Method and apparatus for determining transmit power in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a method of performing wireless communication and sensing by a first device and a device supporting the same. A first device may: obtain information related to a sensing area; determining a transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing region may be detected based on the sensing signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new type of mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve goals such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced power consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. In other words, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method can be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining information related to a sensing area; determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing area; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus may be provided. For example, the apparatus may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining information related to a sensing area; determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing area; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus configured as a control device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining information related to a sensing region; determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing region; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing region can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. When executed, these instructions cause a device to perform operations including: obtaining information related to a sensing region; determining a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between a first device and the sensing region; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing region can be detected based on the sensing signal. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The communication process between devices based on embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0011] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0012] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0013] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 6 This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0017] Figure 8 Beam management based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 9 Examples of sensing operations according to embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 10The relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power is illustrated according to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 11 An example of a single static (ISAC) technique according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 11 (a) Sensing and dual static ( Figure 11 (b) Sensing.

[0021] Figure 12 An example of a method for selecting a RoI using information from a receiver, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 13 An example is given of a method by which a transmitter sends a RoI to a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 14 An example is given of a method for selecting a RoI and transmitting the RoI to a transmitter and / or receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 15 An example is given of a method for selecting and transmitting a RoI according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 16 An example of a method for a receiver to select and send a RoI according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided.

[0026] Figure 17 An example is given of a method for selecting and sending a RoI using a third apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 18 An example of an information exchange method between a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a third device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 19 An example is given of transmitting a sensing signal with an excessively high transmission signal strength according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 20 An example is given of transmitting a sensing signal with insufficient transmission signal strength according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 21 The maximum and minimum distances between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0031] Figure 22 A representative beamforming direction for sensing in an ISAC technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0032] Figure 23An example of a method for transmitting a sensing signal in a wide beam pattern in the RoI direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 24 An example of a method for transmitting sensing signals together in the RoI direction and beam scanning operation with a narrow beam pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 25 An example of a reporting and / or feedback operation method in which a receiver performs reporting and / or feedback operations to a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 26 An example is given of a method for performing wireless communication by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 27 An example of a method for performing wireless communication by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 28 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 29 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 30 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 31 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 32 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 33 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0044] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0045] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0046] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0047] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "control message". In other words, "control message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be cited as an example of "control message". Specifically, when indicated as "control message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "control message".

[0048] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0049] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0050] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, downlink control information (DCI), etc.) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can also be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, sidelink control information (SCI), control information signaled between devices, etc.) from another device. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring a device.

[0052] In this disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In this disclosure, base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmit / receive point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0053] The technologies described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0054] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0055] Figure 1 The communication process between devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0056] Reference Figure 1In step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a UE and / or at least one of the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, network, RAN node, NTN node / cell, TRP, UE, and / or at least one of the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted based on rules predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include multiple synchronization signals based on structure or purpose classification (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.). In this way, the first device can check the boundaries of the frames, subframes, time units, time slots, and / or symbols of the second device, and the first device can obtain information for the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0057] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information sent by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to access the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be categorized based on content (e.g., whether it is inherently necessary for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is based on on-demand provision), etc. For example, the system information may be categorized into Main Information Blocks (MIBs) and System Information Blocks (SIBs). For example, the first device may send a signal requesting system information before receiving it, as needed. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0058] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can send and / or receive at least one message (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, supported preamble structure, etc.). For example, the first device can send a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), and the first device can send a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0059] In step S107, the first and second devices can execute signaling for control information. Here, for example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as layers controlling connections (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer), layers handling mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., Medium Access Control (MAC) layer), layers handling physical channels (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer), and so on. For example, the first and second devices can execute at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining communication-related configurations, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information can be signaled / sent via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel can be used for scheduling data, data channels (e.g., shared channels), and / or control information on data channels.

[0060] In step S109, the first and second devices can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first and second devices can process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the first or second device can perform at least one of channel coding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first or second device can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0061] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified as Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), Layer 3 (L3), and so on. For instance, the physical layer, belonging to Layer 1, can provide information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, can perform the function of controlling radio resources between the first and second devices. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first and second devices.

[0062] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. For example, Figure 2 (a) may show the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for uplink or downlink communication, and Figure 2 (b) may show the radio protocol stack for the control plane used for uplink or downlink communication. For example, Figure 2 (c) can illustrate the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for inter-device communication, and Figure 2(d) can show the radio protocol stack of the control plane used for inter-device communication.

[0063] For example, the physical layer can use physical channels to provide information transmission services to higher layers. For example, the physical layer can connect to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is a higher layer, via a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified based on how and what characteristics are used to transmit data through the radio interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device) via physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be used as radio resources.

[0064] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the higher-level Radio Link Control (RLC) layer via logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functionality by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0065] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0066] For example, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer can be defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer can be used to control logical, transport, and physical channels related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB can refer to a logical path provided by first (e.g., the physical layer) and second layers (e.g., the MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, etc.) for data delivery between a first device and a second device.

[0067] For example, the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and encryption. Similarly, the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0068] For example, RB configuration can refer to the process of specifying radio protocol layers and channel attributes to provide a specific service and configuring each specific parameter and operating method. For instance, RBs can be divided into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). For example, an SRB can be used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0069] For example, the downlink transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, in the case of traffic or control messages in downlink multicast or broadcast services, they may be transmitted via the downlink SCH, or they may be transmitted via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, the uplink transport channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, the logical channel located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0070] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0071] Reference Figure 3 For example, radio frames can be used for uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or inter-device transmission. For example, a radio frame can be 10 ms long and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, based on the cyclic prefix (CP), each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols.

[0072] For example, when using normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. For example, when using extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), and / or single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0073] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot based on SCS configuration (u) when using normal CP or extended CP. Number of time slots per frame ( ) and the number of time slots per subframe ( Examples of ).

[0074] [Table 2]

[0075] For example, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently across multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Correspondingly, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, time slots, or transmission time intervals (TTIs)) configured with the same number of symbols can be configured differently across the aggregated cells. For example, in this disclosure, time resources such as subframes, time slots, TTIs, etc., can be referred to as time units.

[0076] For example, multiple parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various services. For instance, with an SCS of 15kHz, wide-area coverage in conventional cellular bands can be supported, while with an SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. For instance, with an SCS of 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0077] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0078] Reference Figure 4 For example, a time slot can include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier can include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier can include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication can be performed by activating BWPs. For example, each element in a resource grid can be called a resource element (RE), and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0079] For example, a BWP can be a set of consecutive PRBs in a given parameter set. For example, a PRB can be selected from a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (CRBs) in a given parameter set on a given carrier.

[0080] For example, a BWP can be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, a UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the primary cell (PCell). For example, a UE may not receive the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) (except for Radio Resource Management (RRM)) other than the active DL BWP. For example, a UE may not trigger Channel State Information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, a UE may not transmit the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) other than the active UL BWP. For example, in the downlink case, the initial BWP can be given as a set of contiguous resource blocks (RBs) for the Residual Minimal System Information (RMSI) Control Resource Set (CORESET) (configured by the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). For example, in the uplink case, the initial BWP can be given by a System Information Block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be configured by higher layers. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. To save energy, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

[0081] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Figure 5 In this implementation, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0082] Reference Figure 5 For example, a common resource block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other, and a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. For example, point A can indicate a common reference point of the resource block grid.

