Template

Abstract

A formwork (100) includes a plurality of walls (102). The wall (102) defines a plurality of cells (104). Each cell (104) extends from a first cell opening (124) to a second cell end (122). The plurality of cells (104) includes a plurality of peripheral cells (130). The plurality of cells (104) includes a plurality of internal cells (140).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a template. In particular, this disclosure relates to a template having a plurality of chambers defined by the walls of the template. Background Technology

[0002] Road surfaces can be constructed as flexible or rigid pavements. Each type of construction has its specific advantages and disadvantages. As described herein, road surfaces include any passable structures, materials, and / or substances positioned in areas designed to maintain vehicular or pedestrian traffic. For example, road surfaces include, but are not limited to, sidewalks, bike paths, roads, track beds, parking lots, and airport runways.

[0003] Flexible pavements include a subbase laid on a roadbed or existing natural material, a base course laid on top of the subbase, and an asphalt surface course laid on the base course. The surface course includes one or more layers of asphalt or hot-mix asphalt concrete (HMA).

[0004] The structural characteristics of flexible pavements are determined by the combination of different layers, and because the load is distributed to the bottom layer, the surface layer itself has negligible structural integrity.

[0005] Although the materials required for constructing flexible pavements are relatively inexpensive by volume, the nature of the construction means that, especially in roads that require support for high loads, the required depth and volume of material are significant, where highways need to provide more than one meter of additional material on top of the subgrade.

[0006] Therefore, the construction cost of flexible pavements (especially those subjected to high loads) is significant. Similarly, transporting the required volume of material to a distant location can present logistical challenges.

[0007] Damage to flexible pavements is also common because the surface layer does not have significant structural integrity and can be punctured by impacts, such as those caused by traffic loads forcing stones into the surface.

[0008] As a vehicle travels over the surface layer of a flexible road surface, the friction generated by the tires causes it to expand. Over time, this can lead to surface cracks, allowing water to gradually erode the surface layer from below and / or from the inside, resulting in larger cracks and potholes.

[0009] Repairing flexible pavements is difficult and expensive when cavities or voids (which may be caused by potholes or other defects) are present in the base or subbase, as the entire section must be excavated and repaved. Flexible pavements are also susceptible to extreme temperatures, which can cause the surface to become sticky. This can lead to further deterioration of the flexible pavement.

[0010] On the other hand, rigid pavements include a surface layer poured over the base course, typically in the form of a concrete slab, and optionally a subbase laid on the subgrade. The stiffness provided by the concrete slab allows for a more uniform load distribution, thus potentially allowing for a smaller or shallower base course.

[0011] Concrete is adversely affected by temperature changes, and expansion-related cracking can be mitigated by having several separate slabs, where adjacent slabs are held together, for example, by steel pins or tie rods.

[0012] Concrete is also relatively expensive by volume, and although rigid pavements require less depth to construct than flexible pavements, the cost per area is higher. Furthermore, the logistical challenges of supplying concrete to distant locations are significant, and therefore, rigid pavements are simply not a viable option for many remote applications.

[0013] Cracks are common in concrete due to high loads, especially cracking towards the edges of the slab where the supporting base layer may be more prone to shifting. Repairing concrete slabs is also more difficult than with flexible pavements because the cracked slab must be cut and new concrete poured in place, rather than simply filling small holes with asphalt or HMA products. Furthermore, repairing rigid pavements is difficult and expensive in cases of cavities or subgrade settlement, as the entire section must be excavated and repaved. Installing rigid pavements can generate significant CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions; total emissions during construction can be 5 to 6 times higher than with flexible pavements, primarily due to the volumetric effect of the concrete.

[0014] Therefore, known road construction methods are expensive, require large volumes of materials, and involve substantial CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, existing road surfaces, whether flexible or rigid, are difficult to repair when damaged.

[0015] It should be understood that if any prior art literature is cited in this article, such citation does not constitute an endorsement that such literature constitutes part of the general knowledge of the art in Australia or any other country. Summary of the Invention

[0016] In some embodiments, a template is provided. The template may include a plurality of walls. The walls at least partially define a plurality of chambers. In some embodiments, the walls define the plurality of chambers. Each chamber extends axially from a first chamber end to a second chamber end. The first chamber end of each chamber includes a first chamber opening. Each chamber extends axially from the first chamber opening to the second chamber end. The plurality of chambers includes a plurality of peripheral chambers. The plurality of chambers includes a plurality of internal chambers. The axial dimension of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the axial dimension of one or more of the internal chambers.

[0017] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of a particular chamber among the plurality of chambers is the distance between the opening of the first chamber and the end of the second chamber of the particular chamber, measured in the axial direction.

[0018] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of a particular chamber is the shortest distance between the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of the particular chamber, measured in the axial direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the plurality of peripheral cells includes a first subset of peripheral cells.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0021] In some embodiments, a template is provided. The template may include a plurality of walls. The walls at least partially define a plurality of chambers. In some embodiments, the walls define the plurality of chambers. Each chamber extends axially from a first chamber end to a second chamber end. The first chamber end of each chamber includes a first chamber opening. Each chamber extends axially from the first chamber opening to the second chamber end. The plurality of chambers may include a plurality of peripheral chambers. The plurality of chambers may include a plurality of internal chambers. The first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers of a first subset may be axially offset from the first chamber openings of one or more of the internal chambers.

[0022] In some embodiments, the inner chamber is inside the outer chamber relative to the outer chamber.

[0023] In some embodiments, the peripheral chamber defines at least a portion of the peripheral portion of the template.

[0024] In some embodiments, the inner chamber defines at least a portion of the inner portion of the template.

[0025] In some embodiments, the outer portion at least partially surrounds the inner chamber.

[0026] In some embodiments, the outer portion at least partially surrounds the inner portion.

[0027] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the axial dimension of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0028] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of a particular chamber among the plurality of chambers is the distance between the opening of the first chamber and the end of the second chamber of the particular chamber, measured in the axial direction.

[0029] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of a particular chamber is the shortest distance between the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of the particular chamber, measured in the axial direction.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening and second chamber end of one or more peripheral chambers are closer together than the first chamber opening and second chamber end of one or more internal chambers.

[0031] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of at least some of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers are parallel to the first chamber openings of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0033] In some embodiments, several chambers in a cell include a corresponding second chamber opening, with the second chamber opening of each chamber located at its second chamber end.

[0034] In some embodiments, each chamber includes a second chamber opening at the second chamber end of the respective chamber.

[0035] In some embodiments, one or more of the peripheral cells in the first subset of peripheral cells include a corresponding second cell opening, the second cell opening of each of the one or more peripheral cells being located at the second cell end of the corresponding peripheral cell.

[0036] In some embodiments, one or more of the internal chambers include a corresponding second chamber opening, the second chamber opening of the one or more internal chambers being located at the second chamber end of the corresponding internal chamber.

[0037] In some embodiments, the openings of the second chambers of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar.

[0038] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of peripheral chambers is coplanar with the second chamber opening of the inner chamber.

[0039] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers is transverse to the second chamber opening of the corresponding peripheral chamber.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are transverse to the first chamber openings of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0041] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers is parallel to the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers.

[0042] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers is parallel to the first chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0043] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers is transverse to the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers.

[0044] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers is transverse to the first chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0045] In some embodiments, the plurality of peripheral cells includes a second subset of peripheral cells.

[0046] In some embodiments, one or more of the peripheral cells in the second subset of peripheral cells include a corresponding second cell opening at the second cell end of the corresponding cell.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0048] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0049] In some embodiments, at least some of the second chamber openings in the peripheral chambers of the second subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar.

[0050] In some embodiments, at least some of the first chamber openings in the peripheral chambers of the second subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of peripheral chambers is coplanar with the first chamber opening of the inner chamber.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is transverse to the second chamber opening of the corresponding peripheral chamber.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers are transverse to the first chamber openings of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers is smaller than the first chamber opening of the corresponding chamber.

[0055] In some embodiments, the opening of the second chamber of one or more of the internal chambers is smaller than the opening of the first chamber of the corresponding chamber.

[0056] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is smaller than the first chamber opening of the corresponding chamber.

[0057] In some embodiments, the template further includes a cantilever wall.

[0058] In some embodiments, the cantilever wall extends inward into the corresponding peripheral chamber.

[0059] In some embodiments, the overhanging wall defines at least a portion of one of the plurality of compartments.

[0060] In some embodiments, the template includes multiple cantilever walls.

[0061] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls extend inward into the respective compartments.

[0062] In some embodiments, one or more of the overhanging walls define at least a portion of the chambers among the plurality of chambers.

[0063] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls extend inward into the respective peripheral chambers.

[0064] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls define at least a portion of the corresponding peripheral chamber.

[0065] In some embodiments, one or more of the overhanging walls are parallel to another overhanging wall.

[0066] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls are coplanar with one or more other cantilever walls.

[0067] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls extend inward into the respective internal chambers.

[0068] In some embodiments, one or more of the cantilever walls define at least a portion of the corresponding internal chamber.

[0069] In some embodiments, one or more of the overhanging walls are axially offset relative to one or more other overhanging walls.

[0070] In some embodiments, one or more of the overhanging walls defining at least a portion of the peripheral chamber are axially offset relative to one or more of the overhanging walls defining at least a portion of the internal chamber.

[0071] In some embodiments, the distance between one or more of the overhanging walls defining a portion of a corresponding peripheral cell, measured in the axial direction, and the first cell opening of the corresponding peripheral cell is less than the distance between one or more of the overhanging walls defining a portion of an internal cell, measured in the axial direction, and the first cell opening of the corresponding internal cell.

[0072] In some embodiments, the overhanging wall defines at least a portion of the second chamber opening of the respective chamber.

[0073] In some embodiments, at least some of the cells are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns.

[0074] In some embodiments, the shape of the cells in a particular row is the same as the shape of the other cells in that row.

[0075] In some embodiments, the plurality of rows comprises alternating rows of small chambers of a first shape.

[0076] In some embodiments, the plurality of rows comprises alternating rows of cells of a second shape.

[0077] In some embodiments, the first shape is octagonal.

[0078] In some embodiments, the second shape is rectangular.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first subset of the peripheral cells includes the first row of cells.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first subset of peripheral cells includes a first column of cells.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first row of cells and the first column of cells include a shared cell.

[0082] In some embodiments, the second subset of the peripheral cells includes the second row of cells.

[0083] In some embodiments, the second subset of the peripheral cells includes a second column of cells.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second row of cells and the second column of cells include at least one shared cell.

[0085] In some embodiments, the peripheral chamber is octagonal.

[0086] In some embodiments, the volume of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0087] In some embodiments, the volume of one or more of the peripheral chambers is larger than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0088] In some embodiments, the plurality of chambers includes one or more connecting chambers configured to receive a portion of the second template, thereby inhibiting movement between the template and the second template in at least one direction.

[0089] In some embodiments, the connecting chamber is circular.

[0090] In some embodiments, the one or more connecting chambers are at least partially defined by a wall that also defines at least a portion of one or more peripheral chambers.

[0091] In some embodiments, the one or more connecting cells are at least partially defined by walls that also define at least a portion of one or more peripheral cells in a first subset of peripheral cells.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the one or more connecting chambers is coplanar with one or more of the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0093] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of one or more connecting chambers is coplanar with one or more of the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0094] In some embodiments, the template further includes one or more protrusions configured to cooperate with another template to suppress relative movement between the templates.

[0095] In some embodiments, each of the one or more protrusions is configured to engage with a corresponding connecting chamber in another template.

[0096] In some embodiments, one or more of these protrusions are shaped such that the one or more protrusions can be received within a volume having the same size as one or more of these connecting chambers.

[0097] In some embodiments, the one or more protrusions protrude outward from one or more of the walls of the peripheral chambers defining the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0098] In some embodiments, the one or more protrusions are away from the first opening protrusion of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0099] In some embodiments, the one or more protrusions are closer to the second chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers than to the first chamber opening of those peripheral chambers.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first subset of peripheral cells and the second subset of peripheral cells are mutually exclusive.

[0101] In some embodiments, the walls defining one or more of the peripheral chambers form a closed loop.

[0102] In some embodiments, the walls defining one or more of the peripheral chambers do not form a closed loop. That is, they may form at least a portion of an open loop.

[0103] In some embodiments, the template is a permanent template.

[0104] In some embodiments, a template is provided. The template may include a plurality of walls. The walls may define a plurality of chambers. One or more of the chambers may extend in an axial direction. Each chamber may extend in an axial direction. One or more of the chambers may extend in an axial direction from a first chamber end to a second chamber end. One or more of the chambers may extend in an axial direction from a first chamber opening to a second chamber end. Each chamber may extend in an axial direction from a first chamber end to a second chamber end. Each chamber may extend in an axial direction from a first chamber opening to a second chamber end. The plurality of chambers may include a plurality of peripheral chambers. The plurality of chambers may include a plurality of internal chambers. The peripheral chambers may define at least a portion of a peripheral portion of the template. The internal chambers may define at least a portion of an internal portion of the template. The peripheral portion of the template may at least partially surround the internal portion of the template. The first chamber opening and second chamber end of the peripheral chambers may be closer together than the first chamber opening and second chamber end of one or more of the internal chambers. The plurality of peripheral chambers may include a first subset of peripheral chambers. The plurality of peripheral chambers may include a second subset of peripheral chambers. The first subset of peripheral chambers may include a first row of chambers. The first subset of the outermost cells can include the first column of cells.

[0105] In some embodiments, the first row of cells in the first subset of peripheral cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of peripheral cells include shared cells.

[0106] In some embodiments, the second subset of peripheral cells includes a second row of cells. In some embodiments, the second subset of peripheral cells includes a second column of cells. In some embodiments, the second row of cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of peripheral cells include shared cells.

[0107] In some embodiments, one or more peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

[0108] In some embodiments, at least one of the walls is the wall of the first peripheral chamber and the second peripheral chamber.

[0109] In some embodiments, one or more of the peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

[0110] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the first chamber openings of one or more of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the first chamber openings of one or more of the other peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0111] In some embodiments, each of the chambers includes a second chamber opening at the second chamber end of the respective chamber.

[0112] In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the second chamber openings of one or more of the other peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar with the second chamber openings of one or more of these inner chambers. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the second chamber openings of one or more of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the second chamber openings of a plurality of the inner chambers.

[0113] In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar with the first chamber openings of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers are axially offset from the first chamber openings of one or more other peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers.

[0114] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0115] In some embodiments, the template includes anchors. Anchors may extend from one of the walls defining the boundary of the peripheral chamber. The anchor may extend in a lateral direction from a first lateral end located on the wall from which it extends to a second lateral end, the second lateral end being a free end of the anchor. The anchor may extend in an axial direction from a first axial end to a second axial end, the second axial end being a second free end of the anchor.

[0116] In some embodiments, the lateral dimension of the anchor varies from a minimum lateral dimension at or near the first axial end to a maximum lateral dimension at the intermediate axial point of the anchor.

[0117] In some embodiments, the intermediate axial point is coplanar with the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by a wall from which the anchor extends. In some embodiments, the intermediate axial point is axially offset relative to the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by a wall from which the anchor extends.

[0118] In some embodiments, the lateral dimension of the anchor varies from a maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point to an intermediate dimension at the second axial end of the anchor. The intermediate dimension may be smaller than the maximum dimension.

[0119] In some embodiments, the anchor extends from its respective wall toward one or more other walls of the template.

[0120] In some embodiments, the anchor extends through a second chamber opening of a peripheral chamber partially defined by a wall from which the anchor extends.

[0121] In some embodiments, the second axial end of the anchor is farther from the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, than it is farther from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

[0122] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, is between the second axial end of the anchor and the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

[0123] In some embodiments, the anchor extends away from the wall of the template.

[0124] In some embodiments, the template includes at least one anchor for more than one peripheral cell in the second subset of peripheral cells.

[0125] In some embodiments, the template includes two anchors for each of a plurality of peripheral chambers within a peripheral chamber. The template may include two anchors for each of a plurality of peripheral chambers within a second subset of peripheral chambers. The template may include two anchors for each of a plurality of peripheral chambers within a first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0126] In some embodiments, an anchor extends from walls that define at least a portion of the boundary of a shared cell between a second row of cells and a second column of cells in a second subset of peripheral cells.

[0127] In some embodiments, the template is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The axis of symmetry can bisect the shared space between the first row of cells in the first subset of the outer cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of the outer cells. The axis of symmetry can also bisect the shared space between the second row of cells in the second subset of the outer cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the outer cells.

[0128] In some embodiments, the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a row of cells is the same as the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a column of cells. In some embodiments, the row of cells and the column of cells share cells.

[0129] In some embodiments, the template includes a repeating cell structure, wherein octagonal cells are adjacent to rectangular cells.

[0130] In some embodiments, one or more octagonal cells are adjacent to two or more rectangular cells.

[0131] In some embodiments, a template is provided. The template may include multiple walls. The walls may define multiple chambers. Each chamber may extend from an opening in a first chamber to an end in a second chamber. The multiple chambers may include multiple peripheral chambers. The multiple chambers may include multiple internal chambers.

[0132] In some embodiments, each chamber extends axially from the first chamber opening of the chamber to the second chamber end of the chamber.

[0133] In some embodiments, the peripheral chamber defines at least a portion of the peripheral portion of the template. In some embodiments, the inner chamber defines at least a portion of the inner portion of the template. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the template at least partially surrounds the inner portion of the template.

[0134] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of the peripheral chamber are closer together than the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0135] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the axial dimension of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0136] In some embodiments, the axial dimension of a particular chamber is the shortest distance between the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of the particular chamber, measured in the axial direction.

[0137] In some embodiments, the plurality of peripheral cells includes a first subset of peripheral cells. That is, peripheral cells may include a first subset of peripheral cells. In some embodiments, the plurality of peripheral cells includes a second subset of peripheral cells. That is, peripheral cells may include a second subset of peripheral cells. The first subset and the second subset of peripheral cells are mutually exclusive. That is, there are no shared cells between the first subset and the second subset of peripheral cells.

[0138] In some embodiments, the first subset of peripheral cells includes a first row of cells. In some embodiments, the first subset of peripheral cells includes a first column of cells.

[0139] In some embodiments, the first row of cells and the first column of cells include shared cells.

[0140] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0141] In some embodiments, the openings of the first chambers of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar.

[0142] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers.

[0143] In some embodiments, each of the chambers includes a second chamber opening located at the second chamber end of the respective chamber.

[0144] In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers are coplanar with the second chamber openings of one or more of the internal chambers.

[0145] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of peripheral chambers.

[0146] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of peripheral chambers.

[0147] In some embodiments, the second subset of peripheral cells includes a second row of cells. In some embodiments, the second subset of peripheral cells includes a second column of cells. In some embodiments, the second row of cells and the second column of cells include shared cells.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first row of cells is parallel to the second row of cells. In some embodiments, the first column of cells is parallel to the second column of cells.

[0149] In some embodiments, one or more peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

[0150] In some embodiments, at least one of the walls is the wall of the first peripheral chamber and the second peripheral chamber.

[0151] In some embodiments, the opening of the second chamber of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the opening of the first chamber of the corresponding peripheral chamber.

[0152] In some embodiments, the opening of the second chamber of one or more of the internal chambers is smaller than the opening of the first chamber of the corresponding chamber.

[0153] In some embodiments, the template further includes a cantilever wall that defines at least a portion of a particular chamber among the plurality of chambers.

[0154] In some embodiments, the cantilever wall extends orthogonally away from the axial wall of the template.

[0155] In some embodiments, the overhanging wall defines a second chamber opening for a particular chamber.

[0156] In some embodiments, the template includes multiple cantilever walls.

[0157] In some embodiments, one or more of the overhanging walls are parallel to another overhanging wall.

[0158] In some embodiments, at least some of the cells are arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns.

[0159] In some embodiments, the shape of the cells in a particular row is the same as the shape of the other cells in that row.

[0160] In some embodiments, the plurality of rows comprises alternating rows of first-shaped chambers and second-shaped chambers.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first shape is octagonal. In some embodiments, the second shape is rectangular.

[0162] In some embodiments, the peripheral chamber is octagonal.

[0163] In some embodiments, the volume of one or more of the peripheral chambers is smaller than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers. In some embodiments, the volume of one or more of the peripheral chambers is larger than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers.

[0164] In some embodiments, the plurality of chambers includes one or more connecting chambers. In some embodiments, the connecting chambers are configured to receive a portion of the second template, thereby inhibiting movement between the template and the second template in at least one direction.

[0165] In some embodiments, the connecting chamber is circular.

[0166] In some embodiments, the one or more connecting cells are at least partially defined by walls that also define at least a portion of one or more peripheral cells in a first subset of peripheral cells.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first chamber opening of the one or more connecting chambers is coplanar with one or more of the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0168] In some embodiments, the template further includes one or more protrusions. The one or more protrusions are configured to cooperate with another template to suppress relative movement between the templates.

[0169] In some embodiments, each of the one or more protrusions is configured to engage with a corresponding connecting chamber in another template.

[0170] In some embodiments, one or more of these protrusions are shaped such that the one or more protrusions can be received within a volume having the same size as one or more of these connecting chambers.

[0171] In some embodiments, the one or more protrusions protrude outward from one or more of the walls of the peripheral chambers defining the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0172] In some embodiments, the one or more protrusions are away from the first opening protrusion of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first subset of peripheral cells and the second subset of peripheral cells are mutually exclusive.

[0174] In some embodiments, the walls defining one or more of the peripheral chambers form a closed loop. In some embodiments, the walls defining one or more of the peripheral chambers form an open loop.

[0175] In some embodiments, the template further includes anchors. Anchors may extend from one of the walls defining the boundary of the peripheral chamber. Anchors may extend in a lateral direction from a first lateral end located on the wall from which they extend to a second lateral end, the second lateral end being a free end of the anchor. Anchors may extend in an axial direction from a first axial end to a second axial end, the second axial end being a second free end of the anchor.

