Four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon laminated battery assembly and preparation method and application thereof
By adopting a back-contact battery and insulating material layer design, the problems of uneven back color and weak power generation capacity of four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem battery modules have been solved, achieving higher power generation efficiency and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RENSHUO SOLAR ENERGY (SUZHOU) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module suffers from severe uneven color and color difference on the back side, affecting its aesthetics. At the same time, the power generation capacity on the back side is relatively weak. Existing solutions increase costs and affect power generation efficiency.
Using a back-contact cell as the crystalline silicon base cell, the front side, with uniform color and no metal grid lines obstructing it, faces the back of the module. An insulating material layer is introduced to enhance optical transmittance and absorption characteristics and improve electrical isolation performance.
It significantly improves the aesthetics and power generation capacity of the back of the tandem module, while also enhancing long-term weather resistance and safety in use.
Smart Images
Figure CN122028602A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar modules are considered an important direction for next-generation high-performance photovoltaic technology due to their potential for both high efficiency and low cost. Perovskite cells possess excellent visible light absorption capabilities, while crystalline silicon cells exhibit stable output performance in the near-infrared region. Their spectral responses are highly complementary, making them suitable for constructing high-efficiency tandem structures. Electrically, the four-terminal structure allows the perovskite top cell and crystalline silicon bottom cell to operate independently without interference, reducing the difficulty of process integration and improving the overall system stability and reliability.
[0003] In four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar modules, the crystalline silicon cells (such as TOPCon and PERC cells) typically used as the bottom cells have an electrode surface covered with metal grid lines on their back surface. These surfaces usually require laser grooving and localized doping to achieve efficient contact. These processes, along with the subsequent sintering, can easily lead to poor color uniformity on the back surface of the cells, resulting in significant color differences between individual cells. Therefore, when these modules are used in aesthetically pleasing applications such as photovoltaic carports, building rooftops, and fences, the color differences on the back of the crystalline silicon cells can make the module appear cluttered and unattractive, severely impacting the overall visual appeal and design quality of the building and its environment. Covering the back of the crystalline silicon cells with black glazed glass would increase costs and negatively affect power generation efficiency. This is because the back of the crystalline silicon cells cannot absorb light when covered by black glazed glass, preventing the back cells from generating electricity and thus reducing power output. In addition, existing crystalline silicon cells have a certain bifaciality. For example, the bifaciality of TOPCon cells is around 75% (that is, under standard test conditions, the power of the back side of a TOPCon cell is about 75% of the power of the front side), and the power generation capacity of the back side of the cell is relatively weaker than that of the front side.
[0004] Therefore, how to effectively improve the uneven color and color difference on the back of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, while improving the power generation capacity of the back of the module, is an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, its fabrication method, and its applications. This invention employs a back-contact cell as the crystalline silicon bottom cell, with its uniformly colored, unobstructed metal grid front facing the back of the module. This significantly enhances the aesthetic appeal of the back of the tandem module while fully utilizing its excellent optical transmittance and absorption characteristics, greatly improving the effective utilization of back light and increasing the power generation capacity of the back of the tandem solar cell module, thereby enhancing the overall power generation capacity of the module. Furthermore, the present invention introduces an insulating material layer to effectively enhance the electrical isolation performance between the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, improving the long-term weather resistance and safety of the tandem solar cell module.
[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, wherein the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module comprises, in sequence along the incident light direction, a front conductive glass, a perovskite top cell, a first encapsulant layer, an insulating material layer, a second encapsulant layer, a crystalline silicon bottom cell, a third encapsulant layer, and a back glass.
[0007] The crystalline silicon bottom cell is a back contact cell; the back contact cell is oriented opposite to the perovskite top cell, and the gridless front of the back contact cell faces the back glass.