[0083] For example, BWP can be defined by point A and offset from point A. and bandwidth N size BWP This can be configured. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, where all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) are 0-aligned with subcarriers. For example, offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0084] Figure 6This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0085] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), terahertz (THz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cellless communication, wireless information and power transfer (WIET), integrated sensing and communication, integrated access and backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analytics, and large-scale intelligent surfaces (LIS) can be adopted.

[0086] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI may enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0087] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-TH communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum is shown based on embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2The implementation methods can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Key features of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth capable of supporting very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0088] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0089] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0090] - Optical wireless technology

[0091] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0092] - Quantum communication

[0093] - Cellular communication

[0094] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0095] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0096] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0097] Big Data Analytics

[0098] -Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0099] - Metaverse

[0100] - Blockchain

[0101] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and Unmanned Aircraft (UAV).

[0102] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), a core element in establishing autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), etc.

[0103] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources installed on a satellite (or UAS platform). NTN services can be considered to ensure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services to areas where installing wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0104] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. It uses radio frequency to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects.

[0105] - Configurable Smart Surfaces (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, an RIS can consist of a metasurface or many small antennas arranged on a surface, and each small antenna can actively adjust the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For example, an RIS can improve signal reception by adjusting the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of an RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for adjusting the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because an RIS can be reconfigured according to various environments, it can meet various communication requirements and can operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0106] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0107] Reference Figure 7 NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) (HIBS) serving as International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM). For example, for purposes such as coverage enhancement, devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with base stations, satellite networks, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a UE, another AAM, etc.

[0108] Figure 8 Beam management based on an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0109] Reference Figure 8Beam management can include beamforming, beam measurement, beam reporting, and / or beam scanning. When using multiple antennas to form beams, a narrow antenna beam can transmit over a greater distance in a specific direction, but may not be able to cover the entire cell extensively at once. Conversely, if an antenna beam is formed in one direction, almost no antenna beam is formed in other directions, and therefore no signal can be transmitted. Therefore, in this case, the transmitter or receiver can use beamforming to transmit or receive data separately. In this scenario, the transmitter or receiver must continuously update and manage the beams used; this is known as beam management.

[0110] For example, the UE can perform the following operation-based sidelink FR2 (sidelink communication based on sidelink millimeter wave frequency) operation.

[0111] - Beam scanning operation: The operation of covering the airspace with transmit and / or receive beams in a predefined manner within a specific time interval.

[0112] - Beam measurement operation: The operation of measuring a reference signal (RS) sent by another device to find an RS value that is equal to or greater than a threshold.

[0113] - Beam selection operation: The operation of selecting the optimal beam (receive beam and / or transmit beam) based on the results of beam measurement.

[0114] - Beam reporting operation: The operation of reporting the selected optimal beam to another device or base station.

[0115] Meanwhile, integrated sensing and communication technology can be a topic primarily discussed in wireless communication technology, and can be referred to as Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) or Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS). The scope of integrated communication and sensing technologies can be broad depending on the application and level of integration, and can be developed and applied from various perspectives. For example, communication and sensing can operate independently while referencing functions installed in a single device (hardware). Furthermore, for example, communication and sensing can use the same frequency band, and can be performed using corresponding signals and operations. Additionally, for example, both communication and sensing functions can be performed simultaneously using the same signal (waveform).

[0116] For example, a UE can use radio frequency (RF) sensing to detect the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within that environment. Since RF sensing does not require a device-to-object connection within the network, it can provide device-free object localization services. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals can provide a wide range of new functionalities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, UAVs), and high-precision positioning, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health, and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to additionally support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide opportunities to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks to wireless and sensing networks.

[0117] Figure 9 Examples of sensing operations according to embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 9 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located in the same location (e.g., single static sensing), and Figure 9 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using separate sensing receivers and sensing transmitters (e.g., dual static sensing).

[0118] refer to Figure 9 (a) The sensing transmitter may transmit sensing signals for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signals may correspond to radio (frequency) signals defined as those that can be transmitted by a base station / terminal. For example, the sensing receiver may receive signals scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects) from the sensing signals transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results may be generated / obtained by processing the sensing data. For example, the sensing results may include characteristic information about one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects) (e.g., position, distance, velocity, angle, etc.). Here, for example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be used for wireless sensing services provided in a wireless communication system based on the 6G network of this disclosure (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or the environment), or may be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0119] For example, a sensing transmitter can be a base station or UE that transmits sensing signals for operating sensing services, and the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can be located at the same or different base stations or UEs. For example, a sensing receiver can be a base station or UE that receives sensing signals for operating sensing services, and the sensing receiver and sensing transmitter can be located at the same or different base stations or UEs. For example, a sensing target can be a target to be detected by inferring characteristics of an object in the environment from the sensing signals. For example, the background environment can be the background of a non-sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environmental object can be an object whose location is known other than the sensing target. For example, single static sensing can be sensing where the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or UE. For example, dual static sensing can be sensing where the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located in different base stations or UEs. For example, multiple static sensing can be sensing where multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers exist for a (single) sensing target. For example, single static sensing, dual static sensing, and / or multiple static sensing can be distinguished based on the angles among the sensing transmitter, sensing target, and sensing receiver. For example, when the angle among the sensing transmitter, sensing target, and sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it can be defined as single static sensing or semi-single static sensing. For example, when the angle among the sensing transmitter, sensing target, and sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it can be defined as dual static sensing or multi-static sensing. For example, the UE can transmit sensing signals on a radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the UE can transmit sensing signals on a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0120] For example, the general framework of the ISAC channel model can consist of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. This can be obtained, for example, based on Equation 1.

[0121] [Formula 1]

[0122] Here, for example, the target channel H target It can include all multipath components affected by the sensed target. For example, the background channel H Background It may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0123] For example, the radar cross section (RCS) can be a measure of the degree to which a target is detectable by a radar sensor. Therefore, it can often be referred to as the electromagnetic properties of the target. For example, a larger RCS can indicate that the target is easier to detect. For example, in radar sensor measurements, power can be transmitted toward the target, and the target can reflect a portion of that power back to the receiver. For example, the received power can be based on the target's RCS (among other factors). For example, the received power can be proportional to the RCS. For example, the target's RCS can be based on at least one of the following: the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, target movement, and / or target illumination.

[0124] Figure 10 The relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power is illustrated according to embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0125] refer to Figure 10 The RCS of a radar target can be an assumed area required to intercept the power density transmitted toward the target. For example, the corresponding radar equations can be defined as follows.

[0126] [Equation 2]

[0127] Here, for example, P TX It can be the transmitter power [W], G TX It can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance [m] between the device under test (EUT) and the target, and R CS It can be the radar cross section [m²], P RX It can be the power [W] that the EUT receives again from the object, and A eff This can be the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m²]. For example, A eff It can be obtained based on the following formula.