[0176] In some embodiments, the lateral dimension of the anchor varies from a minimum lateral dimension at or near the first axial end to a maximum lateral dimension at the intermediate axial point of the anchor.

[0177] In some embodiments, the intermediate axial point is coplanar with the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by a wall from which anchors extend.

[0178] In some embodiments, the lateral dimension of the anchor varies from a maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point to an intermediate dimension at the second axial end of the anchor, which is smaller than the maximum dimension.

[0179] In some embodiments, the anchor extends from its respective wall toward one or more other walls of the template.

[0180] In some embodiments, the anchor extends through a second chamber opening of a peripheral chamber partially defined by a wall from which the anchor extends.

[0181] In some embodiments, the second axial end of the anchor is farther from the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, than it is farther from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

[0182] In some embodiments, the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, is between the second axial end of the anchor and the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

[0183] In some embodiments, the anchor extends away from the wall of the template.

[0184] In some embodiments, the template includes at least one anchor for more than one peripheral cell in the second subset of peripheral cells.

[0185] In some embodiments, the template includes two anchors for each of a plurality of peripheral cells in a second subset of peripheral cells.

[0186] In some embodiments, an anchor extends commonly from walls that define at least a portion of the boundary of a shared cell between a second row of cells in the second subset of peripheral cells and a second column of cells in the second subset of peripheral cells. In some embodiments, an anchor extends commonly from walls that define at least a portion of the boundary of a shared cell between a second row of cells in the second subset of peripheral cells and a second column of cells in the second subset of peripheral cells.

[0187] In some embodiments, the template is symmetrical about an axis of symmetry. The axis of symmetry can bisect the shared space between the first row of cells in the first subset of the outer cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of the outer cells. The axis of symmetry can also bisect the shared space between the second row of cells in the second subset of the outer cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the outer cells.

[0188] In some embodiments, the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a row of cells is the same as the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a column of cells. In some embodiments, the row of cells and the column of cells share cells.

[0189] In some embodiments, the template includes a repeating cell structure, wherein octagonal cells are adjacent to rectangular cells. In some embodiments, one or more octagonal cells are adjacent to two or more rectangular cells. In some embodiments, the template is a permanent template.

[0190] In some embodiments, a road surface including a template is provided. Attached Figure Description

[0191] Embodiments of this disclosure are further described below by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a cross-section of a conventionally constructed flexible pavement, showing the different material layers; Figure 2 This is a cross-section of a conventionally constructed rigid pavement, showing the different material layers; Figure 3 This is a cross-section of a conventionally constructed flexible pavement, showing the distribution of loads applied to the flexible pavement by vehicle wheels; Figure 4 The cross-section of a conventionally constructed rigid pavement is shown, illustrating the distribution of loads applied to the rigid pavement by vehicle wheels. Figure 5 A perspective view of a template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 5A Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram, in which the first subset of the outer chambers and the second subset of the outer chambers are identified; Figure 6 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 5 The 3D diagram is labeled with the first 3D region, the second 3D region, the third 3D region, and the fourth 3D region. Figure 7 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 6 The first 3D area marked in the middle; Figure 8 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 6 The second 3D area is marked in the middle; Figure 9 An alternative perspective view of a portion of a template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 10 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 6 The third stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 11 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 6 The fourth stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 12 A perspective view of another portion of the template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 13 Another perspective view of the template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 14 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 13 The three-dimensional diagram is marked with the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth three-dimensional regions. Figure 15 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 14 The fifth stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 16 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 14 The sixth stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 17 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 14 The seventh stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 18 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 14 The eighth stereoscopic area marked in the middle; Figure 19 A top view of a template according to some embodiments is shown, wherein a first top view area, a second top view area, a third top view area, and a fourth top view area are identified; Figure 20 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 19 The first top view area is marked in the middle, in which the first cross-sectional plane is marked; Figure 21 A plan view of a first cross-sectional plane according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 22 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 19 The second top view area is marked in the middle; Figure 23 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 19 The third top view area marked in the middle; Figure 24 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 19 The fourth top view area is marked in the middle, where the second cross-sectional plane is marked; Figure 25 A plan view of the second cross-sectional plane according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 26 A front view of a template according to some embodiments is shown, wherein a first front view area and a second front view area are identified; Figure 27 A first side view of a template according to some embodiments is shown, wherein a first side view area and a second side view area are identified; Figure 28 A rear view of a template according to some embodiments is shown, wherein a first rear view area and a second rear view area are identified; Figure 29 A second side view of a template according to some embodiments is shown, wherein a third side view area and a fourth side view area are identified; Figure 30 A first front view area according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 31 A second front view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 32 A first side view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 33 A second side view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 34 A first rear view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 35 A second rear view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 36 A third side view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 37 A fourth side view area is shown according to some embodiments; Figure 38 A bottom view of a template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 39 A perspective view of another embodiment of the template according to some embodiments is shown; Figure 40 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 39 The top view of the template, in which the cross-sectional planes are identified; Figure 41 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 39 An enlarged 3D view of a portion of the template; Figure 42 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 39 Another 3D view of the template; Figure 43 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 39 The bottom 3D view of the template; Figure 44 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 40 An enlarged view of the cross-sectional plane marked in the middle; Figure 45 Templates according to some embodiments are shown in Figure 40 A three-dimensional view of the section cut at the plane marked in the middle; Figure 46 The following are illustrations based on some embodiments. Figure 39 Multiple templates are created using a template, with arrows indicating how the templates can be connected together; Figure 47 The following are illustrations based on some embodiments. Figure 5 Multiple templates manufactured using templates, with arrows indicating how the templates can be joined together to form part of a curved path; and Figure 48 Illustrations are shown according to some embodiments Figure 39 A 3D view of the connecting room of the template. Detailed Implementation

[0192] This disclosure relates to a template. The template is configured for use during path construction. In other words, the template is used for path construction. The path may be in the form of a pavement. Therefore, the template can be said to be used for pavement construction. As described herein, a path includes any passable structure, material, and / or substance positioned in an area intended to maintain vehicular or pedestrian traffic. For example, paths include, but are not limited to, sidewalks, bike paths, roads, track beds, parking lots, and airport runways. A path may include any suitable surface layer. The surface layer may include one or more of cementitious materials, asphalt materials, and granular filler materials. For the purposes of this disclosure, a path may be referred to as a pavement.

[0193] The path can be constructed using the templates disclosed herein. Multiple templates (one or more of which are in the form of the templates disclosed herein) can be used during path construction. In order to construct the path, the templates need to be installed in place and infill material needs to be provided on the templates.

[0194] The template disclosed herein includes multiple walls. Each wall defines multiple chambers. Each chamber extends axially from an opening in a first chamber to an end in a second chamber. The template includes multiple peripheral chambers defining at least a portion of a peripheral portion of the template. Specifically, some of the walls defining the multiple peripheral chambers define at least a portion of the periphery of the template. The template includes multiple internal chambers within the peripheral portion of the template. One or more of the peripheral chambers have an axial dimension smaller than one or more of the internal chambers. In this way, the template can be connected to multiple other templates, wherein the peripheral chambers of each adjacent template overlap. This overlap is achieved by the smaller axial dimension of the peripheral chambers. The chambers of the template can be filled with a filler material that fills the peripheral chambers of adjacent templates.

[0195] When a force is applied to the formwork and / or infill material, causing the formwork to be pushed laterally, the walls of the outer chambers forming the formwork, as well as the corresponding walls on another formwork overlapping the outer chambers, can act to compress the infill material within the outer chambers. By being configured to cooperate with adjacent formwork to compress the infill material within the outer chambers in response to applied loads, the formwork allows the utilization of the compressive strength of the infill material, thereby improving the structural integrity of the pavement formed using the formwork. In some embodiments, the infill material is concrete. The dimensions of the formwork walls are also determined to accommodate the expansion and compression of the infill material, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for expansion gaps in the path.

[0196] Anchors extend from the walls of a subset of the outermost chambers defining the formwork. When embedded within the infill material (such as concrete), the anchors inhibit relative movement between the formwork and the infill material. The anchors also inhibit relative movement between adjacent formwork sections. In this way, the anchors reduce the likelihood of adjacent formwork sections and / or infill material moving outside or around the outermost chambers. This reduces the likelihood of infill material cracking.

[0197] Flexible pavement 2 Figure 1 The flexible pavement 2 is shown. The flexible pavement 2 is constructed using conventional construction methods. The flexible pavement 2 includes a surface layer 4, a base layer 6, and a subbase layer 8 disposed on top of the subgrade 10. It should be understood that the subbase layer 8 may be optional. Figure 2 Rigid pavement 12 is shown. Rigid pavement 12 is constructed using conventional construction methods. Rigid pavement 12 includes a surface layer 14, a base layer 16, and a subbase layer 18 disposed on top of the subgrade 20. It should be understood that the subbase layer 18 may be optional.

[0198] Figure 3 A typical load 24 is shown when applied to a flexible pavement 22 under conventional construction. Figure 3The distribution 26 of the load 24 to the base layer 28 or other subbase layer of the flexible pavement 22 is also shown. Figure 4 The typical load 34 applied to a rigid pavement 32 under conventional construction is shown. Figure 4 The distribution 36 of the load 34 to the base course 38 or other subbase course of the rigid pavement 32 is also shown.

[0199] Template 100 Figures 5 to 38 Template 100 is shown according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0200] Figure 5 and Figure 6 A perspective view of template 100 is shown. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The stereoscopic image can be considered the first stereoscopic image. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The stereoscopic view can be called the upper stereoscopic view. In Figure 6 The first stereoscopic region, 160, is marked in the middle. Figure 6 The second stereoscopic region, 162, is marked in the image. Figure 6 The third stereoscopic area, 164, is marked in the image. Figure 6 The fourth stereoscopic area, 166, is marked in the middle. Figure 7 An enlarged view of the first stereoscopic region 160 is shown. Figure 8 An enlarged view of the second stereoscopic region 162 is shown. Figure 9 Another enlarged perspective view of template 100 is shown, from the perspective of... Figure 8 Different perspectives show at least a portion of the second stereoscopic region 162. Figure 10 An enlarged view of the third stereoscopic region 164 is shown. Figure 11 An enlarged view of the fourth stereoscopic region 166 is shown. Figure 12 An enlarged perspective view of the internal region of template 100 is shown.

[0201] Figure 13 and Figure 14 Another perspective view of template 100 is shown. Figure 13 and Figure 14 The stereoscopic image can be considered a second stereoscopic image. Figure 13 and Figure 14 The stereoscopic view can be called the lower stereoscopic view. In Figure 14 The fifth stereoscopic area, region 168, is marked in the middle. Figure 14 The sixth stereoscopic area, 170, is marked in the middle. Figure 14 The seventh stereoscopic area, 172, is marked in the diagram. Figure 14 The eighth stereoscopic area, 174, is marked in the middle. Figure 15An enlarged view of the fifth stereoscopic region 168 is shown. Figure 16 An enlarged view of the sixth stereoscopic region 170 is shown. Figure 17 An enlarged view of the seventh stereoscopic region 172 is shown. Figure 18 An enlarged view of the eighth stereoscopic region 174 is shown.

[0202] Figure 19 A top view of template 100 is shown. Figure 19 The first top view area 176 is marked in the middle. Figure 19 The first cross-sectional plane 177 is marked in the text. Figure 19 The second top view area 178 is marked in the middle. Figure 19 The third top view area, 180, is marked in the middle. Figure 19 The fourth top view area, 182, is marked in the middle. Figure 19 The second cross-sectional plane 183 is marked in the middle. Figure 20 An enlarged view of the first top view area 176 is shown. Figure 21 The first cross-sectional plane 177 is shown. Figure 22 An enlarged view of the second top view area 178 is shown. Figure 23 An enlarged view of the third top view area 180 is shown. Figure 24 An enlarged view of the fourth top view area 182 is shown. Figure 25 The second cross-sectional plane 183 is shown.

[0203] Figure 26 A front view of template 100 is shown. Figure 26 The first front view area 184 is marked in the middle. Figure 26 The second front view area 186 is marked in the middle. Figure 30 An enlarged view of the first front view area 184 is shown. Figure 31 An enlarged view of the second front view area 186 is shown.

[0204] Figure 27 A first side view of template 100 is shown. This first side view can be considered as a right-side view. Figure 27 The first side view area 188 is marked in the middle. Figure 27 The second side view area 190 is marked in the middle. Figure 32 An enlarged view of the first side view area 188 is shown. Figure 33 An enlarged view of the second side view area 190 is shown.

[0205] Figure 28 A rear view of template 100 is shown. Figure 28 The first rear view area 192 is marked in the middle. Figure 28 The second rear view area 194 is marked in the middle. Figure 34 An enlarged view of the first rear view area 192 is shown. Figure 35 An enlarged view of the second rear view area 194 is shown.

[0206] Figure 29 A second side view of template 100 is shown. This second side view can be considered as a left-side view. Figure 29 The third side view area 196 is marked in the middle. Figure 29 The fourth side view area 198 is marked in the middle. Figure 36 An enlarged view of the third side view area 196 is shown. Figure 37 An enlarged view of the fourth side view area 198 is shown.

[0207] Figure 38 A bottom view of template 100 is shown.

[0208] Template 100 includes a body 109. Template 100 can be said to be in the form of body 109. Template 100 extends along a first axis 141 (see...). Figure 26 The first axis 141 can be referred to as the axial axis. The axial direction 110 of the template 100 is parallel to the first axis 141. The template 100 extends from the first end 111 to the second end 113. The template 100 extends from the first end 106 to the second end 113 in the axial direction 110. The body 109 can be considered to extend from the first end 111 to the second end 113. The first end 111 can be referred to as the upper end of the template 100. The second end 113 can be referred to as the lower end of the template 100. The template 100 has a first end face 115 and its first end 111. The first end face 115 is planar. The template 100 has a second end face 117 at its second end 113. The second end face 117 is planar. The area of ​​the second end face 117 is greater than the area of ​​the first end face 115. The distance between the first end 111 and the second end 113 of the template 100 can be referred to as the height of the template 100.

[0209] Template 100 extends along the second axis 173 (see...) Figure 19 The second axis 173 may be referred to as the first lateral axis. The first lateral direction 201 of the template 100 is parallel to the second axis 173. The template 100 extends from the first lateral end 181 to the second lateral end 219 (see...). Figure 19 Template 100 extends from a first lateral end 181 to a second lateral end 219 in a first lateral direction 201. The distance between the first lateral end 181 and the second lateral end 219 of template 100, measured in the first lateral direction 201, can be referred to as the width of template 100.

[0210] Template 100 extends along the third axis 175 (see...) Figure 19The third axis 175 can be referred to as the second lateral axis. The second lateral direction 179 of the template 100 is parallel to the third axis 175. The template 100 extends from the third lateral end 185 to the fourth lateral end 187 in the second lateral direction 179. The distance between the third lateral end 185 and the fourth lateral end 187, measured in the second lateral direction 179, can be referred to as the length of the template 100. The length of the template 100 is equal to the width of the template 100. The height of the template 100 is less than the length of the template 100. The height of the template 100 is less than the width of the template 100.

[0211] The first axis 141 is orthogonal to the second axis 173. The first axis 141 is orthogonal to the third axis 175. The second axis 173 is orthogonal to the third axis 175.

[0212] Template 100 includes walls 102. Template 100 includes several walls 102. In particular, template 100 includes multiple walls 102. The walls 102 can be collectively referred to as the body 109 of template 100. That is, template 100 includes body 109, and body 109 includes walls 102. The walls 102 can be collectively referred to as wall structures. That is, template 100 may include wall structures, and wall structures include walls 102.

[0213] Template 100 includes an opening 101. Specifically, template 100 defines the opening 101. The body 109 of template 100 defines the opening 101. A wall 102 defines the opening 101. Template 100 includes a plurality of openings 101. That is, template 100 defines the plurality of openings 101. The opening 101 is defined between points on one or more walls of wall 102. The opening 101 may be referred to as the opening 101 of template 100.

[0214] Template 100 includes chambers 104. Specifically, template 100 includes a plurality of chambers 104. Each chamber 104 may be referred to as a chamber 104 of template 100. Walls 102 define the chambers 104. Specifically, walls 102 define the plurality of chambers 104. Each chamber 104 is defined by a plurality of walls in the walls 102. Each chamber 104 is defined by one or more walls 102. Each of the plurality of chambers 104 is defined by a plurality of walls in the walls 102. Some walls 102 define more than a portion of a chamber 104.

[0215] The chamber 104 can be considered as a volume defined by the wall 102. In particular, the wall 102 defines the boundary of the chamber 104.

[0216] One or more of the chambers 104 can be considered as volumes at least partially defined by the respective walls 102. The walls 102 can be considered as boundaries of the chambers 104. The walls 102 can be considered as defining the boundaries of the chambers 104. One or more of the chambers 104 can be considered as volumes defined by the respective walls 102.

[0217] One or more of the chambers 104 may be defined at least partially by one or more of the openings 101. That is, the openings 101 may be considered to define the boundaries of the chambers 104. Alternatively, the openings 101 may be the boundaries of the chambers 104.

[0218] One or more of the chambers 104 may be partially defined by walls 102 and partially by one or more openings 101 formed by these walls 102. That is, the boundary of the chamber 104 is formed by one or more walls 102 and one or more openings 101 of the template 100. Some of the boundaries of the chamber 104 may be formed by walls 102. Some of the boundaries of the chamber 104 may be formed by openings 101. It should be understood that since the walls 102 define the openings 101, the chamber 104 can be simply considered to be defined by the walls 102.

[0219] In the illustrated configuration, each chamber 104 can be considered as being defined by a plurality of walls 102 and a plurality of openings 101 defined by these walls 102. A wall 102 can be considered as the boundary of the chamber 104. Each wall 102 can be considered as or defines the boundary of the chamber 104. An opening 101 can be considered as the boundary of the chamber 104. Each opening 101 can be considered as or defines the boundary of the chamber 104. An opening 101 can be referred to as a chamber opening.

[0220] Each chamber 104 can be considered to have a shape. Therefore, each chamber 104 has a shape. The shape of the chamber 104 is the shape of the volume defined by the walls 102 that define the chamber 104 and the openings 101 defined by those walls 102. The shape of each chamber 104 is three-dimensional.

[0221] One or more of the chambers 104 are octagonal. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple chambers 104 are octagonal. Specifically, one or more of the chambers 104 are at least partially octagonal prisms. The octagonal prisms may have rounded corners. The octagonal prisms may have curved wall portions. One or more of the chambers 104 may be in the form of two connected octagonal prisms, one prism being larger than the other. Such chambers 104 can still be considered octagonal. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple chambers 104 are in the form of two connected octagonal prisms. It should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the chambers 104 may take different shapes.

[0222] One or more of the chambers 104 are rectangular. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple chambers 104 are rectangular. Specifically, one or more of the chambers 104 are at least partially rectangular prisms in shape. The rectangular prisms may have rounded corners. One or more of the chambers 104 may be in the form of two connected rectangular prisms, one prism being larger than the other. Such chambers 104 can still be considered rectangular. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple chambers 104 are in the form of two connected rectangular prisms. It should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the chambers 104 may take different shapes.

[0223] One or more of the chambers 104 are circular. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple chambers 104 are circular. Specifically, one or more of the chambers 104 are at least partially cylindrical in shape. The shape of one or more of the chambers 104 may be in the form of two connected cylinders, one cylinder being larger than the other. That is, the radius of one of the cylinders may be larger than the radius of the other cylinder. Such a chamber 104 can still be considered cylindrical. It should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the chambers 104 may take different shapes.

[0224] Template 100 includes repeating chamber structures. That is, multiple repeating chamber structures in the walls 102 defining chamber 104 form at least a portion of template 100. The repeating chamber structures include first-shaped chambers adjacent to second-shaped chambers. First-shaped chambers may share walls with second-shaped chambers. That is, first-shaped and second-shaped chambers have common walls. First-shaped and second-shaped chambers may have more than one common wall. The first shape may be octagonal. The first shape may alternatively be triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or heptagonal. The first shape may have rounded corners. The first shape may have one or more curved sides. The first shape may have multiple curved sides. It should be understood that the first shape may be the shape of a planar cross-section of the first-shaped chamber at one or more heights of the chamber. The second shape may be rectangular. The second shape may alternatively be triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, or heptagonal. The second shape can be a triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, or heptagon. The second shape can have rounded corners. The second shape can have one or more curved sides. The second shape can have multiple curved sides. It should be understood that the second shape can be the shape of a planar cross-section of a chamber of the second shape at one or more heights of the chamber.

[0225] See Figure 19 and Figure 40 The template 100 described herein includes octagonal cells 104 adjacent to rectangular cells 104. That is, the template 100 includes a repeating cell structure where octagonal cells 104 are adjacent to rectangular cells 104. Cells of a first shape may be octagonal cells 104. Cells of a second shape may be rectangular cells 104. This cell structure exists within inner cells 140. That is, a wall 102 defining the inner cells 104 defines the cell structure where octagonal cells and rectangular cells are adjacent. The octagonal cells and rectangular cells share wall 102. That is, the shared wall 102 defines a portion of the octagonal cells and a portion of the rectangular cells. This cell structure also exists across the boundary between the outer cells 130 and the inner cells 104. Specifically, the outer cells 104 are octagonal. Several inner cells 140 adjacent to the outer cells 130 (i.e., sharing the shared wall 102) together with the associated outer cells 130 define a repeating cell structure. An octagonal outer chamber 130 defines one of the chamber structures. A rectangular inner chamber 140 defines another chamber structure.

