Analog coding and transmission for semantic communication

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A first device may encode an input signal according to an analog coding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog coding scheme including a mapping operation and a shaping operation, and the set of parameters including at least a mapping parameter associated with the mapping operation and a shaping parameter associated with the shaping operation. The first device may transmit a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with the analog coding scheme to the second device, and the first device may transmit a message including an encoded analog signal to the second device via one or more channels based on transmitting the control message indicating the set of parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following discussion pertains to wireless communication, including analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication of communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses for supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication. For example, the described technology allows a transmitting device to perform encoding of an analog signal based on an analog decoding scheme. In some examples, the analog decoding scheme may include a mapping function and a shaping function, the mapping function being based on a mapping parameter (e.g., Δ) and the shaping function being based on a shaping parameter (e.g., α). The mapping function can be used to map an input signal having a first dimension to an output signal having a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some examples, the mapping function may involve mapping the input signal based on an Archimedean spiral. The shaping function can be used to shape the input signal to control the strength, variance, or both of the transmitted signal. In some examples, the transmitting device can send a message to a receiving device indicating the mapping parameter and the shaping parameter, and the receiving device can decode the transmission including the analog signal based on the shaping parameter and the mapping parameter. Therefore, the transmitting device and the receiving device can communicate using transmissions based on analog signals.

[0004] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include: encoding an input signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog decoding scheme including a mapping operation and a shaping operation, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation; transmitting a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; and transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0005] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may operate individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: encode an input signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation; transmit a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; and based on the control message indicating the set of parameters, transmit a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels.

[0006] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include: means for encoding an input signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog decoding scheme including a mapping operation and a shaping operation, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation; means for transmitting a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; and means for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to: encode an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation; transmit a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; and based on the control message indicating the set of parameters, transmit a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels.

[0008] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of parameters further includes a dimension parameter associated with a ratio between a first dimension of the input signal associated with the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal associated with the mapping operation, and the method, device, and nontransitory computer-readable media may include further operations, features, components, or instructions for mapping the input signal having the first dimension to the output signal having the second dimension according to the mapping operation and the dimension parameter.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first set of multiple values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second set of multiple values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, based on the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension may be greater than the second dimension.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first set of multiple values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second set of multiple values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, based on the dimension parameter, wherein the second dimension may be greater than the first dimension.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the analog decoding scheme includes a set of multiple mapping operations, the set of multiple mapping operations includes the mapping operations, and two or more mapping operations in the set of multiple mapping operations can be executed in parallel.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more additional mapping operations of the set of multiple mapping operations may be performed on the output of the two or more mapping operations that may be performed in parallel, and mapping the input signal having the first dimension to the output signal having the second dimension may be based on a sequence of the set of multiple mapping operations based on the dimension parameter.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the encoded analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of one or more cascaded levels, and the effective decoding rate may be based on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of the first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a report indicating channel state information; and generating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme based on receiving the report.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: measuring one or more probe reference signals; and generating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme based on the measurement of the one or more probe reference signals.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: receiving a report indicating channel quality information, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the combination of parameters in the set can be selected from a list of combinations, each combination in the list corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the encoded analog signal.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the mapping operation, which includes a compression function, prior to the shaping operation.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: including an expansion function based on the mapping operation, and performing the shaping operation prior to the mapping operation.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: performing a scrambling operation, which includes modifying the input signal based on one or more random phase sequences, wherein the scrambling operation may be performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more random phase sequences may be based on the identifier value of the cell associated with the first device.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: multiplexing the input signal according to a code division multiplexing operation associated with a set of multiple physical resources of the first device, wherein the input signal may be multiplexed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: interleaving the input signal according to an interleaving operation, the interleaving operation including: modifying a set of indices associated with the input signal, wherein the interleaving operation may be performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: modifying the set of indexes may be based on applying a permutation matrix to the set of indexes, applying a random mapping to the set of indexes, or mapping the set of indexes to a first matrix and reading the set of indexes from the first matrix based on an interleaving rule, and the random mapping may be based on the identifier value of a cell associated with the first device.