[0128] [Formula 3]

[0129] Here, for example, G RX λ can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ=c / f, c can be the speed of light of 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0130] For example, when the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for both transmission and reception (G TX =G RXWhen =G), the relevant radar equations can be defined as follows.

[0131] [Formula 4]

[0132] Here, for example, P TX It can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the device under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m²], and P RX It can be the power [W] that the device under test receives again from the object.

[0133] Figure 11 An example of a single static (ISAC) technique according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 11 (a) Sensing and dual static ( Figure 11 (b) Sensing. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0134] In ISAC technology, detection / estimation / sensing operations can be the same as or similar to radio detection and ranging (radar) operations. Generally, radar can be classified as monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing based on whether the transmitter and receiver are integrated. (Reference) Figure 11 (a) Single static sensing operation can refer to a method of detecting an object, wherein a signal transmitted from a transmitter is reflected by the object and received by a receiver located in the same location or device as the transmitter. (See reference) Figure 11 (b) Dual static sensing operation can refer to a method of identifying an object, wherein a signal transmitted by a transmitter is reflected by the object and received by a receiver located at a different location from the transmitter.

[0135] In this disclosure, although dual static operation has been described for ease of understanding, the solutions of this disclosure can be applied not only to dual static operation, but also to single static operation, multi-static operation, etc. For example, dual static sensing described in this disclosure can mean single static sensing, multi-static sensing, and / or dual static sensing. For example, in sensing operations according to various embodiments of this disclosure, for a sensing operation, a first device can perform a transmitter operation, and / or a second device can perform a receiver operation. For example, in sensing operations according to various embodiments of this disclosure, for a sensing operation, a first device can perform a transmitter operation, and / or a first device can perform a receiver operation. For example, this disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned names.

[0136] Typically, in a single static radar, the power (P) of the signal transmitted from the transmitter... t ) and the power received by the receiver (P) rThe relationship between the two can be the same as in Equation 5. The received power can be attenuated inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance (R) between the transmitter / receiver and the object, relative to the transmitted power.

[0137] [Formula 5]

[0138] Here, P r It can represent the received power (W), P t It can represent the transmission power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G r σ can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R can represent the distance between the radar and the object.

[0139] At this point, for example, in the case of bistatic or multistatic systems where the transmitter and receiver are separate, refer to Figure 11 In (b), the distance from the transmitter to the object and the distance from the receiver to the object can be different. For example, in this case, the received power (P) r The distance between the transmitter and the object (R) can be represented as shown in Equation 6. Tx It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the receiver and the object (R), and can be related to the distance between the receiver and the object (R). Rx The power of the receiver is inversely proportional to the square of the transmitter and receiver, allowing the receiver's power to differ from the case where the transmitter and receiver are in the same device (single static). For example, when the transmitter and receiver are in the same location or in the same device (single static), the distance (R) between the transmitter and the target increases. Tx The distance between the receiver and the object (R) Rx () can be the same.

[0140] [Formula 6]

[0141] Here, P r It can represent the received power (W), P t It can represent the transmission power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G r σ can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R... Tx It can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx It can represent the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0142] Simultaneously, when detecting objects in ISAC technology with separate transmitters and receivers (bistatic or multistatic), communication between the transmitter and receiver may be required for accurate detection. For example, information exchange between the transmitter and receiver may be necessary, such as detection area information, information about the object being detected, and / or the strength of the sensed signal. For example, information exchange regarding beamforming of the transmitter and receiver used for sensing in ISAC technology may be required. For example, the signal transmitted by the transmitter may need to have its direction and power limited to minimize interference with other signals (e.g., communication, sensing). Furthermore, for example, only a portion of the transmitted signal incident on the object may be reflected and received by the receiver. Therefore, for example, considering that the received signal strength may be further attenuated, it may be necessary to transmit a signal with sufficient reception performance for the receiver.

[0143] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, a method for a UE to determine transmit power in ISAC technology and an apparatus supporting the method are proposed.

[0144] In this disclosure, various embodiments are proposed for performing information exchange and beamforming operations between the transmitter and receiver during bistatic sensing in ISAC technology.

[0145] In this context, "transmitter" and "receiver" can refer to satellites, base stations, user equipment (UEs), and / or mobile entities (e.g., vehicles, drones, robots, etc.), and the roles of transmitter and / or receiver can be implemented within a single device / UE. For example, in dual static sensing, a signal transmitted by a base station transmitter and reflected by an object can be received by a base station receiver. Various combinations are possible, such as a signal transmitted by a base station transmitter being reflected by an object and received by a UE receiver. Furthermore, for example, in the same base station / UE, both transmission and reception of signals for ISAC dual static sensing can be performed (simultaneously and / or separately). Similarly, in the same base station / UE, both transmission and reception of signals for ISAC single static sensing can be performed (simultaneously and / or separately). Various combinations are possible beyond the examples described above.

[0146] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, additional preprocessing and / or postprocessing operations based on basic radar operations are proposed for bistatic detection / estimation and / or sensing operations in ISAC technology. For example, as a preprocessing operation for bistatic sensing, at least one of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device (system, entity) may select and exchange the area to be detected (Target Sensing / Detection Area (TSA) or Area of ​​Interest (RoI), hereinafter referred to as RoI) and / or the target object to be detected. For example, before performing bistatic sensing, it may be necessary to exchange signal information transmitted by the transmitter. For example, as a postprocessing operation after performing bistatic sensing, it may be necessary for the receiver to report and / or provide feedback to the transmitter or third device. In addition, in this disclosure, according to various embodiments, beamforming operations of the transmitter and / or receiver are proposed when performing bistatic sensing. For example, the operation of the transmitter and receiver when the sensing signal is transmitted from a single transmitter to any receiver and / or multiple receivers is described.

[0147] The configuration method proposed in this disclosure solves the limitation of the sensing area, a problem inherent in conventional sensing operations, and improves the performance of object detection. Furthermore, according to the dual static sensing operation proposed in this disclosure, the transmitter transmits an optimal signal, thereby minimizing unnecessary reception of signals reflected / diffracted by objects present in areas other than the RoI (Region of Interest). The receiver can focus on receiving the main signal and minimize noise reception.

[0148] For example, as a preprocessing operation performed before performing bistatic sensing, the transmitter, receiver, and / or a third requester may set the RoI, and the RoI may need to be provided to the transmitter and receiver. For example, at least one of the following methods may be used.

[0149] For example, the receiver can directly select an RoI and send RoI information / messages to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can send the geographic information of the selected RoI to the transmitter. For example, the receiver can send the absolute location of the RoI and / or the receiver's location and the RoI's relative location to the receiver (e.g., distance and direction or relative coordinates). For example, the receiver can select its current location or a predetermined radius of its movement path (e.g., a circle, ellipse, sector, rectangle, etc.) as the RoI, and can send the receiver's current location, movement path and direction, and / or the size of the detection area (e.g., radius, angle, offset, etc.) to the transmitter. For example, the transmitter can then send a sensing signal to the received RoI to perform bistatic sensing, allowing the receiver to detect signals reflected by the object.