[0226] In other words, one of the plurality of inner chambers 140 is adjacent to four octagonal chambers. One or more of these octagonal chambers may be outer chambers 130. Two or more of these octagonal chambers may be another inner chamber 140. The inner chamber 140 is also adjacent to four rectangular chambers 104. Each of these rectangular chambers 104 is an inner chamber 140. One or more of the rectangular chambers 104 are adjacent to the plurality of octagonal chambers. Specifically, each rectangular chamber 104 is adjacent to four octagonal chambers 104. One or more of these octagonal chambers 104 may be outer chambers 130. Two or more of these octagonal chambers 104 may be outer chambers 130. Three of these octagonal chambers may be outer chambers 130. One or more of these octagonal chambers may be inner chambers 140. In some cases, all of these octagonal chambers are inner chambers 140. In other words, in some cases, all four octagonal cells adjacent to the rectangular cell are internal cells 140.

[0227] Template 100 includes a plurality of axial walls 107. Wall 102 includes axial walls 107. Template 100 includes a plurality of cantilever walls 103. Wall 102 includes cantilever walls 103. Cantilever walls 103 extend in a direction transverse to the axial walls 107. Specifically, cantilever walls 103 are orthogonal to the axial walls 107. Axial walls 107 extend orthogonally relative to cantilever walls 103. That is, cantilever walls 103 form cantilevers relative to axial walls 107. One or more of chambers 104 are at least partially defined by the plurality of axial walls 107. One or more of chambers 104 are at least partially defined by one or more cantilever walls 103. Cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of chamber 104 meet at a joint 105. Joint 105 may include a curved wall portion. The curved wall portion may be curved radially. In other words, the transition from one cantilever wall 103 to an adjacent cantilever wall 103 may occur at the curved wall portion. The curved wall portion bends along a radius measured on a plane orthogonal to the axial axis of template 100.

[0228] Wall 102 includes a first end 106 and a second end 108 (see...) Figure 7 One or more of the walls 102 include a first end 106 and a second end 108. Specifically, each wall 102 includes a first end 106 and a second end 108. The first end 106 of the wall 102 may be referred to as the upper end. The first end 106 of the wall 102 may be referred to as the first axial end. When the template 100 is in use, the first end 106 of the wall 102 faces upwards. The second end 108 of the wall 102 may be referred to as the lower end. The second end 108 of the wall 102 may be referred to as the second axial end. When the template 100 is in use, the second end 108 of the wall 102 is lower than the first end 106.

[0229] Wall 102 extends from its first end 106 to its second end 108. One or more of walls 102 extend from their first end 106 to their second end 108. In the illustrated embodiment, each wall 102 extends from its first end 106 to its second end 108. Specifically, wall 102 extends from its first end 106 to its second end 108 in the axial direction 110 of the template 100. The distance between the first end 106 and the second end 108 of wall 102, measured in the axial direction 110, can be considered as the height of the respective wall 102. If the longest dimension of wall 102 is in the axial direction 110, then the wall can be referred to as axial wall 107. If wall 102 is longer in the axial direction 110 than in at least one other direction orthogonal to the axial direction 110, then the wall can be referred to as axial wall 107. If wall 102 is longer in the axial direction 110 than in two other directions orthogonal to the axial direction 110, then the wall can be called axial wall 107, and those two other directions are also orthogonal to each other.

[0230] The normal plane of the template is orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The normal plane may bisect one or more of the chambers 104. The normal plane may be referred to as the plane of the template 100.

[0231] Wall 102 includes a first lateral end 112 and a second lateral end 114. Specifically, each of wall 102 includes a first lateral end 112 and a second lateral end 114 (see...). Figure 7 Each wall 102 extends from a first lateral end 112 to a second lateral end 114. The length of the wall 102 may be the distance along the wall 102 between the first lateral end 112 and the second lateral end 114.

[0232] Each wall 102 extends from its first lateral end 112 to its second lateral end 114 in a first normal direction. The first normal direction is orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The first normal direction is parallel to the normal plane of the template 100. The first normal direction of the wall 102 is referred to as the lateral direction of the wall 102. Since the walls 102 are not all aligned (i.e., some walls 102 are transverse to other walls 102, or some walls 102 are curved), the first normal direction of a particular wall 102 may differ from the first normal direction of another wall 102. The first normal direction of the wall 102 may vary along the length of the wall 102. When the corresponding wall 102 is straight, the first normal direction may be straight. When the corresponding wall 102 is curved, the first normal direction may be curved along the length of the wall 102. That is, if the wall 102 is curved, the first normal direction of the wall 102 may vary along the length of the wall 102. Specifically, the first normal direction of wall 102 can vary as wall 102 extends laterally from its first lateral end 112 toward its second lateral end 114. The distance between the first lateral end 112 and the second lateral end 114 of wall 102, measured along the first normal direction, can be considered as the length of wall 102. It should be understood that in the case of a bend in the wall 102, the length of wall 102 can be determined along the length of the bend in wall 102, rather than as a straight-line distance between the first lateral end 112 and the second lateral end 114 of wall 102.

[0233] If the length of wall 102 is its longest dimension, then wall 102 can be referred to as normal wall 102. Such a wall can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. That is, if wall 102 is longer than it is in the axial direction 110 in at least one direction orthogonal to axial direction 110, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. If wall 102 is longer than it is in the axial direction 110 in one direction orthogonal to axial direction 110, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. If wall 102 is longer than it is in the axial direction 110 in two directions orthogonal to axial direction 110, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103, and these two directions are also orthogonal. Therefore, if wall 102 is longer than it is in the axial direction 110 in at least one direction orthogonal to axial direction 110, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. In other words, if the length of wall 102 in the axial direction 110 is not its longest length, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103.

[0234] Throughout this specification, the term "transverse" can be interpreted as non-parallel. That is, when a line is not parallel to a plane, the line is transverse to that plane. In this case, the line will intersect the plane at one point. When a first plane and a second plane intersect, the first plane can be considered transverse to the second plane. Such planes can intersect at any angle greater than 0°, and these planes will still be considered transverse. Therefore, "two walls in wall 102 are transverse" means that the two related walls 102 are not parallel. Therefore, walls 102 intersect at at least one point.

[0235] One or more of the walls 102 include a first facet 116 and a second facet 118. Specifically, each of the walls 102 includes a first facet 116 and a second facet 118 (see...). Figure 7 A first end 116 defines a first surface of wall 102. A second end 118 defines a second surface of wall 102. Each wall 102 extends from the first end 116 to the second end 118. One or more of the walls 102 extend from their first end 116 to their second end 118 in a second normal direction. Specifically, each wall 102 extends from its first end 116 to its second end 118 in a second normal direction. The second normal direction is orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The second normal direction is parallel to the normal plane of the template 100. The second normal direction is orthogonal to the first normal direction. Specifically, the second normal direction is orthogonal to the first normal direction at corresponding points along the wall 102. When the wall 102 is straight, the first normal direction is straight and does not bend along the length of the wall 102. Therefore, the second normal direction is also straight. When the wall 102 is bent, the first normal direction can bend along the length of the wall 102. In this case, the second normal direction can rotate along the length of wall 102. That is, the second normal direction can vary along the length of wall 102. The second normal direction at a specific point on wall 102 is orthogonal to the first end 116 of wall 102 at that point. The second normal direction at a specific point on wall 102 is orthogonal to the second end 118 of wall 102 at that point.

[0236] One or more of the walls 102 can be considered to have a wall thickness 119 (see [link]). Figure 24The wall thickness 119 of wall 102 at a specific height is the distance between the first end 116 and the second end 118 of wall 102 at that point. In other words, the wall thickness 119 of wall 102 at a specific height is in the second normal direction of wall 102. The second normal direction is the direction from one face of the wall to the other face of the wall. Specifically, the second normal direction is the direction from the first end 116 to the second end 118 of wall 102. The wall thickness 119 of one or more of walls 102 is constant in the axial direction along different points of wall 102. That is, the wall thickness 119 of one or more of walls 102 is the same at different heights of wall 102. The wall thickness 119 of one or more of walls 102 varies between different heights of wall 102. For example, the wall thickness 119 of wall 102 may increase as wall 102 extends laterally in the axial direction 110. Alternatively, the wall thickness 119 of wall 102 may be reduced as wall 102 extends laterally in the axial direction 110.

[0237] The distance between the first end 116 and the second end 118, measured at a specific point along wall 102 in the second normal direction, can be considered as the thickness of wall 102 at that point. If the thickness of wall 102 is its longest dimension, then wall 102 can be referred to as normal wall 102. Alternatively, such a wall can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. That is, if wall 102 is longer in the second normal direction than it is in the axial direction 110, then wall 102 can be referred to as cantilever wall 103. Alternatively, if wall 102 extends in a direction transverse to the axial direction 110 to form a cantilever relative to axial wall 107, then the wall can be referred to as cantilever wall 103.

[0238] Template 100 includes a joint 105. Walls 102 meet at the joint 105. Each wall 102 meets one or more other walls 102 at the joint 105. One or more of the walls 102 may meet one or more other walls 102 at one or more joints 105. See also Figure 8 Several joints 105 are shown. An axial wall 107 meets other axial walls 107 at a corresponding joint 105. An axial wall 107 meets a cantilever wall 103 at a joint 105. Each joint 105 may extend along the length of the plurality of walls 102. For example, a joint 105 where two axial walls 107 meet may extend along at least a portion of the axial length of those walls 102. Similarly, an axial wall 107 meets a cantilever wall 103 at a joint 105. The joint 105 between an axial wall 107 and a cantilever wall 103 may extend along the length of the axial wall 107 in a first normal direction of that wall 102.

[0239] Wall 102 defines several internal volumes that are at least partially defined by wall 102. In the illustrated embodiment, wall 102 defines several openings 101, wherein the volume is defined by several openings 101 in wall 102 and defined by those walls 102. This volume is referred to herein as chamber 104. At least a portion of the wall 102 defining the volume of chamber 104 may also be considered part of chamber 104. In some cases, wall 102 defining the volume of chamber 104 may also be considered part of chamber 104.

[0240] A wall 102 may define a portion of more than one chamber 104. The wall 102 may define a portion of the boundary of more than one chamber 104. For example, a first end 116 of the wall 102 may define a portion of the boundary of a first chamber 104. A second end 118 of the wall 102 may define a portion of the boundary of a second chamber 104. In this case, the chambers 104 may be considered adjacent to each other.

[0241] It should be understood that the chamber 104 of the template 100 may lack one or more walls 102, or one or more of the walls 102 may at least partially define a portion of the corresponding chamber 104. For the purposes of this specification, such a volume is still considered to be the chamber 104.

[0242] Template 100 includes several inner walls 102. Each inner wall 102 defines the boundary of more than one chamber 104. Template 100 also includes several outer walls 102. Each outer wall 102 defines the boundary of one chamber 104.

[0243] Several cells in cell 104 are arranged in multiple rows 146 (see Figure 19 In other words, template 100 comprises multiple rows of 146 chambers 104. Specifically, wall 102 defines multiple rows of 146 chambers 104. The chambers 104 in a particular row of 146 are aligned. All chambers 104 in a row of 146 intersect a straight line extending in the direction of that row 146. The centroid of each chamber 104 in a row of 146 may be collinear with the centroids of the other chambers 104 in that row of 146. In other words, several chambers 104 are considered to form row 146, wherein the centroid of each chamber 104 is collinear with the centroids of the other chambers 104 in that row of 146. The cross-sectional center of each chamber 104 in a row of 146 may be collinear with the cross-sectional center of the other chambers 104 in that row of 146. In other words, several chambers 104 are considered to form row 146, wherein the cross-sectional centers of the chambers 104 are collinear at one or more points along their height.

[0244] Several cells in cell 104 are arranged into multiple columns 148 (see...) Figure 19 In other words, template 100 comprises multiple rows of 148 cells 104. Specifically, wall 102 defines multiple rows of 148 cells 104. All cells 104 in a row of 148 cells 104 intersect a straight line extending in the direction of the row 148. The centroid of each cell 104 in the row 148 may be collinear with the centroids of the other cells 104 in the row 148. In other words, several cells 104 are considered to form a row 148, wherein the centroid of each cell 104 is collinear with the centroids of the other cells 104 in the row 148. The cross-sectional center of each cell 104 in the row 148 may be collinear with the cross-sectional center of the other cells 104 in the row 148. In other words, several cells 104 are considered to form a row 148, wherein the cross-sectional centers of the cells 104 are collinear at one or more points along their height.

[0245] Column 148 of cell 104 is orthogonal to the extension of row 146 of cell 104. In other words, row 146 is orthogonal to column 148.

[0246] Figure 19 Several rows 146 and columns 148 are identified in template 100. Rows 146 extend in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction 110 of template 100. Columns 148 extend in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction 110 of template 100. Figure 19 In the diagram, row 146 extends horizontally, and column 148 extends vertically. It should be understood that row 146 can be considered to extend diagonally. Similarly, column 148 can be considered to extend diagonally.

[0247] See Figure 19 The shape of the chamber 104 in a particular row 146 is the same as the shape of the other chambers 104 in that row 146. The plurality of rows 146 include rows 146 of alternating first-shaped chambers 104 and rows of second-shaped chambers.

[0248] The first shape is octagonal. The first shape can be an octagonal prism. The octagonal prism can have rounded corners. The first shape can include connected octagonal prisms, one prism being larger than the other. This is the case in the illustrated embodiment, where rows 146 of the octagonal chamber 104 are formed by axial walls 107 and overhanging walls 103. Specifically, a set of axial walls 107 defines a volume in the shape of a first octagonal prism. A set of overhanging walls 103, meeting these axial walls 107 at corresponding joints 105, forms a volume in the shape of another octagonal prism. This octagonal prism is smaller than the octagonal prism formed by the axial walls 107. These two octagonal prism volumes connect to form the octagonal chamber 104.

[0249] The second shape is rectangular. The second shape can be a rectangular prism. The rectangular prism can have rounded corners. The second shape can include connected rectangular prisms, one of which is larger than the other. This is the case in the illustrated embodiment, where multiple rows of 146 rectangular chambers 104 are formed by axial walls 107 and overhanging walls 103. Specifically, a set of axial walls 107 defines a volume in the shape of a first rectangular prism. A set of overhanging walls 103, which meet these axial walls 107 at corresponding joints 105, forms a volume in the shape of another rectangular prism. This rectangular prism is smaller than the rectangular prism formed by the axial walls 107. These two rectangular prism volumes connect to form the rectangular chamber 104.

[0250] The wall thickness 119 of one or more of the walls 102 can be approximately 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm. The wall thickness 119 of the wall 102 can vary in the axial direction 110. For example, the wall thickness 119 of the axial wall 107 can be 2 mm at the first end 106 of the axial wall 107. The wall thickness 119 of the axial wall 107 can be 2.5 mm at the second end 108 of the axial wall 107. That is, the wall thickness 119 of the wall 102 can be greater at the second end 108 of the axial wall 107 than at the first end 106 of the wall 107. This can be the case for one or more of the walls 102 that define the boundary of the chamber 104. The wall thickness 119 of the wall 102 can vary along the height of the wall 102. Specifically, the wall thickness 119 of the wall 102 can increase along the height of the wall 102. The wall thickness 119 can increase as wall 102 extends laterally from the second end 108 toward the first end of wall 102. The wall thickness 119 of wall 102 can decrease as wall 102 extends laterally from the second end 108 toward the first end 106 of wall 102. This can be the case for axial walls 107 defining at least a portion of one or more of the internal chambers 104. This can also be the case for axial walls 107 defining at least a portion of one or more peripheral chambers 130. This can also be the case for axial walls 107 defining at least a portion of one or more connecting chambers 150.

[0251] The wall thickness 119 of one or more of the cantilever walls 103 can be about 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm. The wall thickness 119 of the cantilever wall 103 can be constant in its height. This may be the case for the dimensions of the cantilever walls 103 defining at least a portion of one or more of the internal chambers 104. This may also be the case for the cantilever walls 103 defining at least a portion of one or more peripheral chambers 130.

[0252] The feature of cell 104 is that it comprises several cells of size 213 (see also...) Figure 24 , Figure 25 In other words, the chamber 104 is defined by a plurality of chamber dimensions 213. The chamber dimensions 213 are defined by the walls 102 of the chamber 104. That is, the chamber dimensions 213 are defined by the walls 102 that define the boundaries of a particular chamber 104. Each chamber 104 is characterized by a plurality of chamber dimensions 213. The chamber dimensions 213 specify the size and shape of the chamber 104. The axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104 is one of these dimensions. The chamber 104 also has a planar chamber dimension 213A. The planar chamber dimension 213A is the chamber dimension 213 of the chamber 104. The planar chamber dimension 213 is measured in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The planar chamber dimension 213A is measured at a specific height of the chamber 104. The planar chamber dimension 213A of the chamber 104 can vary along the height of the chamber 104. In other words, the planar cell size 213A can increase as the walls 102 defining the boundaries of the cells 104 extend laterally from their second ends 108 toward their first ends 106.

[0253] One or more of the chambers 104 may have a chamber size 213 that is the center-to-side distance of the chamber 104. As described herein, a plurality of the chambers 104 are octagonal. Specifically, the outer chamber 130 is octagonal. Similarly, a subset of the inner chambers 140 are octagonal. Each of these chambers 104 may have a planar chamber size 213A at a specific height of the chamber 104, which is the center-to-side distance of the chamber 104. The center-to-side distance is defined by the walls 102 of the chamber. The center-to-side distance may vary along the height of the chamber 104 (because the thickness of the walls 102 may vary).

[0254] The planar cell size 213A of the small cell 104 defines the space of the small cell 104. This is because the space occupied by the planar cell size 213A is not occupied by the wall 102.

[0255] As mentioned above, in some cases, row 146 and column 148 can be considered to extend diagonally (e.g. Figure 19 (As indicated). In this case, row 146 may include both first-shaped and second-shaped chambers 104. The chambers 104 of a particular row 146 may alternate between first-shaped chambers 104 and second-shaped chambers 104. Similarly, column 148 may include both first-shaped and second-shaped chambers 104. The chambers 104 of a particular column 148 may alternate between first-shaped chambers 104 and second-shaped chambers 104.

[0256] Each chamber 104 includes a first chamber end 120. Each chamber 104 includes a second chamber end 122. Each chamber 104 extends from its first chamber end 120 to its second chamber end 122. Specifically, each chamber 104 extends from its first chamber end 120 to its second chamber end 122 in the axial direction 110. Thus, the first chamber end 120 may be referred to as the first axial end of the corresponding chamber 104. The first chamber end 120 may be referred to as the upper end of the corresponding chamber 104. Similarly, the second chamber end 122 may be referred to as the second axial end of the corresponding chamber 104. The second chamber end 122 may be referred to as the lower end of the corresponding chamber 104. One or more of the walls 102 define at least a portion of the first chamber end 120 of each chamber 104. One or more of the walls 102 define at least a portion of the second chamber end 122 of each chamber 104.

[0257] As described herein, wall 102 defines a plurality of openings 101. Openings 101 include a plurality of first chamber openings 124. That is, wall 102 defines a plurality of first chamber openings 124. Therefore, template 100 includes a plurality of first chamber openings 124. One or more of chambers 104 include a first chamber opening 124. In the illustrated embodiment, each of chambers 104 includes a first chamber opening 124. That is, wall 102 defining a particular chamber 104 defines the first chamber opening 124 of that chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 of a particular chamber 104 is the opening of that chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 of a particular chamber 104 is defined by wall 102 defining at least a portion of that chamber 104. In other words, wall 102 defining chamber 104 defines the first chamber opening 124 of that chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 can be considered as the boundary of that chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 can define the boundary of the chamber 104. Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more chambers 104 are defined by a corresponding first chamber opening 124. The first chamber opening 124 of the chamber 104 is located at the first chamber end 120 of the chamber 104.

[0258] It should be understood that a subset of the walls 102 defining a particular chamber 104 may define a first chamber opening 124 of that chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the chambers 104 is located at a first chamber end 120 of the respective chamber 104. The first chamber opening 124 can be considered as the first chamber end 120 of the respective chamber 104. In the illustrated embodiment, each chamber 104 includes a first chamber opening 124 at its respective first chamber end 120. In other words, the wall 102 defining the chamber 104 defines the first chamber opening 124 at the first chamber end 120 of the chamber 104. Therefore, the chamber 104 extends from its first chamber opening 124 to its second chamber end 122. The first chamber opening 124 of one or more chambers 104 is planar. That is, one or more of the first chamber openings 124 are planar. Each chamber 104 extends in the axial direction 110 from a corresponding first chamber opening 124 to a corresponding second chamber end 122. Therefore, the wall 102 of the template 100 is configured such that one or more of the chambers 104 form a channel extending from the corresponding first chamber opening 124 to the corresponding second chamber end 122.

[0259] Template 100 includes a plurality of parallel chambers 104. That is, the axis of one or more of the chambers 104 is aligned with the axis of one or more other chambers 104. In other words, the longitudinal axis of one or more of the chambers 104 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of one or more other chambers 104. The longitudinal axis of the chambers 104 extends in the axial direction 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal axis of each chamber is aligned with the longitudinal axis of each other chamber 104.

[0260] Each chamber 104 can be considered to have an axial dimension of 126 (see Figure 21 The distance between the first chamber end 120 and the second chamber end 122 of a specific chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110, is the axial dimension 126 of that chamber 104. In other words, the axial dimension 126 of a specific chamber 104 among the plurality of chambers 104 is the distance between a point on the first chamber end 120 and a point on the second chamber end 122 of that specific chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110. The axial dimension 126 may be referred to as the height of the chamber 104.

[0261] In some embodiments, the first chamber ends 120 and / or the second chamber ends 122 of one or more chambers 104 vary across the chamber 104, as measured in the axial direction 110. The axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104 can be considered as the shortest distance between the first chamber ends 120 and the second chamber ends 122 of the chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110. Alternatively, the axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104 can be considered as the longest distance between the first chamber ends 120 and the second chamber ends 122 of the chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110. Alternatively, the axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104 can be considered as the average distance between the first chamber ends 120 and the second chamber ends 122 of the chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110. Alternatively, some chambers 104 may have different axial dimensions 126 at different points on the chamber 104.