[0008] This invention employs a back-contact cell as the crystalline silicon bottom cell, with its uniformly colored, unobstructed front side facing the back of the module. This significantly enhances the aesthetic appeal of the back of the tandem module while fully utilizing its excellent optical transmission and absorption characteristics, greatly improving the effective utilization of back light and increasing the power generation capacity of the back of the tandem cell module, thereby enhancing the overall power generation capacity of the module. Furthermore, this invention introduces an insulating material layer to effectively enhance the electrical isolation performance between the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, improving the long-term weather resistance and safety of the tandem cell module.
[0009] It should be noted that a transparent conductive layer is provided on the front conductive glass. For example, the transparent conductive layer may be an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer, etc.
[0010] Preferably, along the incident light direction, the perovskite top solar cell sequentially comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a transparent electrode layer.
[0011] For example, the hole transport layer may be a Spiro-OMeTAD layer, a PTAA layer, or a nickel oxide layer. The electron transport layer may be a titanium dioxide layer, a tin dioxide layer, or a C layer. 60 Transparent electrode layers, for example, can be ITO (indium tin oxide) layers.
[0012] For example, the chemical formula of the perovskite absorber layer is ABX3, where A includes at least one of formamidinium ion, methylamine ion and cesium ion, B includes lead ion and / or tin ion, and X is a halide ion.
[0013] Preferably, the perovskite top cell is provided with a current-guiding strip and a current-combining strip. The current-guiding strip is used to collect and lead out the current of the perovskite top cell, and the current-combining strip is used to combine and output the current led out by the current-guiding strip.
[0014] It should be noted that "several" refers to a quantity, that is, at least one. The specific number can be adjusted according to actual processes, design requirements, and application scenarios, rather than referring to a fixed number. For example, in "several sub-units," "several" usually means a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The same applies below.
[0015] Preferably, the insulating material of the insulating material layer includes inorganic glass material or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) material. For example, the inorganic glass material may be ultra-clear patterned glass, ultra-clear float glass, etc.
[0016] Preferably, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 75μm-3.5mm, for example, it can be 75μm, 100μm, 500μm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm or 3.5mm, etc.
[0017] Preferably, when the insulating material of the insulating material layer is an inorganic glass material, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 1-3.5mm, for example, it can be 1.1mm, 1.6mm, 2mm, 3.2mm or 3.5mm, etc.
[0018] Preferably, when the insulating material of the insulating material layer is PET material, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 75-200μm, for example, it can be 75μm, 100μm, 145μm or 200μm, etc.
[0019] In this invention, an insulating material layer of suitable thickness not only enhances the electrical isolation performance between the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, improving the long-term weather resistance and safety of the tandem solar module, but also enhances the mechanical strength of the product. It should be noted that the thickness of the insulating material layer can be designed according to different applications. For example, when used as a photovoltaic railing, a thin insulating material, such as a 145μm thick PET material, can be used while still meeting electrical isolation requirements.
[0020] Preferably, the insulating material layer is a black insulating layer or a black mesh insulating layer.
[0021] In this invention, the insulating material layer is further selected to be black, so that the product displays a completely black characteristic against a black background, making it more aesthetically pleasing.
[0022] Preferably, the back contact battery comprises a plurality of crystalline silicon battery strings connected in series, the crystalline silicon battery strings being connected by busbars to form a parallel circuit, and current being drawn out through the lead-out bars.
[0023] Preferably, the materials of the first, second, and third adhesive film layers each independently comprise any one or a combination of at least two of polyolefins, polyesters, or olefin copolymers. For example, the polyolefin may be a polyolefin elastomer (POE), the polyester may be, for example, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, and the olefin copolymer may be an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc.
[0024] Preferably, the thickness of the first adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm, for example, it can be 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.65 mm or 0.7 mm.
[0025] Preferably, the thickness of the second adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm, for example, it can be 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.65 mm or 0.7 mm.
[0026] Preferably, the thickness of the third adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm, for example, it can be 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.65 mm or 0.7 mm.
[0027] Preferably, the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module further includes an encapsulating adhesive, which is disposed between the front conductive glass and the back glass and surrounds the sides of the perovskite top cell, the first encapsulating film layer, the insulating material layer, the second encapsulating film layer, the crystalline silicon bottom cell, and the third encapsulating film layer.