[0025] A method for wireless communication by a first device is described. The method may include: receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; receiving from the second device a message comprising an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; and decoding the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0026] A first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may operate individually or jointly to execute the code, causing the first device to: receive from the second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; receive from the second device a message comprising an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; and decode the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0027] Another first device for wireless communication is described. The first device may include: means for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; means for receiving from the second device a message comprising an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; and means for decoding the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0028] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to: receive from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; receive from the second device a message comprising an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; and decode the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of parameters also includes a dimension parameter associated with the ratio between a first dimension of the input signal from the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal from the mapping operation, and the mapping operation can be based on the dimension parameter and can decode the analog signal based on the dimension parameter.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first set of multiple values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second set of multiple values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, based on the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension may be greater than the second dimension.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first set of multiple values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second set of multiple values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, based on the dimension parameter, wherein the second dimension may be greater than the first dimension.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of one or more cascaded levels, and the effective decoding rate may be based on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of the first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

[0033] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: generating the mapping parameter and the integer parameter based on the dimension parameter, wherein the control message may be sent based on the generation of the mapping parameter and the integer parameter.

[0034] The methods described herein, first devices, and some examples of non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending a report indicating channel state information to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters may be based on the channel state information.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending one or more probe reference signals to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters may be based on the one or more probe reference signals.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: sending a report to the second device indicating channel quality information, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, a combination of parameters from a list of combinations can be selected, each combination in the list corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the analog signal.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, decoding the analog signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, which includes the mapping operation based on the mapping operation including a compression function performed prior to the shaping operation.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, decoding the analog signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, which includes the shaping operation based on the mapping operation, including the expansion function performed prior to the mapping operation.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, decoding the analog signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: decoding the analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme that includes a scrambling operation performed before, before, between, after, or after the shaping operation, wherein decoding the analog signal may be based on the analog signal being modified by one or more random phase sequences.

[0041] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more random phase sequences may be based on the identifier value of a cell associated with the second device. In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, decoding the analog signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, which includes code division multiplexing operations associated with a set of multiple physical resources of the second device.

[0042] In some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, decoding the analog signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, which includes an interleaving operation, wherein decoding the analog signal may be based on deinterleaving the analog signal according to a set of indices associated with the input signal.

[0043] Some examples of the methods, first devices, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following actions: deinterleaving the analog signal may be based on a permutation matrix applied to the set of indices, a random mapping applied to the set of indices, or mapping the set of indices to a first matrix and reading the set of indices from the first matrix based on interleaving rules, and the random mapping may be based on the identification value of a cell associated with the first device. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 Examples of wireless communication systems supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, are shown.

[0045] Figure 2 Examples of wireless communication systems supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, are shown.

[0046] Figure 3A and Figure 3B An example of an encoded graph supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0047] Figure 4 An example of a mapping graph supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0048] Figure 5A and Figure 5B An example of an encoded graph supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0049] Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C An example of an encoded graph supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0050] Figure 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C An example of an encoded graph supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0051] Figure 8 An example of a process flow supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0052] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A block diagram of an apparatus for analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0053] Figure 11 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0054] Figure 12 A diagram is shown of a system comprising a UE supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 13 A diagram is shown illustrating a system comprising network entities supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0056] Figures 14 to 17 A flowchart illustrating a method for analog decoding and transmission supporting semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0057] In some wireless communication systems, devices can communicate using digital transmission of signals. Specifically, digital transmission may include quantizing a source signal into binary bits, which can be protected by channel decoding, and then mapping them to modulation symbols (e.g., quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols) for over-the-air transmission. However, the regular use of such digital wireless transmission can be limited by several factors, including the size of the code blocks and / or accurate information related to channel capacity (or the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmitting device), as well as the need for information about channel conditions (e.g., because digital communication may depend on the accurate transmission and reception of corresponding bits, there can be various complexities associated with ensuring the signal is delivered as efficiently and accurately as possible). For example, data may be designed for transmission based on predicted or previously measured signal quality (such as SNR). However, in some cases, if the actual signal quality differs from the predicted signal quality, the transmission may experience distortion, thus degrading transmission performance.

[0058] Additionally or alternatively, wireless communication systems can support the transmission of semantic information (e.g., as opposed to the transmission of a finite set of discrete symbols). Such wireless communication techniques may be referred to as semantic communication, task / goal-oriented communication, or a similar term. The transmission of semantic information (e.g., transmitting necessary information relevant to a specific task or operation at a receiving device, providing “meaningful” information to the receiving device) may include semantic extraction (e.g., converting information at the transmitter into semantic information or symbols), semantic encoding (e.g., organizing and summarizing input signals according to the meaning and system classification of the extracted semantic information), semantic segmentation (e.g., segmenting and aggregating data based on dependencies between information to achieve efficient representation of semantic information), and other techniques and skills. Semantic communication may also include the transmission of analog signals (e.g., continuous analog signals, as opposed to a quantized set of binary values) to deliver semantic information over a wireless channel, and may similarly be associated with improved communication efficiency, reduced overhead, and other advantages (e.g., compared to conventional digital signaling). Therefore, in some examples, analog signals designed for the same predictive signal quality metric can be used instead of digital signals, and analog signals may experience relatively less performance degradation (e.g., distortion) when the signal quality differs from the predicted signal quality. Thus, supporting analog-based transmission may be beneficial for devices. However, performing analog-based transmission may involve different signal flow operations and functions than digital signals, and defining analog decoding schemes and related technologies to support the transmission of analog signals between devices may be beneficial.