[0262] As described herein, one or more of the first chamber ends 120 of the chambers 104 include a first chamber opening 124 of the chamber 104. Thus, the axial dimension 126 of such a chamber 104 is the distance between a point on the first chamber opening 124 of a particular chamber 104 and a second point on the second chamber end 122, measured in the axial direction 110.

[0263] Opening 101 includes a plurality of second chamber openings 128. That is, wall 102 defines a plurality of second chamber openings 128. Therefore, template 100 includes a plurality of second chamber openings 128. One or more of chambers 104 include second chamber openings 128. In the illustrated embodiment, each of chambers 104 includes a second chamber opening 128. In other words, wall 102 defining a particular chamber 104 defines the second chamber opening 128 of that chamber 104. Wall 102 defining each of chambers 104 defines the corresponding second chamber opening 128 of those chambers 104. The second chamber opening 128 of a particular chamber 104 is the opening of that chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of a particular chamber 104 is defined by wall 102 defining at least a portion of that chamber 104. In other words, wall 102 defining chamber 104 defines the second chamber opening 128 of that chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of chamber 104 can be considered as the boundary of chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of chamber 104 can define the boundary of chamber 104. Therefore, in some embodiments, one or more chambers 104 are defined by a corresponding second chamber opening 128.

[0264] It should be understood that a subset of the walls 102 defining a particular chamber 104 may define a second chamber opening 128 of that chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the chambers 104 is located at a second chamber end 122 of the respective chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 can be considered as the second chamber end 122 of the respective chamber 104. In the illustrated embodiment, each chamber 104 includes a second chamber opening 128 at its respective second chamber end 122. In other words, the wall 102 defining the chamber 104 defines a second chamber opening 128 at the second chamber end 122 of that chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of one or more chambers 104 is planar. That is, one or more of the second chamber openings 128 are planar. Each chamber 104 extends in the axial direction 110 from a respective first chamber opening 124 to a respective second chamber opening 128. Therefore, the wall 102 of the template 100 is configured such that one or more of the chambers 104 are in the form of a passage extending from the corresponding first chamber opening 124 to the corresponding second chamber opening 128.

[0265] One or more of the first chamber openings 124 are different in size from one or more of the second chamber openings 128. One or more of the second chamber openings 128 are smaller than one or more of the first chamber openings 124. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber openings 128 of a plurality of chambers 104 are smaller than the first chamber openings 124 of the corresponding chamber 104. The second chamber openings 128 of several chambers 104 are smaller than the first chamber openings 124 of the corresponding chamber 104. In other words, the second chamber opening 128 defining the boundary of a particular chamber 104 is smaller than the first chamber opening 124 defining another boundary of that chamber 104. That is, in some embodiments, the area of ​​the second chamber openings 128 of one or more of the chambers 104 is smaller than the area of ​​the first chamber opening 124 of that chamber 104. It should be understood that, however, in some embodiments, the first chamber openings 124 and the second chamber openings 128 of one or more of the chambers 104 may have the same size. That is, the areas of the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more chambers 104 can be the same. Alternatively, the second chamber opening 128 of one or more chambers 104 can be larger than the corresponding first chamber opening 124. In other words, the area of ​​the second chamber opening 128 of one or more chambers 104 can be larger than the area of ​​the first chamber opening 124 of that chamber 104. Therefore, in some embodiments, the area of ​​the first chamber opening 124 of one or more chambers 104 is different from the area of ​​the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding chamber 104.

[0266] Template 100 includes peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, template 100 includes a plurality of peripheral chambers 130. Peripheral chambers 130 are chambers 104 of template 100. Peripheral chambers 130 may be referred to as peripheral chambers 130 of template 100. The plurality of chambers 104 include the peripheral chambers 130. Walls 102 define the peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, walls 102 define the plurality of peripheral chambers 130. In other words, each peripheral chamber 130 is at least partially defined by several walls in walls 102. Each of the peripheral chambers 130 is defined by a plurality of walls in walls 102. Some walls 102 define a portion of more than one peripheral chamber 130. Walls 102 defining peripheral chambers 130 may be referred to as peripheral chamber walls. Walls 102 defining a portion of more than one peripheral chamber 130 may be referred to as peripheral chamber partition walls.

[0267] The peripheral chamber 130 can be considered as a volume defined by the wall 102. Specifically, the relevant wall 102 defines the boundary of the peripheral chamber 130. A wall 102 defining at least a portion of the peripheral chamber 130 can be referred to as a peripheral wall. A wall 102 defining at least a portion of the peripheral chamber 130 can be referred to as a peripheral chamber wall.

[0268] One or more of the peripheral chambers 130 can be considered as volumes at least partially defined by corresponding walls 102. One or more of the peripheral chambers 130 can be at least partially defined by one or more openings 101. That is, openings 101 can be considered as defining the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130. Therefore, the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130 can be formed or defined by the walls 102 defining the peripheral chambers 130. One or more of the peripheral chambers 130 can be partially defined by walls 102 and partially defined by one or more openings 101 formed by these walls 102. That is, the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130 are formed by one or more walls 102 and one or more openings 101 of the template 100. Some of the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130 can be formed by walls 102. Some of the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130 can be formed by openings 101.

[0269] In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral chamber 130 is defined by a plurality of walls 102 and a plurality of openings 101 defined by these walls 102. An opening 101 can be considered as a boundary of the peripheral chamber 130. Specifically, an opening 101 can be considered as a boundary of the peripheral chamber 130. An opening 101 can be referred to as an opening 101 of the peripheral chamber 130. An opening 101 can be referred to as a peripheral chamber opening.

[0270] Each peripheral chamber 130 can be considered to have a shape. The shape of the peripheral chamber 130 is the shape of the volume defined by the walls 102 that define the peripheral chamber 130 and the openings 101 defined by those walls 102. The shape of each peripheral chamber 130 is three-dimensional. The shapes of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are approximately the same.

[0271] The walls 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 can form a closed loop. One or more walls 102 defining the peripheral chambers 130 form a closed loop. That is, the trajectory of the wall 102 can surround the perimeter of the respective peripheral chamber 130 without any gaps in the wall 102. In some embodiments, the trajectory of the wall 102 is along a plane to form a closed loop. The trajectory of the wall 102 can be along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The wall 102 forming the closed loop can define an annular shape. The peripheral chamber 130 defined by the wall 102 forming the closed loop can be referred to as a closed-loop peripheral chamber 135.

[0272] The wall 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 can form an open loop. The wall 102 defining one or more peripheral chambers in the peripheral chamber 130 forms an open loop. The wall 102 defining a plurality of peripheral chambers in the peripheral chamber 130 forms an open loop. The peripheral chamber 130 defined by the wall 102 forming the open loop can be referred to as an open-loop peripheral chamber 131. A gap exists in the wall 102 when the trajectory of the wall 102 surrounds the perimeter of the associated peripheral chamber 130. In some embodiments, the trajectory of the wall 102 is along a plane to form an open loop. The trajectory of the wall 102 may be along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The wall 102 forming the open loop may define a portion of an annular shape. The lateral ends of one or more walls of such peripheral chamber 130 terminate at free ends 133 (see...). Figure 8 , Figure 9 That is, at least one of the walls 102 defining the open-loop peripheral chamber 131 terminates at a free end 133 at its lateral end. In the illustrated embodiment, one lateral end of each of the two walls 102 defining each open-loop peripheral chamber 131 terminates at a free end 133. The spacing between the free ends 133 of those walls 102 defines the opening 101.

[0273] Template 100 includes four open-loop peripheral cells 131. Each open-loop peripheral cell 131 is adjacent to a closed-loop peripheral cell 135. That is, each open-loop peripheral cell 131 shares a wall 102 with the closed-loop peripheral cell 135. In other words, at least one of the walls 102 that defines the boundary of the closed-loop peripheral cell 130 also defines the boundary of the open-loop peripheral cell 131. In this way, the open-loop peripheral cell 131 shares a wall 102 with the closed-loop peripheral cell 130.

[0274] Template 100 includes an outer portion 132. The outer chamber 130 defines at least a portion of the outer portion 132 (see [link]). Figure 6 The wall 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 defines at least a portion of the peripheral portion 132. In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral chamber 130 defines the peripheral portion 132 of the template 100. The wall 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 defines the peripheral portion 132 of the template 100. Specifically, the peripheral portion 132 is defined by at least some of the walls 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130. In other words, the boundary of the peripheral portion 132 is defined at least partially by the walls 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130. The peripheral portion 132 extends around the periphery of the template 100. The peripheral portion 132 can be considered to define the periphery of the template 100. The peripheral portion 132 can be considered to be the periphery of the template 100. Alternatively, the outermost wall 102 of each peripheral chamber 130 may define at least a portion of the periphery of the template 100. That is, several walls of the walls 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 define at least a portion of the periphery of the template 100. The gap between one or more walls 102 may define another portion or the remainder of the periphery of the template 100. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the gap between two open-loop peripheral chambers 131 may be used to define the periphery of the template 100 and / or a portion of the peripheral portion 132. In some embodiments, several walls of the walls 102 defining the peripheral chamber 130 define the entire periphery of the template 100. The periphery of the template 100 may be considered as the perimeter of the template 100.

[0275] The outer part 132 is Figure 6 The portion shown as template 100 between the imaginary inner boundary 134 and the imaginary outer boundary 136 is called the outer portion 132. The imaginary inner boundary 134 extends along several inner walls 102 of the outer chamber 130. The imaginary outer boundary 136 extends along several outer walls 102 of the outer chamber 130. In other words, the space occupied by the outer chamber 130 and at least a portion of the walls 102 defining the outer chamber 130 can be considered as the outer portion 132 of template 100.

[0276] The peripheral chamber 130 is at least partially defined by a plurality of inner walls 102. In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral chamber 130 is at least partially defined by a plurality of inner walls 102. Each inner wall 102 defines the boundary of the associated peripheral chamber 130. Each inner wall 102 also defines the boundary of another chamber 104. In some cases, the inner wall 102 also defines the boundary of another peripheral chamber 130. In some cases, the inner wall 102 also defines the boundary of the inner chamber 140 of the template 100. The peripheral chamber 130 is at least partially defined by a plurality of outer walls 102. In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral chamber 130 is defined by a plurality of outer walls 102. The outer walls 102 define a portion of the peripheral chamber 130. In some embodiments, the outer wall defines a portion of only one chamber 104.

[0277] The peripheral chambers 130 are octagonal. Specifically, the peripheral chambers 130 are octagonal at at least one point along their height. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the peripheral chambers 130 is octagonal at at least one point along its height. Specifically, one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 are at least partially octagonal prisms. The octagonal prism may have rounded corners. The octagonal prism may be a tapered octagonal prism. The octagonal prism may have curved sides or recesses. The shape of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 may be in the form of two connected octagonal prisms, one prism being larger than the other. Several walls of the walls 102 defining one of the peripheral chambers 130 may define a volume in the shape of a first octagonal prism or similar to a first octagonal prism. These walls 102 may be axial walls 107. Several walls of the walls 102 may define a second volume in the shape of a second octagonal prism or similar to a second octagonal prism. These walls 102 can be cantilever walls 103. Alternatively, these walls 102 can be the same walls defining a volume in the shape of a first octagonal prism. The second octagonal prism can be a conical octagonal prism. The second octagonal prism is smaller than the first octagonal prism. The corresponding peripheral chamber 130 can be a combination of these two volumes.

[0278] Template 100 includes internal chambers 140. Specifically, template 100 includes a plurality of internal chambers 140. Internal chambers 140 are internal relative to peripheral chambers 130. Peripheral chambers 130 at least partially surround internal chambers 140. Internal chambers 140 may be referred to as internal chambers 140 of template 100. The plurality of chambers 104 include the internal chambers 140. Walls 102 define the internal chambers 140. Specifically, walls 102 define the plurality of internal chambers 140. In other words, each internal chamber 140 is at least partially defined by a plurality of walls in walls 102. Each of the internal chambers 140 is defined by a plurality of walls in walls 102. Some walls 102 define a portion of more than one internal chamber 140. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of walls 102 defining a particular internal chamber 140 also define portions of other internal chambers 140. In other words, multiple walls in the walls 102 that define the boundaries of a particular internal chamber 140 also define the boundaries of another internal chamber 140. One or more walls in the walls 102 that define the boundaries of an internal chamber 140 also define a peripheral chamber 130. In other words, one or more walls in the walls 102 that define the boundaries of an internal chamber 140 also define the boundaries of a peripheral chamber 130. Therefore, several internal chambers 140 are adjacent to corresponding peripheral chambers 130. Each peripheral chamber 130 is adjacent to one or more internal chambers 140. That is, each peripheral chamber 130 shares one or more walls 102 with one or more internal chambers 140.

[0279] Throughout this specification, the wall 102 defining the boundaries of the plurality of chambers 104 may be referred to as a partition wall. This is because the wall 102 separates two chambers 104. Therefore, when an outer chamber 130 shares a wall with an inner chamber 140, the relevant wall 102 may be referred to as a partition wall. Similarly, when an outer chamber 130 shares a wall 102 with another outer chamber 130, the relevant wall 102 may be referred to as a partition wall.

[0280] The internal chamber 140 can be considered as a volume defined by the wall 102. In particular, the relevant wall 102 defines the boundary of the internal chamber 140. The wall 102 defining at least a portion of the internal chamber 140 can be referred to as an internal wall. The wall 102 defining at least a portion of the internal chamber 140 can be referred to as an internal chamber wall.

[0281] One or more of the internal chambers 140 can be considered as volumes at least partially defined by corresponding walls 102. One or more of the internal chambers 140 can be at least partially defined by one or more openings 101. That is, the openings 101 can be considered to define the boundaries of the internal chambers 140. One or more of the internal chambers 140 can be partially defined by walls 102 and partially by one or more openings 101 formed by these walls 102. That is, the boundaries of the internal chambers 140 are formed by one or more walls 102 and one or more openings 101 of the template 100. Some of the boundaries of the internal chambers 140 can be formed by walls 102. Some of the boundaries of the internal chambers 140 can be formed by openings 101.

[0282] In the illustrated embodiment, each internal chamber 140 is defined by a plurality of walls in the walls 102 and a plurality of openings 101 defined by these walls 102. An opening 101 can be considered as a boundary of the internal chamber 140. Specifically, an opening 101 can be considered as a boundary of the internal chamber 140. An opening 101 can be referred to as an opening 101 of the internal chamber 140. An opening 101 can be referred to as an internal chamber opening.

[0283] Each internal chamber 140 can be said to have a shape. The shape of the internal chamber 140 is the shape of the volume defined by the walls 102 that define the internal chamber 140 and the openings 101 defined by those walls 102. The shape of each internal chamber 140 is three-dimensional.

[0284] The walls 102 defining the internal chambers 140 form a closed loop. One or more walls 102 defining the internal chambers 140 form a closed loop. That is, the trajectory of the wall 102 may surround the perimeter of the associated internal chamber 140 without any gaps in the wall 102. In some embodiments, the trajectory of the wall 102 is along a plane to form a closed loop. The trajectory of the wall 102 may be along a plane orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The wall 102 forming the closed loop may define an annular shape. The internal chamber 140 defined by the wall 102 forming the closed loop may be referred to as a closed-loop internal chamber. In some embodiments, the walls 102 defining the internal chambers 140 may form an open loop. The internal chamber 140 defined by the wall 102 forming the open loop may be referred to as an open-loop internal chamber. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal chambers 140 at or near the corners of the internal portion 142 are open-loop chambers. That is, the walls 102 defining the internal chambers 140 at or near the corners of the internal portion 142 form an open loop.

[0285] Each internal compartment 140 shares one or more walls 102 with one or more other internal compartments 140. In the illustrated embodiment, each internal compartment 140 shares a wall 102 with a plurality of other internal compartments 140. That is, at least one of the walls 102 defining the boundary of an internal compartment 140 also defines the boundary of another internal compartment 140. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of the walls 102 defining the boundary of an internal compartment 140 also define the boundaries of other internal compartments 140.

[0286] The template includes an inner portion 142. An inner chamber 140 defines at least a portion of the inner portion 142 of the template 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner chamber 140 defines the inner portion 142 of the template 100. A wall 102 defining the inner chamber 140 defines the inner portion 142 of the template 100. The inner portion 142 of the template 100 is the portion of the template 100 within the imaginary inner boundary 134 of the outer portion 132. In other words, the inner portion 142 is the portion of the template 100 surrounded by the outer portion 132.

[0287] The outer portion 132 at least partially surrounds the inner chamber 140. In other words, the outer portion 132 at least partially surrounds the inner chamber 140. That is, the outer portion 132 at least partially surrounds the inner portion 142. Although it should be understood that gaps or breaks may exist along the length of the outer chamber 130, the outer portion 132 can be considered to cross these gaps or breaks. Therefore, in the illustrated embodiment, the outer portion 132 surrounds the inner chamber 140. Similarly, the outer portion 132 at least partially surrounds the inner portion 142. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer portion 132 surrounds the inner portion 142.

[0288] The internal chamber 140 is at least partially defined by the inner wall 102 of the template 100. That is, one or more of the walls 102 of one or more of the internal chambers 140 are inner walls 102 of the template 100. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple of the walls 102 of each internal chamber 140 are inner walls 102 of the template 100. One or more of the walls 102 of one or more of the internal chambers 140 are outer walls 102 of the template 100.

[0289] As described herein, a chamber 104 extends between a first chamber opening 124 and a second chamber end 122. The distance between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110, is the axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104. An inner chamber 140 includes a first chamber opening 124. One or more of the inner chambers 140 include a first chamber opening 124. In the illustrated embodiment, each inner chamber 140 includes a first chamber opening 124. An inner chamber 140 includes a second chamber end 122. One or more of the inner chambers 140 include a second chamber end 122. In the illustrated embodiment, each inner chamber 140 includes a second chamber end 122. An inner chamber 140 includes a second chamber opening 128. One or more inner chambers 140 include a second chamber opening 128 at the second chamber end 122 of the respective inner chamber 140. Each internal chamber 140 includes a second chamber opening 128 at its second chamber end 122. One or more of the internal chambers 140 define a passage between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the internal chamber 140. Multiple internal chambers 140 define a passage between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of their respective internal chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, each internal chamber 140 defines a passage between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the internal chamber 140. The axial dimension 126 of the internal chamber 140 is the distance between a point on the first chamber opening 124 and a corresponding point on the second chamber opening 128 of the internal chamber 140, measured in the axial direction 110.

[0290] The first chamber openings 124 of a plurality of internal chambers in internal chamber 140 are coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 of each internal chamber in internal chamber 140 is coplanar. The second chamber openings 128 of a plurality of internal chambers in internal chamber 140 are coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each internal chamber in internal chamber 140 is coplanar.

[0291] Although the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the internal chamber 140 are coplanar, this may not be the case in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the first chamber openings 124 of the internal chamber 140 may be angled relative to one or more other first chamber openings 124 of the internal chamber 140. In other words, one or more of the first chamber openings 124 of the internal chamber 140 may be transverse to one or more other first chamber openings 124 of the internal chamber 140. That is, the walls 102 forming one or more of the internal chambers 140 may have different axial lengths and / or their axial lengths may vary along the walls 102, such that the first chamber openings 124 are angled. Similarly, one or more of the second chamber openings 128 of the internal chamber 140 may be angled relative to one or more other second chamber openings 128 of the internal chamber 140.

[0292] Several internal chambers in internal chamber 140 are octagonal. Specifically, internal chambers 140 are octagonal at at least one point along their height. In the illustrated embodiment, each of internal chambers 140 is octagonal at at least one point along its height. Specifically, one or more of internal chambers 140 are at least partially octagonal prisms. The octagonal prisms may have rounded corners. The octagonal prisms may be tapered octagonal prisms. One or more of internal chambers 140 may be in the form of two connected octagonal prisms, one larger than the other. Several walls in wall 102 defining one of the internal chambers 140 may define a volume in the shape of a first octagonal prism. These walls 102 may be axial walls 107. Several walls in wall 102 defining one of the internal chambers 140 may define a second volume in the shape of a second octagonal prism. These walls 102 can be cantilever walls 103. Alternatively, these walls 102 can be the same walls 102 defining a volume in the shape of a first octagonal prism. The second octagonal prism can be a conical octagonal prism. The second octagonal prism is smaller than the first octagonal prism. The corresponding internal chamber 140 can be a combination of these two volumes.

[0293] One or more of the internal chambers 140 are rectangular. Several internal chambers 140 are rectangular. Multiple internal chambers 140 are rectangular. Specifically, one or more of the internal chambers 140 are at least partially rectangular prisms in shape. The rectangular prisms may have rounded corners. The rectangular prisms may be tapered rectangular prisms. One or more of the internal chambers 140 may be in the form of two connected rectangular prisms, one larger than the other. One or more of the walls 102 defining one of the internal chambers 140 may define a volume in the shape of a first rectangular prism. These walls 102 may be axial walls 107. One or more of the walls 102 defining one of the internal chambers 140 may define a second volume in the shape of a second rectangular prism. These walls 102 may be cantilever walls 103. Alternatively, these walls 102 may be the same walls 102 defining a volume in the shape of the first rectangular prism. The second rectangular prism may be tapered rectangular prisms. The second rectangular prism is smaller than the first rectangular prism. The corresponding internal chamber 140 can be a combination of these two volumes.