[0028] For example, the encapsulating adhesive may be butyl glue, etc.
[0029] Preferably, the first, second, and third adhesive film layers each have through holes at corresponding positions for leading out the current-carrying strips of the perovskite top cell or the crystalline silicon bottom cell.
[0030] Preferably, the back glass is provided with perovskite lead-out holes and crystalline silicon lead-out holes at corresponding positions for leading out the current-carrying strips of the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, and connecting them independently to an external junction box.
[0031] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module as described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps: A perovskite top cell was fabricated on a conductive glass front.
[0032] A first adhesive film layer, an insulating material layer, and a second adhesive film layer are prepared on the perovskite top solar cell.
[0033] A back contact battery is laid on the second adhesive film layer as a crystalline silicon bottom battery, and the gridless front side of the back contact battery faces away from the front conductive glass.
[0034] A third adhesive film layer is prepared on the grid-free front side of the crystalline silicon bottom cell.
[0035] A backsheet glass is then laminated onto the third adhesive film layer to obtain the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module.
[0036] Preferably, the method for preparing the insulating material layer includes any one of the following: direct lay-up method, chemical vapor deposition method, magnetron sputtering method, or screen printing method.
[0037] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module as described in the first aspect in the field of optoelectronics.
[0038] The numerical range described in this invention includes not only the point values listed above, but also any point values within the numerical ranges not listed above. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, this invention will not exhaustively list all the specific point values included in the range.
[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a back-contact cell as the crystalline silicon bottom cell, with its uniformly colored, unobstructed front side facing the back of the module. This significantly enhances the aesthetic appeal of the back of the tandem module while fully utilizing its excellent optical transmission and absorption characteristics, greatly improving the effective utilization of back light and increasing the power generation capacity of the back of the tandem cell module, thereby enhancing the overall power generation capacity of the module. Furthermore, this invention introduces an insulating material layer to effectively enhance the electrical isolation performance between the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, improving the long-term weather resistance and safety of the tandem cell module. Attached Figure Description
[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.
[0042] Among them, 1-front conductive glass; 2-perovskite top cell; 3-first encapsulant layer; 4-insulating material layer; 5-second encapsulant layer; 6-crystalline silicon bottom cell; 7-third encapsulant layer; 8-back glass; 9-junction box. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
[0044] It should be understood that in the description of this invention, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0045] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0046] Example 1 This embodiment provides a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, the structural schematic of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module includes, in sequence along the incident light direction, a front conductive glass 1, a perovskite top cell 2, a first encapsulant layer 3, an insulating material layer 4, a second encapsulant layer 5, a crystalline silicon bottom cell 6, a third encapsulant layer 7, and a back glass 8.
[0047] Among them, the crystalline silicon bottom cell 6 is a back contact cell, and the back contact cell is an IBC cell; the back contact cell is oriented opposite to the perovskite top cell 2, and the gridless front of the back contact cell faces the back glass 8; the back contact cell includes several crystalline silicon cell strings connected in series, and the crystalline silicon cell strings are connected by bus bars to form a parallel circuit, and the current is led out through the current guide bars.
[0048] Among them, the insulating material of insulating material layer 4 is PET material with a thickness of 145μm.
[0049] The front conductive glass 1 includes an ultra-white patterned glass substrate and a transparent conductive layer disposed on the ultra-white patterned glass substrate, wherein the transparent conductive layer is an ITO layer; along the incident light direction, the perovskite top solar cell 2 sequentially includes a nickel oxide layer (20 nm thick), a perovskite absorber layer (500 nm thick), and a C… 60 The perovskite top cell 2 has a 30nm thick layer and an ITO layer (100nm thick). The perovskite top cell 2 is provided with a current guide bar and a current bus bar. The current guide bar is used to collect and lead out the current of the perovskite top cell 2, and the current bus bar is used to combine and output the current led out by the current guide bar.