[0150] In this context, for example, when the receiver sends an RoI, the transmitter can be a specific transmitter. Alternatively, when the receiver sends an RoI, the transmitter can be any transmitter. Or, when the receiver sends an RoI, the transmitter can be multiple transmitters. For example, when the receiver requests the transmission of a bistatic sensing signal from any or multiple transmitters, the receiver can send RoI information / messages (e.g., broadcast, multicast / multicast) to enable bistatic sensing operations to be performed with one or more transmitter candidates.

[0151] For example, the sender can directly select an RoI and send RoI information / messages to the receiver. In this case, the receiver can be a specific single receiver, any single receiver, a specific group of multiple receivers, or multiple unspecified receivers.

[0152] For example, the transmitter can send the geographic information of the RoI to the receiver. For instance, the transmitter can send the absolute location of the RoI and / or the transmitter's location, as well as the RoI's relative location (e.g., distance and direction or relative coordinates) to the receiver. Alternatively, for example, the transmitter can select the transmitter's current location or a predetermined radius of its movement path (e.g., a circle, ellipse, sector, rectangle, etc.) as the RoI, and can send the transmitter's current location, movement path and direction, and / or the dimensions of the detection area (e.g., radius, angle, offset, etc.) to the receiver.

[0153] Figure 12 An example of a method for selecting a RoI using information from a receiver, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0154] refer to Figure 12 For example, a transmitter can select an RoI based on information from a specific individual receiver or group of receivers (e.g., location, speed, direction, etc.). In this case, the receiver can be a stationary or mobile object, and the information can be more diverse when the receiver is a mobile UE or mobile body. For example, the information may include the mobile body's location, speed, acceleration, direction, steering angle, attitude (tilt, pitch, yaw), and / or planned path. For example, a transmitter acquiring such information can calculate a suitable RoI. For example, for this purpose, the receiver can periodically or non-periodically and / or on request (on demand) send its information to the transmitter, and / or can send information to the transmitter via existing messages (e.g., V2X messages). For example, the transmitter can estimate or predict the mobile path using the acquired receiver information, and can set a predetermined radius or area of ​​the mobile path as the RoI. Figure 12In one example, a receiver (UE) can send its information (e.g., location, direction, speed, etc.) to a transmitter (base station) via messages (e.g., BSM, PSM, CAM, VAM, etc.), and the transmitter receiving the message can obtain the receiver's expected movement path (dashed arrow 1201) using AI / ML or various algorithms. For example, the transmitter can select a valid RoI (circular area 1202) on the movement path and can send dual static sensing signals. Alternatively, the transmitter can directly select the RoI without calculating the movement path.

[0155] Figure 13 An example is given of a method by which a transmitter sends a RoI to a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0156] refer to Figure 13 For example, the transmitter can send a directly selected RoI to any single receiver or multiple unspecified receivers. For instance, the transmitter can send RoI information to a specific single receiver, and / or the transmitter can broadcast RoI information to any receiver. In this case, for example, the transmitter can send information to the RoI regardless of whether the receiver expects to receive the ISAC dual static sensing signal.

[0157] Figure 14 An example is given of a method for selecting a RoI and transmitting the RoI to a transmitter and / or receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0158] refer to Figure 14 For example, a third device (e.g., a sensing information requester) can select an RoI and then send the RoI to a specific transmitter / receiver or any transmitter / receiver. Alternatively, a combination of the methods described above may also be feasible. For example, the third sensing information requester can select an RoI and send it to a specific transmitter and any receiver, or it can send the RoI to any transmitter and receiver. Figure 14 In one example, a third device (e.g., a UE) can select a desired sensing area (circular area 1401 between base stations) as the RoI on its movement path. At this time, for example, the information requester (client) sends RoI information to a transmitter (left, transmitter) and a receiver (right, receiver), and the transmitter and receiver receiving the RoI information can perform dual static sensing.

[0159] For example, in the RoI selection and transmission methods proposed above, the entities requesting the sensing information can be different. For instance, although the entity requesting or using the sensing information is the transmitter, the RoI can be selected by the receiver and transmitted to the transmitter. Alternatively, for example, the entity requesting or using the sensing information can be a third device / UE, and the transmitter can directly select the RoI. For instance, in addition to the combinations listed above, RoI selection methods based on various combinations of transmitter, receiver, and / or third device can be feasible.

[0160] Figure 15 An example is given of a method for selecting and transmitting a RoI according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 15 The implementation method can be combined with various other implementation methods.

[0161] refer to Figure 15 For example, in step S1510, the transmitter can obtain information from the receiver for selecting an RoI. For example, in step S1520, the transmitter can select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1530, the transmitter can send RoI-related information to the receiver. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, various combinations of transmitter, receiver, and / or third device can be used for RoI selection and / or transmission methods, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0162] Figure 16 An example of a method for a receiver to select and send a RoI according to an embodiment of this disclosure is provided. Figure 16 The implementation method can be combined with various other implementation methods.

[0163] refer to Figure 16 For example, in step S1610, the receiver can obtain information from the transmitter for selecting an RoI. For example, in step S1620, the receiver can select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1630, the receiver can send RoI-related information to the transmitter. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, various combinations of transmitters, receivers, and / or third devices can be used for RoI selection and / or transmission methods, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0164] Figure 17 An example is given of a method for selecting and sending a RoI using a third apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 The implementation method can be combined with various other implementation methods.

[0165] refer to Figure 17For example, in step S1710, the third device can obtain information for selecting an RoI from the transmitter and / or receiver. For example, in step S1720, the third device can select an RoI based on the obtained information. For example, in step S1730, the third device can send RoI-related information to the transmitter and / or receiver. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, various combinations of transmitters, receivers, and / or third devices can be used for RoI selection and / or transmission methods, and are not limited to the combinations described above.

[0166] For example, in order for at least one of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device to select and share the RoI, in addition to communication / information exchange between the devices, it may be necessary to exchange pre-signal information for detection / estimation / sensing operations. For example, the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device may exchange information (e.g., ID, reference signal, time synchronization signal, antenna characteristics (antenna pattern), etc.) between the transmitter and receiver.

[0167] Figure 18 An example of an information exchange method between a transmitter, a receiver, and / or a third device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 18 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0168] refer to Figure 18 For example, in step S1810, pre-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, in step S1820, pre-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the transmitter and the third device. For example, in step S1830, pre-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the receiver and the third device. For example, in step S1810, post-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, in step S1820, post-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the transmitter and the third device. For example, in step S1830, post-signal information for sensing can be exchanged between the receiver and the third device. For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, pre- and / or post-signal information exchange based on various combinations of the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device can be feasible, and is not limited to the combinations described above. Furthermore, for example, pre- and / or post-signal information exchange is not limited to the names described above.

[0169] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, a dual static sensing operation (beamforming) for the transmitter and receiver is proposed when exchanging RoI and / or signal information between the transmitter and receiver using the methods listed above. For ease of understanding, the operations of the transmitter and receiver are described separately, and this indicates a distinction between operations rather than a distinction between devices. For example, both transmitter operation and receiver operation can be feasible in the same device. For example, it is feasible for device A to perform transmitter operation and device B to perform receiver operation (first dual static sensing), and simultaneously for device B to perform transmitter operation and device A to perform receiver operation (second dual static sensing), and / or for device A to perform transmitter operation and device B to perform receiver operation (first dual static sensing), and simultaneously for device A to perform receiver operation and device C to perform transmitter operation (third dual static sensing). For example, in addition to the combinations listed above, operations based on various combinations of device A, device B, and / or device C can be feasible, and are not limited to the number and / or combinations of the devices described above. Furthermore, for example, the operations are not limited to the names described above.