[0294] As described herein, a chamber 104 extends between a first chamber opening 124 and a second chamber end 122. The distance between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110, is the axial dimension 126 of the chamber. A peripheral chamber 130 includes a first chamber opening 124. One or more of the peripheral chambers 130 include a first chamber opening 124. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral chamber 130 includes a first chamber opening 124. The first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130 is planar. A plurality of the first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 are coplanar. A peripheral chamber 130 includes a second chamber end 122. One or more of the peripheral chambers 130 include a second chamber end 122. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral chamber 130 includes a second chamber end 122. A peripheral chamber 130 includes a second chamber opening 128. Peripheral cell 130 includes a second chamber opening 128 at its second chamber end 122. Each peripheral cell 130 includes a second chamber opening 128 at its second chamber end 122. Peripheral cell 130 defines a passage between a first chamber opening 124 and a second chamber opening 128 of the respective peripheral cell 130. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 define a passage between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral cell 130. A plurality of peripheral cells 130 define a corresponding passage between their first chamber opening 124 and second chamber opening 128. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 defines a passage between its first chamber opening 124 and second chamber opening 128. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral cell 130 is planar. One or more of the second chamber openings 128 of the peripheral cells 130 are coplanar. The axial dimension 126 of the peripheral chamber 130 is the distance between a point on the first chamber opening 124 and a corresponding point on the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130, measured in the axial direction 110.

[0295] The axial dimension 126 of the outer chamber 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of the inner chamber 140 of the template 100. The axial dimension 126 of one or more of the outer chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The axial dimension 126 of each of the outer chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of one or more of the inner chambers 140.

[0296] In the illustrated embodiment, the axial dimension 126 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 is constant across the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130. Similarly, the axial dimension 126 of the inner chamber 140 is constant across the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding inner chamber 140. It should be understood that if the first chamber opening 124 and / or the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130 are angled relative to the normal plane, the distance between a first point on the first chamber opening 124 and a corresponding second point (i.e., a point located on the second opening that intersects a line parallel to the axial direction 110, which also intersects the first point) can vary across at least a portion of the chamber 130. This occurs if the angles of the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 relative to the normal plane are not the same. In this case, a minimum axial dimension can be defined for the peripheral chamber 130 (or, in fact, for chamber 104 if this is the case for another chamber 104 of the template 100), which is the minimum distance between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the respective chamber 104, measured in the axial direction 110. Similarly, a maximum axial dimension can be defined for the peripheral chamber 130, which is the maximum distance between the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128, measured in the axial direction 110. The minimum axial dimension of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of one or more of the inner chambers 140.

[0297] The first chamber ends 120 and 122 of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and 122 of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber ends 120 and 122 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber ends 120 and 122 of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber ends 120 and 122 of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of the plurality of peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber ends 120 and second chamber ends 122 of each of the inner chambers 140.

[0298] The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the inner chamber 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of the plurality of peripheral chambers 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber end 122 of each of the inner chambers 140.

[0299] The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the inner chamber 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of the plurality of peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 are located closer together than the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of each of the inner chambers 140.

[0300] Template 100 includes cantilever wall 103 (see Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The cantilever wall 103 extends inward. The cantilever wall 103 can be considered to extend inward into the corresponding chamber 104. It can be said that the cantilever wall 103 defines a portion of the chamber 104. Specifically, the cantilever wall 103 may define a portion of an angle of the chamber 104. Another portion of the angle may be formed by an axial wall 107, which meets the cantilever wall at the joint 105. The cantilever wall 103 extends away from another wall 102 of the template 100. This other wall 102 may be the axial wall 107. Therefore, the cantilever wall 103 forms a cantilever relative to the other wall 102.

[0301] The template 100 shown includes a plurality of cantilever walls 103. A plurality of the cantilever walls 103 extend inward. Each cantilever wall 103 can be considered to extend inward into a corresponding chamber 104. The cantilever walls 103 can be considered to extend inward to define a portion of the corresponding chamber 104, rather than extending inward into the corresponding chamber 104. Several cantilever walls 103 extend outward from one or more other walls 102. The cantilever walls 103 extend outward from an axial wall 107. One or more of the cantilever walls 103 meet one or more other cantilever walls 103 at one or more joints 105. Each cantilever wall 103 meets one or more axial walls 107 at a corresponding joint 105. The cantilever walls 103 extend orthogonally to the other walls 102 of the template 100. Specifically, the cantilever walls 103 extend orthogonally to the axial walls 107. It should be understood that the cantilever wall 103 may extend transversely to one or more other walls 102 of the template 100, rather than orthogonally. This may be at an angle other than 90°.

[0302] The cantilever walls 103 are parallel. One or more of the cantilever walls 103 are coplanar. The cantilever walls 103 are transverse to the axial wall 107. In the illustrated embodiment, the cantilever walls 103 are substantially perpendicular to the axial wall 107.

[0303] Several cantilever walls 103 extend inward into corresponding compartments 104. One or more cantilever walls 103 extend inward into corresponding peripheral compartments 130. A corresponding cantilever wall 103 can be considered to extend inward to define a portion of a corresponding compartment 104 (e.g., peripheral compartment 130), rather than being considered to extend inward into the peripheral compartment 130. In particular, one or more cantilever walls 103 may define corners of the peripheral compartment 130. The corners may be rounded. The corners may include chamfers.

[0304] At least one of the cantilever walls 103 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103. In the illustrated embodiment, each cantilever wall 103 is parallel to each other cantilever wall 103. At least one of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into a corresponding peripheral compartment 130 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 extending inward into that peripheral compartment 130. In other words, at least one cantilever wall 103 defining at least a portion of the boundary of a peripheral compartment 130 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103. The other cantilever wall 103 may be a cantilever wall 103 defining the boundary of another peripheral compartment 130. The other cantilever wall 103 may be a cantilever wall 103 defining the boundary of an inner compartment 140. Further, at least one of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into a corresponding peripheral compartment 130 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 extending inward into another peripheral compartment 130. In other words, at least one of the cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of a corresponding peripheral chamber 130 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 defining a portion of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130. Further, at least one of the cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of a corresponding peripheral chamber 130 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 defining a portion of another peripheral chamber 130. In other words, two or more of the cantilever walls 103 are parallel. In some cases, one or more of the cantilever walls 103 are coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the cantilever walls 103 is coplanar.

[0305] Several cantilever walls of cantilever walls 103 extend inward into corresponding internal chambers 140. That is, one or more of the cantilever walls 103 extend inward into corresponding internal chambers 140. The cantilever walls 103 can be considered to extend inward to define corners of the internal chambers 140, rather than to extend inward into the internal chambers 140. In other words, the cantilever walls 103 can be considered to define the boundaries of the internal chambers 140. Corners can be rounded. Corners can include chamfers.

[0306] At least one of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into the corresponding internal compartment 140 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 extending inward into that internal compartment 140. In other words, at least one cantilever wall 103 defining at least a portion of the boundary of the internal compartment 140 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103. The other cantilever wall 103 may be a cantilever wall 103 defining the boundary of another internal compartment 140. The other cantilever wall 103 may be a cantilever wall 103 defining the boundary of the peripheral compartment 130. Further, at least one of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into the corresponding internal compartment 140 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 extending inward into another internal compartment 140. In other words, at least one of the cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of the corresponding internal compartment 140 is parallel to at least one other cantilever wall 103 defining a portion of the corresponding internal compartment 140. Furthermore, at least one of the overhanging walls 103 defining a portion of a corresponding internal chamber 140 is parallel to at least one other overhanging wall 103 defining a portion of another internal chamber 140.

[0307] A cantilever wall 103 is disposed at the second end 113 of the template 100. A cantilever wall 103 of a chamber 104 is disposed at the second end of the chamber 104. The cantilever wall 103 defines at least a portion of the second chamber opening 128 of one or more chambers in the chamber 104. Some of the second chamber openings 128 of the chambers 104 are entirely defined by the cantilever wall 103 defining a portion of the boundary of those chambers 104. Some of the second chamber openings 128 of the chambers 104 are partially defined by the cantilever wall 103 defining a portion of the boundary of those chambers 104. Other portions of the second chamber openings 128 of those chambers 104 may be defined by one or more other walls 102 (e.g., axial wall 107).

[0308] In the illustrated embodiment, cantilever wall 103 defines a portion of a second chamber opening 128 in one or more internal chambers of internal chambers 140 and one or more peripheral chambers of peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, cantilever wall 103 defines a second chamber opening 128 in each of the internal chambers 140. Cantilever wall 103 defines a second chamber opening 128 in a subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. Cantilever wall 103 defines a second chamber opening 128 in another subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. The cantilever wall 103 defining the second chamber opening 128 in the second subset 145 is smaller than the cantilever wall defining the second chamber opening 128 in the first subset 144. In this way, the second chamber opening 128 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is larger than the second chamber opening 128 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130.

[0309] One or more of the cantilever walls 103 are axially offset relative to one or more other cantilever walls 103 (see example) Figure 21 and Figure 25 One or more of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into the outer chamber 130 are axially offset relative to one or more of the cantilever walls 103 extending inward into the inner chamber 140 (see, for example...). Figure 21 and Figure 25 In other words, one or more of the cantilever walls 103 defining the boundary of the outer chamber 130 are axially offset from one or more of the cantilever walls 103 defining the boundary of the inner chamber 140. The cantilever walls 103 may be in the form of protrusions relative to another wall 102. For example, the cantilever wall 103 may be in the form of a protrusion relative to an axial wall 107 defining a portion of the chamber 104. Figure 21 As shown in section 177, the cantilever wall 103 of the peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the cantilever wall 103 of the adjacent chamber 104, which can be considered an inner chamber 140. Similarly, the cantilever wall 103 of the peripheral chamber 130 shown in the section is axially offset from each of the cantilever wall portions 103 of each of the other inner chambers 140. The cantilever wall 103 of the chambers in the second subset 145 can be referred to as an edge. The cantilever wall 103 of the chambers in the second subset 145 can be referred to as an inner edge. The inner edge is located at the second chamber end 122 of the corresponding chamber 104.

[0310] This can be expressed differently by comparing the distances between the first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130 and the cantilever wall 103. Specifically, the distances, measured in the axial direction 110, between one or more of the cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of the peripheral chamber 130 and the first chamber opening 124 of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130 are smaller than the distances, measured in the axial direction, between one or more of the cantilever walls 103 defining a portion of the inner chamber 140 and the first chamber opening 124 of the corresponding inner chamber 140.

[0311] The axial dimension 126 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The axial dimension 126 of the plurality of peripheral chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension 126 of the plurality of inner chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the axial dimension 126 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 is smaller than the axial dimension of each of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. This is, for example, in... Figures 25 to 37As shown in the diagram. Similarly, the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. Likewise, this is, for example, in... Figure 21 and Figures 26 to 37 As shown in the image.

[0312] Cell 104 includes a first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. Peripheral cells 130 include a first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. These multiple peripheral cells 130 include a first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. In other words, template 100 includes a first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. The peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 can be considered as lower peripheral cells.

[0313] The first subset 144 of the outermost chambers 130 includes chambers 104 in the first row of 146. The chambers 104 in the first row of 146 are aligned. The first row of 146 chambers 104 defines the first edge row of the template 100. That is, each of the chambers 104 in the first row of 146 defines the edge of the template 100. The first subset 144 of the outermost chambers 130 includes chambers 104 in the first column of 148. The chambers 104 in the first column of 148 are aligned. The first column of 148 chambers 104 defines the second edge row of the template 100. That is, each of the chambers 104 in the first column of 148 defines the edge of the template 100. The first row of 146 chambers 104 and the first column of 148 chambers 104 include a shared chamber 104. The shared chamber 104 is a corner chamber 104 of the template. The shared chamber 104 may be referred to as the shared first chamber 104. In other words, at least one peripheral cell 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 is part of both the first row 146 cell 104 and the first column 148 cell 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the first row 146 cell 104 and the first column 148 cell 104 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a common cell 104. In some embodiments, the first row 146 cell 104 and the first column 148 cell 104 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include at least one common cell 104. The first row 146 cell 104 and the first column 148 cell 104 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 extend orthogonally to each other. The walls 102 of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 define a closed loop. Specifically, the walls 102 of one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 define a closed loop. In other words, one or more cells 104 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 are closed-loop cells. The walls 102 of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 define an open loop. Specifically, the walls 102 of one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 define an open loop. In other words, one or more cells 104 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 are open-loop cells.

[0314] Wall 102 defines the outermost cells 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. Specifically, wall 102 defines the boundaries of the outermost cells 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. Similarly, opening 101 defines the boundaries of the outermost cells 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. Each outermost cell 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130 shares wall 102 with another outermost cell 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. Some outermost cells 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130 share a wall with another outermost cell 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. In other words, wall 102, which defines at least a portion of the boundaries of the outermost cells 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130, also defines at least a portion of the boundaries of another outermost cell 130 in the first subset 144 of outermost cells 130. The peripheral cell 130 adjacent to only one other peripheral cell 130 is an open-loop cell.

[0315] Some of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 share two walls 102 with other peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 share two walls 102 with other peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130. Therefore, multiple peripheral cells 130 are at least partially defined by shared walls 102. Specifically, two peripheral cells 130 may be at least partially defined by shared walls 102. In other words, walls 102 may define the boundaries of the first peripheral cell 130 and the second peripheral cell 130. In other words, at least one of the walls 102 is a wall 102 of the first peripheral cell 130 and the second peripheral cell 130. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 have walls 102 shared with one or more other peripheral cells 130. More broadly, wall 102 may define the boundaries of the first and second chambers 104 of the template. Wall 102 may define the boundaries of the outer chamber 130 and the inner chamber 140. Wall 102 may define the boundaries of the first and second inner chambers 140. Such wall 102 may be referred to as a common wall. Alternatively, such wall 102 may be referred to as a partition wall.

[0316] The peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a first cell opening 124. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a corresponding first cell opening 124. Multiple peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a first cell opening 124. The first cell opening 124 is located at a first cell end 120 of the corresponding peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 includes a corresponding first cell opening 124 at its first cell end 120.

[0317] The peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a second chamber opening 128. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a second chamber opening 128. Multiple peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a second chamber opening 128. The second chamber opening 128 is located at the second chamber end 122 of the respective peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 includes a second chamber opening 128 at its second chamber end 122.

[0318] The first chamber end 120 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the first chamber end 120 of one or more other chambers 104. In other words, the first chamber end 120 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 is displaced relative to the first chamber end 120 of another chamber 104 in the axial direction 110. Throughout this specification, "axial offset" can be understood to mean separation in the axial direction 110. It should be understood that two components can be axially offset and offset relative to another axis, thus not actually falling on the same axis extending along the axial direction 110 (as in the case of the first chamber end 120 of the peripheral chamber 130 and the first chamber end 120 of the inner chamber 140 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130). For example, if two components are to occupy the same space, and one component is to move relative to the other component in the axial direction 110, then the two components are to be axially offset relative to each other. Similarly, if two components intersect a plane orthogonal to the axial direction 110, and one of the two components moves in the axial direction relative to the other of the two components, then the two components will be considered axially offset.

[0319] The first chamber ends 120 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber ends 120 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber ends 120 of multiple peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber ends 120 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber ends 120 of multiple peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber ends 120 of multiple inner chambers 140. The first chamber end 120 of the outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130 is axially offset from the first chamber ends 120 of most or all of the inner chambers in the inner chamber 140. The first chamber end 120 of the outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130 is axially offset from the first chamber ends 120 of one or more of the inner chambers in the inner chamber 140 by a first offset distance. The first offset distance is approximately half the height of the inner chamber 140.

[0320] The first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the first chamber opening 124 of one or more other chambers 104. In other words, the first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 is displaced relative to another chamber 104 in the axial direction 110. The first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the first chamber opening 124 of one or more inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings 124 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber openings 124 of one or more inner chambers in the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the first chamber openings 124 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber openings 124 of a plurality of internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. The first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber openings 124 of most or all of the internal chambers 140. The first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the internal chambers 140 by a first offset distance.

[0321] At least some of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 have their first cell openings 124 coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, the first cell openings 124 of each of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral cells 130 are coplanar.

[0322] One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a corresponding second cell opening 128. Multiple peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 include a corresponding second cell opening 128. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 includes a second cell opening 128. The second cell opening 128 is located at a second cell end 122 of the corresponding peripheral cell 130. The second cell openings 128 of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 are coplanar. The second cell openings 128 of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 are coplanar with the second cell openings 128 of one or more of the inner cells 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chambers 130 is coplanar with the second chamber opening 128 of each of the inner chambers 140. The cantilever wall 103 defines the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0323] The outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130 extends along the first side of the template 100. The outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130 extends along the second side of the template 100. The first and second sides of the template 100 are adjacent.

[0324] Alternative configurations are possible. For example, as described herein, one or more of the first chamber openings 124 of chamber 104 may be angled (e.g., relative to the normal plane of template 100). For example, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 may be angled relative to the normal plane. Similarly, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140 may be angled relative to the normal plane. Where their angles relative to the normal plane differ, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 may be transverse to the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. Similarly, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 may be transverse to the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130. In other words, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130 may not be parallel. The first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the internal chambers 140 may be coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 of the internal chamber 140 at or near a corner of the internal portion 142 is coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130.

[0325] Cell 104 includes a second subset 145 of the outer cells 130. The outer cells 130 include a second subset 145 of the outer cells 130. These multiple outer cells 130 include a second subset 145 of the outer cells 130. In other words, template 100 includes a second subset 145 of the outer cells 130. The outer cells 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer cells 130 can be considered as upper outer cells.

[0326] The second subset 145 of the outermost small rooms 130 includes a row of 146 small rooms 104. The second row of 146 small rooms 104 in the second subset 145 of the outermost small rooms 130 can be referred to as the second row of 146 small rooms 104. Therefore, the second subset 145 of the outermost small rooms 130 can be said to include the second row of 146 small rooms 104. The small rooms 104 in the second row of 146 small rooms 104 are aligned. The second row of 146 small rooms 104 defines the third edge row of template 100. That is, the second row of 146 small rooms 104 defines each of the edge small rooms 104 of template 100. The second row of 146 small rooms 104 is parallel to the first row of 146 small rooms 104. The second subset 145 of the outermost small rooms 130 includes a column of 148 small rooms 104. The column of 148 small rooms 104 in the second subset 145 of the outermost small rooms 130 can be referred to as the second column of 148 small rooms 104. Therefore, the second subset 145 of the outermost chambers 130 can be said to include the chambers 104 of the second column 148. The chambers 104 in the second column 148 are aligned. The second column 148 chambers 104 define the fourth edge row of the template 100. That is, the second column 148 chambers 104 define each of the chambers 104 at the edge of the template 100. The second column 148 chambers 104 are parallel to the first column 148 chambers 104. The second row 146 chambers 104 and the second column 148 chambers 104 include a common chamber 104. The common chamber 104 is a corner chamber 104 of the template 100. The common chamber 104 is the second common chamber 104 of the template 100. In other words, at least one outermost chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the outermost chambers 130 is part of both the second row 146 chambers 104 and the second column 148 chambers 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the second row 146 cell 104 and the second column 148 cell 104 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a common cell 104. In some embodiments, the second row 146 cell 104 and the second column 148 cell 104 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include at least one common cell 104. The second row 146 cell 104 and the second column 148 cell 104 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 extend orthogonally to each other. Walls 102 defining one or more peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 define a closed loop. In particular, walls 102 defining a plurality of peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 define a closed loop. The walls 102 of one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral cells 130 define an open loop. In particular, the walls 102 of a plurality of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral cells 130 define a closed loop.

[0327] Template 100 is symmetrical about axis 203. Axis 203 passes through both the shared room 104 between the first row 146 and first column 148 of the first subset 144 of the outermost room 130, and the shared room 104 between the second row 146 and second column 148 of the second subset 145 of the outermost room 130. Axis 203 bisects the shared room 104 between the first row 146 and first column 148 of the first subset 144 of the outermost room 130. Similarly, axis 203 bisects the shared room 104 between the second row 146 and second column 148 of the second subset 145 of the outermost room 130. In other words, template 100 is symmetrical about an axis passing through two opposite corner rooms 104. The axis of symmetry 203 bisects the two opposite angular chambers 104.

[0328] The first end cell 121A of the outermost cell 130 in the first subset 144 of the outermost cell 130 is an open-loop cell (see...). Figure 5A , Figure 19 That is, the wall 102 defining at least a portion of the first end chamber 121A forms an open loop. Specifically, the axial wall 107 defining a portion of the first end chamber 121A forms an open loop. The lateral end of the axial wall 107 of the first end chamber 121A terminates at a free end 133. The lateral end of another axial wall 107 of the first end chamber 121A also terminates at a free end 133. An opening 101 is defined between the free ends 133. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one of the axial walls 107 of the first end chamber 121A. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one other wall 102 of the template 100. The first end chamber 121A is located at one end of the first row 146 chambers 104 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0329] The second end cell 123A in the first subset 144 of the outer cell 130 is an open-loop cell (see...). Figure 5That is, the wall 102 defining at least a portion of the second end chamber 123A forms an open loop. Specifically, the axial wall 107 defining a portion of the second end chamber 123A forms an open loop. The lateral end of the axial wall 107 of the second end chamber 123A terminates at a free end 133. The lateral end of another axial wall 107 of the second end chamber 123A also terminates at a free end 133. An opening 101 is defined between the free ends 133. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one of the axial walls 107 of the second end chamber 123A. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one other wall 102 of the template 100. The second end chamber 123A is located at one end of the first column 148 chambers 104 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0330] The first end cell 121 of the outermost cell 130 in the second subset 145 of the outermost cell 130 is an open-loop cell (see...). Figure 5A , Figure 8 , Figure 14 That is, the wall 102 defining at least a portion of the first end chamber 121 forms an open loop. Specifically, the axial wall 107 defining a portion of the first end chamber 121 forms an open loop. The lateral end of the axial wall 107 of the first end chamber 121 terminates at a free end 133. The lateral end of another axial wall 107 of the first end chamber 121 also terminates at a free end 133. An opening 101 is defined between the free ends 133. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one of the axial walls 107 of the first end chamber 121. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one other wall 102 of the template 100. The first end chamber 121 is located at one end of the second column 148 chambers 104 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0331] The second end cell 123 in the second subset 145 of the outer cell 130 is an open-loop cell (see...). Figure 5A , Figure 11 , Figure 14 That is, the wall 102 defining at least a portion of the second end chamber 123 forms an open loop. Specifically, the axial wall 107 defining a portion of the second end chamber 123 forms an open loop. The lateral end of the axial wall 107 of the second end chamber 123 terminates at a free end 133. The lateral end of another axial wall 107 of the second end chamber 123 also terminates at a free end 133. An opening 101 is defined between the free ends 133. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one of the axial walls 107 of the second end chamber 123. The size of the opening 101 corresponds to the size of at least one other wall 102 of the template 100. The second end chamber 123 is located at one end of the second row 146 chamber 104 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0332] The first end chamber 121, the first end chamber 121A, the second end chamber 123, and the second end chamber 123A can all be considered as the open-loop peripheral chamber 131.

