Artificial aortic valve pace-making system

Abstract

A prosthetic heart valve (620) comprising: a frame (630); and a plurality of prosthetic leaflets (32) coupled to the frame (630) to allow blood flow in one direction. An antenna (28) is mechanically coupled to the frame (630) proximal to the plurality of prosthetic valve leaflets and includes one or more prosthetic valve coils (36). A first proximal peak (204A) and a second proximal peak (204B) defined by circumferentially adjacent first and second nearest stent cells (206A, 206B) of interconnected stent cells (192) of the frame (630), respectively, are located at a first peak angular position (208A) and a second peak angular position (208B) about a central longitudinal axis (60) of the frame (630), respectively. The antenna (28) is mechanically coupled to the frame (630) such that a center of mass (212) of the antenna (28) is located at an antenna angular position (214) between the first peak angular position (208A) and the second peak angular position (208B), and a closest point (216) of the antenna (28) is disposed axially between a 5mm proximal side and a 5mm distal side of the first proximal peak (204A) and the second proximal peak (204B). Other embodiments are also described.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing related applications This application claims priority to and is a partial continuation of U.S. Application No. 18 / 607,638, filed March 18, 2024, which: (a) claims priority to and is a partial continuation of U.S. Application No. 18 / 452,229, filed August 18, 2023, now U.S. Patent No. 11,931,255; and (b) claims priority to and is a partial continuation of U.S. Application No. 18 / 452,216, filed August 18, 2023, now U.S. Patent No. 11,975,203. All of the foregoing referenced applications are assigned to the assignee of this application and are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention generally relates to a surgical implant and system, and more particularly to an artificial aortic valve and system. Background Technology

[0003] Aortic valve replacement may be necessary to treat valvular regurgitation or stenotic calcification of the valve leaflets. In the percutaneous transluminal delivery technique, an artificial aortic valve is compressed for delivery in a catheter and advanced through the descending aorta to the heart, where it is deployed in the aortic annulus. New-onset cardiac conduction disorders are common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The most common complication is left bundle branch block (LBBB).

[0004] Gross' PCT Publication WO 2022 / 149130 (the entire text of which is incorporated herein by reference) describes, among other things, an artificial aortic valve configured for delivery in a compression delivery configuration to a patient's autologous aortic valve within a delivery sheath. The artificial aortic valve includes: a frame comprising a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; a plurality of artificial valve leaflets coupled to the frame; a cathode and an anode mechanically coupled to the frame; and an artificial valve coil in non-wireless electrical communication with the cathode and the anode and coupled to the plurality of stent struts, extending along the stent struts to surround the plurality of stent cells when the artificial aortic valve is released from the delivery sheath and expands to a fully deployed configuration.

[0005] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0258585 by Marquez et al. describes a sensor-integrated artificial valve that may include a variety of features, including: a plurality of leaflets; a frame assembly configured to support the plurality of leaflets and define a plurality of suture supports terminating at the outflow end of the artificial valve; a sensor device associated with the frame assembly and configured to generate a sensor signal, for example, a sensor signal indicating deflection of one or more of the plurality of suture supports; and a transmitter assembly configured to receive the sensor signal from the sensor device and wirelessly transmit a transmission signal at least in part based on the sensor signal.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 9,326,854 to Casley et al. describes a medical device delivery assembly. The assembly may include a catheter-based delivery system. The assembly may include a pacing element configured to pace a patient's heart before, during, or after surgery. The pacing element may be a removable implantable pacing element. The pacing element may be an implantable pacemaker, and the implantable pacemaker may be disposed on the catheter-based delivery system. The assembly may include an artificial heart valve having one or more pacing elements. The pacing element may include one or more pacing strips. These pacing strips may be conductive or insulating. These pacing strips may prevent, treat, or correct abnormal electrical communications in the heart. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Some embodiments of the present invention provide an artificial aortic valve configured for implantation into a patient's autologous aortic valve, and the artificial aortic valve includes a plurality of artificial leaflets, a frame, and one or more electrodes mechanically coupled to the frame, the one or more electrodes including a cathode and an anode. The artificial aortic valve further includes an artificial valve coil that communicates electrically, in a non-wireless manner, with respect to the cathode and the anode.

[0008] For some applications, the artificial aortic valve further includes a circuit system configured to apply pacing to the heart using the one or more electrodes. For example, pacing may be applied temporarily for several weeks after implantation of the artificial aortic valve, typically with continuous power supplied by an external control unit; or pacing may be applied long-term, in which case the artificial aortic valve may further include an energy storage module, such as a battery, which can be periodically charged using the external control unit. Furthermore, as an alternative or supplement, for some applications, the circuit system is configured to apply rapid pacing during invasive structural cardiac surgery, such as implantation procedures, such as TAVR procedures in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), where the first TAVR includes the artificial aortic valve.

[0009] Therefore, according to various applications of the present invention, the following inventive concepts are provided: Invention Concept 1: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets, coupled to the frame, to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; and An antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna includes one or more artificial valve coils. The first proximal peak and the second proximal peak, defined by the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to the plurality of interconnected support cells, are respectively located at the first peak angle position and the second peak angle position around the central longitudinal axis of the frame. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that (a) the centroid of the antenna is located at an antenna angular position around the central longitudinal axis, the antenna angular position being between the first peak angular position and the second peak angular position, and (b) the nearest side point of the antenna is axially located between (i) 5 mm proximal to the first and second proximal peaks and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

[0010] Invention Concept 2: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 1, wherein: the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that the nearest side point of the antenna is axially positioned between (i) 3 mm proximal to the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak.

[0011] Inventive Concept 3: The artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 to 2, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first downstream stent cell and the second downstream stent cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the downstream point of the antenna, which is axially located between (i) 5 mm downstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak and (ii) 5 mm upstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak.

[0012] Inventive Concept 4: The artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 to 2, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the upstream point of the antenna, which is axially located between (i) 5 mm upstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak, and (ii) 5 mm downstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak.

[0013] Invention Concept 5: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: A frame, defining a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, the frame comprising: Multiple interconnecting support struts are arranged to define multiple interconnecting support cells; and One or more delivery tool coupling tongues are disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells and shaped to define a plurality of edges, each facing distally. Multiple artificial leaflets, coupled to the frame, to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; and An antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna includes one or more artificial valve coils. The first proximal peak and the second proximal peak, defined by the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to the plurality of interconnected support cells, are respectively located at the first peak angle position and the second peak angle position around the central longitudinal axis of the frame. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that (a) the center of mass of the antenna is located at an antenna angular position around the central longitudinal axis, the antenna angular position being between the first peak angular position and the second peak angular position, and (b) the nearest side point of the antenna is axially disposed between (i) the axial positions of the plurality of distal edges of the coupling tongue of the delivery tool, and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

[0014] Invention Concept 6: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 5, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: a delivery system including a delivery shaft detachably coupled to the one or more delivery tool coupling tongues.

[0015] Inventive Concept 7: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 5, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. The one or more conveying tool coupling tongues are disposed downstream of the multiple support cells and are shaped to define multiple upstream-facing edges, respectively. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first downstream stent cell and the second downstream stent cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the most downstream point between (i) the axial position of the plurality of upstream-facing edges of the coupling tongue of the conveying tool and (ii) 5 mm upstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak.

[0016] Inventive Concept 8: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 5, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. The one or more conveying tool coupling tongues are disposed upstream of the plurality of support cells and are shaped to define a plurality of downstream-facing edges, respectively. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the upstream point of the antenna, which is axially disposed between (i) the axial positions of the plurality of downstream-facing edges of the coupling tongue of the conveying tool and (ii) 5 mm downstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak.

[0017] Invention Concept 9: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: the antenna comprises a magnetic core, and the one or more artificial valve coils are wound around the magnetic core.

[0018] Inventive Concept 10: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: The first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell are joined at cell nodes. The first nearest-side support cell includes a right proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the right proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side support cell. The second nearest-side support cell includes a left proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the left proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side support cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut.

[0019] Invention Concept 11: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: the first proximal stent cell and the second proximal stent cell are engaged at a cell contact, and the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame at least partially via mechanical coupling to the cell contact.

[0020] Invention Concept 12, the artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 11, wherein: the farthest point of the antenna coincides with the cell junction or does not exceed a distance far from the cell junction, the distance being equal to 30% of the length of the antenna, and the distance and the length are measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

[0021] Inventive Concept 13: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: The angle positions of the first peak and the second peak are offset by peak-to-peak angle shift. Wherein, the first peak angle position and the antenna angle position are offset by the peak-to-antenna angle offset, and Wherein, the peak-to-antenna angle offset is equal to 25% to 75% of the peak-to-peak angle offset.

[0022] Invention Concept 14: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: the nearest point of the antenna is axially disposed between 5 mm proximal to the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak and 5 mm distal to the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak.

[0023] Inventive Concept 15: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: The first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell, which are circumferentially adjacent, are joined at cell joints. Wherein, the peak height is equal to the distance measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame between the nearest side point of the first proximal peak and the cell junction. The length of the antenna is equal to 30% to 150% of the peak height, and the length and the peak height are measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

[0024] Inventive Concept 16: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: The angle positions of the first peak and the second peak are offset by peak-to-peak angle shift, and The width of the antenna measured in the peak-to-peak direction is equal to 10% to 60% of the peak-to-peak angle offset.

[0025] Inventive Concept 17: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 1 or 5, further comprising: Cathode and anode, mechanically coupled to the frame; and The circuit system is electrically coupled to the cathode, the anode, and the one or more artificial valve coils.

[0026] Invention Concept 18: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 1 or 5, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: an external unit, wherein the external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body, and the external unit comprises: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling.

[0027] Invention Concept 19: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; An antenna, mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna comprising one or more artificial valve coils; and Flexible film, Among them, the first nearest side bracket cell and the second nearest side bracket cell of the plurality of interconnected bracket cells that are circumferentially adjacent are joined at cell joints. The first nearest-side support cell includes a right proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the right proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side support cell. The second nearest-side support cell includes a left proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the left proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side support cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut.

[0028] Inventive Concept 20: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 19, wherein the antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the cell junction.

[0029] Inventive Concept 21: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 19, wherein the antenna is mechanically coupled to the flexible sheet by sewing.

[0030] Inventive Concept 22: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 19, wherein the flexible flap is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut by sewing.

[0031] Invention Concept 23: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 19, wherein: the antenna comprises a magnetic core, and the one or more coils are wound around the magnetic core.

[0032] Invention Concept 24: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 19, wherein: the flexible sheet is coupled only to one or more of the interconnected stent struts of each of the first nearest-side stent cell and the second nearest-side stent cell, and is not coupled to any of the interconnected stent struts of the other stent cells of the frame.

[0033] Invention Concept 25: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 19 to 24, wherein the frame further comprises: one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of stent cells.

[0034] Invention Concept 26: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 19 to 25, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

[0035] Inventive Concept 27: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 19 to 25, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. The right proximal support rod is the right downstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side stent cell is the first downstream peak defined by the first most downstream stent cell. The left proximal support rod is the left downstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side stent cell is the second downstream peak defined by the second most downstream stent cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right downstream strut and the left downstream strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right downstream strut and the left downstream strut.

[0036] Inventive Concept 28: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 19 to 25, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. The right proximal support rod is the right upstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side stent cell is the first upstream peak defined by the first most upstream stent cell. The left proximal support rod is the upper left support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Specifically, the second proximal peak defined by the second nearest stent cell is the second upstream peak defined by the second most upstream stent cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right upstream support and the left upstream support, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right upstream strut and the left upstream strut.

[0037] Invention Concept 29: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: The frame, when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, defines a central longitudinal axis, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells, wherein a plurality of distal stent cells of the plurality of stent cells are located in the distal half of the frame and define a plurality of distal peaks respectively. Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; An electrode is disposed at or near the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells, wherein a first distal stent strut and a second distal stent strut of the one distal stent cell are coupled to the distal peak; and Coupled materials, shaped to define: (a) A first strip, mechanically coupled to the first distal support strut, (b) A second strip, mechanically coupled to the second distal support strut, and (c) A junction that couples the first stripe and the second stripe together. This causes the first and second stripes to couple the electrode to the frame together at or near the distal peak.

[0038] Invention Concept 30: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 29, wherein: the plurality of distal stent cells among the plurality of stent cells are the plurality of distalest stent cells among the plurality of stent cells, and the one distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells is the distalest stent cell among the plurality of stent cells.

[0039] Invention Concept 31: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 29, wherein: the first strip and the second strip are mechanically coupled to the first distal stent strut and the second distal stent strut respectively by sewing.

[0040] Invention Concept 32, an artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 29, wherein: the contact of the coupling material is mechanically coupled to the frame at or near the distal peak.

[0041] Inventive Concept 33: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 29, wherein: the length of the first strip is at least 50% of the length of the first distal stent strut.

[0042] Invention Concept 34: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 33, wherein: the length of the first strip is greater than the length of the first distal stent strut.

[0043] Inventive Concept 35: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 29, wherein: the length of the second strip is at least 50% of the length of the second distal stent strut.

[0044] Inventive Concept 36: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 35, wherein the length of the second strip does not exceed 100% of the length of the second distal stent strut.

[0045] Inventive Concept 37: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 36, wherein: The distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells is the first distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells. Wherein, the first distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells is joined at a cell contact to a circumferentially adjacent second distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells, and The second strip is mechanically coupled to the cell contact.

[0046] Inventive Concept 38: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 37, wherein the second strip is mechanically coupled to the cell junction by sewing.

[0047] Inventive Concept 39: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 36, wherein: The artificial heart valve further includes: electrical leads electrically coupled to the electrodes, and The first strip is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of the electrical lead.

[0048] Inventive Concept 40: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 39, wherein: The first strip includes an electrical insulating element, and Wherein, at least a portion of the first electrically insulated lead wire.

[0049] Invention Concept 41: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 40, wherein: the first strip includes an extension of a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated with the electrical leads.

[0050] Inventive Concept 42, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 39, further comprising: a circuit system electrically coupled to the electrode via the electrical leads.

[0051] Inventive Concept 43: The artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 36, wherein: The first strip and the second strip are outer first strip and outer second strip, respectively mechanically coupled to the radial outer sides of the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut. The coupling material is shaped to further define: (a) The inner first strip, mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the first distal support strut, and (b) The inner second strip, mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the second distal support strut, Wherein, the junction of the coupling material couples the outer first strip, the outer second strip, the inner first strip, and the inner second strip together, and The outer first strip, the outer second strip, the inner first strip, and the inner second strip together couple the electrode to the frame at or near the distal peak.

[0052] Inventive Concept 44: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 43, wherein the contact of the coupling material is folded over the distal peak.

[0053] Inventive Concept 45: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 44, wherein the folded contact is mechanically coupled to the frame at or near the distal peak.

[0054] Inventive Concept 46: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 45, wherein the frame further comprises: one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of stent cells.

[0055] Invention Concept 47: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 29 to 46, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

[0056] Inventive Concept 48: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 46, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. Wherein, the distal half of the frame is the upstream half of the frame. Among them, the multiple distal peaks are multiple upstream peaks. Wherein, the plurality of distal support cells among the plurality of support cells are plurality of upstream support cells among the plurality of support cells, located in the upstream half of the frame and respectively defining the plurality of upstream peaks. Wherein, the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells is the upstream peak of one of the plurality of upstream stent cells, and Wherein, the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut of one of the plurality of distal support cells are the first upstream support strut and the second upstream support strut of one of the plurality of upstream support cells, and are connected to the upstream peak.

[0057] Inventive Concept 49: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 29 to 46, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. Wherein, the distal half of the frame is the downstream half of the frame. Among them, the multiple distal peaks are multiple downstream peaks. Wherein, the plurality of distal stent cells among the plurality of stent cells are plurality of downstream stent cells, located in the downstream half of the frame and respectively defining the plurality of downstream peaks. Wherein, the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells is the downstream peak of one of the plurality of downstream stent cells, and Wherein, the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut of one of the plurality of distal support cells are the first downstream support strut and the second downstream support strut of one of the plurality of downstream support cells, and are connected to the downstream peak.

[0058] Invention Concept 50: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: A frame, defining a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame comprising a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells, the plurality of interconnected stent cells including: a first stent cell shaped to define: The two peaks consist of a distal peak and a proximal peak. Two side nodes, consisting of a left node and a right node. Two left support struts, comprising (a) a distal left support strut, joined to the distal peak and the left-side node, and (b) a proximal left support strut, joined to the proximal peak and the left-side node, and The two right support struts consist of (a) a distal right support strut, which is connected to the distal peak and the right node, and (b) a proximal right support strut, which is connected to the proximal peak and the right node; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; Electronic components are disposed at or near one of the plurality of peaks; and Coupled materials, shaped to define: (a) A first strip, mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of left support struts, (b) A second strip, mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of right support struts, and (c) A junction that couples the first stripe and the second stripe together. This causes the first and second bands to couple the electronic component to the frame together at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

[0059] Inventive Concept 51: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 50, wherein: the artificial heart valve includes a circuit system that includes the electronic components and is disposed at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

[0060] Inventive Concept 52: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 50, wherein the electronic component comprises electrodes.