[0059] According to the examples described herein, the transmitting device can perform encoding of an analog signal based on an analog decoding scheme. In some examples, the analog decoding scheme may include a mapping function based on a mapping parameter (e.g., Δ) and a shaping function based on a shaping parameter (e.g., α). The mapping function may involve mapping an input signal having a first dimension to an output signal having a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some examples, the mapping function may involve mapping the input signal based on an Archimedean spiral. The shaping function may involve shaping the input signal to control the strength, variance, or both of the ultimately transmitted signal. In some examples, the transmitting device may generate a set of parameters based on signal quality, and the signal quality may be reported based on a probe reference signal or channel state information received from the receiving device. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitting device may send a message indicating the set of parameters (such as mapping parameters and shaping parameters) for the receiving device to support the decoding of the analog signal. Thus, the transmitting and receiving devices can use the transmission of analog signals to communicate (e.g., to deliver semantic information).

[0060] The aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. The aspects of this disclosure are additionally described in the context of coding diagrams, mapping diagrams, and process flows. The aspects of this disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication.

[0061] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0062] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0063] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices (such as, e.g., ...). Figure 1 It communicates with other UEs (115 or network entity 105) as shown.

[0064] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. As another example, a node may be network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0065] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof, or may include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0066] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolution node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0067] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105, such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0068] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0069] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0070] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to support analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0071] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0072] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, network entities 105, and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0073] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured to utilize multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0074] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0075] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0076] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0077] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0078] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0079] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0080] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0081] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0082] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a Serving Gateway (S-GW), Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW), or User Plane Function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be delivered through the user plane entity, which provides IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0083] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the lower frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0084] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed bands may be combined with component carriers operating with licensed bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0085] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0086] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0087] In wireless communication systems, devices such as UE 115 and network entity 105 can perform digital signal-based transmission. In some examples, transmission can be designed for transmission based on predicted or previously measured signal quality (such as signal-to-noise ratio). For example, for transmission in a channel... Lossy source decoding sent above, rate distortion pair ( , ) can be (in It is the dimension of the source, and This is achieved when the number of channels used is [number]. However, in order to achieve [this]... Digital transmission typically requires code blocks of infinite length (e.g., long enough) and an accurate understanding of the channel capacity or quality (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) on the transmitter side. However, in some practical situations, these assumptions may be inaccurate, and analog signals may have performance advantages. For example, analog signals can achieve similar performance with a relatively small codebook size. Additionally, analog signals may experience less performance degradation (e.g., distortion) when the actual signal quality (e.g., SNR) differs from the predicted signal quality.

[0088] Therefore, supporting analog signal-based transmissions can be beneficial for devices. For example, analog signals can enable semantic communication techniques designed to improve the receiving device's ability to interpret the meaning of received transmissions and the success of conveying that meaning to the receiving device's desired behavior. In some systems, implementing semantic communication techniques may involve pairing a joint source-channel decoding (JSCC) encoder on the transmitter side with a JSCC decoder on the receiver side, which can support the transmission of compressible data (e.g., images, videos). In some examples, the JSCC encoder can be applied to semantic features that can be generated by the semantic encoder on the transmitter side, while the JSCC decoder can be applied to the signal before the corresponding semantic decoder on the receiver side. In further examples, a super-prior model can be used to generate auxiliary information (e.g., using a super-prior encoder and a super-prior decoder) to assist the JSCC encoder in encoding semantic features.

[0089] Analog transmission can often differ from digital transmission. For example, real numbers generated by a semantic encoder, a JSCC encoder, or both can be transmitted directly, or compressed to a lower (e.g., smaller) dimension, or expanded to a higher (e.g., larger) dimension for transmission. This contrasts with digital transmission, where the source stream can be quantized to binary bits, protected using channel decoding, and mapped to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols for transmission. In some examples, the application layer (e.g., the APP layer) can output real numbers (e.g., The real number can be obtained by a JSCC encoder used on the source signal or by extracted semantic features (e.g., by a semantic encoder). The real number can be input to a physical layer (e.g., a PHY layer) that can map the real number to available channels for transmission (e.g., based on the number of resource elements). ) to obtain the output stream (e.g., ).