[0333] Each of the open-loop outer chambers 131 is located at one end of the corresponding row 146 or column 148 chamber 104. Specifically, template 100 includes the open-loop outer chamber 131 at one end of the outer chamber 130 in row 146. Template 100 includes the open-loop outer chamber 131 at one end of the outer chamber 130 in column 148.

[0334] The opening 101 of the open loop of the outer peripheral cell 131 is located at one end of the outer peripheral cell 130 in the corresponding row 146. Similarly, the opening 101 of the open loop of the outer peripheral cell 131 is located at one end of the outer peripheral cell 130 in the corresponding column 148.

[0335] Wall 102 defines the outermost chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. Specifically, wall 102 defines the boundaries of the outermost chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. Similarly, opening 101 defines the boundaries of the outermost chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. Each outermost chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130 shares wall 102 with another outermost chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. Some outermost chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130 share a wall with another outermost chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. In other words, wall 102, which defines at least a portion of the boundaries of the outermost chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130, also defines at least a portion of the boundaries of another outermost chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of outermost chambers 130. The peripheral cell 130 adjacent to only one other peripheral cell 130 is an open-loop cell.

[0336] Some of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 share two walls 102 with other peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 share two walls 102 with other peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130.

[0337] The first subset 144 and the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 are mutually exclusive. That is, the first subset 144 and the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 do not include the shared chamber 104. The first subset 144 of the outer chambers 130 is independent of the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130. The first subset 144 of the outer chambers 130 defines the two edge portions of the template 100. The second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 defines the two edge portions of the template 100.

[0338] The peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a first cell opening 124. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a corresponding first cell opening 124. Multiple peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a first cell opening 124. The first cell opening 124 is located at a first cell end 120 of the corresponding peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 includes a corresponding first cell opening 124 at its first cell end 120.

[0339] The peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a second cell opening 128. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a second cell opening 128. Multiple peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 include a second cell opening 128. The second cell opening 128 is located at the second cell end 122 of the respective peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each peripheral cell 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 includes a second cell opening 128 at its second cell end 122.

[0340] The second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the second chamber end 122 of one or more other chambers 104. In other words, the second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is displaced relative to the second chamber end 122 of another chamber 104 in the axial direction 110. The second chamber end 122 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the second chamber end 122 of one or more inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the second chamber ends 122 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber ends 122 of one or more inner chambers in the inner chambers 140. In some embodiments, the second chamber ends 122 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber ends 122 of a plurality of internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. The second chamber ends 122 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber ends 122 of most or all of the internal chambers in the internal chambers 140.

[0341] The peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 includes a second chamber opening 128. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of one or more other chambers 104. In other words, the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is displaced in the axial direction 110 relative to the second chamber opening 128 of another chamber 104. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of one or more internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings 128 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber openings 128 of one or more internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. In some embodiments, the second chamber openings 128 of a plurality of peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber openings 128 of a plurality of internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. The second chamber openings 128 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are axially offset from the second chamber openings 128 of most or all of the internal chambers in the internal chambers 140. At least some of the second chamber openings 128 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is coplanar.

[0342] The second chamber end 122 of the outer chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber end 122 of one or more inner chambers in the inner chamber 140 by a second offset distance. The second offset distance is approximately half the height of the inner chamber 140. The second offset distance is equal to the first offset distance. In other words, the height of the outer chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer chamber 130 is equal to the height of the outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130.

[0343] At least some of the first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are coplanar. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is coplanar. One or more of the first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 are parallel to the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. Specifically, the first chamber opening 124 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 is parallel to the first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. At least some of the first chamber openings 124 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 are coplanar with the first chamber openings 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. The first chamber opening 124 of each of the outer chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 is coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of most or all of the inner chambers 140.

[0344] The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130. The second chamber opening 128 of one or more peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of one or more peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of one or more peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chamber 130 is axially offset from the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chamber 130. The second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chamber 130 is parallel to the second chamber opening 128 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chamber 130.

[0345] Alternative configurations are possible. For example, as described herein, one or more of the first chamber openings 124 can be angled (e.g., relative to the normal plane of template 100). For example, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 can be angled relative to the normal plane. Similarly, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more internal chambers 140 can be angled relative to the normal plane. Where their angles relative to the normal plane differ, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 can be transverse to the first chamber openings 124 of one or more internal chambers 140. Similarly, the first chamber openings 124 of one or more peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 can be transverse to the second chamber opening 128 of the corresponding peripheral chamber 130. In other words, the first chamber opening 124 and the second chamber opening 128 of one of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130 can be non-parallel.

[0346] One or more of the peripheral cells 130 have second chamber openings 128 smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of that peripheral cell 130. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 have second chamber openings 128 smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of that peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 is smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of the corresponding peripheral cell 130. One or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 have second chamber openings 128 smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of that peripheral cell 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 is smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of the corresponding peripheral cell 130.

[0347] A cantilever wall 103 is provided at the second chamber end 122 of the outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chamber 130. This cantilever wall 103 may be referred to as a rib. A cantilever wall 103 is provided at the second chamber end 122 of the outer chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer chamber 130.

[0348] One or more of the internal chambers 140 have a second chamber opening 128 smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of that internal chamber 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each of the internal chambers 140 is smaller than the first chamber opening 124 of the corresponding internal chamber 140.

[0349] The dimensional difference between the outer chambers 130 and the inner chambers 140 results in these chambers having different volumes. Specifically, the volume of one or more of the outer chambers 130 is smaller than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers 140. In the illustrated embodiment, the volume of each of the outer chambers 130 is smaller than the volume of each of the octagonal inner chambers 140. Further, the volume of one or more of the outer chambers 130 may be larger than the volume of one or more of the inner chambers 140. Specifically, the volume of each of the outer chambers 130 may be larger than the volume of one or more of the rectangular inner chambers 140.

[0350] Connecting small room 150 Template 100 includes connecting chambers 150. Template 100 includes one or more connecting chambers 150. The illustrated template 100 includes a plurality of connecting chambers 150. Specifically, the plurality of chambers 104 includes the plurality of connecting chambers 150. Wall 102 defines the connecting chambers 150. Each connecting chamber 150 is configured to receive a portion of a second template. In other words, each connecting chamber 150 is configured to receive a portion of another template. When a connecting chamber 150 has received a corresponding portion of the second template, movement between template 100 and the second template is suppressed.

[0351] The connecting chamber 150 is circular. In the illustrated embodiment, each connecting chamber 150 is cylindrical. Each connecting chamber 150 is defined by a curved wall 102. One or more of the connecting chambers 150 are at least partially defined by walls 102 that also define at least a portion of one or more peripheral chambers 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each connecting chamber 150 is formed by a plurality of walls 102, each wall 102 forming part of another chamber 104. Some of these other chambers 104 are peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, for each connecting chamber 150, two of these other chambers 104 are peripheral chambers 130. One of these other chambers is an inner chamber 140. The connecting chamber 150 is partially formed by walls 102 that also define a portion of a plurality of peripheral chambers 130 in a first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. Thus, the connecting chamber 150 is adjacent to the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. However, it should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the connecting chambers 150 may be formed solely by the wall 102 that also forms part of the peripheral chamber 130.

[0352] The connecting chamber 150 includes a first chamber opening 124. The first chamber opening 124 of a particular connecting chamber 150 is the opening of that connecting chamber 150. The first chamber opening 124 of one or more connecting chambers 150 is located at a first chamber end 120 of the respective connecting chamber 150. In the illustrated embodiment, each connecting chamber 150 includes a first chamber opening 124 at its respective first chamber end 120. Each connecting chamber 150 extends in the axial direction 110 from its respective first chamber opening 124 to a respective second chamber end 122. The second chamber end 122 of the connecting chamber 150 includes a second chamber opening 128. Therefore, it can be considered that the connecting chamber 150 extends from the first chamber opening 124 to the second chamber opening 128.

[0353] The first chamber opening 124 of one or more connecting chambers in the connecting chamber 150 is coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of one or more peripheral chambers in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the first chamber opening 124 of each of the connecting chambers 150 is coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. The first chamber opening 124 of the connecting chamber 150 is coplanar with the first chamber opening 124 of one or more of the inner chambers 140.

[0354] The second chamber opening 128 of one or more connecting chambers in connecting chamber 150 is coplanar with the second chamber opening 128 of one or more peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the second chamber opening 128 of each of the connecting chambers 150 is coplanar with the second chamber opening 128 of each of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chambers 130. The second chamber opening 128 of the connecting chamber 150 is coplanar with the second chamber opening 128 of the inner chamber 140. The connecting chamber 150 may be referred to as a concave connector.

[0355] Template 100 includes a protrusion 152. The protrusion 152 is cylindrical. The protrusion 152 may be hollow. The protrusion 152 may be in the form of a truncated cone. The truncated cone may have a hollow core. The protrusion 152 is configured to cooperate with another template to inhibit relative movement between template 100 and another template. Template 100 includes a plurality of protrusions 152. Each protrusion 152 is configured to cooperate with another template to inhibit relative movement between template 100 and another template. The protrusion 152 may be referred to as a pin. The protrusion 152 may be referred to as a convex connector.

[0356] Each of the protrusions 152 is configured to fit into a corresponding connecting chamber in another template. The shape of one or more of the protrusions 152 is such that they can be received within a volume having the same or similar dimensions as one or more connecting chambers in the connecting chambers 150.

[0357] Protrusion 152 protrudes outward from one or more of the walls 102 defining the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, protrusion 152 protrudes outward from a junction 105 between a plurality of walls 102 forming part of several peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. Protrusion 152 protrudes in the axial direction 110. Protrusion 152 protrudes parallel to the axial direction 110. Protrusion 152 protrudes downward. One or more of the protrusions 152 are closer to the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 than to the first chamber opening 124 of those peripheral chambers 130. In other words, at least a portion of the protrusion 152 is closer to the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130 than to the first chamber opening 124 of that peripheral chamber 130. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the protrusions 152 is closer to the second chamber opening 128 of at least one of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130 than to the first chamber opening 124 of those peripheral chambers 130.

[0358] The connecting chamber size 211 can be the radius of at least a portion of the connecting chamber 150. The connecting chamber size 211 can be the radius of the connecting chamber 150 at a specific height of the connecting chamber 150. The connecting chamber size 211 of the connecting chamber 150 can vary across its height. In other words, the connecting chamber size 211 of the connecting chamber 150 can vary as the connecting chamber 150 extends laterally from its second chamber end 122 toward its first chamber end 120. In some embodiments, the connecting chamber size 211 increases as the connecting chamber 150 extends laterally from its second chamber end 122 toward its first chamber end 120. In some embodiments, the connecting chamber size 211 decreases as the connecting chamber 150 extends laterally from its second chamber end 122 toward its first chamber end 120.

[0359] Small room connection channel 154 Template 100 includes a plurality of chamber connection channels 154. The illustrated template 100 includes a plurality of chamber connection channels 154. Each chamber connection channel 154 extends between a plurality of openings 101. An opening 101 is defined by a wall 102 of template 100. One or more of the walls 102 define at least a portion of a corresponding chamber connection channel 154. Each chamber connection channel 154 fluidly connects two or more chambers 104. Specifically, each chamber connection channel 154 fluidly connects two or more chambers 104 via a corresponding opening 101. A plurality of chamber connection channels 154 fluidly connect three chambers 104. Each chamber connection channel 154 extends between a plurality of chamber connection openings 156. In the illustrated embodiment, each chamber connection channel 154 extends between three chamber connection openings 156. One or more of the chamber connection openings 156 are openings leading to a corresponding chamber 104. Some of the chamber connection openings are external openings that open to volumes outside the chamber 104. Chamber connection channels 154 are located at joints 105 between the walls 102. Specifically, the joints 105 between the axial walls 107 of each inner chamber 140 include a corresponding chamber connection channel 154. Similarly, the joints 105 between several axial walls 107 of the peripheral chamber 130 include corresponding chamber connection channels 154. The chamber connection channels 154 are configured such that filling material supplied to one of the chambers 104 can move to an adjacent chamber 104. The filling material can move to an adjacent chamber 104 by passing through one or more of the chamber connection channels 154 in the walls 102 defining the respective chamber 104. The chamber connection channels 154 provide a path through one or more walls 102 from one chamber 104 to another.

[0360] Template 100 comprises a polymer. Template 100 may be constructed from a polymer. Template 100 may be constructed from a composite material comprising a polymer. Template 100 may be formed from a polymer material. Template 100 may be formed from a recycled polymer. Wall 102 may be formed from a polymer.

[0361] Template 100 may be injection molded. One or more of the walls 102 may have a draft angle applied thereto. For example, a draft angle may be applied to one or more of the axial walls 107. The draft angle may take a value between 1° and 5°. For example, the draft angle may be 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, or 5°. Therefore, the thickness of the walls 102 of template 100 may be greater toward the second end 113 of template 100 than the thickness at the first end 111. In other words, the walls 102 of template 102 may be thicker toward their second ends than they are at their first ends. One or more of the walls 102 are thicker at the second end 122 of chamber 104 than at the first end 120.

[0362] Expansion characteristics During use, the path constructed using template 100 will expand and contract with changes in ambient temperature. As described herein, at least some of the chambers 104 in a specific row 146 of template 100 have the same shape. Similarly, at least some of the chambers 104 in a specific column 148 of template 100 have the same shape. Each row 146 intersects with column 148 at intersecting chambers. The shape of at least some of the chambers 104 in a specific row 146 and a specific column 148 is the same as the shape of the intersecting chambers between that row 146 and that column 148.

[0363] Figure 24 A top view of a portion of template 100 is shown. As described herein, each wall 102 has a wall thickness 119. Each chamber 104 also has a planar chamber dimension 213A. The planar chamber dimension 213A of chamber 104 can be the center-to-center distance of the chamber 104. The planar chamber dimension 213A of chamber 104 can be the center-to-center distance of the chamber 104 at a specific point along the axial dimension 126 of the chamber 104. In other words, the planar chamber dimension 213A of chamber 104 can be the center-to-center distance of the chamber 104 at a specific height of the chamber 104.

[0364] The ratio of wall thickness to chamber size can be defined along one or more imaginary lines of template 100. See also Figure 24 Several imaginary lines are shown. The ratio of wall thickness to chamber size can be defined as the ratio of the length of the wall 102 intersecting the imaginary line along the template 100 at a specific height to the length of the chamber 104 intersecting the imaginary line at that height. In other words, the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size is the ratio of the length of the wall 102 intersecting the imaginary line across the template 100 to the length of the gap defined by the chamber 104 of the template 100 intersecting the imaginary line. The imaginary lines are orthogonal to the axial direction 110.

[0365] Figure 24A first imaginary line 215 is shown. The first imaginary line 215 bisects one or more chambers 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the first imaginary line 215 bisects one chamber 104 and half of two chambers 104. The first imaginary line 215 extends from the center of the cross-section of the first chamber 104 to the center of the cross-section of the second chamber 104. The first imaginary line 215 passes through several walls 102 of the template 100. The first imaginary line 215 passes through several chambers 104. In particular, the first imaginary line 215 passes through the gaps in the several chambers 104. The ratio of the wall thickness along the first imaginary line 215 to the chamber size is the ratio of the length of the wall 102 through which the first imaginary line 215 passes to the length of the chamber 104 through which the first imaginary line 215 passes. In other words, the ratio of the wall thickness along the first imaginary line 215 to the cell size is the ratio of the sum of the wall thicknesses 119 of the walls 102 through which the first imaginary line 215 passes to the sum of the planar cell sizes 213A of the cell 104 through which the first imaginary line 215 passes. The relevant planar cell size 213A is the size of the planar cell traversed by the first imaginary line 215. In this case, they are the center-to-center distances of the relevant cell 104.

[0366] Figure 24 A second imaginary line 217 is shown. The second imaginary line 217 bisects one or more chambers 104. In the illustrated embodiment, the second imaginary line 217 bisects one chamber 104 and half of two chambers 104. The second imaginary line 217 is orthogonal to the first imaginary line 215. The second imaginary line 217 extends from the center of the cross-section of the first chamber 104 to the center of the cross-section of the second chamber 104. The second imaginary line 217 passes through several walls 102 of the template 100. The second imaginary line 217 passes through several chambers 104. In particular, the second imaginary line 217 passes through the gaps in the several chambers 104. The ratio of the wall thickness along the second imaginary line 217 to the chamber size is the ratio of the length of the wall 102 through which the second imaginary line 217 passes to the length of the chamber 104 through which the second imaginary line 217 passes. In other words, the ratio of the wall thickness along the second imaginary line 217 to the cell size is the ratio of the sum of the wall thicknesses 119 of the walls 102 through which the second imaginary line 217 passes to the sum of the planar cell sizes 213A of the cell 104 through which the second imaginary line 217 passes. The relevant planar cell size 213A is the size of the planar cell traversed by the second imaginary line 217. In this case, they are the center-to-center distances of the relevant cell 104.

[0367] The first imaginary line 215 is parallel to a row of 146 cells 104. The second imaginary line 217 is parallel to a column of 148 cells 104. The first imaginary line 215 extends across the first end 111 of the template 100. The second imaginary line 217 extends across the first end 111 of the template 100. It should be understood that, in other cases, the imaginary lines may extend across the template 100 at any point between the first end 111 and the second end 113. The first imaginary line 215 and the second imaginary line 217 are of the same length. The first imaginary line 215 extends along a row of 146 cells 104. In this case, the row is the outermost cell 130 of the row of 146 cells. The second imaginary line 217 extends along a column of 148 cells 104. In this case, the column is the outermost cell 130 of the column of 148 cells. The row of 146 cells 104 and the column of 148 cells 104 share a common cell 104. The shared cell is a cell that is partially bisected by each of the first imaginary line 215 and the second imaginary line 217. That is, the corner cell 104.

[0368] The ratio of wall thickness to chamber size along the first imaginary line 215 is the same as the ratio along the second imaginary line 217. In other words, the first imaginary line 215 and the second imaginary line 217 pass through the same length of wall 102. The first imaginary line and the second imaginary line 217 pass through the same length of chamber 104.

[0369] Therefore, the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size along row 146 of chamber 104 is the same as the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size along column 148 of chamber 104. Chamber 104 in row 146 and chamber 104 in column 148 share a common chamber 104. The common chamber 104 is bisected by the axis of symmetry 203 of template 100. It should be understood that the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size can be determined at a specific height of chamber 104. Although a specific ratio of wall thickness to chamber size can vary between different chamber heights (due to variations in wall thickness 119 at different chamber heights), the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size along row 146 of chamber 104 will remain the same as the ratio along column 148 of chamber 104, where row 146 and column 148 include the common chamber, and the measurement is performed at the common height. The common chamber can be the origin for the measurement used to determine the ratio of wall thickness to chamber size.

[0370] The ratio of the wall thickness to the room size of peripheral room 130 along row 146 of the first subset 144 of peripheral room 130 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the room size of peripheral room 130 along column 148 of the first subset 144 of peripheral room 130. It should be understood that this ratio can be obtained across at least a portion of the row / column. Similarly, the ratio of the wall thickness to the room size of peripheral room 130 along row 146 of the second subset 145 of peripheral room 130 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the room size of peripheral room 130 along column 148 of the second subset 145 of peripheral room 130. It should be understood that this ratio can be obtained across at least a portion of the row / column.

[0371] The ratio of the wall thickness to the size of the inner chamber 140 along row 146 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the size of the inner chamber 140 along column 148.

[0372] It should be understood that this ratio can be obtained across at least a portion of a row / column. That is, the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along a portion of a row of 146 cells 104 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along a portion of a column of 148 cells 104. The row of 146 cells 104 can be a row of outer cells 130. The row of 146 cells 104 can be a row of 146 inner cells 140. The row of 146 cells 104 can include both outer cells 130 and inner cells 140. The column of 148 cells 104 can be a column of outer cells 130. The column of 148 cells 104 can be a column of 148 inner cells 140. The column of 148 cells 104 can include both outer cells 130 and inner cells 140.

[0373] This relationship applies to a variety of different imaginary lines. The ratio applies to orthogonal imaginary lines parallel to the corresponding rows 146 and columns 148 of template 100 and centered at those cells 104. In some embodiments, the relationship applies to every height of the relationship that can be measured.