[0061] Invention Concept 53: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 50, wherein the electronic component includes an energy storage module.

[0062] Inventive Concept 54: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 50, wherein: the first strip and the second strip together at or near one of the plurality of peaks couple the electronic component to the frame, at least partially located outside the first stent cell.

[0063] Invention Concept 55: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 50, wherein: the first strip and the second strip are mechanically coupled to at least one left stent among the plurality of left stent struts and at least one right stent among the plurality of right stent struts by sewing.

[0064] Invention Concept 56: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 50, wherein the junction of the coupling material is mechanically coupled to the frame at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

[0065] Inventive Concept 57: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 50, wherein: the length of the first strip is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one of the plurality of left stent struts.

[0066] Inventive Concept 58: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 57, wherein: the length of the first strip is greater than the length of at least one of the plurality of left stent struts.

[0067] Inventive Concept 59: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 50, wherein: the length of the second strip is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one of the plurality of right stent struts.

[0068] Inventive Concept 60: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 59, wherein: the length of the second strip is greater than the length of at least one of the plurality of right stent struts.

[0069] Invention Concept 61: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 50, wherein: the first strip is mechanically coupled to the left node.

[0070] Inventive Concept 62: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 61, wherein the first strip is mechanically coupled to the left node by sewing.

[0071] Invention Concept 63: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 50, wherein the second strip is mechanically coupled to the right-side node.

[0072] Inventive Concept 64: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 63, wherein the second strip is mechanically coupled to the right node by sewing.

[0073] Inventive Concept 65: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 50 to 64, wherein: The artificial heart valve further includes: electrical leads electrically coupled to the electronic components, and The first strip is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of the electrical lead.

[0074] Inventive Concept 66: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 65, wherein: The first strip includes an electrical insulating component. Wherein, at least a portion of the first electrically insulated lead wire.

[0075] Invention Concept 67: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 66, wherein: the first strip includes an extension of a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated with the electrical leads.

[0076] Inventive Concept 68, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 50 to 67, wherein: the frame further comprises: one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of stent cells.

[0077] Invention Concept 69: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 50 to 68, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

[0078] Inventive Concept 70: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 50 to 68, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The distal peak and the proximal peak are respectively the upstream peak and the downstream peak. The distal left support strut is the upstream left support strut. The proximal left support strut is the downstream left support strut. Wherein, the distal right support strut is the upstream right support strut, and The proximal right support strut is the downstream right support strut.

[0079] Inventive Concept 71: The artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 50 to 68, wherein: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The distal peak and the proximal peak are respectively the downstream peak and the upstream peak. The distal left support strut is the downstream left support strut. The proximal left support strut is the upstream left support strut. Wherein, the distal right support strut is the downstream right support strut, and The proximal right support strut is the upstream right support strut.

[0080] Invention Concept 72: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets, coupled to the frame, when the artificial heart valve is in the expanded deployment configuration, allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; The circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame; Electrodes, mechanically coupled to the frame; Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are shaped to define extensions; and Electrical leads electrically couple the electrodes to the circuit system and are integrated with the extension portion of the PCB. The extension of the PCB is mechanically coupled to some of the multiple interconnecting support struts of the frame.

[0081] Invention Concept 73: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the electrical leads are wrapped within the extension portion of the PCB.

[0082] Inventive Concept 74: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein: the extension of the PCB is oriented in a generally undulating shape along the plurality of interconnected stent struts.

[0083] Inventive Concept 75: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein the extension of the PCB is shaped to follow the path of the plurality of interconnected stent struts.

[0084] Invention Concept 76: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the general shape of the extension of the PCB is the same as that of the plurality of interconnecting stent struts.

[0085] Inventive Concept 77: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein: the length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is equal to 50% to 100% of the length of the frame measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

[0086] Invention Concept 78, an artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein: the length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is equal to 150% to 1000% of the maximum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB.

[0087] Invention Concept 79: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is 0.5 to 6 cm.

[0088] Invention Concept 80, an artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein: the length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion of the PCB and the electrode is equal to 50% to 100% of the length of the frame measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

[0089] Inventive Concept 81: The artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein: the length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion of the PCB and the electrode is equal to 150% to 1000% of the maximum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB.

[0090] Invention Concept 82: The artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion and the electrode on the PCB is 0.5 to 6 cm.

[0091] Inventive Concept 83: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein the width of the extension of the PCB is 0.4 to 1.5 mm, and the width is perpendicular to the thickness of the PCB.

[0092] Invention Concept 84: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein: the width of the extension of the PCB is equal to 20% to 120% of the minimum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB perpendicular to the thickness of the circuit system portion, the width being perpendicular to the thickness of the PCB.

[0093] Inventive Concept 85: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 72, wherein the electrode is mechanically coupled to the frame at the distal peak or proximal location of the most distal stent cell among the plurality of stent cells.

[0094] Invention Concept 86: The artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein: the cross-section of the stent strut and the extension of the PCB taken perpendicular to their respective longitudinal axes is rectangular.

[0095] Invention Concept 87: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the stent strut to the thickness of the electrical lead is 5 to 15.

[0096] Invention Concept 88: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 72, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the stent strut to the thickness of the extension portion of the PCB is 2 to 5.

[0097] Inventive Concept 89: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 72 to 88, wherein: the circuit system comprises (a) a circuit system portion of the PCB, distinct from the extension portion of the PCB, (b) a plurality of traces of the PCB, (c) a plurality of conductive pads of the PCB, and (d) a plurality of electronic components coupled to the PCB.

[0098] Inventive Concept 90, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 89, wherein: The circuit system section of the PCB is the first circuit system section of the PCB, and The PCB forming is defined as follows: The second circuit system section includes one or more electronic components, and An extension circuit system connection portion connects the first circuit system portion to the second circuit system portion, and includes electrical leads integrated with the extension circuit system connection portion.

[0099] Inventive Concept 91: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 90, wherein: the extension circuit system connection is circumferentially oriented around the circumferential portion of the frame.

[0100] Invention Concept 92, the artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 90, wherein: the one or more electronic components of the second circuit system include an energy storage module.

[0101] Invention Concept 93: The artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 89, wherein the circuit system portion of the PCB is an end portion of the PCB.

[0102] Inventive Concept 94: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 89, wherein the extension portion of the PCB extends directly from the circuit system portion of the PCB.

[0103] Invention Concept 95: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 89, wherein the extension portion of the PCB is integrated with the circuit system portion of the PCB.

[0104] Invention Concept 96: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 95, wherein: the electrical leads are manufactured as traces of the extension portion of the PCB and connected to one or more traces of the PCB, and one or more traces of the PCB are part of the circuit system.

[0105] Inventive Concept 97, the artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 72 to 88, wherein: The extension of the PCB is mechanically coupled to some of the multiple interconnecting support struts of the frame by means of stitching, and The extension portion of the PCB is shaped to define a plurality of protrusions along the extension portion, the plurality of protrusions inhibiting the seam from sliding along the extension portion, such that the seam securely fixes the extension portion of the PCB to the support strut.

[0106] Inventive Concept 98, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 97, wherein: the plurality of protrusions project laterally from the extension of the PCB through a plane defined by the PCB.

[0107] Inventive Concept 99, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 98, wherein: in a single direction, the average distance by which the lateral protrusions of the plurality of protrusions extend beyond the non-protruding portion of the extension is equal to 20% to 100% of the width of the extension of the PCB at each of the plurality of protrusions along the width of the extension, the average distance and the plurality of widths being measured in the plane defined by the PCB.

[0108] Inventive Concept 100, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 72 to 88, wherein: the extension portion of the PCB bifurcates to define a main extension portion and two or more bifurcated extension portions.

[0109] Inventive Concept 101, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 100, wherein: the electrical leads are bifurcated to define a main portion and two or more bifurcated portions integrated with each of the plurality of bifurcated extension portions of the extension portion of the PCB.

[0110] Invention Concept 102: An artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 100, wherein: the electrical lead is one of a plurality of electrical leads, the plurality of electrical leads being partially integrated with the main extension of the extension portion of the PCB, and partially integrated with each of the plurality of branch extension portions of the extension portion of the PCB.

[0111] Inventive Concept 103: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 72 to 102, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

[0112] Inventive Concept 104: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 103, wherein: the circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0113] Inventive Concept 105: An artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 72 to 102, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

[0114] Inventive Concept 106: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 105, wherein: the circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0115] Invention Concept 107: An artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve comprises: A frame that defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is in the compression delivery configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets, coupled to the frame, to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration; and An antenna, mechanically coupled to the frame, the antenna comprising: Magnetic core; and One or more coils are wound around the magnetic core. Wherein, at at least one location along the length of the magnetic core, in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the frame, the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter of the magnetic core has: (a) The shorter dimension, measured along a ray, wherein the ray (i) radiates radially outward from the central longitudinal axis and (ii) intersects the centroid defined by the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter, and (b) The longer dimension, measured in the plane perpendicular to the shorter dimension, and being at least 150% of the shorter dimension.

[0116] Inventive Concept 108, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 107, wherein: the longer dimension is at least 175% of the shorter dimension.

[0117] Inventive Concept 109, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 108, wherein: the longer dimension is at least 200% of the shorter dimension.

[0118] 1. Inventive Concept 10: The artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 108, wherein: the longer dimension does not exceed 400% of the shorter dimension.

[0119] Inventive Concept 111: The artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 107, wherein: the longer dimension does not exceed 350% of the shorter dimension.

[0120] Inventive Concept 112, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 107, wherein: the central longitudinal axis intersects the plane defined by the outer perimeter of the outer side of the planar space.

[0121] Inventive Concept 113, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 107, wherein: The outer surface of the magnetic core is shaped to define axially oriented grooves. Wherein, at least one of the one or more coils comprises a wire, and The straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axial orientation groove to pass from the first axial end of at least one of the plurality of coils to the second axial end.

[0122] Inventive Concept 114, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 107, further comprising: Cathode and anode, mechanically coupled to the frame; and The circuit system is electrically coupled to the cathode, the anode, and the one or more coils.

[0123] Inventive Concept 115, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 114, wherein: the outer perimeter of the magnetic core is radially outwardly concave relative to the central longitudinal axis, the radially outwardly including: the point on the outer perimeter furthest from the central longitudinal axis.

[0124] Inventive Concept 116, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 115, wherein the maximum radially outward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter of the magnetic core is 1 to 5 millimeters.

[0125] Inventive Concept 117, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 115, wherein: the maximum radially outward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter of the magnetic core is 0.3 to 1.6 times the longer dimension.

[0126] Inventive Concept 118, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 115, wherein: the radially inward direction of the outer perimeter is flat, and the radially inward direction includes: the point on the outer perimeter that is closest to the central longitudinal axis.

[0127] Inventive Concept 119, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 115, wherein: the outer perimeter is radially concave inward relative to the central longitudinal axis, the radially inward including: one or more points on the outer perimeter closest to the central longitudinal axis.

[0128] Invention Concept 120, an artificial heart valve as described in Invention Concept 119, wherein: the maximum radial inward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter is lower than the maximum radial outward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter.

[0129] Inventive Concept 121, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 119, wherein: the radially outward curvature of the outer perimeter includes: a circular arc portion.

[0130] Inventive Concept 122: The artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 121, wherein the arcuate portion has a measurement of 45 to 180 degrees.

[0131] Inventive Concept 123: The artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 122, wherein the measurement is 60 to 120 degrees.

[0132] Inventive Concept 124, the artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 114, wherein: The magnetic core is shaped to define the cavity, and The artificial heart valve further includes: a circuit system, at least partially disposed in the cavity, and electrically coupled to the one or more coils.

[0133] Inventive Concept 125: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 124, wherein the circuitry is entirely disposed within the cavity.

[0134] Inventive Concept 126: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 124, wherein the average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is 100 to 500 micrometers.

[0135] Inventive Concept 127, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 124, wherein: the average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is equal to 0.05 to 0.4 times the shorter dimension.

[0136] Inventive Concept 128, the artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 114, wherein: The magnetic core is elongated. Wherein, the one or more coils include: The first coil, the second coil, and the third coil are wound around the slender magnetic core such that: The first coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the first coil, which coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core. The second coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the second coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first coil. The third coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the third coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first coil and the second coil. The second coil and the third coil intersect each other at the two longitudinal ends of the elongated magnetic core. The second coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core, or are defined at an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core.

[0137] Inventive Concept 129, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 128, wherein: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core, or are defined at an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core.

[0138] Inventive Concept 130, an artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 128, wherein: the two longer sides intersect the first coil at a plurality of first positions, and each of the plurality of first positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

[0139] Inventive Concept 131: An artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 130, wherein: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil intersect the first coil at a plurality of second positions, and each of the plurality of second positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

[0140] Inventive Concept 132, the artificial heart valve as described in Inventive Concept 128, wherein: The outer surface of the elongated magnetic core is shaped to define axially oriented grooves. The first coil includes a wire, and The straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axial orientation groove to pass from the first axial end of the first coil to the second axial end.

[0141] Inventive Concept 133, the artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 132, wherein: the frame further comprises: one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of stent cells.

[0142] Invention Concept 134: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 107 to 133, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

[0143] Inventive Concept 135, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 133, wherein: the artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve, and wherein the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0144] Inventive Concept 136, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 133, wherein: the artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve, and wherein the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0145] Inventive Concept 137, an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 107 to 133, wherein: the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0146] Invention Concept 138: An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of Invention Concepts 107 to 137, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: an external unit, The one or more coils are one or more artificial valve coils, and The external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and includes: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling.

[0147] Invention Concept 139: A device comprising an implantable medical device, wherein: the device comprises: Antenna, comprising: The magnetic core is shaped to define the cavity; and One or more coils are wound around the magnetic core; and A circuit system, at least partially disposed in the cavity, and electrically coupled to the one or more coils.

[0148] Inventive Concept 140, the device as described in Inventive Concept 139, wherein: the circuit system is entirely disposed within the cavity.

[0149] Inventive Concept 141, the device as described in Inventive Concept 139, wherein the average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is 100 to 500 micrometers.

[0150] Inventive Concept 142, the device as described in Inventive Concept 139, further comprising: a cathode and an anode electrically coupled to the circuit system.

[0151] Inventive Concept 143, the device as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 139 to 142, wherein: the implantable medical device comprises: an artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, the artificial heart valve comprising: The frame comprises: multiple interconnecting support struts arranged to define multiple interconnecting support cells; and Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame.

[0152] Inventive Concept 144, the device as described in Inventive Concept 143, wherein: the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets.

[0153] Inventive Concept 145, the device as described in Inventive Concept 143, wherein: In the compression delivery configuration of the artificial heart valve, the frame defines a central longitudinal axis, and Wherein, at at least one location along the length of the magnetic core, in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the frame, the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter of the magnetic core has: (a) The shorter dimension, measured along a ray, wherein the ray (i) radiates radially outward from the central longitudinal axis and (ii) intersects the centroid defined by the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter, and (b) The longer dimension, measured in the plane perpendicular to the shorter dimension, and being at least 150% of the shorter dimension.

[0154] Inventive Concept 146: An artificial valve system comprising the device described in Inventive Concept 143, wherein: the artificial valve system further comprises: an external unit, The one or more coils are one or more medical device coils, and The external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and includes: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transfer energy to at least one of the one or more medical device coils via inductive coupling.

[0155] Invention Concept 147: An artificial heart valve system comprising an artificial heart valve, configured to be delivered to a patient's heart in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve system comprises: frame; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. Multiple electrodes, including one or more cathodes and one or more anodes, are mechanically coupled to the frame; and A circuit system electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to apply pacing to the heart using a subset of the plurality of electrodes, the subset being less than all of the plurality of electrodes, and including: at least one cathode of the one or more cathodes, and at least one anode of the one or more anodes.

[0156] Inventive Concept 148, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 147, wherein: the artificial heart valve system is configured to select the subset of the plurality of electrodes by separately activating different combinations of the plurality of electrodes at different times and selecting the subset of the plurality of electrodes that provides the most effective pacing.

[0157] Inventive Concept 149, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 148, wherein: the artificial heart valve is configured to sense the ECG of the heart, and wherein the artificial heart valve system is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes based on the sensed ECG when the disparate combinations of the plurality of electrodes are activated separately at disparate times.

[0158] Inventive Concept 150, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 148, wherein: the artificial heart valve system is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes by separately activating dissimilar combinations of the plurality of electrodes before each pulse of pacing is applied by the circuit system.

[0159] Inventive Concept 151: An artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 148, wherein the circuitry of the artificial heart valve is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes.

[0160] Inventive Concept 152, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 148, wherein: the circuit system is an artificial aortic valve circuit system, and wherein the artificial heart valve system includes an external control cell, the external control cell including an external circuit system configured to select the subset of the plurality of electrodes.