[0170] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, optimal signal strength (transmitted signal power) and direction for transmission from the transmitter to the RoI in order to perform bistatic sensing are proposed.

[0171] Figure 19 An example is given of transmitting a sensing signal with an excessively high transmission signal strength according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0172] refer to Figure 19 When the transmitter sends a sensing signal at maximum signal strength, the receiver may unnecessarily receive signals reflected or diffracted by objects located outside the RoI (e.g., Figure 19 Objects outside the RoI (1900) may increase interference between different signals. In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, to solve this problem, it is proposed to transmit the sensing signal with optimal signal strength / power in the following manner.

[0173] Figure 20 An example is given of transmitting a sensing signal with insufficient transmission signal strength according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0174] refer to Figure 20 When the transmitter transmits a sensing signal with a signal strength lower than the minimum required signal strength, the receiver may fail to receive the signal reflected or diffracted from an object located in the RoI region, or even if it is received, its reliability may be reduced. In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, to address this problem, it is proposed to transmit the sensing signal with optimal signal strength / power in the following manner.

[0175] In this disclosure, the term signal strength may refer to power, power may refer to signal strength, and / or signal power may refer to signal strength. For example, sensed signal strength may refer to sensed signal power. For example, transmitted signal strength may refer to transmitted power. For example, received signal strength may refer to received power. Furthermore, this disclosure is not limited to the terms described above.

[0176] For example, the optimal sensing signal strength can be expressed as the minimum required signal strength (P) of the transmitter. t,min The minimum required signal strength is derived by modifying Equation 6 as shown in Equation 7, and the transmitter can set the transmitted signal strength to a value greater than or equal to this value. For example, the optimal signal strength of the transmitter can be determined by adding an offset value and / or a calibration factor to the minimum required signal strength. For example, the offset value and calibration factor can be changed and applied according to the characteristics of the device and / or environment.

[0177] [Formula 7]

[0178] Here, P r,min It can represent the minimum required received power (W), P t,min It can represent the minimum required transmission power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G r σ can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R... Tx It can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx It can represent the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0179] Figure 21 The maximum and minimum distances between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI according to embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated. Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0180] refer to Figure 21 For example, the minimum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI. Tx,min ( ) can refer to the shortest spatial distance that a sensing signal travels from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the minimum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI. Tx,min The distance at which the signal strength / power attenuation is minimal when the sensed signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI can be considered as the maximum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI. Tx,max () can refer to the longest spatial distance that a sensing signal travels from the transmitter to the RoI. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the transmitter and the RoI. Tx,maxThe distance at which the signal strength / power attenuates most when the sensed signal is transmitted from the transmitter to the RoI can be considered as the minimum distance between the receiver and the RoI. Rx,min () can refer to the shortest spatial distance that a sensing signal travels from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the minimum distance between the receiver and the RoI (R Rx,min () can refer to the distance at which the signal strength / power attenuation is minimal when the sensed signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI. Rx,max () can refer to the longest spatial distance that a sensing signal travels from the RoI to the receiver. For example, the maximum distance (R) between the receiver and the RoI. Rx,max The term "signal" can refer to the distance at which the signal strength / power attenuates most when the sensed signal is transmitted from the RoI to the receiver. For example, this disclosure is not limited to the terms mentioned above.

[0181] For example, P r,min This can represent the minimum required signal strength of the receiver for object detection operations, and can refer to the minimum detectable signal. For example, based on the minimum power level that can be received at the receiver (Minimum Detectable Signal, MDS), the minimum required signal strength of the receiver can be affected by the input noise level, signal-to-noise ratio, thermal noise (noise floor), and / or measurement bandwidth (MBW). Figure 21 In the example, the distance between the transmitter and the object within the RoI (R Tx ) and the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx The range of ) can be R Tx,min ≤ R Tx ≤ R Tx,max R Rx,min ≤ R Rx ≤ R Rx,max For example, when given the minimum required signal strength (P) of the receiver... r,min ) and the distance between the transmitter and the object within the RoI (R Tx ) and the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx When the range is within the range of ), the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device can derive the minimum required signal strength (P) of the transmitter. t,min For example, as shown in Equation 8, the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter can be obtained based on the maximum distance between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI, and the optimal transmitted signal strength can be determined by adding a calibration factor. For example, the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device can obtain the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter based on the maximum distance between the receiver and the RoI, and the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength can be determined by adding a calibration factor. For example, the minimum required signal strength of the transmitter can be obtained based on the distance between the transmitter and the object (R...). TxThe range of the receiver and the distance between the receiver and the object (R) Rx The minimum required signal strength, optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or maximum permissible transmitted signal strength are determined by various combinations of the range and / or calibration factors, and are not limited to the combinations described above. Furthermore, for example, the minimum required signal strength, optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or maximum permissible transmitted signal strength are not limited to the names described above.

[0182] [Formula 8]

[0183] Here, P r,min It can represent the minimum required received power (W), P t It can represent the optimal transmission power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G r σ can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R... Tx,max R can represent the maximum distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and Rx,max It can represent the maximum distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0184] For example, information for determining the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength can be obtained through the aforementioned pre-signal information exchange. For example, the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength can be exchanged between the transmitter, receiver, and / or third device through the aforementioned pre-signal information exchange. For example, the transmitter can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength. For example, the receiver can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength. For example, the third device can determine the minimum required signal strength, the optimal transmitted signal strength, and / or the maximum permissible transmitted signal strength. For example, combinations other than those listed above can be included, including various combinations of transmitter, receiver, and / or third device, and are not limited to the aforementioned combinations. Furthermore, for example, this disclosure is not limited to the aforementioned names.

[0185] Furthermore, this disclosure proposes, according to various embodiments, to modify the antenna array configuration in a beamforming array antenna or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to transmit an optimal signal to the RoI. That is, for example, due to the distance (R0) between the transmitter and the object within the RoI... Tx ) and the distance between the receiver and the object (R Rx Within the range of R, the transmitter can construct and / or configure the antenna array to achieve the optimal signal distance (R = R).Tx + R Rx The optimal signal range (R) can be determined by the antenna array structure and / or settings. For example, in a MIMO system, the optimal signal range (R) can be determined by the number of antenna array elements (N) of the transmitter and receiver. t N r ), the distance between antenna array elements (d) t d r ), the distance between antenna arrays (L) t L r The signal distance (R) and / or signal wavelength (λ) are determined. That is, in this disclosure, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to transmit a dual static sensing signal optimal for RoI by changing the antenna configuration. For example, by several assumptions, the optimal signal distance R can be expressed as shown in Equation 9 below, and can be determined by changing the number of antenna array elements (Nt, Nr) of the transmitter and receiver, the distance between the antenna arrays (L... t L r At least one of the following settings (N, N, and λ) is used to send the optimal signal to the transmitter, receiver, and RoI. For example, when the number of antenna array elements (N, N, and λ) is... t N r When the array spacing (L) is determined, the optimal signal distance can vary with the array spacing (L). t L r As the array spacing increases, or for a given array spacing (L) it increases. t L r The optimal signal distance can vary with the number of arrays (N). t N r The value increases with increasing distance (R), but it may not be optimal for the RoI. That is, according to various embodiments, this disclosure proposes changing at least one of the setting elements of the antenna array (e.g., array number, wavelength, or array spacing) in order to transmit a signal optimized for the distance (R) corresponding to the RoI.