[0050] The first adhesive film layer 3, the second adhesive film layer 5, and the third adhesive film layer 7 are all made of polyolefin elastomer, with thicknesses of 0.6 mm, 0.45 mm, and 0.45 mm, respectively. The first adhesive film layer 3, the second adhesive film layer 5, and the third adhesive film layer 7 are provided with through holes at corresponding positions for leading out the current-carrying strips of the perovskite top cell 2 or the crystalline silicon bottom cell 6.
[0051] The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module also includes butyl rubber, which is disposed between the front conductive glass 1 and the back glass 8, and surrounds the sides of the perovskite top cell 2, the first adhesive film layer 3, the insulating material layer 4, the second adhesive film layer 5, the crystalline silicon bottom cell 6 and the third adhesive film layer 7.
[0052] The back glass 8 has perovskite lead-out holes and crystalline silicon lead-out holes at corresponding positions, which are used to lead out the lead strips of the perovskite top cell 2 and the crystalline silicon bottom cell 6, and connect them independently to the external junction box 9.
[0053] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, the method comprising the following steps: (1) Fabricating a perovskite top solar cell on a front conductive glass, the steps of which include: (a) Provide a front conductive glass and clean and dry it.
[0054] (b) A nickel oxide layer (magnetron sputtering), a perovskite absorber layer (solution spin coating), and a C layer are sequentially prepared on the ITO layer of the front conductive glass. 60Layer (thermal evaporation method) and ITO layer (thermal evaporation method); (2) A first adhesive film layer is prepared on the upper surface of the perovskite top cell using a lay-up method. Then, an insulating material layer is prepared on the first adhesive film layer using a screen printing method. Subsequently, a second adhesive film layer is prepared on the insulating material layer using a lay-up method.
[0055] (3) Provide finished IBC batteries.
[0056] An IBC cell is laid on the second adhesive film layer as a crystalline silicon bottom cell, and the gridless front side of the IBC cell faces away from the front conductive glass.
[0057] (4) A third adhesive film layer is prepared on the gridless front side of the IBC cell using a layer lay-up method.
[0058] (5) Cover the back glass with the third adhesive film layer, and then laminate for 30 minutes under vacuum of -45 kPa, temperature of 115℃ and pressure of 0.08 MPa. After lamination, install the junction box so that the perovskite top cell and crystalline silicon bottom cell led out from the perovskite lead hole and crystalline silicon lead hole of the back glass are independently connected to the external junction box, thus obtaining a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cell module.
[0059] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that black filler is introduced into the PET material to make the insulating material layer a black insulating layer.
[0060] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0061] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the insulating material layer is 50 μm.
[0062] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0063] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the insulating material layer is 220 μm.
[0064] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0065] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no insulating material layer is provided, and the grid-free front side of the back contact battery faces the front conductive glass.
[0066] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0067] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module provided in this comparative example.
[0068] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no insulating material layer is provided.
[0069] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0070] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the orientation of the back contact battery is adjusted so that the grid-free front side of the back contact battery faces the front conductive glass.
[0071] The remaining preparation methods and parameters are consistent with those in Example 1.
[0072] Performance testing The photoelectric performance of the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell modules provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested under the following conditions: STC conditions (AM1.5, 1000W / m). 2 The power of the crystalline silicon and the insulation resistance of the module were tested at a temperature of 25℃.
[0073] The results are shown in Table 1.
[0074] Table 1 analyze: As shown in Table 1, this invention uses a back-contact cell as the crystalline silicon bottom cell, with its uniformly colored, unobstructed front side facing the back of the module. This significantly improves the aesthetic effect of the homogenized back of the tandem module while fully utilizing the excellent optical transmission and absorption characteristics of this surface, greatly enhancing the effective utilization of back light and improving the power generation capacity of the back of the tandem cell module, thereby improving the overall power generation capacity of the module. Furthermore, this invention also effectively enhances the electrical isolation performance between the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell by introducing an insulating material layer, improving the long-term weather resistance and safety of the tandem cell module.
