeated multiple times (e.g., N=1000 times), ultimately generating a binary detection sequence containing multiple secondary detection results. These results reflect the system's actual ability to execute the gate under the current compensation parameters and are the raw data for evaluating the compensation effect.

[0092] S211. Based on the results of each secondary detection, count the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state to determine the measured flip probability of the target quantum state.

[0093] The target quantum state is the first probe state, i.e., the excited state. This corresponds to a state with a fluorescent signal output. The measured flip probability refers to the frequency of the target quantum state appearing during N pulse applications.

[0094] Specifically, after obtaining the results of each secondary detection, the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state is counted based on these results. That is, after N independent repeated experiments, the total number of times "1" appears is counted. This total number of times the result is counted is the measured flip probability of the target quantum state. This measured flip probability is essentially an observable proxy of the accuracy of quantum manipulation under specific gate control. The closer its value is to the theoretical expectation, the more the intensity, phase, and polarization parameters of the current manipulated light meet the design requirements. Therefore, it can be used as a direct basis for evaluating the compensation effect.

[0095] S212. Based on the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the test quantum gate pulse, determine whether the deviation between the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability is within the preset deviation range.

[0096] S213. If yes, then the verification ends.

[0097] S214. If not, continue to determine the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion based on the manipulator light incident on the trapped ion until the deviation is within the preset deviation range.

[0098] The theoretical flip probability is an ideal value determined by the gate type (e.g., 0.5 for a π / 2 pulse). The preset deviation range refers to the allowable statistical error tolerance (e.g., ±0.05). The setting of this range can take into account the inherent randomness of quantum measurement (following a binomial distribution), statistical fluctuations caused by finite sampling, and the tolerance margin allowed by engineering.

[0099] Specifically, after determining the measured flip probability, the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the test quantum gate pulse is used to determine whether the current system state meets the control accuracy requirements. For example, an ideal π / 2 pulse should cause the initial quantum state to... It evolves into an equal-amplitude superposition state, and the target quantum state is obtained after measurement. The probability is 0.5, meaning the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the quantum gate pulse is 50%. In this embodiment, the deviation between the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability is calculated, and it is determined whether the deviation rate is within a preset deviation range. If the deviation is within the preset deviation range, it indicates that the output power of the current control light has reached the target power, the current power adjustment parameter has made the effective intensity of the control light at the trapped ion reach the design target, and the accuracy of the quantum gate operation can meet the requirements of the subsequent main calculation process. At this time, no further adjustment is needed, the compensation is successful, and the verification process ends. If the deviation is not within the preset deviation range, such as being higher than the maximum value of the preset deviation range or lower than the minimum value of the preset deviation range, it indicates that the output power of the compensated control light still has a significant deviation. In this case, the compensation process is returned (i.e., S201), the ions are cooled and prepared again, the Rabi scan is performed again to obtain the current real Rabi frequency, and a new compensation coefficient is calculated accordingly. The defined quantum algorithm is repeated until the deviation is within the preset deviation range, and the verification is completed. This mechanism ensures that the compensation process intervenes only when necessary, minimizing interference with the main calculation process, effectively suppressing error accumulation caused by measurement noise or environmental disturbances, and improving the overall operating efficiency of the system.

[0100] It should be noted that after verification is complete, the running status of the compensation process can be switched to paused or stopped, and the main calculation process can continue to be controlled after the switch. This is specifically explained here. It should also be noted that the verification process can occur not only after the compensation process but also after the calculation process. Verification can be performed after each compensation or after multiple compensations, depending on the actual situation; there are no restrictions here. The entire verification process generally lasts less than one minute, and the entire compensation process also generally lasts less than one minute.

[0101] It should also be noted that, in this embodiment, although S214 is located after S213, the two steps are essentially parallel explanations of the two situations that occur in S212, and there is no order of precedence. This will be explained here.