[0161] Inventive Concept 153: An artificial heart valve system as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 147 to 152, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

[0162] Inventive Concept 154: An artificial heart valve system as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 147 to 152, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

[0163] Invention Concept 155: An artificial valve system for use with a guidewire, wherein: the artificial valve system comprises: (i) an artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration using the guidewire, and the artificial heart valve comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a plurality of artificial leaflets coupled to the frame; (c) a cathode and an anode mechanically coupled to the frame; and (d) an antenna comprising one or more artificial valve coils electrically communicating with the cathode and the anode; and (ii) An external unit configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and comprising: (a) Housing, shaped to define the guidewire receiving channel; (b) User control of rapid pacing; (c) Energy transfer coil; and (d) External unit control circuit system, configured as follows: The energy transfer coil is driven to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling, and The artificial heart valve is activated only when the rapid pacing user control is activated and the guidewire is positioned in the guidewire receiving channel of the housing to apply rapid pacing using the cathode and the anode.

[0164] Inventive Concept 156: The artificial valve system as described in Inventive Concept 155, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

[0165] Inventive Concept 157, the artificial valve system as described in Inventive Concept 155, wherein: the artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

[0166] Invention Concept 158: A device comprising an implantable medical device, wherein: the device comprises: Antenna, comprising: A slender core; and The first coil, the second coil, and the third coil are wound around the slender core such that: The first coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the first coil, which is aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core. The second coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the second coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first coil. The third coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the third coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first coil and the second coil. The second coil and the third coil intersect each other at the two longitudinal ends of the elongated core. The second coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core.

[0167] Inventive Concept 159, the device as described in Inventive Concept 158, wherein: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core.

[0168] Inventive Concept 160, the device as described in Inventive Concept 158, wherein: the two longer sides intersect the first coil at a plurality of first positions, and each of the plurality of first positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

[0169] Inventive Concept 161, the device as described in Inventive Concept 160, wherein: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil intersect the first coil at a plurality of second positions, and each of the plurality of second positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

[0170] Inventive Concept 162, the device as described in Inventive Concept 158, wherein: the outer surface of the elongated core is shaped to define an axially oriented groove, wherein the first coil includes a conductor, and wherein a straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axially oriented groove to pass from a first axial end of the first coil to a second axial end.

[0171] Invention Concept 163: An artificial heart valve system comprising an artificial heart valve, configured to be delivered to a patient's heart in a compression delivery configuration, wherein: the artificial heart valve system comprises: A frame comprising interconnected support cells, the interconnected support cells including: a plurality of distal support cells located in the distal half of the frame and shaped to define a plurality of distal peaks respectively; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. Multiple electrodes, including: multiple distal electrodes, mechanically coupled to the frame at or near each of the multiple distal peaks; and A circuit system electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to apply pacing to the heart by activating one or more of the plurality of distal electrodes as one or more anodes and activating one or more of the other plurality of distal electrodes as one or more cathodes.

[0172] Inventive Concept 164, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 163, wherein: the plurality of distal electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame at each of the plurality of distal peaks or within 8 mm.

[0173] Invention Concept 165, the artificial heart valve system as described in Invention Concept 163, wherein: the plurality of distal stent cells are the plurality of the most distal stent cells among the plurality of stent cells.

[0174] Inventive Concept 166, an artificial heart valve system as described in Inventive Concept 163, wherein: the plurality of distal peaks are respectively a plurality of upstream peaks, and wherein the plurality of distal electrodes are a plurality of upstream electrodes, the plurality of upstream electrodes being mechanically coupled to the frame at or near each of the plurality of upstream peaks.

[0175] Inventive Concept 167: An artificial heart valve system as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 163 to 166, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

[0176] Inventive Concept 168: An artificial heart valve system as described in any one of Inventive Concepts 163 to 166, wherein the artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

[0177] The present invention will be more fully understood through the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0178] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of an artificial aortic valve according to one application of the present invention; Figure 2 An artificial valve system according to an application of the present invention and implanted into a patient's body. Figures 1A to 1B A schematic diagram of the artificial aortic valve described above; Figures 3A to 3C This is a schematic diagram of a printed circuit board (PCB), electrical leads, and multiple electrodes according to an application of the present invention. Figure 3D For one application of the present invention Figures 1A to 1B A portion of the artificial aortic valve and a stent strut coupled to the artificial aortic valve. Figures 3A to 3C A schematic diagram of the PCB described above; Figure 3E and Figure 3F For their respective applications according to the invention Figures 3A to 3C A schematic diagram of the additional configuration of the PCB; Figure 3G For one application of the present invention Figures 1A to 1B Another configuration of the framework of the artificial aortic valve and the coupling to the framework. Figures 3A to 3C A schematic diagram of the PCB described above; Figure 3H For one application of the present invention Figures 3A to 3C A schematic diagram of another configuration of the PCB described above; Figure 4 For one application of the invention, a compression conveying configuration in a conveying sheath. Figures 1A to 1B A schematic diagram of a portion of the artificial aortic valve; Figures 5A to 5B A schematic diagram of the magnetic core of an antenna according to one application of the present invention; Figures 6A to 6B For one application of the present invention Figures 5A to 5B A schematic diagram of another configuration of the magnetic core of the antenna; Figure 7 For one application of the present invention Figures 5A to 5B A schematic diagram of yet another configuration of the magnetic core of the antenna; Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of another antenna according to the respective applications of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an artificial atrioventricular valve according to an application of the present invention; Figure 10 According to one application of the invention, during the expansion and deployment configuration of the artificial aortic valve... Figures 1A to 1B A schematic diagram of the framework of the artificial aortic valve; and Figure 11 For the inclusion of one application according to the present invention Figures 1A to 1B A schematic diagram of the external control unit of the artificial valve system of the artificial aortic valve. Detailed Implementation

[0179] Reference Figure 1A and Figure 1BThis is a schematic diagram of an artificial aortic valve 20 according to an application of the present invention. For clarity of illustration, in Figure 1B Only the closest half of the artificial aortic valve 20 is shown.

[0180] Also refer to Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an artificial valve system 10 according to an application of the present invention and an artificial aortic valve 20 implanted in a patient's body. The artificial valve system 10 further includes: a delivery system 18, typically comprising a delivery sheath 12 and used in conjunction with a guidewire 14. The delivery system 18 typically further includes: a user control handle 25 disposed at (and optionally coupled to) a proximal portion 29 of the delivery sheath 12. The opposite free end of the delivery sheath 12 is thus a distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12. The artificial aortic valve 20 is typically configured to be delivered in a compressed delivery configuration within the delivery sheath 12 to a patient's autologous aortic valve 16. The distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12 may be a conventional tube, for example, as shown in the figure. Alternatively, the distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12 may further include: a capsule movable distally relative to the remainder of the delivery sheath 12 during deployment. All or part of the artificial aortic valve 20 may be accommodated in said capsule. As used herein, including in the claims and inventive concepts, in a configuration where the distal end 31 includes a cassette (or other type of bracket), the distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12 refers to the combination of the sheath and the conventional tubular portion of the cassette. The cassette is described by way of example, not limitation, in U.S. Patent 10,888,421 to Hariton et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0181] Typically, the artificial aortic valve 20 is deployed using imaging techniques such as fluorescence fluoroscopy, and if necessary during the deployment, the artificial aortic valve 20 is rotated such that the cathode 54 is positioned against tissue on the valve annulus near the His bundle tissue.

[0182] exist Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 2The artificial aortic valve 20 shown is in an expanded configuration. In this expanded deployment configuration, the frame 30 defines a central longitudinal axis 60. The artificial aortic valve 20 has an upstream end 22 and a downstream end 24. The downstream end 24 can also be a proximal end 26, and the upstream end 22 can also be a distal end 27, for example, because the proximal end 26 can be located more proximal to the distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12 than the distal end 27; in other words, the proximal end 26 is closer to the proximal portion 29 of the delivery sheath 12 than the distal end 27. For some applications, as shown, the proximal end 26 is configured to couple to a delivery system 18 (e.g., shaped to define a delivery tool coupling tongue 220, configured to detachably couple the frame 30 (and thus the artificial aortic valve 20) to the delivery system 18, for example, the delivery axis of the delivery system 18, as described below). For other applications (configurations not shown), the distal end 27 is configured to be coupled to the delivery system 18, such as the bladder of the distal end 31 of the delivery sheath 12, as described above.

[0183] Artificial aortic valve 20 includes: •Frame 30; • Multiple artificial leaflets 32, coupled to the frame 30, to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial aortic valve 20 is in the expanded deployment configuration, such as Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 2 As shown; • Antenna 28, mechanically coupled to frame 30, said antenna 28 includes one or more artificial valve coils 36; • One or more electrodes 34, such as cathode 54 and anode 56, are coupled to frame 30; and • Optionally, the circuit system 40 is electrically coupled to the cathode 54, the anode 56, and the one or more artificial valve coils 36.

[0184] Typically, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply pacing to the heart using one or more electrodes 34. For example, the pacing may be applied temporarily for several weeks after implantation of the artificial aortic valve 20 (e.g., one month after implantation), typically with continuous power supplied by an external control unit, such as an external control unit 400, as described below and referred to. Figure 11 .

[0185] Alternatively, for some applications where pacing is applied for an extended period, the artificial valve system 10 may include an energy storage module, such as a battery. For example, the artificial aortic valve 20 may further include the energy storage module, such as a battery, which can be periodically charged using the external control unit, eliminating the need for the patient to continuously wear an external power transmitter. Alternatively or supplementarily, the artificial valve system 10 may include an implantable energy storage module, such as a battery (e.g., a rechargeable battery); for example, the energy storage module may be percutaneously implanted. The implantable energy storage unit can provide power to the artificial aortic valve 20 wirelessly and / or via wired means. For example, the pacing may involve continuously sensing the heart's own electrical signals and delivering electrical stimulation (“VVI pacing”) when the own signals are insufficient to achieve timely ventricular contraction.

[0186] Furthermore, as an alternative or supplement, for some applications, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply rapid pacing during invasive structural cardiac surgery, such as implantation surgery, such as TAVR surgery in TAVR, wherein the first TAVR includes an artificial aortic valve 20.

[0187] For some applications, the artificial aortic valve 20 is configured to sense an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient's heart. The circuitry 40 may be configured to sense the ECG, or a separate circuitry setup may be used to sense the ECG. The ECG sensing may be performed using all or a subset of the plurality of electrodes 34, and / or one or more separate electrode setups may be used to perform the ECG sensing.

[0188] Each of the one or more artificial valve coils 36 includes an electrical conductor covered with an electrically insulating element.

[0189] Frame 30 typically includes supports or other structures, usually self-expanding, and can be formed by laser cutting or etching of a metal alloy tube, for example, comprising stainless steel or shape memory materials such as nickel-titanium alloy. For some applications, frame 30 includes interconnecting support struts 190 arranged to define interconnecting support cells 192. Optionally, the interconnecting support cells 192 are typically diamond-shaped, as shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0190] Typically, adjacent pairs of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 are attached to each other at their lateral ends to form a suture, and the free edges of the plurality of artificial leaflets form intersecting mating edges. The plurality of artificial leaflets 32 typically comprise sheets of animal pericardial tissue, such as porcine pericardial tissue, or sheets of synthetic or polymeric materials. Optionally, the artificial aortic valve 20 further comprises a skirt.

[0191] For some applications, the thickness of the cathode 54 is at least 10 micrometers and no more than 200 micrometers, and / or between 10 and 200 micrometers, for example, about 50 micrometers, and / or the surface area of ​​the cathode 54 is at least 0.5 square millimeters, for example, at least 1 square millimeter; no more than 20 square millimeters; and / or 0.5 to 20 square millimeters, such as 1 to 20 square millimeters, to provide appropriate stimulation. For some applications, the cathode 54 is coated with titanium nitride (TiN).

[0192] Typically, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 30 near the proximal side (e.g., downstream) of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32, as shown. Alternatively, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 30 at the distal side of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32, or at least partially axially coincident with the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 (configuration not shown).

[0193] Reference Figures 1A to 1B For some applications: • The first nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A and the second nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B of the circumferentially adjacent interconnecting support cell 192 (marked in Figure 1B And preferably presented in Figure 10 (as described below) • The first nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A includes a right nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support strut 230A of the interconnecting support strut 190, the right nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support strut 230A extending between cell junction 210 and a first nearest-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204A defined by the first nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A, and • The second nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B includes a left nearest side (e.g., downstream) support 230B of the interconnecting support strut 190, which extends between cell junction 210 and a second nearest side (e.g., downstream) peak 204B defined by the second nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B.

[0194] For some applications, the artificial aortic valve 20 further includes a flexible flap 62 mechanically coupled to a right proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230A and a left proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230B. Optionally, the flexible flap 62 is mechanically coupled to the right proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230A and the left proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230B by sewing, as shown in the figure; alternatively or additionally, the flexible flap 62 is mechanically coupled to the right proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230A and the left proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230B using alternative coupling techniques known in the art.

[0195] The flexible sheet 62 may comprise, for example, a polymer (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)) or biological tissue, such as a pericardial sheet. Optionally, the material of the flexible sheet 62 is woven. Optionally, the material of the flexible sheet 62 comprises fabric. The flexible sheet 62 is folded together with the artificial aortic valve 20 when loaded in the delivery sheath 12.

[0196] Antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 30 by at least partial mechanical coupling to flexible sheet 62 between right proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230A and left proximal (e.g., downstream) strut 230B. Optionally, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to flexible sheet 62 by stitching, as shown; alternatively or supplementarily, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to flexible sheet 62 using alternative coupling techniques known in the art. (Because...) Figure 1B The flexible flap 62 and antenna 28 are shown from the outside of the artificial aortic valve 20, thus the flexible flap 62 partially shields the antenna 28. Optionally, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 30, at least in part, via mechanical coupling to cell contact 210.

[0197] For some applications, the area of ​​the flexible sheet 62 is 25 to 100 square millimeters.

[0198] For some applications, the flexible sheet 62 is coupled only to one or more interconnected support struts 190 of each of the first nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A and the second nearest side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B, and is not coupled to any of the interconnected support struts 190 of the other support cells of the frame 30.

[0199] For some applications, the flexible sheet 62 has three sides.

[0200] Typically, the flexible sheet 62 is separated from and distinguished from the materials of the multiple artificial leaflets 32.

[0201] Now refer to Figures 3A to 3C This is a schematic diagram of a printed circuit board (PCB) 92, electrical leads 90, and a plurality of electrodes 34 according to an application of the present invention. The PCB 92 typically comprises a polymer, such as polyimide known in the PCB industry. The PCB 92 is typically flexible.

[0202] Also refer to Figure 3D This is a schematic diagram of a portion of an artificial aortic valve 20 according to an application of the present invention and a PCB 92 coupled to a stent strut 190.

[0203] Further reference Figure 3E and Figure 3F This is a schematic diagram of an additional configuration of PCB 92 according to the respective applications of the present invention.

[0204] Further reference is still needed. Figure 3G This is a schematic diagram of a frame 30 of an artificial aortic valve 20 according to one application of the present invention and another configuration of a PCB 92 coupled to the frame 30.

[0205] Additional References Figure 3H This is a schematic diagram of another configuration of PCB 92 according to an application of the present invention.

[0206] Figures 3A to 3C , Figures 3E to 3F ,as well as Figure 3H The components of the artificial aortic valve 20 before assembly are shown, and Figure 3D and Figure 3G These components are shown after the artificial aortic valve 20 has been assembled. For clarity of illustration, Figure 3G The plurality of leaflets 32 are not shown, although in practice the plurality of leaflets 32 are provided.

[0207] exist Figures 3A to 3F and Figure 3H (and Figures 1A to 1B In some configurations shown in the diagram, multiple distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 in interconnect support cells 192 are located in the distal (e.g., upstream) half of frame 30 and each defines a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) peaks 72. At least one electrode 34, such as cathode 54 (as shown in the diagram) or anode 56 (configuration not shown), is disposed at or near (e.g., within 8 mm) the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 of one of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 (therefore referred to herein as distal (e.g., upstream) electrode 34). A first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A and a second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B of the one of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 74 are engaged with the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 (in the diagram). Figure 3DThe distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 is obscured, but can be seen in the adjacent multiple support cells. Optionally, as shown, the multiple distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 in the multiple support cells 192 are multiple farthest (e.g., upstream) support cells in the multiple support cells 192, and the one distal (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in the multiple distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 is one farthest (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in the multiple support cells 192. Alternatively, the multiple distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 in the multiple support cells 192 are not multiple farthest (e.g., upstream) support cells in the multiple support cells 192, and the one distal (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in the multiple distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 is not one farthest (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in the multiple support cells 192 (configuration not shown).

[0208] exist Figures 3A to 3F and Figure 3H (and Figures 1A to 1B In some of the configurations shown in the diagram, at least one electrode 34, such as anode 56 (as shown in the diagram) or cathode 54 (unmarked configuration), is disposed in a proximal (e.g., downstream) portion of frame 30, such as (a) the proximal (e.g., downstream) half of frame 30, (b) a portion of frame 30 at the proximal (e.g., downstream) location of a plurality of artificial leaflets 32, and / or (c) a portion of frame defined by two rows of nearest-side (e.g., most downstream) support cells. This at least one electrode 34 is hereby referred to as a proximal (e.g., downstream) electrode 34.