[0075] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Examples 3-4, if the thickness of the insulating material layer is too small, the insulation resistance Ri will be too small; if the thickness of the insulating material layer is too large, the insulation resistance will be better, but the transmittance of the incident light from the front will be affected due to the excessive thickness.
[0076] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, if no insulating material layer is provided and the gridless front side of the back contact battery faces the front conductive glass, the insulation resistance is significantly lower, affecting the overall safety; and the power is also affected.
[0077] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, if an insulating material layer is not provided, the insulation resistance is significantly lower, which affects the overall safety.
[0078] As can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, if the orientation of the back contact battery is adjusted so that the gridless front side of the back contact battery faces the front conductive glass, the insulation resistance is comparable and the overall safety is feasible, but the power is affected.
[0079] It should be noted that the present invention is illustrated through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials used in the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module, characterized in that, The perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module includes, in sequence along the incident light direction, a front conductive glass, a perovskite top cell, a first encapsulant layer, an insulating material layer, a second encapsulant layer, a crystalline silicon bottom cell, a third encapsulant layer, and a back glass. The crystalline silicon bottom cell is a back contact cell; the back contact cell is oriented opposite to the perovskite top cell, and the gridless front of the back contact cell faces the back glass.
2. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction of incident light, the perovskite top solar cell sequentially comprises a hole transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a transparent electrode layer; And / or, the perovskite top cell is provided with a current-guiding strip and a current-combining strip, the current-guiding strip being used to collect and lead out the current of the perovskite top cell, and the current-combining strip being used to combine and output the current led out by the current-guiding strip.
3. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The insulating material of the insulating material layer includes inorganic glass material or PET material; And / or, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 75μm-3.5mm.
4. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, When the insulating material of the insulating layer is an inorganic glass material, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 1-3.5 mm; or, When the insulating material of the insulating material layer is PET material, the thickness of the insulating material layer is 75-200μm; And / or, the insulating material layer is a black insulating layer or a black mesh insulating layer.
5. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The back contact battery includes several crystalline silicon battery strings connected in series. The crystalline silicon battery strings are connected by busbars to form a parallel circuit, and current is drawn out through the current-leading bars.
6. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The materials of the first adhesive film layer, the second adhesive film layer, and the third adhesive film layer each independently include any one or a combination of at least two of polyolefins, polyesters, or olefin copolymers; And / or, the thickness of the first adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm; And / or, the thickness of the second adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm; And / or, the thickness of the third adhesive film layer is 0.45-0.7 mm; And / or, the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module further includes an encapsulating adhesive, which is disposed between the front conductive glass and the back glass and surrounds the sides of the perovskite top cell, the first encapsulating film layer, the insulating material layer, the second encapsulating film layer, the crystalline silicon bottom cell, and the third encapsulating film layer.
7. The four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Through holes are provided at corresponding positions in the first, second, and third adhesive film layers for leading out the current-carrying strips of the perovskite top cell or the crystalline silicon bottom cell. The back glass has perovskite lead-out holes and crystalline silicon lead-out holes at corresponding positions for leading out the current-carrying strips of the perovskite top cell and the crystalline silicon bottom cell, and connecting them independently to an external junction box.
8. A method for preparing a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: Fabrication of perovskite top solar cells on front conductive glass; A first adhesive film layer, an insulating material layer, and a second adhesive film layer are prepared on the perovskite top solar cell; A back contact battery is laid on the second adhesive film layer as a crystalline silicon bottom battery, and the gridless front side of the back contact battery faces away from the front conductive glass. A third adhesive film layer is prepared on the grid-free front side of the crystalline silicon bottom cell; A backsheet glass is then laminated onto the third adhesive film layer to obtain the four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for preparing the insulating material layer includes any one of the following: direct lay-up method, chemical vapor deposition method, magnetron sputtering method, or screen printing method.
10. The application of a four-terminal perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1-7 in the field of optoelectronics.