[0102] The technical solution of this invention involves executing a quantum gate main computation process on trapped ions according to a preset quantum algorithm; while the main computation process is paused, the state of the trapped ions is determined to be in the initial quantum state; a multi-point Rabi scan is performed on the pulse width of the control light to determine the probability of quantum state reversal of the trapped ions under different incident durations; based on the probability of the trapped ions developing a quantum state, a Rabi oscillation curve is fitted, and the Rabi half-cycle of the trapped ions is determined based on the Rabi oscillation curve; based on the Rabi half-cycle, the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions is determined; based on the Rabi half-cycle, the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions is determined; based on the preset correspondence between the Rabi frequency and the output optical power of the control light, the compensation coefficient of the control light is determined; based on the compensation coefficient... The process involves several steps: updating the power control parameters affecting the control light in the quantum gate; confirming that the trapped ion is in its initial quantum state; sequentially applying multiple preset verification quantum gate pulses to the control light and recording multiple secondary detection results output by the fluorescence detection module after each application; counting the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state based on each secondary detection result to determine the measured flip probability of the target quantum state; determining whether the deviation between the measured and theoretical flip probabilities is within a preset deviation range based on the measured and theoretical flip probabilities; if yes, the verification ends; otherwise, the Rabi frequency of the trapped ion is determined based on the control light incident on it until the deviation is within the preset deviation range. Using this method, a closed-loop process of main computation-compensation-verification is employed to achieve high-precision, adaptive, and stable control of the effective output power of the control light in ion trap quantum computing. Compared to traditional methods that rely on external spectrophotometers or manual calibration, the technical solution in this embodiment uses the trapped ions themselves as in-situ sensors to directly sense and feedback the actual impact of multi-source disturbances such as polarization drift, fiber perturbation, and changes in the direction of the manipulating light on quantum operations, thus avoiding insertion loss and polarization contamination. At the same time, a dual verification mechanism combining Rabi frequency measurement and gate manipulation verification ensures that the compensation results are true and effective. The entire process is fully automated and only intervenes during the main computation interval, which significantly improves the accuracy of quantum gates and system stability during long-term operation, while minimizing interference with the main computation task, thereby greatly improving the operating efficiency and reliability of the quantum computer.

[0103] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0104] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An optical power compensation system, characterized in that, include: Laser generation module, used to generate control light; A power adjustment module is used to receive power adjustment commands from the control unit and adjust the output light power of the control light according to the power adjustment commands; A transmission optical fiber is used to transmit the regulated control light; A polarization selection module is used to separate the control light and form control light of a target polarization state, so that the control light of the target polarization state is incident on the trapped ion to drive the quantum gate operation process in the main computing process; A fluorescence detection module is used to collect the fluorescence signal generated by the trapped ions under the irradiation of the manipulating light, and to process the fluorescence signal. The control unit is electrically connected to the fluorescence detection module and the power adjustment module, respectively, and is used to determine the output light power of the control light according to the fluorescence signal, and generate the power adjustment command to the power adjustment module when the output light power is outside the preset power range.

2. The optical power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to switch the running state of the main calculation process to a paused state after a preset time period following the execution of the main calculation process, and to trigger a compensation process during the paused state.

3. The optical power compensation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compensation process includes calculating the Rabi frequency of the trapped ions and performing power compensation on the manipulated light based on the Rabi frequency.

4. The optical power compensation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The compensation process also includes initializing the trapped ions.

5. The optical power compensation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary laser module; the auxiliary laser module is electrically connected to the control unit; The control unit is also used to control the auxiliary laser module to initialize the trapped ion so that the trapped ion is in an initial quantum state. The initialization includes cooling and state preparation.

6. The optical power compensation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling includes Doppler cooling, EIT cooling, or sideband cooling.

7. The optical power compensation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control unit is also used to trigger a verification process after the compensation process is completed.

8. The optical power compensation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The verification process includes sequentially applying multiple preset test quantum gate pulses to the manipulation light, and recording multiple secondary detection results output by the fluorescence detection module after each application; based on each secondary detection result, counting the number of times the trapped ion is in the target quantum state to determine the measured flip probability of the target quantum state; based on the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability corresponding to the test quantum gate pulse, determining whether the deviation between the measured flip probability and the theoretical flip probability is within a preset deviation range; if so, the verification ends.

9. The optical power compensation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The secondary detection result is configured to be recorded as a first detection state when the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal, and as a second detection state when the fluorescence detection module does not detect a fluorescence signal; wherein, the state of the trapped ion corresponding to the first detection state is in an excited state, and the state of the trapped ion corresponding to the second detection state is in an initial quantum state; the target quantum state is the first detection state.

10. The optical power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polarization selection module includes at least one of a polarization beam splitter, a Glan-Taylor prism, and a polarization-maintaining fiber coupler.

11. The optical power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power regulation module includes at least one of an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, and a programmable optical attenuator.

12. The optical power compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorescence detection module includes at least one of a photomultiplier tube and an avalanche photodiode.

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