[0374] Anchor 151 Figures 39 to 46 Alternative embodiments of template 100 according to some embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Figure 40 The cross-sectional plane 171 is marked in the diagram. (Reference) Figures 39 to 45 The template 100 described has the same characteristics as the reference. Figures 5 to 38 The template 100 describes one or more features shared by it. For example, Figures 39 to 45 The template 100 includes a wall 102 defining a chamber 104. The wall 102 also defines an opening 101. The wall 102, chamber 104, and / or opening 101 can be as follows: Figures 5 to 38 As described in template 100. Specifically, Figures 39 to 45Template 100 includes multiple outer chambers 130 and multiple inner chambers 140. The outer chambers 130 include a first subset 144 of outer chambers 130. The outer chambers 130 include a second subset 145 of outer chambers 130. The outer chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of outer chambers 130 are related to the reference... Figures 5 to 38 The peripheral chambers of the template 100 described are identical. In one or more aspects, the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130 are the same as those in the reference. Figures 5 to 38 The peripheral chambers of the described template 100 are the same. However, in one or more aspects, Figures 39 to 45 Template 100 and / or Figures 39 to 45 The outer chamber 130 of the template 100, in the second subset 145, is different from the reference. Figures 5 to 38 Template 100 is described.

[0375] Figures 39 to 45 Template 100 includes anchor 151. See also Figure 44 Anchor 151 extends from wall 102. Anchor 151 extends from wall 102 defining the boundary of chamber 104. Specifically, anchor 151 extends from wall 102 defining the boundary of peripheral chamber 130. That is, anchor 151 extends from wall 102 of peripheral chamber 130. Anchor 151 extends orthogonally from wall 102. It should be understood that in some embodiments, anchor 151 may extend at an angle different from 90°.

[0376] Anchor 151 extends from a first lateral end 157 to a second lateral end 159. The first lateral end 157 is located at the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 extends. In other words, the first lateral end 157 is adjacent to the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 extends. The anchor 151 can be considered to meet the wall 102 at a joint. The first lateral end 157 is at the joint. The second lateral end 159 is the free end of the anchor 151. The second lateral end 159 is the end of the anchor 151 furthest from the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 protrudes.

[0377] Anchor 151 extends from a first axial end 153 to a second axial end 155. The first axial end 153 is located at the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 extends. In other words, the first axial end 153 is adjacent to the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 extends. The second axial end 155 is the second free end of the anchor 151.

[0378] Each point of anchor 151 has an associated lateral dimension. The lateral dimension of a point of anchor 151 is the distance between a first lateral end 157 and a second lateral end 159 of anchor 151 at that point, measured in the lateral direction 161. The lateral direction 161 may be the lateral direction of template 100. The lateral direction 161 is orthogonal to the axial direction 110.

[0379] The lateral dimension of anchor 151 varies along its length. Specifically, the lateral dimension of anchor 151 varies as anchor 151 extends laterally from the first axial end 153 to the second axial end 155. The lateral dimension of anchor 151 increases from a first lateral dimension at or near the first axial end 153 to a second lateral dimension 165 at an intermediate axial point 163 along the length of anchor 151. The first lateral dimension may be the minimum lateral dimension of anchor 151. The second lateral dimension 165 may be the maximum lateral dimension of anchor 151. In the illustrated embodiment, the lateral dimension of anchor 151 increases from a minimum dimension at or near the first axial end 153 to a maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point 163 of anchor 151. The intermediate axial point 163 is coplanar with the second chamber end 122 of the chamber 104 where anchor 151 is disposed. Specifically, the intermediate axial point 163 is coplanar with the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130, which is partially defined by the wall 102 from which the anchor 151 extends.

[0380] The lateral dimension of anchor 151 changes from its maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point 163 to an intermediate dimension 167 at the second axial end 155 of anchor 151. Specifically, the lateral dimension of anchor 151 decreases from its maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point 163 to an intermediate dimension 167 at the second axial end 155 of anchor 151. The second axial end 155 of anchor 151 is planar. The lateral edge 169 of anchor 151 is planar. In other words, anchor 151 includes one or more lateral edge faces.

[0381] The thickness of anchor 151 is constant across at least a portion of anchor 151. The thickness of anchor 151 is measured in a direction orthogonal to the lateral direction 161. The thickness of anchor 151 is measured in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction 110. The thickness of anchor 151 is greater than the thickness of wall 102. The thickness of anchor 151 is greater than the thickness of wall 102 at one or more points on template 100. The thickness of anchor 151 can be any of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, anchor 151 is 5 mm thick.

[0382] In some embodiments, the thickness of the anchor 151 may be greater closer to the wall 102 from which the anchor protrudes than towards the lateral end of the anchor 151. That is, the thickness of the anchor 151 may vary along the dimensions of the anchor 151. Increasing the thickness of the anchor 151 at the connection between the anchor 151 and the wall 102 increases the connection strength between the anchor 151 and the wall 102. This reduces the likelihood of the anchor detaching from the wall 102 during use.

[0383] Template 100 includes one or more anchors 151. The illustrated template 100 includes a plurality of anchors 151. As described herein, template 100 includes a plurality of outer walls 102. The outer walls 102 define the boundaries of peripheral chambers 130. Anchors 151 extend from these outer walls 102. In other words, anchors 151 are connected to these outer walls 102. Thus, anchors 151 can be said to extend from the outer walls 102 of template 100. Anchors 151 extend from the outer walls 102 defining chambers 104 in a second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130.

[0384] Template 100 includes at least one anchor 151 for each of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. In the illustrated embodiment, template 100 includes two anchors 151 for each of the plurality of peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. Specifically, except for one peripheral cell 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130, template 100 includes two anchors 151 for each peripheral cell 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. The one peripheral cell 130 is a cell 104 shared between cell 104 in the second row 146 and cell 104 in the second column 148 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. In other words, an anchor 151 extends from the walls 102 together, which define at least a portion of the boundary of the shared chamber 104 between the second row 146 chamber 104 and the second column 148 chamber 104 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130.

[0385] As described herein, template 100 includes a plurality of outer walls 102. The outer walls 102 define the boundaries of the peripheral chambers 130. Anchors 151 extend from these outer walls 102. In other words, anchors 151 are connected to these outer walls 102. Thus, anchors 151 can be said to extend from the outer walls 102 of template 100.

[0386] The template 100 includes external anchors 151A. The template 100 includes a plurality of external anchors 151A. The external anchors 151A extend away from the wall 102 of the template 100. That is, the external anchors 151A extend away from the internal chamber 140 of the template 100. The external anchors 151A also extend away from the peripheral chamber 130 of the template 100.

[0387] The outer anchor 151A extends from one or more of the walls 102 of one or more of the peripheral chambers 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the template 100 includes at least one outer anchor 151 for one or more peripheral chambers 130. Specifically, the template 100 includes one outer anchor 151 for more than one of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. In other words, the outer anchor 151A extends from at least a portion of the wall 102 defining at least a portion of the walls of the plurality of peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130. The outer anchor 151A does not extend from any of the walls 104 of the chamber 104 shared between the second row 146 chamber 104 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130 and the second column 148 chamber 104 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chambers 130.

[0388] The template 100 includes internal anchors 151B. The internal anchors 151B extend from their respective walls 102 toward another wall 102 defining the boundary of the associated peripheral chamber 130. The template 100 includes a plurality of internal anchors 151B. The internal anchors 151B extend from their respective walls 102 toward one or more other walls 102 of the template 100.

[0389] The inner anchor 151B extends through a second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130, which is at least partially defined by the wall 102 from which the inner anchor 151B extends. Therefore, the second axial end 155 of the inner anchor 151B is on the side of the second chamber opening 128 opposite to the first axial end 153 of the inner anchor 151B. Each of the inner anchors 151B extends through a corresponding second chamber opening 128. Therefore, the second axial end 155 of each inner anchor 151B is on the side of the associated second chamber opening 128 opposite to the first axial end 153 of the corresponding inner anchor 151B.

[0390] The second axial end 155 of the inner anchor 151B is farther from the first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130, which is at least partially defined by the wall 102 from which the inner anchor 151B extends, than from the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130. In other words, the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130, which is at least partially defined by the wall 102 from which the inner anchor 151B extends, lies between the second axial end 155 of the inner anchor 151B and the first chamber opening 124 of the peripheral chamber 130.

[0391] Template 100 includes a pair of anchors 151 for one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. In the illustrated embodiment, except for the cell 104 shared between the second row 146 cell 104 and the second column 148 cell 104, template 100 includes a pair of anchors 151 for each of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. Each pair of anchors 151 includes an outer anchor 151A and an inner anchor 151B. The outer anchor 151A is a mirror image of the inner anchor 151B. The outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B are aligned. The outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B are aligned to define a channel therebetween.

[0392] The width of the channel can be defined as the distance between the inner anchor 151B and the outer anchor 151A defining the channel at an axial point of the channel. In the illustrated embodiment, the width of the channel increases along the axial length of the outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B. That is, the width of the channel decreases as the channel extends laterally from the second axial end 155 of the outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B toward the first axial end 153 of the outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B defining the channel. In some embodiments, the width of the channel can be constant. In some embodiments, the width of the channel can increase as the channel extends laterally from the second axial end 155 of the outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B toward the first axial end 153 of the outer anchor 151A and the inner anchor 151B defining the channel. The channel is configured to receive the upper portion of a wall defining a portion of a peripheral chamber of another template.

[0393] The peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130 includes the anchor 151 described herein. The peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130 does not include anchors. However, it should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130 may include one or more anchors. In one or more aspects, these anchors may be as described with reference to anchor 151. These anchors may be mirror images of the transverse plane of template 100 compared to anchor 151. That is, where anchor 151 extends through the second chamber opening 128 of the peripheral chamber 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral chamber 130, it should be understood that the anchors of the peripheral chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral chamber 130 may extend through the first chamber opening 124 of the associated chamber 104. That is, they can extend from one side of the first chamber opening 124 of the associated chamber 104 to the other side of the first chamber opening 124 of the chamber 104. In this way, they can define a channel, similar to the channel described with reference to anchors 151A and 151B. The channel can be configured to receive one or more walls of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of the peripheral chambers of the adjacent template 100. That is, the channel can receive the upper peripheral chamber of the adjacent template.

[0394] Connecting chamber protrusion 191 See Figure 48 The wall 102 defining the connecting chamber 150 may include a connecting chamber protrusion 191. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 may be referred to as a shear pin. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 may be in the form of a shear pin. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 protrudes away from the corresponding wall 102. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 protrudes toward another wall 102. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 protrudes into the connecting chamber 150.

[0395] The template 100 shown includes a plurality of connection chamber protrusions 191 for each connection chamber 150. Specifically, the template 100 includes three connection chamber protrusions 191 for each connection chamber 150. The connection chamber protrusions 191 are equidistantly spaced on the wall defining the connection chamber 150. The connection chamber protrusions 191 are equidistantly spaced around the connection chamber 150. Each connection chamber protrusion 191 is separated by a corresponding engagement 105. The radius of the connection chamber 150 at the connection chamber protrusion 191 is smaller than the radius of the connection chamber 150 when the connection chamber protrusion 191 is not in position. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the spacing of the connection chamber protrusions 191 may be different.

[0396] The connecting chamber protrusion 191 extends along at least a portion of the axial length of the connecting chamber 150. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 may extend along the entire axial length of the connecting chamber 150. In other words, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 may protrude from the associated wall 102 along at least a portion of its axial length. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 may protrude from the associated wall 102 along its entire axial length. In some embodiments, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 extends only along a portion of the respective wall 102. It may extend along the lower portion of the wall 102. It may extend along the upper portion of the wall 102 of the chamber 104 (i.e., the portion near the first chamber opening 124). The connecting chamber protrusion 191 is configured to improve the connection between a plurality of templates 100 connected together. In some embodiments, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 is configured to enable an interference fit between the connecting chamber 150 of one template and a protrusion 152 of another template 100. In some embodiments, when the protrusion 152 is inserted into the corresponding connecting chamber 150, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 undergoes plastic deformation. This deformation can be shearing. That is, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 can be configured to shear when the protrusion 152 is inserted into the corresponding connecting chamber 150. In this way, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 can be shear pins that improve the connection quality between adjacent templates 100. The connecting chamber protrusion 191 can be consumable.

[0397] When template 100 is connected to another template 100, the radius of the connecting chamber 150 at the connecting chamber protrusion 191 can be smaller than the radius of the protrusion 152 that fits within the connecting chamber 150. This can be referred to as the size rather than the radius.

[0398] During path construction, a portion of the connecting chamber protrusion 191 may detach from the wall 102 of the formwork 100. Because the radius of a protrusion 152 of another formwork 100 is larger than the radius of the connecting chamber 150 at the connecting chamber protrusion 191, the protrusion 152 may break off a portion of one or more of the connecting chamber protrusions 191 during installation. This may be referred to as size rather than radius.

[0399] Path construction method Template 100 is configured for use during path construction. Specifically, multiple templates (as referenced) Figures 5 to 44 The template 100 described can be used during path construction. The template 100 is configured to receive infill material. In particular, one or more of the chambers 104 are configured to receive infill material. In the illustrated embodiment, each chamber 104 is configured to receive infill material.

[0400] For the construction of the path, several appropriately sized templates manufactured according to this specification are provided. The template 100 shown includes 14 cells 104 in each row 146 and each column 148 of peripheral cells 130. It should be understood that in some embodiments, this number may vary. For example, the peripheral cells 130 in rows 146 may include 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 cells 104. The peripheral cells 130 in columns 148 may include 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 cells 104. The number of cells 104 in a row 146 of peripheral cells 130 may differ from the number of cells 104 in a column 148 of peripheral cells 130. The number of cells 104 in a row of 146 cells 104 of template 100 may differ from the number of cells 104 in a column of 148 cells of template 100. In some embodiments, the number of cells 104 in the first row 146 may differ from the number of cells 104 in the second row 146. These rows 146 may be multiple rows of outer cells 130 or multiple rows of inner cells 140. Similarly, the number of cells 104 in the first column 148 may differ from the number of cells 104 in the second column 148. These columns 148 may be multiple columns of outer cells 130 or multiple columns of inner cells 140.

[0401] Initially, the base layer of the path is set on the ground. The base layer may be in the form of a polymer layer. The polymer layer may include one or more polymer sheets.

[0402] The formwork 100 is connected to the top of the base layer using corresponding connecting chambers 150 and protrusions 152. More generally, the formwork 100 is connected to the top of the ground. See also Figure 46 A template 100 can be placed on the base layer. An additional template 100 (which itself includes an outer chamber 130, a connecting chamber 150, and a protrusion 152, as described herein) is attached to the template 100 on the base layer by lifting the additional template 100, aligning the protrusion 152 along one side of the additional template 100 with the connecting chamber 150 of the template 100 placed on the base layer, and inserting the protrusion 152 of the additional template into the connecting chamber 150. A second template 100 can alternatively slide into place from one side of the first template 100. This can be repeated for any number of templates 100 on any area where path construction is desired. Figure 46Four templates 100 are shown. Upon installation, some of the peripheral chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of the peripheral chambers 130 of the first template 100 overlap with some of the peripheral chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the peripheral chambers 130 of the second template 100. These overlapping peripheral chambers 130 define complete chambers 104 (i.e., chambers 104 with the same height as chambers 104 in the inner chambers 140 of the corresponding template 100).

[0403] After the formwork 100 is connected, filler material can be provided to the chambers 104 of each formwork 100. The filler material may include cementitious material. The filler material may include asphalt material. The filler material may include granular filler material. The filler material may include one or more of cementitious material, asphalt material, and granular filler material. The filler material may include fibrous material. For example, the filler material may include carbon fiber. The filler material may include polypropylene fiber. The filler material may include, for example, 3 kg to 5 kg of fibrous material per cubic meter. The use of fibrous material can provide particular benefits when the filler material is cementitious. The filler material may include cement. The filler material can be poured onto the formwork 100, allowing the filler material to enter the chambers 104 of the formwork 100. The chamber connection channel 154 allows the filler material to flow between the chambers 104, even if the filler material is not poured directly onto each individual chamber 104. This allows each of the chambers 104 in each of the formwork 100 to be filled with filler material without explicitly pouring the filler material into each chamber 104. Filler material can be added until one or more of the chambers 104 are filled with filler material. In some cases, if a top layer of filler material is desired, the filler material may overflow the tops of several chambers in chamber 104. If the filler material requires curing and / or solidification, it may be allowed to cure and / or solidify after its application. It should be noted that a complete chamber defined by overlapping peripheral chambers of adjacent templates should be filled with filler material. A complete chamber may be referred to as a composite chamber. This may be because they are formed by walls 102 defining peripheral chambers 130 of adjacent templates 100.

[0404] After applying the filler material and allowing it to solidify (if necessary), the upper surface of the path can be leveled. A vibratory screed can be used to level the upper surface. The upper surface of the path can then be finished. Alternatively, a cutting machine can be used for finishing.

[0405] In use, template 100 remains part of the path. Therefore, template 100 can be referred to as a permanent template. Alternatively, template 100 can be referred to as a one-time template.

[0406] Several of the templates 100 described herein can also be used for curved path construction. See also Figure 47 Template 100 does not need to be directly aligned. In some cases, template 100 may be connected to offset edge portions to facilitate construction along curved paths. It should be understood that smaller templates 100 (i.e., templates with fewer outer chambers in each row and column of chambers) can be used for smaller curve radii.

[0407] Methods to repair paths The path created using the described method is easily repairable. For example, if a void exists in the ground beneath the path, the void can be filled and / or any damage to the path can be repaired. A hole can be drilled through one of the chambers 104 located above the void. A filler product can be injected into the void until it is substantially filled. The filler product can be the filler material described herein. The filler product can be foam. The filler product can also be applied until the drilled chamber 104 is refilled with the filler material. Alternatively, after the filler product is provided, additional filler material can be provided to refill the relevant chamber 104. This filler product can be allowed to solidify before the path is repaired.

[0408] advantage Template 100 described in this article offers several significant advantages.

[0409] Existing flexible pavements require significant volumes of material and excavation depths. Higher material volumes and excavation depths lead to associated increases in construction costs. Damage to flexible pavements is also common.

[0410] Rigid pavements are adversely affected by temperature changes, which can lead to expansion and subsequent cracking. Rigid pavements may also be relatively expensive to install and difficult to repair.

[0411] The template 100 described herein enables the construction of pathways / pavements for transportation that provide the benefits typically offered only by one of flexible or rigid pavements.

[0412] Formwork 100 enables the final construction of a flexible path because it is generally less rigid than concrete or steel-reinforced concrete paths. When the chambers 104 of formwork 100 are filled with infill material, the compressive strength of the infill material can be utilized during use, while the flexibility of formwork 100 allows the path to flex under load. Therefore, paths constructed using formwork 100 can provide the benefits traditionally offered by only one of flexible or rigid pavements. That is, paths constructed using formwork 100 can provide the benefits of rigid pavements (e.g., in the case of concrete infill material) while also providing the benefits of flexible pavements, at least in part due to the flexibility provided by formwork 100 and the way the formwork divides the path into infill-filled chambers 104. This characteristic reduces wear and tear on the path over time and can increase the service life of paths constructed using formwork 100.

[0413] The formwork 100 enables the construction of paths that can support high loads while withstanding minimal damage. For example, a path constructed using an array of connected formwork 100s combined with concrete as infill material can provide sufficient structural integrity for concrete trucks to drive over without disturbing the underlying base layer.

[0414] Constructing such a path using conventional methods may require a significant volume of concrete. Therefore, the described formwork 100 and the described method of using formwork 100 to construct the path eliminate or reduce the need for expensive concrete pumps in some cases (e.g., on large road surfaces).

[0415] Furthermore, compared to known conventional flexible and rigid pavement layers, the composite pavement layer constructed as described herein, consisting of a template 100 filled with infill material, can achieve a large tensile load-bearing capacity.

[0416] The template 100 described herein enables the construction of paths with relatively small vertical profiles (i.e., depth, and therefore corresponding excavation requirements) that can support the transport of heavy vehicles. Such paths can be constructed using minimal materials, which significantly reduces the cost of producing such paths and the logistical difficulties associated with their construction.

[0417] The connecting passage 154 of the formwork 100 advantageously allows the infill material to flow between the chambers 104 during construction. This enables the infill material to settle at a relatively constant height throughout the construction path.

[0418] No formwork or additional concrete reinforcement is required, saving time and costs.

[0419] The amount of concrete required to construct the path using the template 100 described herein is significantly less than that required for conventional rigid or flexible pavements. Furthermore, the reduced pavement layer thickness requires less excavation and materials compared to conventional pavements. Less excavation means cheaper heavy machinery, a lower risk of impacts or disruptions to underground services, and shorter timelines.

[0420] The load distribution of the pavement layer according to this disclosure is similar to that of a rigid pavement, such as... Figure 4 As depicted, the load is dispersed due to tensile stress transmitted through the template 100 filled with infill material. Therefore, any defects or voids below the path are shallower than those experienced by a flexible pavement.

[0421] In addition, due to its higher tensile strength, this path has a greater load-bearing capacity compared to conventional pavement, and can continue to work even with defects beneath the path, without failing and requiring maintenance for a longer period of time.

[0422] In the event of voids beneath the path, access to the voids can be provided by removing the filler material from individual chambers and filling the voids with a suitable filler product. Furthermore, prior to repair, the flexibility of the template 100 allows the path to flex to partially accommodate the voids. This reduces damage to the composite path (i.e., the template 100 filled with filler material) caused by damage beneath the path.

[0423] As described herein, formwork 100 includes a plurality of peripheral chambers 130. The peripheral chambers 130 are configured to overlap with the peripheral chambers 130 of adjacent formwork 100 during installation. When infill material is poured into the formwork 100 during the construction of the path, the overlapping peripheral chambers 130 of adjacent formwork 100 form a composite chamber receiving the infill material. The composite chamber is formed by the walls 102 of two different formwork 100s. This configuration allows for better utilization of the structural properties of a particular infill material. For example, when the infill material is concrete, the formwork 100 of this design makes better use of the compressive strength of concrete compared to other designs. This is especially true when loads are applied to the path that cause one formwork 100 to move away from the adjacent formwork 100. In this case, a force is applied in a first direction by the wall 102 of the peripheral chamber 130 of one of the formwork 100s, and a second force is applied in a direction different from (e.g., opposite to) the first direction by the walls of the peripheral chambers 130 of the adjacent formwork 100. In this configuration, the filling material in the composite chamber is compressed by the walls 102 of the formwork 100. When the filling material is concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete can be used to inhibit the separation of the formwork 100. This characteristic of the path formed using the formwork 100 described herein can significantly increase the service life of the path.