[0090] In some cases, there may be multiple possible scenarios for generating analog signals. These scenarios may differ depending on whether analog decoding is performed relative to other steps in the generation and transmission process, and each scenario may have different effects on the protocol stack. For example, analog decoding may be performed as a channel decoding scheme, where the information bits input to the analog decoding can be the final result of the source decoding and can conform to the Gaussian assumption. In other examples, analog decoding may be performed as JSCC encoding, where the input signal can be an intermediate stage of the source decoding (e.g., the input value can be a parameter value in the latent space of an autoencoder-based codec, or, when using a variational autoencoder (VAE), the input value can be a random sample based on a random Gaussian distribution). Additionally or alternatively, values ​​in the transform space can be used as input to the analog decoding, and the latent space of the autoencoder can be similar to the transform space of a conventional codec (e.g., wavelet, discrete cosine transform (DCT)). In further examples, the input to the analog decoding can be the original input. Therefore, it may be beneficial to define an analog decoding scheme to support communication based on analog signals between devices (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105, or both).

[0091] Therefore, the transmitting device (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105) can perform encoding of the analog signal based on an analog decoding scheme as described herein. In some examples, the analog decoding scheme may include a mapping function and a shaping function, the mapping function being based on a mapping parameter (e.g., Δ), and the shaping function being based on an shaping parameter (e.g., ...). The mapping function may involve mapping an input signal having a first dimension to an output signal having a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some examples, the mapping function may involve mapping the input signal based on an Archimedean spiral. The shaping function may involve shaping the input signal to control the strength, variance, or both of the final transmitted signal. In some cases, the transmitting device may generate a set of parameters based on signal quality, and the signal quality may be based on a probe reference signal or channel state information reported from a receiving device (e.g., UE 115 or network entity 105). Additionally or alternatively, the transmitting device may send a message indicating a set of parameters (such as mapping parameters and shaping parameters) to enable the receiving device to support the decoding of analog signals.

[0092] Therefore, UE 115, network entity 105, or both can communicate using analog signal-based transmission. Thus, the analog coding techniques described herein can be used by the device in combination with entropy coding and channel decoding, or in place of entropy coding and channel decoding, for transmission.

[0093] Figure 2An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system exemplifies communication based on analog signals between devices 205-a and 205-b, which may be as referenced herein. Figure 1 Examples of UE 115, network entity 105, or other devices described herein.

[0094] As described herein, device 205-b can support the generation of analog signal 215 based on an analog decoding scheme. For example, device 205-b can generate analog signal 215 based on a set of parameters 210. In some examples, device 205-b can send control messages (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) messages, sidelink control information (SCI) messages) to device 205-a that can indicate the set of parameters 210 (e.g., explicitly indicated or indicated based on channel quality information (CQI) used to determine the set of parameters 210), which can support device 205-a in decoding analog signal 215. For example, device 205-a can use the set of parameters 210 to invert (e.g., reverse) the operation of the analog decoding scheme. Therefore, device 205-b can send messages based on (e.g., including) analog signal 215 to device 205-a via one or more channels.

[0095] In some examples, the set of parameters 210 may include integer parameters associated with the integer function of the analog decoding scheme (e.g., ) and mapping parameters associated with the mapping function of the analog decoding scheme (e.g., A mapping function can be used to map an input signal having a first dimension (e.g., having...). The input values ​​are mapped to an output signal with a second dimension (e.g., having 1 input value). (each output value), and the mapping parameters can control the stretching of the mapping curve within the signal space. In some cases, the set of parameters 210 may additionally include dimensional parameters (e.g., The ratio), this dimension parameter can indicate the ratio between the first dimension and the second dimension. A shaping function parameterized by the shaping parameter can be used to shape the input signal (e.g., before the mapping operation) or the output signal (e.g., after the mapping operation), which allows device 205-b to control the strength or variance of the transmitted signal based on analog signal 215. In some examples, the shaping can be based on the dimension parameter (e.g., The shaping parameter, mapping parameter, or both are determined by a ratio (e.g., generated by device 205-a or device 205-b). In some examples, control messages can be sent via a combination of indicators 210 (e.g., ratios). The set of parameters 210 is indicated by a combination of parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the control message may include a CQI that can assist device 205-a in determining the set of parameters 210 (e.g., ...). Or a combination thereof). Therefore, device 205-b can output a signal (e.g., having Each value is mapped to one or more antenna ports and physical resources for transmission to device 205-a.