[0186] [Formula 9]

[0187] Here, N t N can represent the number of transmitting antenna array elements. r L can represent the number of receiving antenna array elements. t L can represent the spacing between transmitting antenna arrays. r λ can represent the spacing between the receiving antenna arrays, λ can represent the wavelength, and R can represent the optimal signal distance.

[0188] Figure 22A representative beamforming direction for sensing in an ISAC technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0189] refer to Figure 22 For example, the optimal direction for transmitting a signal by the transmitter could be the RoI direction (LoS between the transmitter and the RoI). For instance, among these directions, it could refer to the direction in which the receiver can receive the signal / beam reflected / diffracted by the object to the greatest extent possible, taking into account the receiver's position. Figure 22 In the example, the case where the transmitter performs beamforming in the RoI (Circular Area) direction and the receiver receives the signal reflected by the object is representative. Furthermore, for example, when setting the transmission signal (e.g., antenna pattern) of a transmitter used for dual static sensing, an optimal transmission signal strength of the transmitter and / or the signal in the RoI direction as proposed in this disclosure can be set. For example, in the above case, the RoI direction beamforming operation of the transmitter can be one of the methods described below.

[0190] Figure 23 An example of a method for transmitting a sensing signal in a wide beam pattern in the RoI direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0191] refer to Figure 23 For example, the transmitter can set the antenna pattern such that the optimal transmitted signal strength is considered (e.g., P in Equation 8). t The main lobe then becomes smaller and wider. This can be achieved, for example, through phase shifting and / or gain adjustment in an array antenna. Figure 23 In the example, the transmitter may transmit sensing signals with low antenna gain, wide beam pattern (wide beam and / or multi-beam) and / or in the RoI direction.

[0192] Figure 24 An example of a method for transmitting sensing signals together in the RoI direction and performing beam scanning operation with a narrow beam pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 24 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0193] refer to Figure 24 For example, a transmitter can transmit signals by performing beam scanning along the RoI direction. Beamforming and beam control operations can be implemented, for example, through phase shifting and / or gain adjustment in the array antenna. Figure 24 In one example, the transmitter can send sensing signals while performing beam scanning, so that the RoI is covered by a high antenna gain and / or a narrow beam pattern.

[0194] For example, the direction of signal transmission can be set by a combination of the above operations. For example, when the size of the RoI is covered in the form of a wide beam pattern (wide beam and / or multi-beam) with optimal signal strength, the transmitter can transmit signals in that wide beam pattern without performing beam scanning. Otherwise, for example, when the strength of each transmitted signal beam in the multi-beam pattern does not meet the minimum required strength, causing the overall sensing performance to degrade or become insufficient, the transmitter can transmit signals while performing beam scanning with optimal signal strength. That is, in this disclosure, according to various embodiments, efficient sensing operations are proposed by using the optimal signal strength of the transmitter and the direction setting and operation for covering the RoI.

[0195] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, signal information exchange between a transmitter and a receiver is proposed.

[0196] For example, in Figure 18 In one example, during the operation of the transmitter described above, the transmitter can send its own antenna characteristics, radiation pattern, RoI information, transmitter location, and / or reference signal (Reference Signal Time Difference Measurement (RSTD)) to the receiver. This can be used to configure the receiver's antenna radiation pattern so that the receiver can effectively receive signals reflected from objects detected in the RoI. For example, when the transmitter performs beam scanning, it can send information such as changes in beamforming over time (e.g., beam scheduling or beam indexing) to the receiver, enabling the receiver to efficiently receive signals reflected / refracted from objects present in the RoI.

[0197] For example, in the transmitter operation described above, when the transmitter has the location information and / or antenna characteristic information of the receiver, the transmitter can calculate the antenna pattern of the receiver so that the receiver can receive the signal transmitted by the transmitter and reflected / refracted by an object present in the RoI, and can transmit the antenna pattern to the receiver.

[0198] For example, when performing dual static sensing in ISAC technology, signals received by the receiver other than those reflected / refracted from an object in the RoI (Route of Interest) as a basic operation (e.g., non-line-of-sight (NLoS)) and / or multiple reflections can be considered signal noise and / or interference at the receiver. For example, distinguishing the attenuated main signal reflected / refracted by the object from noise and interference signals can be more difficult. In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, the operation of the receiver to distinguish the main signal from noise or interference signals is described below.

[0199] In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, it is proposed to set the antenna gain by adjusting the antenna pattern so that the receiver can distinguish between the main signal and noise by receiving information of the transmitted signal and based on the magnitude of the received signal power of the received signal.

[0200] For example, in Figure 21 In one example, when the distance range between the reference transmitter, receiver, and RoI is modified according to Equation 6, the range of received signal power can be derived as in Equation 10, and can be set as a threshold for distinguishing the main signal from noise. For example, the distance between the transmitter, receiver, and RoI can be set to a minimum value (R0). Rx,min R Tx,min Furthermore, the received power can be determined by adding offset values ​​and / or calibration factors based on the characteristics of the device and / or environment.

[0201] [Formula 10]

[0202] Here, P r It can represent the received power (W), P t It can represent the transmission power (W), G t It can represent the transmit antenna gain, G r σ can represent the receiving antenna gain, σ can represent the radar cross section, λ can represent the wavelength, and R... Tx It can represent the distance between the transmitting radar and the object, and R Rx It can represent the distance between the receiving radar and the object.

[0203] For example, a receiver can distinguish between a primary signal (the signal reflected by an object) and noise by setting the direction used to receive the signal. For example, a signal received in the LoS (LoS) between the RoI and the receiver can be considered a primary signal. For example, a signal entering from another direction (NLoS) can be considered noise. Figure 19 In one example, the solid line (1901) can be considered as the main signal, and the dashed line (1902) can be considered as noise. In this disclosure, according to various embodiments, the receiver is proposed to minimize the reception of noise and focus on the reception of the main signal.

[0204] For example, in Figure 23 In one example, the receiver can set its main lobe to the RoI direction, low antenna gain, and / or wide beam pattern (wide beam or multi-beam) to focus on the signal reflected by objects present in the RoI (main signal) and minimize the reception of noise transmitted directly from the transmitter.

[0205] For example, in Figure 24In one example, the receiver can receive sensing signals while performing beam scanning, such that the RoI is covered by the RoI direction, high antenna gain, and / or narrow beam pattern. While the transmitter is transmitting sensing signals by performing beam scanning, the receiver can set its antenna pattern based on the transmitter's beam index information.

[0206] For example, the receiver can estimate the presence and / or time of flight (ToF) of an object based on the received sensing signals, and can measure the object's distance / location.