[0209] exist Figures 3A to 3F and Figure 3H In some of the configurations shown, the artificial aortic valve 20 further includes: a coupling material 80, shaped to define: • The first strip 82A is mechanically coupled to the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A. • The second strip 82B is mechanically coupled to the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B, and • Contact 84 couples the first tape 82A and the second tape 82B together. The first band 82A and the second band 82B together couple the electrode 34, such as the cathode 54, to the frame 30 at the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 or nearby (e.g., within 8 mm). Using the first band 82A and the second band 82B in this configuration to couple the electrode 34 to the frame 30 generally helps to stabilize the electrode 34 relative to the frame 30 during the expansion of the frame 30 from its compressed elongated state, and during multiple cardiac cycles after implantation of the frame 30.

[0210] Optionally, the first strip 82A and the second strip 82B are integrally joined at the junction 84, for example, formed integrally from a single piece of material (as shown); alternatively, the first strip 82A and the second strip 82B comprise discrete sheets of material (configurations not shown) coupled together at the junction 84. The first strip 82A may be mechanically coupled to any surface of a first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A, and the second strip 82B may be mechanically coupled to any surface of a second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B.

[0211] For some applications, the first strip 82A and the second strip 82B are mechanically coupled to the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A and the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B by sewing, as shown in the figure (for this purpose, the first strip 82A and the second strip 82B may include sewing holes, as shown in the figure).

[0212] For some applications, the junction 84 of the coupling material 80 is mechanically coupled to the frame 30 at the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 or close (e.g., within 5 mm).

[0213] For some applications: • The length of the first strip 82A is at least 50% of the length of the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A; for example, the length of the first strip 82A may be greater than the length of the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A, such as at least 120% of the length of the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A (which may help mechanically couple the first strip 82A to the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A), and / or • The length of the second strip 82B is equal to at least 50%, such as at least 75%, of the length of the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B, for example, 100% of the length of the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B, and / or does not exceed 100% of the length of the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B.

[0214] For some applications, one of the distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 74 in a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 is a first distal (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70, and the first distal (e.g., upstream) support cell 74 in a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70 is engaged at cell junction 86 (node) to a circumferentially adjacent second distal (e.g., upstream) support cell 88 in a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) support cells 70. A second strip 82B is mechanically coupled to cell junction 86 by sewing, as shown (for this purpose, the second strip 82B may include sewing holes, as shown).

[0215] For some applications, the artificial aortic valve 20 further includes: an electrical lead 90 (in... Figure 3A (Schematably shown in the enlarged view), electrically coupled to electrode 34 (and typically also coupled to circuit system 40, if provided). The first strip 82A is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of electrical lead 90.

[0216] In some of these applications, the first strip 82A includes an electrically insulating element, and at least a portion of the first strip 82A electrically insulates the lead 90 (such that the first strip 82A and the lead 90 together provide electrode leads). In some of these applications, the first strip 82A includes an extension 91 of the PCB 92, integrated with the lead 90 (e.g., wrapped within the PCB 92, such as by lamination, or disposed on the outer surface of the PCB 92 and electrically insulated). Typically, the lead 90 includes traces (also referred to as conductive traces) of the PCB 92. In this configuration, the PCB 92 typically also defines the second strip 82B and the contact 84 of the coupling material 80. Although the extension 91 of the PCB 92 is shown oriented in a generally distal to proximal (e.g., upstream to downstream) direction, the extension 91 of the PCB 92 may also be at least partially oriented in a circumferential (angular) direction around a portion of the frame 30, such as... Figure 3H As shown, PCB 92 is shaped to define an extension of marking 91 that is generally oriented from the far side to the near side (e.g., upstream to downstream), and an extension of circumferential orientation (angular orientation) oriented around the circumferential (angular) portion of the frame 30 (horizontal in the figure).

[0217] Alternatively, the first strip 82A is non-electrically insulated, in which case the electrical lead 90 can be electrically insulated by separate electrical insulators.

[0218] For some applications, the first strip 82A and the second strip 82B are external first strip 82A and external second strip 82B, respectively mechanically coupled to the radially outward (relative to the central longitudinal axis 60 of the frame 30) sides of the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A and the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B. The coupling material 80 is shaped to further define: • The first inner strip 94A is mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the first distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76A, and • The inner second strip 94B is mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the second distal (e.g., upstream) support strut 76B.

[0219] The junction 84 of the coupling material 80 couples the outer first strip 82A, the outer second strip 82B, the inner first strip 94A, and the inner second strip 94B together. The outer first strip 82A, the outer second strip 82B, the inner first strip 94A, and the inner second strip 94B together couple the electrode 34 to the frame 30 at or near the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72.

[0220] For some of these applications, the junction 84 of the coupling material 80 is folded over the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72, such as... Figures 3C to 3D As shown in the figure. Optionally, the folded contact 84 may be mechanically coupled to the frame 30 at the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 or proximal by sewing, as shown (for this purpose, contact 84 may include a sewing hole 95, as shown). Before folding, during the assembly of the artificial aortic valve 20, contact 84 may be generally X-shaped, as shown. Figures 3A to 3B As shown. In Figure 3A The enlarged diagram shows the zigzag line 93.

[0221] Still refer to Figures 3A to 3D And refer again Figures 1A to 1B For some applications, the electrical lead 90 is integrated with the extension 91 of the PCB 92, and the electrical lead 90 electrically couples one or more electrodes 34 to the circuit system 40 (in... Figure 3A The enlarged diagram schematically shows the electrical lead 90. (For example...) Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 3D As shown, the extension 91 of PCB 92 is mechanically coupled to some of the interconnecting support struts 190 of frame 30 by means of stitching with suture 96. The extension 91 of PCB 92 thus functions to provide electrical insulation to the electrical leads 90 and to facilitate the coupling of the electrical leads 90 to the support struts 190. This enclosure of the electrical leads 90 in the extension 91 of PCB 92 can be combined with the reference as described above. Figures 3A to 3D The aforementioned technical implementations for mechanically coupling the contact 84 to the frame 30 at the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 72 or nearby, or independent of these technical implementations.

[0222] As described above, for some applications, the electrical lead 90 is integrated with the extension 91 of the PCB 92, and the electrical lead 90 electrically couples one or more electrodes 34 to the circuit system 40. For some of these applications, the one or more electrodes 34 are mechanically coupled to the frame 30. • Downstream of multiple artificial leaflets 32 and / or in the proximal (e.g., downstream) half of the frame 30, such as Figures 1A to 1B As shown in Figure 56, and / or • Upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32, optionally at the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) peaks 72 of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) stent cells 70 of the plurality of stent cells 192 or nearby (e.g., within 8 mm).

[0223] In any of these configurations, the one or more electrodes 34 may be directly coupled to the frame 30, or indirectly coupled to the frame 30 via an extension 91 of the PCB 92, and then directly coupled to the frame 30. Additionally, in any of these configurations, the circuitry 40 may be mechanically coupled to the frame 30 proximal to (e.g., downstream) the plurality of artificial leaflets 32.

[0224] For some applications, the extension 91 of PCB 92 follows a shape that generally undulates along the interconnect support strut 190, such as... Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 3D As shown.

[0225] As an alternative or supplement, for some applications, the extension 91 of PCB 92 is shaped to follow the path of interconnect bracket strut 190, such as... Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 3D As shown, and / or having a generally similar shape to the interconnecting support strut 190, and as... Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 3D As shown.

[0226] For some applications, the extension 91 of PCB 92 has one or more of the following lengths: • At least 50% and no more than 100% of the length of frame 30, and / or 50% to 100%, measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of frame 30 (indicated in... Figures 1A to 1B middle), • The maximum dimension of the circuit system section 100 of PCB 92 is at least 150% and no more than 1000%, and / or 150% to 1000% (in a configuration where the circuit system section 100 is elongated, the maximum dimension may be equal to the length of the long side 105 of the circuit system section 100, indicated in Figure 3C (in Chinese), and / or • At least 0.5 cm, not more than 6 cm, and / or 0.5 to 6 cm, such as at least 0.5 cm, not more than 4 cm, and / or 0.5 to 4 cm (e.g., for an artificial aortic valve 20), or at least 1.5 cm, not more than 6 cm, and / or 1.5 to 6 cm (e.g., for a mitral or tricuspid valve, as described below and referring to…) Figure 9 ).

[0227] All the aforementioned lengths of the extension 91 are measured as a straight line between the endpoints of the extension 91, even in configurations where the extension 91 includes multiple bends.

[0228] As an alternative or supplement, for some applications, the extension 91 has one or more of the following lengths in the portion between (a) the circuit system portion 100 of the PCB 92 and (b) the closest electrode 34 of the one or more electrodes 34 coupled to the circuit system 40 via electrical leads 90: • At least 50% and no more than 100% of the length of frame 30, and / or 50% to 100%, measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of frame 30 (indicated in... Figures 1A to 1B middle), • The maximum dimension of the circuit system section 100 of PCB 92 is at least 150% and no more than 1000%, and / or 150% to 1000% (in a configuration where the circuit system section 100 is elongated, the maximum dimension may be equal to the length of the long side 105 of the circuit system section 100, indicated in Figure 3C (in Chinese), and / or • At least 0.5 cm, not more than 6 cm, and / or 0.5 to 6 cm, such as at least 0.5 cm, not more than 4 cm, and / or 0.5 to 4 cm (e.g., for a configuration where the nearest electrode 34 is located on the proximal side (e.g., downstream) of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 and / or on the proximal side (e.g., downstream) half of the frame 30), or at least 1.5 cm, not more than 6 cm, and / or 1.5 to 6 cm (e.g., for a configuration where the nearest electrode 34 is located on the distal side (e.g., upstream) of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32).

[0229] All the aforementioned lengths of the extension 91 are measured as a straight line between the endpoints of the extension 91, even in configurations where the extension 91 includes multiple bends.

[0230] For some applications, the extension 91 of PCB 92 has one or more widths (perpendicular to the thickness of PCB 92): • At least 0.4 mm, not exceeding 1.5 mm, and / or 0.4 to 1.5 mm, and / or • At least 20% and no more than 120% of the minimum dimension of the circuit system section 100 of PCB 92, and / or 20% to 120%, said minimum dimension being perpendicular to the thickness of the circuit system section 100 (in a configuration where the circuit system section 100 is elongated, said minimum dimension may be measured perpendicular to the long side 105 of the circuit system section 100, indicated on...). Figure 3C middle).

[0231] As described above, the electrical lead 90 is coupled to the electrode 34. For some applications, the electrical lead 90 is coupled to the cathode 54; however, for other applications, the electrical lead 90 is coupled to the anode 56. Optionally, more than one electrical lead 90 is integrated with the extension 91 of the PCB 92. In this case, the first electrical lead 90 of the plurality of electrical leads 90 may be coupled to the cathode 54, and the second electrical lead 90 of the plurality of electrical leads 90 may be coupled to the anode 56.

[0232] Optionally, the plurality of electrical leads 90 are integrated with corresponding plurality of extensions of the PCB 92, as described below and with reference to Figure 3E and Figure 3F .

[0233] Optionally, one or more electrodes 34, such as one or more cathodes 54 and / or one or more anodes 56, are formed to be integrated with the PCB 92.

[0234] Typically, the cross-sections of the support strut 190 and the extension 91 of the PCB 92, taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the support strut and the extension, are rectangular. Typically, the electrical leads 90 also have rectangular cross-sections, or trapezoidal cross-sections. These rectangular cross-sections allow for flush coupling and / or good crimping between the extension 91 and the support strut 190.

[0235] For some applications: • The thickness of the support strut 190 is at least 150 micrometers, such as at least 300 micrometers; not exceeding 500 micrometers; and / or 150 to 500 micrometers, such as 300 to 500 micrometers. • The width of the support strut 190 is 200 to 700 micrometers. The ratio of the width to the thickness of the support strut 190 is between 0.5 and 2. • The thickness of the electrical lead 90 is 5 to 80 micrometers, for example, 50 micrometers. • The width of the electrical lead 90 is 50 to 300 micrometers. The ratio of the width to the thickness of the electrical lead 90 is between 5 and 50. • The thickness of the extension 91 of PCB 92 is at least 50 micrometers and not more than 150 micrometers, and / or 50 to 150 micrometers, and / or • The width of the extension 91 of PCB 92 is 300 to 1500 micrometers, and / or The ratio of the width to the thickness of the extension 91 of PCB 92 is 3 to 20.

[0236] As an alternative or supplement, for some applications: • The ratio of the thickness of the support strut 190 to the thickness of the electrical lead 90 is at least 5, not more than 15, and / or 5 to 15, and / or • The ratio of the thickness of the support strut 190 to the thickness of the extension 91 of the PCB 92 is at least 2, not more than 5, and / or 2 to 5.

[0237] As described below, and with reference to Figure 3E And / or 3F, the dimensions of the extension 91A and / or the plurality of branched extensions 91B of PCB 92 may also be the dimensions immediately following those provided above for the extension 91 of PCB 92. Similarly, as described below, and referring to Figure 3E And / or 3F, the dimensions of the main portion 90A, the branch portion 90B, the lead 90C, the lead 90D, and / or the lead 90E of the lead 90 may also be the dimensions immediately following those provided above for the lead 90.

[0238] For some applications, such as in Figure 3E As shown schematically, PCB 92 includes a circuit system portion 100, such as an end portion of PCB 92, distinct from an extension portion 91 of PCB 92, and a circuit system 40 is coupled to the circuit system portion 100 of PCB 92. For some applications, the circuit system 40 further includes: (a) a plurality of traces 104 (also referred to as conductive traces) of PCB 92, (b) a plurality of conductive pads of PCB 92, and (c) a plurality of electronic components 106 coupled to PCB 92. The extension portion 91 extends directly from the circuit system portion 100 (e.g., end portion 102) and is generally integrated with the circuit system portion 100 (e.g., end portion 102). (In a configuration where the circuit system section 100 is the middle portion of PCB 92 rather than the end 102, PCB 92 extends beyond the circuit system section 100, for example, to provide electrical connections to additional components, such as one or more electrodes and / or additional circuitry.) Electrical leads 90 are typically manufactured integrally as traces of the extension 91 of PCB 92, connecting to one or more traces 104 of PCB 92, which are part of the circuit system 40, eliminating the need for separate connection points between the electrical leads 90 and the circuit system 40.

[0239] For some of these applications, antenna 28 is coupled to circuit system 40 via circuit system section 100 on PCB 92, such as in... Figures 1A to 1B As shown.

[0240] Optionally, the extension 91 of the PCB 92 is shaped to define a plurality of protrusions 98 along the extension 91, the plurality of protrusions 98 inhibiting the slippage of the seam 96 along the extension 91, such that the seam 96 securely fixes the extension 91 of the PCB 92 to the support strut 190. Typically, the plurality of protrusions 98 project laterally in one direction or in two directions from the extension 91 of the PCB 92 through a plane defined by the PCB 92; optionally, some of the plurality of protrusions 98 project in two directions, and the others project in one direction, as shown in the figures. Optionally, as indicated in... Figure 3A The enlarged view shows that the average distance D of the lateral protrusions of the plurality of protrusions 98 extending beyond the non-protruding portion of the extension 91 in a single direction is equal to 20% to 100% of the width W of the extension 91 of the PCB 92 at the respective positions of the plurality of protrusions 98 along the extension 91, the average distance D and the width W being measured in the plane defined by the PCB 92.

[0241] Now refer to Figure 3E and Figure 3F In these configurations, the extension 91 of PCB 92 branches to define the main extension 91A and two or more branched extensions 91B. As an example, in... Figure 3E and Figure 3F The diagram shows exactly two bifurcated extensions 91B; in practice, extension 91 can be defined as more than two bifurcated extensions.

[0242] In some applications, the respective electrodes 34, for example, the respective cathodes 54, are coupled to the respective bifurcated extensions 91B at their respective angular positions around the frame 30.

[0243] In some applications, such as Figure 3E As shown, electrical leads 90 integrated with the extension 91 of PCB 92 branch to define a main portion 90A and two or more branched portions 90B integrated with respective branched extensions 91B of the extension 91 of PCB 92. For example, each of the plurality of branched portions 90B of electrical leads 90 may be electrically coupled to a respective electrode 34, such as a respective cathode 54, in which case these electrodes are electrically in communication with each other. Separate electrical leads 90C may be configured to be integrated with the main extension 91A of the extension 91 of PCB 92 and electrically connected to other electrodes 34, such as anodes 56.

[0244] In other applications, such as Figure 3FAs shown, at least two electrical leads 90D and 90E are integrated with the extension 91 of the PCB 92. Electrical leads 90D and 90E are partially integrated with the main extension 91A of the extension 91 of the PCB 92, and partially integrated with their respective branch extensions 91B of the extension 91 of the PCB 92. For example, each of the plurality of electrical leads 90 may be electrically coupled to its respective electrode 34, such as its respective cathode 54. In this case, these electrodes (e.g., multiple cathodes) are electrically isolated from each other and separately electrically connected to the circuit system 40. A separate electrical lead 90C may be configured to be integrated with the main extension 91A of the extension 91 of the PCB 92 and electrically connected to other electrodes 34, such as anodes 56.