[0424] The wall 102 of template 100 is also configured to accommodate the expansion and contraction of the filler material. As described herein, template 100 may include a polymer. Therefore, wall 102 may be formed of a polymer. Alternatively, wall 102 may be formed of another material capable of accommodating the expansion and contraction of the filler material. Template 100 may include a polymer composite material. That is, template 100 may include a polymer mixed with another material. In some embodiments, additives are added to the polymer prior to the formation of template 100. Therefore, the template may include additives.

[0425] The thickness of the walls 102 of the formwork 100 reduces or eliminates the need to provide expansion gaps in the path. This is because each wall 102 acts as an independent expansion gap, with each wall adapting to a portion of the expansion of the infill material. Therefore, the formwork 100 enables the construction of paths with no or minimal expansion gaps. This reduces the complexity of path construction, lowers construction costs, and increases the lifespan of the path.

[0426] Therefore, template 100 enables the construction of paths with improved structural integrity compared to paths constructed using existing methods, wherein the structural integrity characteristics of paths constructed using template 100 at a lower thickness significantly exceed those of conventional pavements.

[0427] Anchors 151 also provide significant technical benefits. When using template 100 to construct a path, forces from heavy vehicles during use can cause the path to deflect. As described herein, each pair of anchors 151 forms a channel therebetween. The channel is formed below the wall 102 defining the outer chamber 130 of the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 of the respective template 100. In use, another template 100 is positioned such that some of the outer chambers 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chambers 130 are aligned with the outer chambers 130 in the second subset 145 of the outer chambers 130 of the first template 100. In use, the upper portion of the wall 102 defining the relevant outer chamber 130 in the first subset 144 of the outer chambers 130 of the second template 100 is positioned between each pair of anchors 151. These anchors 151 serve to restrict relative movement between the groups of outer chambers 130 of the different templates 100. Anchor 151 also embeds each end of the peripheral chamber 130 of the first template 100 in the filling material, thereby suppressing movement of this part during use. Therefore, anchor 151 can reduce the relative movement between different templates (where they are connected together), thereby reducing cracking or failure rate of the construction path using template 100.

[0428] As described herein, the connecting chamber protrusion 191 is configured such that an interference fit can be formed between the connecting chamber 150 of one template 100 and the protrusion 152 of another template 100 received within those connecting chambers 150. This improves the degree to which the templates 100 can be connected together. It improves the reliability of the connection and reduces the likelihood of the protrusion 152 dislodging from the connecting chamber 150.

[0429] As described herein, the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along at least a portion of a row of 146 cells 104 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along at least a portion of a column of 148 cells 104. This characteristic of the design of the formwork 100 provides significant advantages. As described herein, the formwork 100 is configured to be filled with infill material during path construction. Designing the formwork 100 such that the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along at least a portion of a row of 146 cells 104 is equal to the ratio of the wall thickness to the cell size along at least a portion of a column of 148 cells 104 ensures that the ratio of the length of the infill material to the wall thickness 119 along the imaginary line of the formwork 100 is equal in the orthogonal direction. In this way, the formwork 100 and the infill material expand equally along the first lateral axis 173 and the second lateral axis 175 during use. That is, after the path is constructed, it expands equally along the first lateral axis 173 and the second lateral axis 175 during use.

[0430] Template 100 is described as comprising 146 rows of cells 104 and 148 columns of cells 104. For example... Figure 19 As shown, row 146 is a horizontal row 146. That is, row 146 extends in a direction parallel to the first lateral axis 173. Figure 18 Column 148 is a vertical column 148. That is, column 148 extends in a direction parallel to the second lateral axis 175. In some embodiments, diagonal rows and columns may be considered. See also Figure 19 Template 100 includes several diagonal rows. Template 100 also includes several diagonal columns. The diagonal rows include cells 104 of alternating shapes. An axis of symmetry 203 extends along the diagonal rows. The diagonal rows are parallel to the axis of symmetry 203. The diagonal columns include cells 104 of alternating shapes. The diagonal columns are orthogonal to the axis of symmetry 203.

[0431] The ratio of wall thickness to cell size also applies to rows 146 and columns 148 considered diagonally. The ratio of wall thickness to cell size along at least a portion of the diagonal row cells 104 is equal to the ratio along at least a portion of the diagonal column cells 104. Similarly, the diagonal row cells 104 and diagonal column cells 104 include a common cell. The common cell can be a reference cell for measurement. In this way, the filling material and template 100 also expand equally in the direction of rotation of 45° relative to the first lateral axis 173 and the second lateral axis 175. That is, the path expands equally in the direction of rotation of 45° relative to the first lateral axis 173 and the second lateral axis 175 after construction.

[0432] Therefore, the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along the diagonal row of cells 104 is the same as the ratio along the diagonal column of cells 104. The diagonal row and column of cells 104 share a common cell 104. The common cell 104 is bisected by the axis of symmetry 203 of the template 100. It should be understood that the ratio of wall thickness to cell size can be determined at a specific height of the cell 104. While a specific ratio of wall thickness to cell size can vary between different cell heights (due to variations in wall thickness 119 at different cell heights), the ratio of wall thickness to cell size along the diagonal row of cells 104 will remain the same as the ratio along the diagonal column of cells 104, where the row 146 and column 148 include the common cell, and the measurement is performed at the common height along equal lengths of the row and column from a common reference point of one or more cells 104 (e.g., the center of one or more cells 104). A shared cell can be the origin for measurements used to determine the ratio of wall thickness to cell size.

[0433] The wall thickness to chamber size ratio, as described herein, can improve the service life of the pathway. It can reduce cracking of the filler material and / or breakage of the template 100. Therefore, the reliability of the pathway improves over time.

[0434] As described herein, the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 extend along the first and second sides of the template 100. The first and second sides are adjacent, such that the associated cells in rows 146 and columns 148 share a common cell. The peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 are arranged in a similar configuration; however, they are axially offset relative to the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144. All peripheral cells 130 on a particular side or edge of the template 100 have the same height. They are also offset from the inner cells 140 by a certain amount, at least on the upper or lower side. The peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 are offset at their upper ends. The peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 are offset at their lower ends. Therefore, the axial dimension of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset is smaller than the axial dimension of the inner cells. This configuration allows multiple templates 100 with the same design to be easily joined together. The templates 100 can be joined from one direction (i.e., above or below), and importantly, axial alignment is not an additional obstacle.

[0435] It should be understood that in some embodiments, one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130 may have a configuration as described herein with reference to the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130. Similarly, one or more of the peripheral cells 130 in the second subset 145 of peripheral cells 130 may have a configuration as described herein with reference to the peripheral cells 130 in the first subset 144 of peripheral cells 130.

[0436] Alternatively, template 100 may include a row 146 and / or a column 148 of peripheral chambers 130 axially offset from the upper and lower boundaries of the inner chambers 140. That is, the axial dimension of the associated peripheral chamber 130 may be smaller than the axial dimension of the inner chambers 140; however, a first chamber end 120 may be offset relative to one or more of the first chamber ends 120 of the inner chambers 140, and a second chamber end 122 may be offset relative to the second chamber ends 122 of one or more of the inner chambers 140. This type of peripheral chamber 130 may be referred to as a central peripheral chamber. Similarly, template 100 may include a set of coaxial peripheral chambers 130. That is, a row 146 or a column 148 of peripheral chambers 130 may include one or more pairs of coaxial chambers 104. The coaxial chambers 104 are coaxial. The coaxial chambers 104 are axially offset relative to each other. Similarly, the distance between the first chamber end 120 and the second chamber end 122 of the coaxial chamber will be smaller than the distance between the first chamber end 120 and the second chamber end 122 of the inner chamber 140. Each pair of coaxial chambers 104 may define a spacing therebetween. This spacing may be configured to receive the central peripheral chamber of another template 100. In this way, the central peripheral chambers of adjacent templates 100 and the coaxial peripheral chambers of templates 100 will be coaxially aligned to receive filler material.

[0437] Many modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0438] In the following claims and the foregoing description, unless the context requires otherwise by express expression or necessarily implied, the word “comprise” or variations thereof (such as “comprises” or “comprising”) is used in an inclusive sense, that is, to indicate the presence of the said feature, but does not exclude the presence or addition of other features in the various embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A template, comprising: Multiple walls define multiple chambers, each chamber extending axially from the opening of a first chamber to the end of a second chamber. in: These multiple chambers include: Multiple peripheral cells; and Multiple internal compartments; These peripheral cells define at least a portion of the peripheral portion of the template; These internal compartments define at least a portion of the interior of the template; The outer portion of the template at least partially surrounds the inner portion of the template; The first chamber opening and the second chamber end of these peripheral chambers are closer together than the first chamber opening and the second chamber end of one or more of these internal chambers; These multiple peripheral cells include: The first subset of the outer room; and The second subset of the outer small room; and The first subset of the outer chambers includes: The first row of small rooms; and The first small room.

2. The template as described in claim 1, wherein, The first row of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells include shared cells.

3. The template as described in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, The second subset of the outer chambers includes: The second row of small rooms; and The second row of small rooms; and The second row of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells include shared cells.

4. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, One or more peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

5. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least one of these walls is the wall of the first peripheral chamber and the second peripheral chamber.

6. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, One or more of these peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

7. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The openings of the first cells in the first subset of the outer cells are coplanar; and The first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of the peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the internal chambers.

8. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, Each of these chambers includes a second chamber opening located at the second chamber end of the respective chamber.

9. The template as described in claim 8, wherein: The openings of the second chambers in the first subset of the outer chambers are coplanar; and The second chamber opening of the outer chamber in the first subset of the outer chambers is coplanar with the second chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

10. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The openings of the first chambers in the second subset of the outer chambers are coplanar; and The opening of the first chamber of the outer chamber in the second subset of the outer chambers is coplanar with the opening of the first chamber of these inner chambers.

11. The template as described in claim 8, claim 9, or claim 10 when dependent on claim 8, wherein: The opening of the second cell in the second subset of the peripheral cells is offset from the following axial directions: One or more of these internal chambers have a second chamber opening; and The second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of the peripheral chambers.

12. The template as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising an anchor extending from one of the walls that defines the boundary of the peripheral chamber.

13. The template as described in claim 12, wherein, The anchor: In the lateral direction, it extends from a first lateral end located at the wall from which the anchor extends to a second lateral end, the second lateral end being the free end of the anchor. and It extends from the first axial end to the second axial end in this axial direction, and the second axial end is the second free end of the anchor.

14. The template as described in claim 12 or claim 13, wherein, The lateral dimension of the anchor varies from the minimum lateral dimension at or near the first axial end to the maximum lateral dimension at the intermediate axial point of the anchor.

15. The template as described in claim 14, wherein, The intermediate axial point is coplanar with the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends.

16. The template as described in claim 14 or claim 15, wherein, The lateral dimension of the anchor changes from the maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point to the intermediate dimension at the second axial end of the anchor, which is smaller than the maximum dimension.

17. The template as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein, The anchor extends from its respective wall toward one or more other walls of the template.

18. The template as described in claim 17, wherein, The anchor extends through the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends.

19. The template as claimed in claim 17 or claim 18, wherein, The second axial end of the anchor is farther from the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, than it is from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

20. The template as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein, The second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, partially defined by the anchor from its extending wall, is between the second axial end of the anchor and the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

21. The template as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein, The anchor extends away from the wall of the template.

22. The template as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein, The template applies to more than one peripheral cell in the second subset of the peripheral cells, including at least one anchor.

23. The template of claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of peripheral cells in the second subset of peripheral cells comprises two anchors.

24. The template as described in claim 22 or claim 23 when dependent on claim 3, wherein, An anchor extends from these walls together, which define at least a portion of the boundary of the shared cell between the second row of cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the peripheral cells.

25. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein, The template is symmetric about the axis of symmetry, which bisects the template. The cells shared between the first row of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells; and The shared cell between the second row of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells.

26. The template as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein: The ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a row of cells is the same as the ratio along a column of cells; and The row cell and the column cell share a common cell.

27. The template according to any one of claims 1 to 26, comprising a repeating cell structure in which octagonal cells are adjacent to rectangular cells.

28. The template as described in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein, One or more octagonal cells are adjacent to two or more rectangular cells.

29. A template, comprising: Multiple walls define multiple chambers, each chamber extending from the opening of the first chamber to the end of the second chamber; These multiple small chambers include: Multiple peripheral cells; and Multiple internal compartments.

30. The template as described in claim 29, wherein, Each chamber extends axially from the opening of the first chamber to the end of the second chamber.

31. The template as described in claim 29 or claim 30, wherein: These peripheral cells define at least a portion of the peripheral portion of the template; These internal chambers define at least a portion of the interior of the template; and The outer portion of the template at least partially surrounds the inner portion of the template.

32. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein, The first chamber opening and second chamber end of these peripheral chambers are closer together than the first chamber opening and second chamber end of one or more of these internal chambers.

33. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein, The axial dimension of one or more of these peripheral chambers is smaller than the axial dimension of one or more of these internal chambers.

34. The template as described in claim 33, wherein, The axial dimension of a particular cell is the shortest distance between the opening of the first cell and the end of the second cell, measured in that axial direction.

35. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 34, wherein, These multiple peripheral cells include: The first subset of the outer room; and The second subset of the outer small room.

36. The template as described in claim 35, wherein, The first subset of the outer chambers includes: The first row of small rooms; and The first small room.

37. The template as described in claim 36, wherein, The first row of cells and the first column of cells include shared cells.

38. The template as described in any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein, The first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of the peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the internal chambers.

39. The template as described in any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein, The openings of the first chambers in the first subset of the outer chambers are coplanar.

40. The template as described in any one of claims 35 to 39, wherein, The first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of the peripheral chambers is axially offset from the first chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

41. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 40, wherein, Each of these chambers includes a second chamber opening, which is located at the second chamber end of the corresponding chamber.

42. The template as described in claim 41 when dependent on claim 35, wherein: The openings of the second chambers in the first subset of the outer chambers are coplanar; and The second chamber opening of the outer chamber in the first subset of the outer chambers is coplanar with the second chamber opening of one or more of the inner chambers.

43. The template as described in claim 41 or claim 42 when dependent on claim 35, wherein, The second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the first subset of the peripheral chambers is axially offset from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

44. The template as described in any one of claims 35 to 40, or claim 41 or claim 42 when dependent on claim 35, wherein, The opening of the second cell in the second subset of the peripheral cells is offset from the following axial directions: One or more of these internal chambers have a second chamber opening; and The second chamber opening of one or more of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of the peripheral chambers.

45. The template as claimed in any one of claims 35 to 40, claim 41 when dependent on claim 35, or any one of claims 42 to 44, wherein: The second subset of the outer chambers includes: The second row of small rooms; and The second row of small rooms; and The second row of cells and the second column of cells include shared cells.

46. ​​The template as described in claim 45 when dependent on claim 36, wherein: The first row of cells is parallel to the second row of cells; and The first column of cells is parallel to the second column of cells.

47. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 46, wherein, One or more peripheral cells have walls shared with one or more other peripheral cells.

48. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 47, wherein, At least one of these walls is the wall of the first peripheral chamber and the second peripheral chamber.

49. The template as described in claim 41, wherein, The second chamber opening of one or more of these peripheral chambers is smaller than the first chamber opening of the corresponding peripheral chamber.

50. The template as claimed in claim 41 or any one of claims 42 to 49 as dependent on claim 41, wherein, The opening of the second chamber of one or more of these internal chambers is smaller than the opening of the first chamber of the corresponding chamber.

51. The template as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 50, further comprising a cantilever wall defining at least a portion of a particular chamber among the plurality of chambers.

52. The template as described in claim 51, wherein, The cantilever wall extends orthogonally away from the axial wall of the template.

53. The template as described in claim 51 or claim 52 when dependent on claim 41, wherein, The cantilever wall defines the second chamber opening of that particular chamber.

54. The template as described in any one of claims 51 to 53, wherein, The template includes multiple cantilever walls.

55. The template as described in claim 54, wherein, One or more of these cantilever walls are parallel to another of these cantilever walls.

56. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 55, wherein, At least some of these cells are arranged in multiple rows and columns.

57. The template as described in claim 56, wherein, The shape of the cells in a particular row is the same as the shape of the other cells in that row.

58. The template as described in claim 56 or claim 57, wherein, The multiple rows include alternating lines: Multiple rows of first-shaped small chambers; and Multiple rows of small chambers in the second shape.

59. The template as described in claim 58, wherein: The first shape is octagonal; and The second shape is rectangular.

60. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 59, wherein, These outer chambers are octagonal.

61. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 60, wherein: The volume of one or more of these peripheral chambers is smaller than the volume of one or more of these internal chambers; and One or more of these peripheral chambers have a larger volume than one or more of these internal chambers.

62. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 61, wherein, The plurality of chambers includes one or more connecting chambers configured to receive a portion of the second template, thereby inhibiting movement between the template and the second template in at least one direction.

63. The template as described in claim 62, wherein, These connecting chambers are circular.

64. The template as described in claim 62 or claim 63, wherein, The one or more connecting cells are at least partially defined by walls that also define at least a portion of one or more peripheral cells in the first subset of the peripheral cells.

65. The template as claimed in any one of claims 62 to 64, wherein, The first chamber opening of the one or more connecting chambers is coplanar with one or more of the first chamber openings of the peripheral chambers in the first subset of the peripheral chambers.

66. The template as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 65, further comprising one or more protrusions configured to cooperate with another template to suppress relative movement between the two templates.

67. The template as described in claim 66, wherein, Each of the one or more protrusions is configured to fit into a corresponding connecting chamber of the other template.

68. The template as described in claim 66 or claim 67, wherein, The shape of one or more of these protrusions allows them to be received within a volume having the same dimensions as one or more of these connecting chambers.

69. The template of any one of claims 66 to 68 as dependent on claim 35, wherein, The one or more protrusions extend outward from one or more of the walls of the peripheral cells that define the second subset of the peripheral cells.

70. The template as described in claim 69, wherein, The one or more protrusions are away from the first opening protrusion of the peripheral chamber in the second subset of the peripheral chambers.

71. The template as claimed in claim 35 or any one of claims 36 to 70 as dependent on claim 35, wherein, The first subset of the outermost cells and the second subset of the outermost cells are mutually exclusive.

72. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 71, wherein, The walls of one or more of these peripheral chambers form a closed loop.

73. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 72, wherein, The walls of one or more of these peripheral chambers form an open loop.

74. The template as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 73, further comprising an anchor extending from one of the walls that defines the boundary of the peripheral chamber.

75. The template as described in claim 74, wherein, The anchor: In the lateral direction, it extends from a first lateral end located at the wall from which the anchor extends to a second lateral end, the second lateral end being the free end of the anchor. and It extends from the first axial end to the second axial end in this axial direction, and the second axial end is the second free end of the anchor.

76. The template as described in claim 74 or claim 75, wherein, The lateral dimension of the anchor varies from the minimum lateral dimension at or near the first axial end to the maximum lateral dimension at the intermediate axial point of the anchor.

77. The template as described in claim 76, wherein, The intermediate axial point is coplanar with the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends.

78. The template as described in claim 76 or claim 77, wherein, The lateral dimension of the anchor changes from the maximum dimension at the intermediate axial point to the intermediate dimension at the second axial end of the anchor, which is smaller than the maximum dimension.

79. The template as claimed in any one of claims 76 to 78, wherein, The anchor extends from its respective wall toward one or more other walls of the template.

80. The template as described in claim 79, wherein, The anchor extends through the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends.

81. The template as described in claim 79 or claim 80, wherein, The second axial end of the anchor is farther from the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, which is partially defined by the wall from which the anchor extends, than it is from the second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

82. The template as described in any one of claims 79 to 81, wherein, The second chamber opening of the peripheral chamber, partially defined by the anchor from its extending wall, is between the second axial end of the anchor and the first chamber opening of the peripheral chamber.

83. The template as described in any one of claims 74 to 82, wherein, The anchor extends away from the wall of the template.

84. The template as described in any one of claims 74 to 83, wherein, The template applies to more than one peripheral cell in the second subset of the peripheral cells, including at least one anchor.

85. The template of claim 84, wherein each of the plurality of peripheral cells in the second subset of peripheral cells comprises two anchors.

86. The template as described in claim 84 or claim 85 when dependent on claim 45, wherein, An anchor extends from these walls together, which define at least a portion of the boundary of the shared cell between the second row of cells in the second subset of the peripheral cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the peripheral cells.

87. The template of claim 45 when dependent on claim 36, or of any one of claims 46 to 86 when dependent on claims 45 and 36, wherein, The template is symmetric about the axis of symmetry, which bisects the template. The cells shared between the first row of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells and the first column of cells in the first subset of the outermost cells; and The shared cell between the second row of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells and the second column of cells in the second subset of the outermost cells.

88. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 87, wherein: The ratio of wall thickness to cell size along a row of cells is the same as the ratio along a column of cells; and The row cell and the column cell share a common cell.

89. The template according to any one of claims 29 to 88, comprising a repeating cell structure in which octagonal cells are adjacent to rectangular cells.

90. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 89, wherein, One or more octagonal cells are adjacent to two or more rectangular cells.

91. The template as described in any one of claims 29 to 90, wherein, This template is permanent.

92. A road surface comprising a template as described in any one of claims 1 to 91.

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