[0207] For example, in Figure 18 In one example, during the receiver operation described above, the receiver can send its own (the receiver's) antenna characteristics, radiation pattern, RoI information, and / or the receiver's location to the transmitter. This can be used to configure the transmitter's antenna radiation pattern so that the transmitter can effectively transmit signals reflected from objects detected in the RoI. Alternatively, for example, when the receiver has the transmitter's location information and antenna characteristic information, the receiver can calculate the transmitter's antenna radiation pattern so that the transmitter can effectively transmit signals reflected / refracted from objects present in the RoI, and can send this antenna radiation pattern to the transmitter.

[0208] In the above-described receiver operation, according to various embodiments, this disclosure proposes a reporting and / or feedback operation performed by the receiver to the transmitter and / or a third device as an operation (post-processing) after the receiver receives a signal.

[0209] Figure 25 An example of a reporting and / or feedback operation method in which a receiver performs reporting and / or feedback operations to a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 25 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0210] refer to Figure 25 For example, in step S2510, the receiver can receive the sensing signal transmitted by the transmitter based on the presence of the target object within the RoI. For example, at this time, the receiver can receive the sensing signal reflected / refracted / diffracted by the target object. For example, in step S2520, the receiver can process the received sensing signal. For example, at this time, the receiver can detect the target object through the received sensing signal. For example, in step S2530, the receiver can send a report and / or feedback to the transmitter. For example, at this time, the report and / or feedback can include at least one of signal confirmation, information related to signal strength, raw data, signal adjustment request, retransmission request, signal information obtained by processing the received signal, and / or target object information. For example, the report and / or feedback are not limited to the above combinations, nor are they limited to the above names.

[0211] For example, when the receiver receives a signal, it can send a signal acknowledgment (response) to the transmitter as a response to the bistatic sensing operation.

[0212] For example, the receiver can report and / or provide feedback to the transmitter regarding the intensity of the signal received by the receiver (reflected / diffracted by the object). For example, at least one of the following may be included as a reporting and / or feedback operation: For example, the receiver may transmit raw data regarding the signal received by the receiver to the transmitter and / or a third device. For example, when the signal received by the receiver is absent or weak, the receiver may send a message to the transmitter indicating the necessity and / or requesting a change in the transmitted signal. For example, the receiver may request an adjustment of the transmitted signal to reconfirm whether the signal was not detected due to directional errors or insufficient intensity of the signal transmitted by the transmitter and / or weak signal reflection, refraction, and / or attenuation from the object, or whether the object is actually absent in the RoI.

[0213] For example, when the signal strength received by the receiver is insufficient and more transmission power is needed, the receiver can send a message / feedback / report to the transmitter requesting the transmitter to transmit the signal at higher power because the transmitted signal is weak. For example, the receiver can send a message / feedback / report to the transmitter requesting the transmitter to modify the transmitter's signal direction and transmit the signal because the receiver has not received a signal. For example, the receiver can send a message / feedback / report to the transmitter requesting a retransmission to confirm the integrity of the signal received by the receiver.

[0214] For example, when the strength of the signal received by the receiver is greater than the required strength, allowing sensing operations to be performed with less transmission power, the receiver can send a signal to the transmitter indicating the necessity and / or requesting a change in the transmission signal. For instance, the receiver can request the transmitter to adjust the signal to avoid receiving signals reflected / diffracted by objects located outside the RoI and / or to minimize interference with other signals.

[0215] For example, when the transmitter and / or a third device is the requester of sensing information, the receiver can report and / or provide feedback on the received signal information or processed information. For example, the receiver can send to the transmitter and / or the third device signal information obtained by processing the received signals (e.g., angle of arrival (AoA), time of flight (ToF), time of arrival (ToA), etc.) or processed object information (e.g., distance to the object, object position, shape, etc.).

[0216] Furthermore, this disclosure proposes, according to various embodiments, the operation of the transmitter and receiver when a sensing signal is transmitted from a single transmitter to any receiver and / or multiple receivers.

[0217] In this disclosure, various embodiments are proposed for the operation of a transmitter when a signal transmitted from a single transmitter is received by any receiver and / or multiple receivers.

[0218] For example, in Figure 13 In one example, the transmitter can send a sensing signal to the RoI and transmit that signal, enabling any receiver and / or multiple receivers to receive it. For example, the transmitter can broadcast RoI information and can send the sensing signal in the direction of the RoI. For example, here, the transmitter can be the requester (client) of the sensing information for the RoI. For example, any receiver can be the requester (client) of the sensing information. For example, in this case, the transmitter can perform the above signal transmission operation using a beamforming scheme (e.g., wide beam, beam scanning). For example, this can reduce the transmitter's throughput and / or latency by omitting the operation of one-to-one connections (e.g., beam pairing) between the transmitter and multiple receivers. For example, any receiver and / or multiple receivers can selectively receive only the information needed on the side of a single receiver (i.e., the desired RoI).

[0219] In this disclosure, various embodiments are proposed for the operation of a receiver when a signal transmitted from a single transmitter is received by any receiver and / or multiple receivers.

[0220] For example, a receiver can receive RoI information transmitted by a transmitter and determine whether the RoI is valid information for the receiver. For example, the receiver can determine whether the RoI is valid information for the receiver based on the distance and / or direction from the receiver's location to the RoI. For example, the receiver can determine whether the RoI is valid information for the receiver based on the receiver's movement path, planned path, and / or path estimation.

[0221] For example, when the transmitter is the one requesting sensing information (e.g., when instructing the receiver together with the RoI and a signal response request), the receiver can determine whether it can properly receive the signal from the RoI and provide that signal to the transmitter.

[0222] For example, when the receiver determines that the RoI information transmitted by the transmitter is beneficial to the receiver and / or when the transmitter requests the provision of received signal information, the receiver may perform the receiver operations proposed in this disclosure (e.g., signal information exchange, feedback, array antenna setting, etc.).

[0223] Figure 26 An example is given of a method for performing wireless communication by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 26 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0224] refer to Figure 26In step S2610, the first device can obtain information related to the sensing area. In step S2620, the first device can determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. In step S2630, the first device can transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0225] For example, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal can be the minimum required transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

[0226] For example, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal can be the maximum allowable transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal.

[0227] For example, the sensing signal can be sent to a second device based on the target object.

[0228] For example, the transmission power can be determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area and the maximum distance between the second device and the sensing area.

[0229] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive a sensing signal reflected by the target object.

[0230] For example, the sensing area can be determined by the first device or the second device based on at least one of the following: information related to the location of the first device, information related to the movement path of the first device, information related to the location of the second device, or information related to the movement path of the second device.

[0231] Additionally, for example, the first device may send sensing-related information to the second device. For instance, the sensing-related information may include at least one of the following: information related to the sensing area, information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time synchronization signal, information related to antenna characteristics, information related to beamforming, or information related to the location of the first device.

[0232] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive sensing-related information. For example, the sensing-related information may include at least one of the following: information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time synchronization signal, information related to antenna characteristics, or information related to the location of the second device.