[0245] For some applications, such as reference Figure 3E and Figure 3F In the described configuration, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply pacing signals using all of the plurality of electrodes 34, for example, all of the plurality of cathodes 54. For other applications, see reference... Figure 3F In the aforementioned configuration, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply the pacing signal using fewer than all of the plurality of electrodes 34, for example, fewer than all of the plurality of cathodes 54, such as using only a single cathode 54 of the plurality of cathodes 54, or two or more of the three or more cathodes 54 provided, and / or fewer than all of the plurality of anodes 56, such as using only a single anode 56 of the plurality of anodes 56, or two or more of the three or more anodes 56 provided.

[0246] Optionally, in a configuration in which the artificial aortic valve 20 includes a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes 34, one or more of the distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes 34 are activated as one or more anodes 56, and the other one or more distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes 34 are activated as one or more cathodes 54; in other words, any given distal (e.g., upstream) electrode 34 can be activated as an anode 56 or a cathode 54.

[0247] Alternatively or as an alternative, in a configuration where the artificial aortic valve 20 includes a plurality of proximal (e.g., downstream) electrodes 34, one or more of the plurality of proximal (e.g., downstream) electrodes 34 are activated as one or more anodes 56, and the other one or more proximal (e.g., downstream) electrodes 34 are activated as one or more cathodes 54; in other words, any given proximal (e.g., downstream) electrode 34 can be activated as an anode 56 or a cathode 54.

[0248] Generally, any one of the multiple electrodes 34 (regardless of their position on the frame 30) can be configured as either an anode 56 or a cathode 54.

[0249] For some applications, the circuit system 40 activates each of the plurality of electrodes 34 separately at different times in different combinations, and based on a determination that determines which of the plurality of electrodes 34 (e.g., in a configuration providing multiple anodes 56) provides the most effective pacing, i.e., the minimum stimulation voltage that yields the most successful pacing. The circuit system 40 uses this most effective combination of the plurality of electrodes 34, e.g., (multiple) cathodes 54 or (multiple) anodes 56, for future pacing.

[0250] For some applications, the determination of the most effective pacing is based on the sensed ECG, as described above, and with reference to... Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 2 For example, based on a combination of multiple electrodes that results in the lowest ECG sensing threshold. Alternatively or supplemented, for some applications, the determination of the most effective pacing is made by selecting a combination of multiple electrodes for generating the lowest possible power, voltage, or current sufficient for pacing, i.e., successfully generating a cardiac action potential.

[0251] Generally, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply the weakest pacing signal that can generate an action potential in the heart. The circuit system 40 may be configured to induce pacing at a set voltage level, or alternatively, may be configured to automatically determine the minimum voltage level required for sufficient pacing.

[0252] For example, this determination of the most effective pacing can be made by circuitry 40 and / or by the circuitry of an external control unit, such as external control unit 400, as described below, and with reference to Figure 11 For some applications, this determination is performed (a) only once immediately after implantation and upon device setup, (b) periodically, for example, approximately once daily or weekly, and / or (c) before each pacing pulse is applied. The operator may or may not be involved in making the determination.

[0253] In some applications, this determination of the most effective pacing can be made by activating one or more of the distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes 34 as one or more anodes 56 (instead of as a plurality of cathodes 54 as shown in the figures), and / or activating the distal (e.g., upstream) electrode 34 (or, if a plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes are provided, as one or more of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) electrodes) as one or more cathodes 54 (instead of as one or more anodes 56 as shown in the figures).

[0254] Still refer to Figures 3E to 3FIt should be noted that, for clarity of illustration, leads 90 (including the main portion 90A and the branch portion 90B), leads 90C, leads 90D, and / or leads 90E are shown in... Figures 3E to 3F The diagram is shown schematically at a medium height. In practice, these electrical leads are typically rectangular in cross-section, for example, the exemplary dimensions set as described above, see reference. Figures 1A to 1B and Figures 3A to 3D Additionally, these electrical leads can be configured to run parallel to each other, as in... Figures 3E to 3F As shown, and / or disposed in a layer having PCB 92 (configuration not shown), as is known in the PCB industry.

[0255] Reference Figure 3C and Figure 3G In the configurations shown in these figures, the extension 91 extends directly from the circuit system section 100 (e.g., end 102) and is generally integrated with the circuit system section 100 (e.g., end 102). The end 103 of the extension 91 is bent into a bend above at least a portion of the circuit system section 100 to sandwich one or more support struts 190 between the circuit system section 100 and the extension 91, such as... Figure 3G As shown (although in Figure 3C The stent strut 190 is not shown for clarity, but it is actually present in the artificial aortic valve 20. Figure 3C and Figure 3G The configurations shown are optionally implemented in combination with other configurations described herein. (In practice, they are typically compared to...) Figure 3G The one or more support rods 190 are sandwiched more closely between the circuit system section 100 and the extension section 91, as shown. Typically, the circuit system section 100 is configured to extend radially inward from the support strut 190, with the end portion 103 of the extension 91 bent into a curved portion above at least a portion of the circuit system section 100, and the non-curved portion of the extension 91 extending distally (e.g., upstream) from the end portion 103 is configured to extend radially outward from the support strut 190.

[0256] For some applications, the circuit system section 100 is elongated, and the end 103 of the extension 91 extends from the long side of the circuit system section 100 to the side 105, such as... Figure 3C As shown, or extending from the proximal (e.g., downstream) end 107 of the circuit system section 100, such as Figure 3GAs shown. In contrast, if the end 103 of the extension 91 were to extend from the distal (e.g., upstream) end of the circuit system section 100 instead, the extension 91 would be more likely to be sheared during the press-fitting of the frame 30. The circumferential width of the plurality of support cells 192 decreases during press-fitting, while the height (in the axial direction) of the plurality of support cells 192 increases during press-fitting. If the rectangular cross-section extension 91 intersects the frame wall as it extends from the distal (e.g., upstream) end of the circuit system section 100, the extension 91 may be squeezed between two supports during press-fitting because the width of the extension 91 may be greater than the minimum distance between adjacent nodes or supports during press-fitting.

[0257] Reference Figure 3H In this configuration, PCB 92 is shaped to define two or more circuit system sections 100, including a first circuit system section 100A and a second circuit system section 100B, for example, exactly two circuit system sections 100 (as shown) or three or more circuit system sections 100 (configurations not shown). One or more extension circuit system connection sections 110 of PCB 92 connect the two or more circuit system sections 100. Typically, each of the one or more extension circuit system connection sections 110 includes one or more electrical leads integrated with the respective extension circuit system connection section 110. For some applications, the one or more extension circuit system connection sections 110 extend circumferentially around at least a portion of the frame 30.

[0258] For some applications, the one or more extension circuit system connection portions 110 are mechanically coupled to some of the interconnecting support struts 190 of the frame 30, and the orientation is generally along these support struts (such that the shape of the one or more extension circuit system connection portions 110 may be, for example, serrated).

[0259] Optionally, one of the two or more circuit system sections 100 (e.g., the second circuit system section 100B, as shown) is an end of the PCB 92.

[0260] For some applications, the circuitry 40 is distributed across two or more circuitry sections 100; that is, the two or more circuitry sections 100 comprise respective portions of the electronic components of the circuitry 40. This allows for the housing of the circuitry 40 where a single circuitry section 100 does not have sufficient surface area. For some applications, the artificial aortic valve 20 includes an energy storage module, for example, a battery coupled to one of the multiple circuitry sections 100.

[0261] As used in this application, including in the claims and inventive concept, "circuit system" refers to (a) one or more electronic components 106 and (b) one or more traces 104 (also referred to as conductive traces) on a PCB, said one or more traces 104 being electrically coupled to said one or more electronic components via multiple conductive pads on said PCB. The circuit system may or may not include a power source. The one or more electronic components can be active components (e.g., semiconductor devices such as integrated circuits, transistors, and / or active diodes); passive components (e.g., multiple electrodes, capacitors, and / or passive diodes); and / or energy storage modules (e.g., including batteries). As used in this application, including in the claims and inventive concept, traces (also referred to as tracks), leads, wires, and cables are not considered electronic components.

[0262] Refer again Figures 1A to 1B The following configurations may be implemented alone or in combination with any of the configurations herein, including those referenced as described above. Figures 3A to 3F and Figure 3H The configuration. In this configuration, the interconnecting support cells 192 of the interconnecting support struts 190 of the frame 30 include: a first support cell 170, shaped to define: • Two peaks, 172, consisting of a distal (e.g., upstream) peak 172A and a proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 172B. • Two side nodes 186, consisting of left node 186A and right node 186B. • Two left support struts 176, comprising (a) a distal (e.g., upstream) left support strut 176A, joined to a distal (e.g., upstream) peak 172A and a left node 186A, and (b) a proximal (e.g., downstream) left support strut 176B, joined to a proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 172B and a left node 186A, and • Two right support struts 178, consisting of (a) a distal (e.g., upstream) right support strut 178A, which is joined to a distal (e.g., upstream) peak 172A and a right node 186B, and (b) a proximal (e.g., downstream) right support strut 178B, which is joined to a proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 172B and a right node 186B.

[0263] For example, the first support cell 170 may be located in the proximal (e.g., downstream) half of the frame 30, as shown in the figure. For example, the first support cell 170 may be the closest (e.g., downstream) support cell (configuration not shown). Alternatively, the first support cell 170 may be located in the distal (e.g., upstream) half of the frame 30 (in... Figures 1A to 1B (Configuration not shown), for example, the first support cell 170 may be the farthest (e.g., upstream) support cell (in Figures 1A to 1B Configurations not shown in the diagram.

[0264] In this configuration, the artificial aortic valve 20 includes electronic components 150 disposed on or near one of a plurality of peaks 172. For example, the electronic components 150 may be part of a circuit system 40 (as shown), may include an antenna 28 (also shown), may include an energy storage module, such as a battery, or may include an electrode 34.

[0265] In this configuration, the artificial aortic valve 20 further includes: a coupling material 180, shaped to define: • The first strip 182A is mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of left support struts 176. • The second strip 182B is mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of right support struts 178, and • Contact 184 couples the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B together. The first band 182A and the second band 182B together couple the electronic component 150 to the frame 30 at one of the plurality of peaks 172 or close to it (e.g., within 15 mm). Using the first band 182A and the second band 182B in this configuration to couple the electronic component 150 to the frame 30 generally helps to stabilize the electronic component 150 relative to the frame 30 during the expansion of the frame 30 from its compressed elongated state and during multiple cardiac cycles after implantation of the frame 30.

[0266] By using examples rather than limitations, in Figures 1A to 1B In the diagram, the first strip 182A is shown mechanically coupled to a proximal (e.g., downstream) left support strut 176B, and the second strip 182B is shown mechanically coupled to a proximal (e.g., downstream) right support strut 178B, such that the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B together couple the electronic component 150 to the frame 30 at or near the proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 172B. Alternatively, the first strip 182A may be mechanically coupled to a distal (e.g., upstream) left support strut 176A, and the second strip 182B may be mechanically coupled to a distal (e.g., upstream) right support strut 178A, such that the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B together couple the electronic component 150 to the frame 30 (configuration not shown) at or near the distal (e.g., upstream) peak 172A.

[0267] Optionally, the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B are integrally joined at the junction 184, for example, integrally formed from a single piece of material (as shown); alternatively, the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B comprise discrete sheets of material (configurations not shown) coupled together at the junction 184. The first strip 182A may be mechanically coupled to any surface of at least one of the plurality of left support struts 176, and the second strip 182B may be mechanically coupled to any surface of at least one of the plurality of right support struts 178.

[0268] For some applications, the first band 182A and the second band 182B together at or near one of the multiple peaks 172 couple the electronic component 150 to the frame 30, at least partially located outside the first support cell.

[0269] For some applications, the first strip 182A and the second strip 182B are mechanically coupled to at least one left support strut 176 of a plurality of left support struts 176 and at least one right support strut 178 of a plurality of right support struts 178 by sewing, respectively.

[0270] For some applications, the contact 184 of the coupling material 180 is mechanically coupled to the frame 30 at or near one of the plurality of peaks 172, such as by stitching.

[0271] For some applications, the length of the first strip 182A is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one left support strut 176 among the plurality of left support struts 176; for example, the length of the first strip 182A may be greater than the length of at least one left support strut 176 among the plurality of left support struts 176. Alternatively or supplementarily, for some applications, the length of the second strip 182B is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one right support strut 178 among the plurality of right support struts 178; for example, the length of the second strip 182B may be greater than the length of at least one right support strut 178 among the plurality of right support struts 178.

[0272] For some applications, the first strip 182A is mechanically coupled to the left node 186A by sewing. Alternatively or in some applications, the second strip 182B is mechanically coupled to the right node 186B by sewing.

[0273] For some applications, the artificial aortic valve 20 further includes: an electrical lead, such as an electrical lead 90, electrically coupled to the electronic component 150, and a first strip 182A mechanically coupled to at least a portion of the electrical lead. For some of these applications, the first strip 182A includes an electrical insulator and electrically insulates the at least a portion of the electrical lead. For some applications, the first strip 182A includes an extension of a PCB integrated with the electrical lead, such as an extension 91 of a PCB 92.

[0274] Now refer to Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of an artificial aortic valve 20 in a compression delivery configuration within a delivery sheath 12 according to an application of the present invention.

[0275] Also refer to Figures 5A to 5B This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic core 300 of an antenna 28 according to one application of the present invention. The magnetic core 300 typically comprises a ferrite material and may or may not be permanently magnetized.

[0276] Further reference Figures 6A to 6B This is a schematic diagram of another configuration of the magnetic core 300 of the antenna 28 according to one application of the present invention.

[0277] Further reference is still needed. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another configuration of the magnetic core 300 of the antenna 28 according to an application of the present invention.

[0278] In these configurations, the one or more artificial valve coils 36 of the antenna 28 are wound around a magnetic core 300. The magnetic core 300 has a somewhat flat and non-circular cross-section to effectively utilize the available space on one side of the frame 30 between the frame 30 and the inner axis 302 of the delivery system 18 when the artificial aortic valve 20 is in the compressed delivery configuration within the delivery sheath 12. Figure 4 As shown.

[0279] Typically, the antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to the frame 30 proximal to (e.g., downstream) the plurality of artificial leaflets 32. As a result, the magnetic core 300 is positioned along the artificial aortic valve 20 in an axial location where no material of the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 is present, because the available space between the frame 30 and the inner shaft 302 of the delivery system 18 is larger in this axial location compared to other axial locations where the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 are positioned. (Typically, the inner shaft 302 is shaped to define an internal guidewire channel through which the guidewire 14 passes, as is known in the field of catheters.) For some applications, such as those marked as Figure 4 and Figure 5BIn the compression delivery configuration, at at least one location along the length of the magnetic core 300, the planar space 320 enclosed by the outer perimeter 310 of the magnetic core 300 in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 312 of the frame 30 has: • The shorter dimension DS, measured along ray 316, which (i) radiates radially outward from the central longitudinal axis 312 and (ii) intersects the centroid 318 defined by the planar space 320 enclosed by the outer perimeter 310, and • The longer dimension DL is measured in a plane perpendicular to the shorter dimension DS and is at least 150% of the shorter dimension DS.

[0280] (The position of the central longitudinal axis 312 is in) Figure 4 and Figure 5B (This is shown schematically and not necessarily to scale.) For some applications, the radially outward 330 of the outer perimeter 310 of the magnetic core 300 is concave relative to the central longitudinal axis 312, the radially outward 330 including the point 332 on the outer perimeter 310 furthest from the central longitudinal axis 312. For some of these applications, the radially outward 330 of the outer perimeter 310 of the magnetic core 300 has: • The maximum radius of curvature is at least 1 mm and not more than 5 mm, and / or 1 to 5 mm, for example, at least 1.3 mm and not more than 4.5 mm, and / or 1.3 to 4.5, such as at least 1.5 and not more than 3.5 mm, and / or 1.5 to 3.5, for example, 2.2 mm.

[0281] • The maximum radius of curvature is at least 0.3 times the longer dimension DL, and no more than 1.6 times the longer dimension DL, and / or 0.3 to 1.6 times the longer dimension DL, for example, 0.75 to 1 times the longer dimension DL.

[0282] As an alternative or supplement, for some applications, the radially inward 334 of the outer perimeter 310 is flat, the radially inward 334 including a point 336 on the outer perimeter 310 closest to the central longitudinal axis 312, as shown in the figures. Alternatively, for some applications, the radially inward 334 of the outer perimeter 310 is concave relative to the central longitudinal axis 312, the radially inward 334 including one or more points on the outer perimeter 310 closest to the central longitudinal axis 312 (configurations not shown); optionally, the maximum radius of curvature of the radially inward 334 of the outer perimeter 310 is smaller than the maximum radius of curvature of the radially outward 330 of the outer perimeter 310.

[0283] For some applications, the radially outward curvature 330 of the outer perimeter 310 includes a circular arc portion. For example, the arc portion may have a measurement of 45 to 180 degrees, such as 60 to 120 degrees.

[0284] The central longitudinal axis 312 intersects the plane defined by the outer perimeter 310 in either of the following ways: • Outside the planar space 320, in this case, point 336 falls on ray 316 between the central longitudinal axis 312 and the centroid 322, excluding the longitudinal axis 312 and the centroid 322 (as shown in the figure), or • In planar space 320 (configuration not shown).

[0285] Reference Figures 5A to 5B and Figures 6A to 6B For some applications, the magnetic core 300 is a magnetic core 300, 300A, shaped to define the cavity 340. The circuitry 40 of the artificial aortic valve 20 is at least partially disposed within the cavity 340, such as being completely disposed within the cavity 340. The circuitry 40 is typically electrically coupled to the one or more artificial valve coils 36. Optionally, the circuitry 40 includes the circuitry section 100 of the PCB 92, as described above and referred to... Figure 3E Furthermore, the circuit system section 100 of PCB 92 is at least partially disposed in cavity 340.

[0286] For some applications, the average wall thickness T of the surrounding cavity 340 of the magnetic core 300 is 100 to 500 micrometers, and / or equal to at least 0.05 (e.g., at least 0.1) times the shorter dimension DS, not exceeding 0.4 (e.g., not exceeding 0.3 or 0.2) times the shorter dimension DS, and / or 0.05 to 0.4 times the shorter dimension DS.

[0287] For some applications, the longer dimension DL is at least 175% of the shorter dimension DS, such as at least 200% of the shorter dimension DS. For some applications, the longer dimension DL does not exceed 400% of the shorter dimension DS, such as not exceeding 350% of the shorter dimension DS, for example, equal to 300% of the shorter dimension DS.

[0288] Reference Figure 7 For some applications, core 300 is core 300 or 300B, and is not shaped to define the cavity.

[0289] For some applications, the outer surface of the magnetic core 300 is shaped to define an axial orientation groove 350. At least one of the plurality of artificial valve coils 36 includes a conductor 352, and the straight portion of the conductor 352 is at least partially disposed in the axial orientation groove 350 to pass from a first axial end 354A to a second axial end 354B of the at least one of the plurality of artificial valve coils 36. (In this context, "axial orientation" means parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the magnetic core 300, or defining an angle of less than 15 degrees with said central longitudinal axis.) Slot 350 is drawn in magnetic cores 300 and 300B by way of example and not limitation, and can also be implemented in magnetic cores 300 and 300A, see reference. Figures 5A to 5B and Figures 6A to 6B As stated above.

[0290] Now refer to Figure 8A and Figure 8B The diagram shows an antenna 428 for each application according to the invention. Antenna 428 may be optionally integrated into an artificial aortic valve 20, any of the other artificial heart valves described herein, or other artificial aortic valves, or integrated into other medical devices configured for placement and / or implantation in the body of a subject; alternatively, antenna 428 may be implemented independently of any medical device.

[0291] Antenna 428 includes an elongated core 430, and a first coil 436A, a second coil 436B, and a third coil 436C wound around the elongated core 430, such that: • The first coil 436A is wound around the longitudinal axis 438A of the first coil, which coincides with the central longitudinal axis 440 of the slender core 430. • The second coil 436B is wound around the longitudinal axis 438B of the second coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 438A of the first coil. • The third coil 436C is wound around the longitudinal axis 438C of the third coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 438A of the first coil and the longitudinal axis 438B of the second coil.

[0292] For some applications, such as Figure 8B As shown, antenna 428 implements the technology of magnetic core 300, as referenced above. Figure 4 , Figures 5A to 5B and / or Figures 6A to 6B However, for other applications, antenna 428 does not implement these technologies, such as... Figure 8A As shown. In any case, the first coil 436A, the second coil 436B, and the third coil 436C are generally shaped, at least in part, based on the shape of the outer surface of the core on which the plurality of coils are wound.

[0293] Each of the first coil 436A, the second coil 436B, and the third coil 436C includes an electrical conductor covered with an electrically insulating element.

[0294] The plurality of vertical axes of the plurality of coils may or may not be centered in their respective coils.

[0295] Typically, the first coil 436A, the second coil 436B, and the third coil 436C are electrically isolated from each other and connected to the circuit system 40 via separate electrical paths, so that the circuit system 40 can appropriately isolate the use of the plurality of coils.

[0296] Setting three distinct winding directions reduces the directional dependence of antenna 428 relative to the transmitter / receiver, such as an external transmitter / receiver antenna, for example, as described below, and refers to Figure 2 and / or Figure 11 The circuit system, such as circuit system 40, can be configured to determine the most efficient combination of one or more coils among the plurality of coils used for transmitting energy and / or data, such as by using each of the plurality of coils separately. Alternatively or supplementarily, the circuit system, such as circuit system 40, can be configured to determine the orientation of antenna 428 relative to the antenna of a transmitter / receiver, such as an external transmitter / receiver, based on the relative strength of the signals from each of the plurality of coils, for example, as described below and referring to... Figure 2 and / or Figure 11 The circuitry system can perform the aforementioned determination during the preoperative calibration procedure or while using antenna 428.

[0297] For some applications, the second coil 436B and the third coil 436C cross each other at one or both longitudinal ends 450A, 450B of the elongated core 430. Although the longitudinal ends 450A and 450B are... Figure 8A and Figure 8B The surface is shown as flat, but the longitudinal end may alternatively define a curved surface, such as a convex curved surface.

[0298] The second coil 436B typically has (a) two longer sides 452A and 452B, which may or may not be of the same length, and (b) two shorter sides 454A and 454B, which may or may not be of the same length. For some applications, the two longer sides 452A and 452B are parallel to the central longitudinal axis 440 of the elongated core 430, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees, such as less than 5 degrees, relative to the central longitudinal axis 440 of the elongated core 430.

[0299] For some applications, the two longer sides 452A and 452B intersect with the first coil 436A in a plurality of first positions, and each of the plurality of first positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees, such as 80 to 90 degrees, for example 85 to 90 degrees, with respect to the first coil 436A.

[0300] Similarly, the third coil 436C typically has (a) two longer sides 456A and 456B, whose lengths may or may not be the same and / or serve as longer sides 452A and 452B, and (b) two shorter sides 458A and 458B, whose lengths may or may not be the same and / or serve as shorter sides 454A and 454B. For some applications, the two longer sides 456A and 456B are parallel to the central longitudinal axis 440 of the elongated core 430, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees, such as less than 5 degrees, relative to the central longitudinal axis 440 of the elongated core 430.

[0301] For some applications, the two longer sides 456A and 456B intersect the first coil 436A in a plurality of second positions, and in each of the plurality of second positions, an angle of 85 to 90 degrees is defined with respect to the first coil 436A.

[0302] Optionally, the elongated core 430 of the antenna 428 is shaped to define an axial orientation slot 350, as referenced above. Figure 7 As stated above.

[0303] Now refer to Figure 9 The diagram above illustrates an artificial atrioventricular valve 520 according to one application of the present invention. Except as described below, the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 may substantially approximate an artificial aortic valve 20, as referred to above. Figures 1A to 3H The artificial atrioventricular valve 520 can also be implemented as described above, with necessary modifications to the details. Figures 4 to 8B Any of the described features may be modified as necessary in detail.

[0304] The artificial atrioventricular valve 520 may be an artificial mitral valve or an artificial tricuspid valve. Typically, but not necessarily, the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 is shorter in length than the configuration of the artificial aortic valve 20 shown in the attached figure. Alternatively, the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 may implement any technique known in the field of transcatheter artificial atrioventricular valves. For example, the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 may implement the techniques described in PCT Publication WO 2022 / 118316 of Albertov et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication 2015 / 0328000 of Ratz et al., U.S. Patent No. 10,299,927 of McLe et al., and / or U.S. Patent No. 7,510,575 of Spenser, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0305] The artificial atrioventricular valve 520 includes a frame 530 and multiple artificial leaflets coupled to the frame 530 to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 is in an expanded deployment configuration, such as... Figure 9 As shown. For clarity, in Figure 9 The plurality of artificial leaflets are not shown in the text; however, in practice they are provided and may be similar to the plurality of artificial leaflets 32 as described above, with necessary modifications in detail, and / or may implement any known technique of the plurality of artificial leaflets of the atrioventricular valve in the art, including but not limited to the techniques described above in the patent publication incorporated herein by reference.

[0306] The artificial atrioventricular valve 520 has an upstream end 522 and a downstream end 524. The upstream end 522 can also be a proximal end 26 and the downstream end 524 can also be a distal end 27, for example, because the proximal end 26 can be located closer to the distal end 31 of the delivery sleeve 12 than the distal end 27; in other words, the proximal end 26 is closer to the proximal portion 29 of the delivery sleeve 12 than the distal end 27. For some applications, as shown, the proximal end 26 is configured to couple to the delivery system 18 (e.g., shaped to define the delivery tool coupling tongue 220, configured to detachably couple the frame 30 (and thus the artificial atrioventricular valve 520) to the delivery system 18, e.g., the delivery shaft of the delivery system 18, as described herein). For other applications (configurations not shown), the distal end 27 is configured to couple to the delivery system 18, such as the capsule of the distal end 31 of the delivery sleeve 12, as described above.

[0307] In some applications of the present invention, the artificial atrioventricular valve 520 is implemented as described above. Figures 1A to 4 Any of the techniques described for the artificial aortic valve 20. In some of these techniques, the "proximal" features of the artificial aortic valve 20 are described as "downstream" features, and the "distal" features of the artificial aortic valve 20 are described as "upstream" features. Typically, in the artificial atrioventricular valve 520, these directions are reversed, such that the "proximal" features of the atrioventricular valve 520 are "upstream" features, and the "distal" features of the atrioventricular valve 520 are "downstream" features.

[0308] Now refer to Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the frame 630 of an artificial heart valve 620 in an expanded deployment configuration according to an application of the present invention. The frame 630 may, for example, include a frame 30 for an artificial aortic valve 20 or a frame 530 for an artificial atrioventricular valve 520. For clarity, portions of the frame 630 are shown unfolded; in practice, in the expanded deployment configuration of the artificial heart valve 620, the frame is bent about a central longitudinal axis 60. Furthermore, although the following description and... Figure 10This relates to antenna 28, but the same technology can be applied to antenna 428.

[0309] In the following description, "downstream" is used as an example of "proximal" and "upstream" is used as an example of "distal"; this example relates to a configuration of frame 30 in which frame 630 includes the artificial aortic valve 20. In a configuration of frame 530 in which frame 630 includes the artificial atrioventricular valve 520, these exemplary directions will all be reversed, that is, "upstream" will be an example of "proximal" and "downstream" will be an example of "distal". These examples are all within the scope of the invention.

[0310] In the following description, as indicated by... Figure 10 In the present invention, antenna 28 is shown coupled to frame 630 at or near the proximal end of frame 630. In an alternative application of the invention, antenna 28 is instead coupled to frame 630 at or near the distal end of frame 630, in which case all references to proximal and distal ends will be reversed in the following description and in the corresponding claims and inventive concepts.

[0311] For some applications, antenna 28 is approximately aligned with the proximal (e.g., downstream) end of frame 630 between the first nearest side (e.g., downstream) bracket cell 206A and the second nearest side (e.g., downstream) bracket cell 206B circumferentially adjacent to interconnect bracket cell 192. This position strikes a balance between the benefit of avoiding attenuation of the metal frame of frame 630 and the operational limitation of not causing interference at the interface between one or more proximal-extending delivery tool coupling tongues 220 and delivery system 18 of frame 630. In experiments conducted by one of the inventors, it was found that antenna 28, as Figure 10 The relative attenuation shown is less than half that of the relative attenuation when antenna 28 is set at the same axial position but in one of the multiple cells.

[0312] As described above, and referring to Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 2 The frame 630 defines the central longitudinal axis 60 when the artificial heart valve 620 is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame 630 includes interconnecting stent struts 190 arranged to define interconnecting stent cells 192.

[0313] For some applications, the first proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 204B, respectively defined by the first nearest (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A and the second nearest (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B circumferentially adjacent to the interconnecting support cell 192, are located at a first peak angular position 208A and a second peak angular position 208B around the central longitudinal axis 60 of the frame 630. As used in this application, including in the claims and inventive concept, "angular position" means a specific location of the frame 630 around the central longitudinal axis 60, that is, at a specific "o'clock" position relative to the central longitudinal axis 60.

[0314] Antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630, such that: • The centroid 212 of antenna 28 is located at an antenna angular position 214 around the central longitudinal axis 60, and the antenna angular position 214 is between the first peak angular position 208A and the second peak angular position 208B. • The nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially disposed between (i) 5 mm near (e.g., downstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240A) and (ii) 5 mm far (e.g., upstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240B).

[0315] The downstream point 216 of antenna 28 can be defined by the antenna core, such as magnetic core 300, etc. Figure 10 As shown, or may be defined by one of the plurality of coils of the antenna, such as the configuration of antenna 428, as described above. Figure 8A and Figure 8B .

[0316] For some applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) 3 mm near (e.g., downstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B and (ii) 5 mm far (e.g., upstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240B). For example, antenna 28 may be mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) the axial positions of the first near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204B and (ii) the 5 mm distal (e.g., upstream) position of the first near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240B), for example, axially positioned at the same axial position as the first near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204B, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0317] For some applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) 5 mm near (e.g., downstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (illustratively indicated by line 240A) and (ii) 3 mm far (e.g., upstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B. For some of these applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) 3 mm near (e.g., downstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B and (ii) 3 mm far (e.g., upstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B.

[0318] For some applications, frame 630 further includes one or more delivery coupling tongues 220 disposed proximally (e.g., downstream) of a plurality of stent cells 192 and shaped to define a plurality of distally (e.g., upstream) edges 222, respectively. The one or more delivery coupling tongues 220 are configured to detachably couple frame 630 (and thus artificial heart valve 620) to delivery system 18, for example, delivery axis of delivery system 18.

[0319] For some of these applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630, such that: • The centroid 212 of antenna 28 is located at an antenna angular position 214 around the central longitudinal axis 60, and the antenna angular position 214 is between the first peak angular position 208A and the second peak angular position 208B. • The downstream point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) the axial points of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) edges 222 of the delivery tool coupling tongue 220 (schematically indicated by line 240C) and (ii) the distal (e.g., upstream) points of the first proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second proximal (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240B). (Note that antenna 28 is typically offset circumferentially (angularly) from the delivery tool coupling tongue 220, as shown in the figure.)

[0320] For some applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) the 2 mm distal (e.g., upstream) edge 222 of the delivery tool coupling tongue 220 and (ii) the 5 mm distal (e.g., upstream) point of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B (schematically indicated by line 240B).

[0321] For some applications, antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 such that the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 216 of antenna 28 is axially positioned between (i) 5 mm distal (e.g., upstream) of the plurality of distal (e.g., upstream) edges 222 of the delivery tool coupling tongue 220 and (ii) 3 mm distal (e.g., upstream) of the first near (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the second near (e.g., downstream) peak 204B.

[0322] exist Figure 10 The positions of lines 240A, 240B, and 240C are shown by way of example rather than limitation and based on the exemplary approximate size and shape of the interconnecting bracket strut 190 and the interconnecting bracket cell 192.

[0323] For some applications, a first nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206A and a second nearest-side (e.g., downstream) support cell 206B are engaged at cell junction 210, and antenna 28 is mechanically coupled to frame 630 by at least partial mechanical coupling to cell junction 210. For some of these applications, the farthest-side (e.g., upstream) point 270 of antenna 28 coincides with the cell junction, or is no more than a distance far (e.g., upstream) from the cell junction, said distance being equal to 30% of the length of antenna 28, such as 20% of the length of antenna 28, said distance and said length being measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of frame 630.

[0324] The first peak angle position 208A and the second peak angle position 208B are offset by a peak-to-peak angle offset α (alpha). The first peak angle position 208A and the antenna angle position 214 are offset by a peak-to-antenna angle offset β (beta). For some applications, the peak-to-antenna angle offset α (alpha) is equal to 25% to 75% of the peak-to-peak angle offset β (beta), for example, 50%. Figure 10 As shown.

[0325] For some applications, the width of antenna 28 measured in the peak-to-peak direction is equal to 10% to 60% of the peak-to-peak angle offset α (alpha), for example, 10% to 30% of α (alpha), for example, 15% of α (alpha).

[0326] The peak height H is equal to the distance between the nearest (e.g., downstream) point 272 of the first near-side (e.g., downstream) peak 204A and the cell junction 210, measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of the frame 630. For some applications, the length of the antenna 28 is equal to 30% to 150% of the peak height H, such as 80% to 120% of the peak height H, for example, 100% of the peak height H, said length and said peak height being measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of the frame 630.

[0327] Now refer to Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an external control unit 400 of an artificial valve system 10 according to an application of the present invention. An artificial heart valve, such as an artificial aortic valve 20 or an artificial atrioventricular valve 520, is configured to be delivered to the patient's own heart valve in a compressed delivery configuration within a delivery sheath 12 using a guidewire 14.

[0328] An external control unit 400 is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body, and the external control unit 400 includes: • Housing 410, shaped to define guidewire receiving channel 412; • Fast pacing user control 414; and • External unit control circuit system 418.

[0329] Refer again Figure 2 Typically, the external system is configured to be located on the outside of the patient's body. The external system includes an external control unit 700, and for example, may include an external control unit 400, as described above. Figure 11 As stated above.