[0233] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive feedback information related to the sensing signal. For example, the feedback information may include at least one of the following: information related to the receiving power of the second device, information related to the raw data of the signal received by the second device, information related to a request to change the transmission power, information related to a request to change the transmission direction of the sensing signal, information related to a request to retransmit the sensing signal, signal information obtained by processing the signal received by the second device, or information related to the target object.

[0234] Additionally, for example, the first device may change the array antenna configuration of the first device based on information related to the sensing area. For example, the array antenna configuration may include at least one of the number of arrays, wavelength, or array spacing.

[0235] For example, the beamforming configuration for transmitting sensing signals can be determined based on information related to the sensing area.

[0236] For example, the method can be performed by the first device.

[0237] The proposed method can be applied to apparatuses according to various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can obtain information related to the sensing area. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first apparatus and the sensing area. And, the processor 102 of the first apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0238] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the first device to perform the following operations: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0239] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the first device to perform the following operations: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0240] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a first device to perform the following operations: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0241] Figure 27 An example is given of a method for performing wireless communication using a second apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 27 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0242] refer to Figure 27 In step S2710, the second device can obtain information related to the sensing area. In step S2720, the second device can determine the transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. In step S2730, the second device can receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power, targeting a specific object. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0243] The proposed method can be applied to apparatuses according to various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can obtain information related to the sensing area. Then, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first apparatus and the sensing area. Then, the processor 202 of the second apparatus 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power, targeting a specific object. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0244] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication can be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, when executed by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the second device to perform the following operations: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power, based on a target object. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0245] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device can be provided. For example, the processing apparatus may include at least one processor and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, instructions executed by the at least one processor may cause the second device to perform the following operations: obtain information related to a sensing area; determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power, based on a target object. For example, a target object within the sensing area may be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0246] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a second device to perform the following operations: determine a transmission power for transmitting a sensing signal based on a maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area; and receive the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power based on a target object. For example, a target object within the sensing area can be detected based on the sensing signal.

[0247] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0248] The following will describe apparatuses to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0249] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described herein can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0250] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0251] Figure 28 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 28 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0252] Reference Figure 28 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air mobility (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and can be implemented in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0253] In addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may also include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to low / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0254] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0255] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). The wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0256] Figure 29 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 29 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0257] Reference Figure 29 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 28 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0258] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures disclosed herein. Here, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with one or more radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0259] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed herein. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and subsequently transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information relating to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including commands for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document. Here, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with one or more RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0260] The hardware components of wireless devices 100 and 200 will now be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented, but are not limited to, by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document.

[0261] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational procedures disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operating procedures disclosed in this document can be implemented in software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or sets of commands.

[0262] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0263] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operation of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0264] Figure 30 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 30 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0265] Reference Figure 30 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 30 The operation / functions, but not limited to Figure 29The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 29 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 30 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 29 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 29 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 29 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0266] Can be via Figure 30 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0267] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N. The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the two matrices. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0268] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0269] Able to be with Figure 30 The signal processing procedures (1010~1060) are configured in reverse order for the signal processing procedures used to receive signals in a wireless device. For example, a wireless device (e.g., Figure 29 The receiver (e.g., 100, 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals using a signal recovery unit. For this purpose, the signal recovery unit may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signals can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) used for receiving signals may include a signal recovery unit, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0270] Figure 31 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 28 ). Figure 31 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0271] Reference Figure 31 The wireless devices (100, 200) can correspond to Figure 29 The wireless devices (100, 200) can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and (one or more) transceivers 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 29 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, transceiver 114 may include one or more transceivers. Figure 29The device comprises one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0272] The add-on component 140 can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the add-on component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 28 100a), vehicles ( Figure 28 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 28 100c), handheld device ( Figure 28 100d), home appliances ( Figure 28 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 28 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 28 400), BS ( Figure 28 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0273] exist Figure 31In the wireless devices (100, 200), all various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least partially connected wirelessly via communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be connected via a wired connection, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be constructed using a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be constructed using random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0274] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 31 Examples.

[0275] Figure 32 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smartpad, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 32 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0276] Reference Figure 32 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to... Figure 31 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0277] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0278] For example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic feedback) through I / O unit 140.

[0279] Figure 33 Vehicles or autonomous vehicles based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Vehicles or autonomous vehicles can be implemented using mobile robots, automobiles, trains, manned / unmanned aerial vehicles (AVs), ships, etc. Figure 33 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0280] Reference Figure 33 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 31 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0281] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include engine, motor, transmission system, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomously driving along a defined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0282] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0283] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method, the method comprising: Obtain information related to the sensing area; The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. as well as The sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, in, The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is the minimum required transmission power for transmitting the sensing signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, in, The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is the maximum permissible transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, in, The sensing signal is sent to the second device based on the target object.

5. The method according to claim 4, in, The transmission power is determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area and the maximum distance between the second device and the sensing area.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive the sensing signal reflected by the target object.

7. The method according to claim 1, in, The sensing area is determined by the first device or the second device based on at least one of the following: information related to the location of the first device, information related to the movement path of the first device, information related to the location of the second device, or information related to the movement path of the second device.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Send sensing-related information to the second device. The information related to the sensing includes at least one of the following: information related to the sensing area, information related to the identifier (ID), information related to the reference signal, information related to the time synchronization signal, information related to the antenna characteristics, information related to beamforming, or information related to the position of the first device.

9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive information related to sensing. The information related to the sensing includes at least one of the following: information related to an identifier (ID), information related to a reference signal, information related to a time synchronization signal, information related to antenna characteristics, or information related to the location of the second device.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive feedback information related to the sensed signal. The feedback information includes at least one of the following: information related to the receiving power of the second device, information related to the raw data of the signal received by the second device, information related to a request to change the transmitting power, information related to a request to change the transmitting direction of the sensing signal, information related to a request to retransmit the sensing signal, signal information obtained by processing the signal received by the second device, or information related to the target object.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The array antenna configuration of the first device is changed based on the information associated with the sensing area. The array antenna configuration includes at least one of the following: the number of arrays, the wavelength, or the array spacing.

12. The method according to claim 1, in, A beamforming configuration for transmitting the sensing signal is determined based on the information associated with the sensing area.

13. The method according to claim 1, in, The method is performed by the first device.

14. A first apparatus, the first apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Obtain information related to the sensing area; Based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined; and The sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

15. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Obtain information related to the sensing area; Based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined; and The sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, said instructions, when executed, cause a first means to perform an operation, said operation comprising: Obtain information related to the sensing area; The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. as well as The sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

17. A method, the method comprising: Obtain information related to the sensing area; The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. as well as Based on the target object, the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power is received. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

18. A second device, the second device comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Obtain information related to the sensing area; Based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined; and Based on the target object, the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power is received. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

19. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Obtain information related to the sensing area; Based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area, the transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined; and Based on the target object, the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power is received. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed, cause a second means to perform an operation, the operation comprising: Obtain information related to the sensing area; The transmission power used to transmit the sensing signal is determined based on the maximum distance between the first device and the sensing area. as well as Based on the target object, the sensing signal transmitted based on the transmission power is received. Specifically, the target object within the sensing area is detected based on the sensing signal.

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