[0330] For some applications, the external system further includes: an external transmitter and / or receiver, optionally including an external coil 420, schematically illustrated in [illustration missing]. Figure 2In the middle. For example, the external coil 420 may be configured to be placed around the subject's chest, such as... Figure 2 As schematically shown, or positioned against the chest but not around it, such as against the sternum (configuration not shown). The external transmitter and / or receiver is configured to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils 36, such as by driving the external coil 420 to wirelessly transmit the energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils 36 via inductive coupling. For example, the external transmitter may transmit radio frequency energy at a frequency of 2 to 300 MHz, for example, 6.78 MHz.

[0331] Refer again Figure 11 As per the above reference. Figures 1A to 1B and Figure 2 For some applications, the circuit system 40 is configured to apply both conventional and rapid pacing. For example, the rapid pacing may be applied during invasive structural cardiac surgery, such as an implantation procedure, like a TAVR procedure in which the first TAVR includes an artificial aortic valve 20, and a portion of the conventional pacing may be temporarily applied during the patient's hospitalization following the implantation of the artificial aortic valve 20. An external control unit 400 is configured to control both the conventional and rapid pacing. (When the patient is discharged from the hospital, the external control unit is typically configured to have little or no user control accessible to the patient.) Because the user or healthcare professional can access the external control unit 400, it is desirable to avoid accidental activation of the rapid pacing after the implantation procedure is completed.

[0332] For some applications, the external unit control circuit system 418 is configured as follows: • Drive an external transmitter to wirelessly transfer energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils 36, such as for powering conventional pacing (for example, the energy delivery coil driving the external transmitter wirelessly transfers the energy via inductive coupling), and • The artificial aortic valve 20 or artificial atrioventricular valve 520 is driven to apply rapid pacing using the cathode 54 and anode 56 only when the rapid pacing user control 414 is activated and the guidewire 14 is disposed in the guidewire receiving channel 412 of the housing 410.

[0333] For this purpose, the external control unit 400 includes a sensor configured to sense whether the guide wire 14 is disposed in the guide wire receiving channel 412 of the housing 410.

[0334] This feature can serve as a safety feature, limiting the application of the rapid pacing to transcatheter or surgical cardiovascular procedures performed by certified interventional medical specialists.

[0335] The technique described herein for the artificial aortic valve 20 can be used alternatively with non-aortic artificial valves, such as artificial atrioventricular valves (artificial mitral or tricuspid valves), with necessary modifications as described above and referenced. Figure 9 .

[0336] In embodiments, the technologies and devices described in one or more of the following patents and / or applications are combined with the technologies and devices described herein, which are assigned to the assignee of this application and are incorporated herein by reference: • Gross's U.S. Patent No. 10,543,083 • Gross's EU patent application publication EP 3508113 A1 • Gross's U.S. Patent No. 10,835,750 • Gross's U.S. Patent No. 11,013,597 • Gross PCT Publication WO 2021 / 140507 • Gross PCT Publication WO 2021 / 224904 • Gross's U.S. Patent No. 11,065,451 • Gross's U.S. Patent No. 11,291,844 • Gross PCT Bulletin WO 2022 / 149130 • U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 452,216, filed by Gross et al. on August 18, 2023, was published as U.S. Patent No. 11,975,203. • U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 607,638, filed on March 18, 2024 Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the contents specifically shown and described above. Rather, the scope of this invention includes combinations and sub-combinations of the various features described above, as well as variations and modifications that would occur to those skilled in the art after reading the foregoing specification and are not found in the prior art.

Claims

1. An artificial heart valve, configured to be delivered to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; as well as An antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna includes one or more artificial valve coils. The first proximal peak and the second proximal peak, defined by the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to the plurality of interconnected support cells, are respectively located at the first peak angle position and the second peak angle position around the central longitudinal axis of the frame. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that (a) the centroid of the antenna is located at an antenna angular position around the central longitudinal axis, the antenna angular position being between the first peak angular position and the second peak angular position, and (b) the nearest side point of the antenna is axially located between (i) 5 mm proximal to the first and second proximal peaks and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

2. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that the nearest side point of the antenna is axially positioned between (i) 3 mm proximal to the first and second proximal peaks and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

3. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first downstream stent cell and the second downstream stent cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the downstream point of the antenna, which is axially located between (i) 5 mm downstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak and (ii) 5 mm upstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak.

4. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the upstream point of the antenna, which is axially located between (i) 5 mm upstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak, and (ii) 5 mm downstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak.

5. An artificial heart valve, configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: A frame, defining a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, the frame comprising: Multiple interconnecting support struts are arranged to define multiple interconnecting support cells; and One or more delivery tool coupling tongues are disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells and shaped to define a plurality of edges, each facing distally. Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; as well as An antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna includes one or more artificial valve coils. The first proximal peak and the second proximal peak, defined by the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to the plurality of interconnected support cells, are respectively located at the first peak angle position and the second peak angle position around the central longitudinal axis of the frame. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame such that (a) the center of mass of the antenna is located at an antenna angular position around the central longitudinal axis, the antenna angular position being between the first peak angular position and the second peak angular position, and (b) the nearest side point of the antenna is axially disposed between (i) the axial positions of the plurality of distal edges of the coupling tongue of the delivery tool, and (ii) 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

6. An artificial valve system comprising the artificial heart valve as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: a delivery system comprising a delivery shaft detachably coupled to the coupling tongue of the one or more delivery tools.

7. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. The one or more conveying tool coupling tongues are disposed downstream of the multiple support cells and are shaped to define multiple upstream-facing edges, respectively. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first downstream stent cell and the second downstream stent cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the most downstream point between (i) the axial position of the plurality of upstream-facing edges of the coupling tongue of the conveying tool and (ii) 5 mm upstream of the first downstream peak and the second downstream peak.

8. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. The one or more conveying tool coupling tongues are disposed upstream of the plurality of support cells and are shaped to define a plurality of downstream-facing edges, respectively. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are respectively the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. Wherein, the first proximal peak and the second proximal peak are respectively defined by the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell that are circumferentially adjacent to each other. Wherein, the nearest side point of the antenna is the upstream point of the antenna, which is axially disposed between (i) the axial positions of the plurality of downstream-facing edges of the coupling tongue of the conveying tool and (ii) 5 mm downstream of the first upstream peak and the second upstream peak.

9. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The antenna includes a magnetic core, and the one or more artificial valve coils are wound around the magnetic core.

10. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell are joined at cell nodes. The first nearest-side support cell includes a right proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the right proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side support cell. The second nearest-side support cell includes a left proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the left proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side support cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut.

11. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The first nearest side bracket cell and the second nearest side bracket cell are engaged at cell contacts, and the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame at least in part by mechanical coupling to the cell contacts.

12. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 11, characterized in that: The farthest point of the antenna coincides with the cell junction or does not exceed a distance from the farthest point of the cell junction. The distance is equal to 30% of the length of the antenna. The distance and the length are measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

13. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The angle positions of the first peak and the second peak are offset by peak-to-peak angle shift. Wherein, the first peak angle position and the antenna angle position are offset by the peak-to-antenna angle offset, and Wherein, the peak-to-antenna angle offset is equal to 25% to 75% of the peak-to-peak angle offset.

14. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The nearest side point of the antenna is axially located between 5 mm proximal to the first and second proximal peaks and 5 mm distal to the first and second proximal peaks.

15. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell, which are circumferentially adjacent, are joined at cell joints. Wherein, the peak height is equal to the distance measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame between the nearest side point of the first proximal peak and the cell junction. The length of the antenna is equal to 30% to 150% of the peak height, and the length and the peak height are measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

16. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The angle positions of the first peak and the second peak are offset by peak-to-peak angle shift, and The width of the antenna measured in the peak-to-peak direction is equal to 10% to 60% of the peak-to-peak angle offset.

17. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: Further includes: Cathode and anode, mechanically coupled to the frame; and The circuit system is electrically coupled to the cathode, the anode, and the one or more artificial valve coils.

18. An artificial heart valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: an external unit, wherein the external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body, and the external unit includes: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling.

19. An artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; An antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame proximal to the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the antenna includes one or more artificial valve coils; as well as Flexible film, Among them, the first nearest side bracket cell and the second nearest side bracket cell of the plurality of interconnected bracket cells that are circumferentially adjacent are joined at cell joints. The first nearest-side support cell includes a right proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the right proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side support cell. The second nearest-side support cell includes a left proximal strut of the plurality of interconnected support struts, the left proximal strut extending between the cell junction and a second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side support cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut.

20. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 19, characterized in that: The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame, at least in part, by mechanical coupling to the cell contact.

21. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 19, characterized in that: The antenna is mechanically coupled to the flexible sheet by stitching.

22. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 19, characterized in that: The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right proximal strut and the left proximal strut by sewing.

23. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 19, characterized in that: The antenna includes a magnetic core, and the one or more coils are wound around the magnetic core.

24. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 19, characterized in that: The flexible sheet is coupled only to one or more of the interconnected support struts of each of the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell, and is not coupled to any of the interconnected support struts of the other support cells of the frame.

25. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that: The frame further includes one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells.

26. An artificial heart valve system comprising the artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

27. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are the first downstream support cell and the second downstream support cell in the circumferential direction. The right proximal support rod is the right downstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side stent cell is the first downstream peak defined by the first most downstream stent cell. The left proximal support rod is the left downstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the second proximal peak defined by the second nearest-side stent cell is the second downstream peak defined by the second most downstream stent cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right downstream strut and the left downstream strut, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right downstream strut and the left downstream strut.

28. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 19 to 25, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets. Wherein, the first nearest side support cell and the second nearest side support cell in the circumferential direction are the first upstream support cell and the second upstream support cell in the circumferential direction. The right proximal support rod is the right upstream support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Wherein, the first proximal peak defined by the first nearest-side stent cell is the first upstream peak defined by the first most upstream stent cell. The left proximal support rod is the upper left support rod of the plurality of interconnected support rods. Specifically, the second proximal peak defined by the second nearest stent cell is the second upstream peak defined by the second most upstream stent cell. The flexible sheet is mechanically coupled to the right upstream support and the left upstream support, and The antenna is at least partially mechanically coupled to the frame via mechanical coupling to the flexible sheet between the right upstream strut and the left upstream strut.

29. An artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: The frame, when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, defines a central longitudinal axis, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells, wherein a plurality of distal stent cells of the plurality of stent cells are located in the distal half of the frame and define a plurality of distal peaks respectively. Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; An electrode is disposed at or near the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells, wherein a first distal stent strut and a second distal stent strut of the distal stent cell are connected to the distal peak. as well as Coupled materials, shaped to define: (a) A first strip, mechanically coupled to the first distal support strut, (b) A second strip, mechanically coupled to the second distal support strut, and (c) A junction that couples the first stripe and the second stripe together. This causes the first and second stripes to couple the electrode to the frame together at or near the distal peak.

30. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The plurality of distal support cells in the plurality of support cells are the plurality of farthest support cells in the plurality of support cells, and the one distal support cell in the plurality of distal support cells is the farthest support cell in the plurality of support cells.

31. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The first strip and the second strip are mechanically coupled to the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut respectively by sewing.

32. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The junction of the coupling material is mechanically coupled to the frame at the distal peak or nearby.

33. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The length of the first strip is at least 50% of the length of the first distal support strut.

34. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 33, characterized in that: The length of the first strip is greater than the length of the first distal support strut.

35. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 29, characterized in that: The length of the second strip is at least 50% of the length of the second distal support strut.

36. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 35, characterized in that: The length of the second strip does not exceed 100% of the length of the second distal support strut.

37. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 36, characterized in that: The distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells is the first distal stent cell among the plurality of distal stent cells. Wherein, the first distal stent cell in the plurality of distal stent cells is joined at a cell contact to a circumferentially adjacent second distal stent cell in the plurality of distal stent cells, and The second strip is mechanically coupled to the cell contact.

38. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 37, characterized in that: The second strip is mechanically coupled to the cell contact by sewing.

39. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 36, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve further includes: electrical leads electrically coupled to the electrodes, and The first strip is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of the electrical lead.

40. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 39, characterized in that: The first strip includes an electrical insulating element, and Wherein, at least a portion of the first electrically insulated lead wire.

41. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 40, characterized in that: The first strip includes an extension of a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated with the electrical leads.

42. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 39, characterized in that: It further includes: a circuit system electrically coupled to the electrode via the electrical leads.

43. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 36, characterized in that: The first strip and the second strip are outer first strip and outer second strip, respectively mechanically coupled to the radial outer sides of the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut. The coupling material is shaped to further define: (a) The inner first strip, mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the first distal support strut, and (b) The inner second strip, mechanically coupled to the radially inner side of the second distal support strut, Wherein, the junction of the coupling material couples the outer first strip, the outer second strip, the inner first strip, and the inner second strip together, and The outer first strip, the outer second strip, the inner first strip, and the inner second strip together couple the electrode to the frame at or near the distal peak.

44. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 43, characterized in that: The junction of the coupling material is folded over the distal peak.

45. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 44, characterized in that: The folded joint is mechanically coupled to the frame at the distal peak or nearby.

46. ​​The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 45, characterized in that: The frame further includes one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells.

47. An artificial heart valve system comprising any one of claims 29 to 46, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

48. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 46, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. Wherein, the distal half of the frame is the upstream half of the frame. Among them, the multiple distal peaks are multiple upstream peaks. Wherein, the plurality of distal support cells among the plurality of support cells are plurality of upstream support cells among the plurality of support cells, located in the upstream half of the frame and respectively defining the plurality of upstream peaks. Wherein, the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells is the upstream peak of one of the plurality of upstream stent cells, and Wherein, the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut of one of the plurality of distal support cells are the first upstream support strut and the second upstream support strut of one of the plurality of upstream support cells, and are connected to the upstream peak.

49. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 29 to 46, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. Wherein, the distal half of the frame is the downstream half of the frame. Among them, the multiple distal peaks are multiple downstream peaks. Wherein, the plurality of distal stent cells among the plurality of stent cells are plurality of downstream stent cells, located in the downstream half of the frame and respectively defining the plurality of downstream peaks. Wherein, the distal peak of one of the plurality of distal stent cells is the downstream peak of one of the plurality of downstream stent cells, and Wherein, the first distal support strut and the second distal support strut of one of the plurality of distal support cells are the first downstream support strut and the second downstream support strut of one of the plurality of downstream support cells, and are connected to the downstream peak.

50. An artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: A frame, defining a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame comprising a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells, the plurality of interconnected stent cells including: a first stent cell shaped to define: The two peaks consist of a distal peak and a proximal peak. Two side nodes, consisting of a left node and a right node. Two left support struts, comprising (a) a distal left support strut, connected to the distal peak and the left-side node, and (b) a proximal left support strut, connected to the proximal peak and the left-side node, and The two right support struts consist of (a) a distal right support strut, which is connected to the distal peak and the right node, and (b) a proximal right support strut, which is connected to the proximal peak and the right node; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; Electronic components are disposed at or near one of the plurality of peaks; and Coupled materials, shaped to define: (a) A first strip, mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of left support struts, (b) A second strip, mechanically coupled to at least one of the plurality of right support struts, and (c) A junction that couples the first stripe and the second stripe together. This causes the first and second bands to couple the electronic component to the frame together at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

51. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve includes a circuit system that contains the electronic components and is located at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

52. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The electronic component includes electrodes.

53. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The electronic component includes an energy storage module.

54. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The first and second stripes together, at or near one of the plurality of peaks, couple the electronic component to the frame, at least partially located outside the first support cell.

55. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The first strip and the second strip are mechanically coupled to at least one left support rod and at least one right support rod among the plurality of left support rods by sewing.

56. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The junction of the coupling material is mechanically coupled to the frame at or near one of the plurality of peaks.

57. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The length of the first strip is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one of the plurality of left support struts.

58. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 57, characterized in that: The length of the first strip is greater than the length of at least one of the plurality of left support struts.

59. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The length of the second strip is equal to at least 50% of the length of at least one of the plurality of right support struts.

60. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 59, characterized in that: The length of the second strip is greater than the length of at least one of the plurality of right support struts.

61. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The first strip is mechanically coupled to the left node.

62. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 61, characterized in that: The first strip is mechanically coupled to the left node by sewing.

63. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 50, characterized in that: The second strip is mechanically coupled to the right-side node.

64. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 63, characterized in that: The second strip is mechanically coupled to the right-side node by sewing.

65. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 50 to 64, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve further includes: electrical leads electrically coupled to the electronic components, and The first strip is mechanically coupled to at least a portion of the electrical lead.

66. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 65, characterized in that: The first strip includes an electrical insulating component. Wherein, at least a portion of the first electrically insulated lead wire.

67. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 66, characterized in that: The first strip includes an extension of a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated with the electrical leads.

68. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 50 to 67, characterized in that: The frame further includes one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells.

69. An artificial heart valve system comprising any one of claims 50 to 68, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

70. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 50 to 68, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve. The distal peak and the proximal peak are respectively the upstream peak and the downstream peak. The distal left support strut is the upstream left support strut. The proximal left support strut is the downstream left support strut. Wherein, the distal right support strut is the upstream right support strut, and The proximal right support strut is the downstream right support strut.

71. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 50 to 68, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve. The distal peak and the proximal peak are respectively the downstream peak and the upstream peak. The distal left support strut is the downstream left support strut. The proximal left support strut is the upstream left support strut. Wherein, the distal right support strut is the downstream right support strut, and The proximal right support strut is the upstream right support strut.

72. An artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: The frame defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is deployed in an expanded configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets, coupled to the frame, when the artificial heart valve is in the expanded deployment configuration, allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow; The circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame; Electrodes, mechanically coupled to the frame; Printed circuit board (PCB) is shaped to define the extension; as well as Electrical leads electrically couple the electrodes to the circuit system and are integrated with the extension portion of the PCB. The extension of the PCB is mechanically coupled to some of the multiple interconnecting support struts of the frame.

73. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The electrical leads are wrapped within the extension portion of the PCB.

74. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The extension of the PCB is oriented in a generally undulating shape along the plurality of interconnecting support struts.

75. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The extension of the PCB is shaped to follow the path of the plurality of interconnect bracket struts.

76. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The general shape of the extension of the PCB is the same as that of the plurality of interconnect bracket struts.

77. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is equal to 50% to 100% of the length of the frame measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

78. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is equal to 150% to 1000% of the maximum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB.

79. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension of the PCB, measured in a straight line between the endpoints of the extension, is 0.5 to 6 cm.

80. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion of the PCB and the electrode is equal to 50% to 100% of the length of the frame measured parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the frame.

81. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion of the PCB and the electrode is equal to 150% to 1000% of the maximum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB.

82. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The length of the extension portion between the circuit system portion and the electrode on the PCB is 0.5 to 6 cm.

83. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The width of the extension portion of the PCB is 0.4 to 1.5 mm, and the width is perpendicular to the thickness of the PCB.

84. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The width of the extension of the PCB is equal to 20% to 120% of the minimum dimension of the circuit system portion of the PCB perpendicular to the thickness of the circuit system portion, and the width is perpendicular to the thickness of the PCB.

85. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The electrode is mechanically coupled to the frame at the distal peak or near the distal end of one of the plurality of support cells.

86. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The cross-section of the support rod and the extension of the PCB, taken perpendicular to their respective longitudinal axes, is rectangular.

87. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the support rod to the thickness of the electrical lead is 5 to 15.

88. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 72, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the support strut to the thickness of the extension portion of the PCB is 2 to 5.

89. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 72 to 88, characterized in that: The circuit system includes (a) a circuit system portion of the PCB, distinct from the extension portion of the PCB, (b) a plurality of traces of the PCB, (c) a plurality of conductive pads of the PCB, and (d) a plurality of electronic components coupled to the PCB.

90. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 89, characterized in that: The circuit system section of the PCB is the first circuit system section of the PCB, and The PCB forming is defined as follows: The second circuit system section includes one or more electronic components, and An extension circuit system connection portion connects the first circuit system portion to the second circuit system portion, and includes electrical leads integrated with the extension circuit system connection portion.

91. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 90, characterized in that: The extension circuit system connection is circumferentially oriented around the circumferential portion of the frame.

92. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 90, characterized in that: The one or more electronic components of the second circuit system include an energy storage module.

93. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 89, characterized in that: The circuit system section of the PCB is located at the end of the PCB.

94. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 89, characterized in that: The extension portion of the PCB extends directly from the circuit system portion of the PCB.

95. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 89, characterized in that: The extension portion of the PCB is integrated with the circuit system portion of the PCB.

96. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 95, characterized in that: The electrical leads are manufactured as traces of the extension portion of the PCB and connected to one or more traces of the PCB, which are part of the circuit system.

97. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 72 to 88, characterized in that: The extension of the PCB is mechanically coupled to some of the multiple interconnecting support struts of the frame by means of stitching, and The extension portion of the PCB is shaped to define a plurality of protrusions along the extension portion, the plurality of protrusions inhibiting the seam from sliding along the extension portion, such that the seam securely fixes the extension portion of the PCB to the support strut.

98. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 97, characterized in that: The plurality of protrusions project laterally from the extension of the PCB in a plane defined by the PCB.

99. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 98, characterized in that: In a single direction, the average distance by which the lateral protrusions of the plurality of protrusions extend beyond the non-protruding portion of the extension is equal to 20% to 100% of the width of the extension of the PCB at each of the plurality of protrusions, the average distance and the plurality of widths being measured in the plane defined by the PCB.

100. The artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 72 to 88, characterized in that: The PCB's extension portion forks to define a main extension portion and two or more branched extension portions.

101. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 100, characterized in that: The electrical lead branching defines two or more branching portions that are integrated with the main portion and the respective plurality of branched extension portions of the extension portion of the PCB.

102. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 100, characterized in that: The electrical lead is one of a plurality of electrical leads, which are partially integrated with the main extension portion of the extension portion of the PCB and partially integrated with each of the plurality of branch extension portions of the extension portion of the PCB.

103. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 72 to 102, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

104. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 103, characterized in that: The circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

105. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 72 to 102, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

106. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 105, characterized in that: The circuit system is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets, and the electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

107. An artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve comprises: A frame that defines a central longitudinal axis when the artificial heart valve is in the compression delivery configuration, and the frame includes a plurality of interconnected stent struts arranged to define a plurality of interconnected stent cells; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. as well as An antenna, mechanically coupled to the frame, the antenna comprising: Magnetic core; and One or more coils are wound around the magnetic core. Wherein, at at least one location along the length of the magnetic core, in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the frame, the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter of the magnetic core has: (a) A shorter dimension, measured along a ray, said ray (i) radiates radially outward from said central longitudinal axis and (ii) intersects the centroid defined by said planar space enclosed by said outer perimeter, and (b) The longer dimension, measured in the plane perpendicular to the shorter dimension, and being at least 150% of the shorter dimension.

108. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 107, characterized in that: The longer dimension is at least 175% of the shorter dimension.

109. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 108, characterized in that: The longer dimension is at least 200% of the shorter dimension.

110. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 108, characterized in that: The longer dimension is no more than 400% of the shorter dimension.

111. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 107, characterized in that: The longer dimension shall not exceed 350% of the shorter dimension.

112. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 107, characterized in that: The central longitudinal axis intersects the plane defined by the outer perimeter of the outer side of the planar space.

113. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 107, characterized in that: The outer surface of the magnetic core is shaped to define axially oriented grooves. Wherein, at least one of the one or more coils comprises a wire, and The straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axial orientation groove to pass from the first axial end of at least one of the plurality of coils to the second axial end.

114. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 107, characterized in that: Further includes: Cathode and anode, mechanically coupled to the frame; and The circuit system is electrically coupled to the cathode, the anode, and the one or more coils.

115. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 114, characterized in that: The outer perimeter of the magnetic core is radially outwardly concave relative to the central longitudinal axis, the radially outwardly extending portion including the point on the outer perimeter furthest from the central longitudinal axis.

116. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 115, characterized in that: The maximum radially outward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter of the magnetic core is 1 to 5 millimeters.

117. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 115, characterized in that: The maximum radially outward radius of curvature of the outer perimeter of the magnetic core is 0.3 to 1.6 times the longer dimension.

118. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 115, characterized in that: The radially inward direction of the outer perimeter is flat, and the radially inward direction includes the point on the outer perimeter that is closest to the central longitudinal axis.

119. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 115, characterized in that: The outer perimeter is radially concave inward relative to the central longitudinal axis, and the radially inward includes one or more points on the outer perimeter that are closest to the central longitudinal axis.

120. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 119, characterized in that: The maximum radial radius of curvature inward of the outer perimeter is lower than the maximum radial radius of curvature outward of the outer perimeter.

121. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 119, characterized in that: The radially outward curvature of the outer perimeter includes: an arcuate portion of a circle.

122. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 121, characterized in that: The arcuate portion has a range of 45 to 180 degrees.

123. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 122, characterized in that: The measurement is 60 to 120 degrees.

124. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 114, characterized in that: The magnetic core is shaped to define the cavity, and The artificial heart valve further includes: a circuit system, at least partially disposed in the cavity, and electrically coupled to the one or more coils.

125. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 124, characterized in that: The circuit system is completely housed within the cavity.

126. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 124, characterized in that: The average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is 100 to 500 micrometers.

127. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 124, characterized in that: The average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is equal to 0.05 to 0.4 times the shorter dimension.

128. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 114, characterized in that: The magnetic core is elongated and slender. Wherein, the one or more coils include: The first coil, the second coil, and the third coil are wound around the slender magnetic core such that: The first coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the first coil, which coincides with the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core. The second coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the second coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first coil. The third coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the third coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first coil and the second coil. The second coil and the third coil intersect each other at the two longitudinal ends of the elongated magnetic core. The second coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core, or are defined at an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core.

129. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 128, characterized in that: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core, or are defined at an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated magnetic core.

130. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 128, characterized in that: The two longer sides intersect the first coil at a plurality of first positions, and each of the plurality of first positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

131. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 130, characterized in that: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil intersect the first coil at a plurality of second positions, and each of the plurality of second positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

132. The artificial heart valve as described in claim 128, characterized in that: The outer surface of the elongated magnetic core is shaped to define axially oriented grooves. The first coil includes a wire, and The straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axial orientation groove to pass from the first axial end of the first coil to the second axial end.

133. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 132, characterized in that: The frame further includes one or more delivery tool coupling tongues disposed proximal to the plurality of support cells.

134. An artificial valve system comprising an artificial heart valve as described in any one of claims 107 to 133, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: a delivery system, the delivery system comprising: A delivery sheath, in which the artificial heart valve is disposed when in the compression delivery configuration; and A user-controlled handle is located on the proximal side of the delivery sleeve, wherein the opposite free end of the delivery sleeve is the distal side of the delivery sleeve.

135. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 133, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve, and the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame downstream of the plurality of artificial valve leaflets.

136. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 133, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve, and the antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame upstream of the plurality of artificial valve leaflets.

137. The artificial heart valve according to any one of claims 107 to 133, characterized in that: The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame near the proximal side of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

138. An artificial heart valve system comprising any one of claims 107 to 137, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: an external unit, The one or more coils are one or more artificial valve coils, and The external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and includes: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling.

139. A device comprising an implantable medical device, characterized in that: The device includes: Antenna, comprising: The magnetic core is shaped to define the cavity; and One or more coils are wound around the magnetic core; and A circuit system, at least partially disposed in the cavity, and electrically coupled to the one or more coils.

140. The device as claimed in claim 139, characterized in that: The circuit system is completely housed within the cavity.

141. The device as claimed in claim 139, characterized in that: The average wall thickness of the magnetic core surrounding the cavity is 100 to 500 micrometers.

142. The device as claimed in claim 139, characterized in that: It further includes a cathode and an anode, electrically coupled to the circuit system.

143. The device as claimed in any one of claims 139 to 142, characterized in that: The implantable medical device includes: an artificial heart valve configured for delivery to a patient's own heart valve in a compression delivery configuration, the artificial heart valve comprising: The frame comprises: multiple interconnecting support struts arranged to define multiple interconnecting support cells; and Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame.

144. The device as claimed in claim 143, characterized in that: The antenna is mechanically coupled to the frame near the proximal side of the plurality of artificial leaflets.

145. The device as claimed in claim 143, characterized in that: In the compression delivery configuration of the artificial heart valve, the frame defines a central longitudinal axis, and Wherein, at at least one location along the length of the magnetic core, in a plane perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the frame, the planar space enclosed by the outer perimeter of the magnetic core has: (a) A shorter dimension, measured along a ray, said ray (i) radiates radially outward from said central longitudinal axis and (ii) intersects the centroid defined by said planar space enclosed by said outer perimeter, and (b) The longer dimension, measured in the plane perpendicular to the shorter dimension, and being at least 150% of the shorter dimension.

146. An artificial valve system comprising the device as described in claim 143, characterized in that: The artificial valve system further includes: an external unit, The one or more coils are one or more medical device coils, and The external unit is configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and includes: Energy transfer coils; and An external unit control circuit system is configured to drive the energy transfer coil to wirelessly transfer energy to at least one of the one or more medical device coils via inductive coupling.

147. An artificial heart valve system comprising an artificial heart valve, configured to deliver an autologous heart valve to a patient's heart in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve system includes: frame; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. Multiple electrodes, including one or more cathodes and one or more anodes, are mechanically coupled to the frame; and A circuit system electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to apply pacing to the heart using a subset of the plurality of electrodes, the subset being less than all of the plurality of electrodes, and including: at least one cathode of the one or more cathodes, and at least one anode of the one or more anodes.

148. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 147, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve system is configured to select the subset of the plurality of electrodes by separately activating different combinations of the plurality of electrodes at different times and selecting the subset of the plurality of electrodes that provides the most effective pacing.

149. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 148, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is configured to sense the heart's ECG, and wherein the artificial heart valve system is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes based on the sensed ECG when the disparate combinations of the plurality of electrodes are activated separately at disparate times.

150. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 148, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve system is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes by separately activating dissimilar combinations of the plurality of electrodes before each pulse of pacing is applied by the circuit system.

151. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 148, characterized in that: The circuitry of the artificial heart valve is configured to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes.

152. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 148, characterized in that: The circuit system is an artificial aortic valve circuit system, wherein the artificial heart valve system includes an external control cell, the external control cell including an external circuit system configured to select the subset of the plurality of electrodes.

153. The artificial heart valve system as described in any one of claims 147 to 152, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

154. The artificial heart valve system as described in any one of claims 147 to 152, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

155. An artificial valve system for use with a guidewire, characterized in that: The artificial valve system includes: (i) an artificial heart valve configured to be delivered to a patient's autologous heart valve in a compression delivery configuration using the guidewire, and the artificial heart valve comprising: (a) a frame; (b) a plurality of artificial leaflets coupled to the frame; (c) a cathode and an anode mechanically coupled to the frame; and (d) an antenna comprising one or more artificial valve coils electrically communicating with the cathode and the anode; and (ii) An external unit configured to be disposed on the outside of the patient's body and comprising: (a) Housing, shaped to define the guidewire receiving channel; (b) User control of rapid pacing; (c) Energy transfer coil; and (d) External unit control circuit system, configured as follows: The energy transfer coil is driven to wirelessly transmit energy to at least one of the one or more artificial valve coils via inductive coupling, and The artificial heart valve is activated only when the rapid pacing user control is activated and the guidewire is positioned in the guidewire receiving channel of the housing to apply rapid pacing using the cathode and the anode.

156. The artificial valve system as described in claim 155, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

157. The artificial valve system as described in claim 155, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

158. A device comprising an implantable medical device, characterized in that: The device includes: Antenna, comprising: A slender core; and The first coil, the second coil, and the third coil are wound around the slender core such that: The first coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the first coil, which is aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core. The second coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the second coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the first coil. The third coil is wound around the longitudinal axis of the third coil, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the first coil and the second coil. The second coil and the third coil intersect each other at the two longitudinal ends of the elongated core. The second coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core.

159. The device as claimed in claim 158, characterized in that: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil are parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core, or define an angle of less than 10 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the elongated core.

160. The device as claimed in claim 158, characterized in that: The two longer sides intersect the first coil at a plurality of first positions, and each of the plurality of first positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

161. The device as claimed in claim 160, characterized in that: The third coil has two longer sides and two shorter sides, and The two longer sides of the third coil intersect the first coil at a plurality of second positions, and each of the plurality of second positions defines an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with the first coil.

162. The device as claimed in claim 158, characterized in that: The outer surface of the elongated core is shaped to define an axially oriented groove, wherein the first coil includes a conductor, and wherein a straight portion of the conductor is at least partially disposed in the axially oriented groove to pass from a first axial end of the first coil to a second axial end.

163. An artificial heart valve system comprising an artificial heart valve, configured to deliver an autologous heart valve to a patient's heart in a compression delivery configuration, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve system includes: A frame comprising interconnecting support cells, the interconnecting support cells including: a plurality of distal support cells located in the distal half of the frame and shaped to define a plurality of distal peaks respectively; Multiple artificial leaflets are coupled to the frame to allow downstream blood flow and inhibit upstream blood flow when the artificial heart valve is in an expanded deployment configuration. Multiple electrodes, including: multiple distal electrodes, mechanically coupled to the frame at or near each of the multiple distal peaks; and A circuit system electrically coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to apply pacing to the heart by activating one or more of the plurality of distal electrodes as one or more anodes and activating one or more of the other plurality of distal electrodes as one or more cathodes.

164. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 163, characterized in that: The plurality of distal electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame at each of the plurality of distal peaks or within 8 mm.

165. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 163, characterized in that: The plurality of distal support cells are the plurality of the farthest support cells among the plurality of support cells.

166. The artificial heart valve system as described in claim 163, characterized in that: The plurality of distal peaks are respectively a plurality of upstream peaks, and wherein the plurality of distal electrodes are a plurality of upstream electrodes, and the plurality of upstream electrodes are mechanically coupled to the frame at or near each of the plurality of upstream peaks.

167. The artificial heart valve system as claimed in any one of claims 163 to 166, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial aortic valve.

168. The artificial heart valve system as described in any one of claims 163 to 166, characterized in that: The artificial heart valve is an artificial atrioventricular valve.

Images