[0096] In some examples, device 205-b can generate shaping parameters and mapping parameters (e.g., other parameters in the set 210 of parameters) based on signal quality information (e.g., and in some cases, dimension parameters). In some cases, device 205-b can determine signal quality information based on signals transmitted by device 205-a. For example, device 205-a can transmit a signal quality indication 220, and device 205-b can generate shaping parameters and mapping parameters based on the signal quality indication 220. In some examples, transmitting the signal quality indication 220 can involve device 205-a transmitting a report (e.g., channel state information (CSI)) that may include one or more signal quality values, such as an SNR value. Additionally or alternatively, transmitting the signal quality indication 220 can involve device 205-a transmitting one or more probe reference signals, which device 205-b can monitor to obtain one or more signal quality values ​​(e.g., SNR). Therefore, device 205-a can implicitly indicate the set 210 of parameters to device 205-b.

[0097] Additionally or alternatively, device 205-b may receive indications of the set 210 of parameters from device 205-a. For example, device 205-a may send a report (e.g., a CSI report) to device 205-b indicating the set 210 of parameters (e.g., as CQI). In some examples, the report may include an explicit indication of each parameter in the set 210 of parameters. In some examples, the report may include a parameter combination 225, which may be a combination of the set 210 of parameters (e.g., ...). (Combinations). In some examples, combinations of parameter sets 210 can be selected from a set of combination lists. In some cases, each combination list can be associated with a distortion target. For example, a first list can be associated with a distortion target of 0.1, and a second list can be designed for a distortion target of 0.01 (e.g., and more lists are designed for different distortion targets, such as 0.001, 0.0001, or other targets).

[0098] In some examples, the mapping function can be based on one or more spirals 230 (e.g., Archimedean spirals) using non-AI methods (e.g., techniques not relying on AI and / or machine learning). These spirals can include a positive spiral 230-a and a negative spiral 230-b, and can support signal compression (e.g., 2:1 mapping) or input signal expansion (e.g., 1:2 mapping). In some examples, the positive spiral 230-a can be described by Equations 1 and 2: ,for (1) ,for (2) in This indicates that the positive spiral 230-a is in... Values ​​in dimensions This indicates that the positive spiral 230-a is in... Values ​​in dimensions, and These are mapping parameters. Similarly, the negative spiral can be described by equations 3 and 4: ,for (3) ,for (4) in This indicates that the negative spiral 230-b is in Values ​​in dimensions This indicates that the positive spiral 230-a is in... Values ​​in dimensions, and These are mapping parameters. In some examples, the mapping parameters can control the space between the positive spiral 230-a and the negative spiral 230-b, and the values ​​of the mapping parameters can be determined numerically (e.g., using nonlinear fitting, such as the Gauss-Newton algorithm) or analytically, and the mapping parameters can be based on signal quality values ​​(e.g., target SNR).

[0099] In some examples, point 235 may represent the value of an input signal (e.g., a two-dimensional input signal). To map the input signal, device 205-b may map point 235 to the nearest point 240 within spiral 230 (e.g., within positive spiral 230-a or negative spiral 230-b). To obtain a one-dimensional value of the two-dimensional value of the input signal, device 205-b may obtain the mapping to point 240 based on equations 1 and 2 or equations 3 and 4. The value. This process can also be used to reverse the 1:2 mapping for device 205-a.

[0100] In some examples, to map a one-dimensional input signal to a two-dimensional output (e.g., for a 1:2 mapping), device 205-b can reverse the process. For example, device 205-a can use the value of the one-dimensional input signal as... The inputs are fed into Equations 1 and 2, or Equations 3 and 4 (e.g., depending on the sign of the one-dimensional input signal). Device 205-b can obtain... and The obtained values ​​are used as the corresponding values ​​of the one-dimensional input signal to the two-dimensional output signal. This process can also be used (e.g., by device 205-a) to invert a 2:1 mapping. (See reference...) Figure 3A and Figure 3B Additional details about the mapping function are described.

[0101] In some examples, in order to encode analog signals, analog decoding schemes may include scrambling, code division multiplexing (CDM), and interleaving operations in addition to mapping and shaping functions. These operations and functions can be performed in different orders, and are referenced herein. Figures 5A to 7C A more detailed description follows. In some examples, shaping and mapping functions can be used in non-AI-based encoding methods (e.g., excluding encoding methods using AI and / or machine learning functions / models). However, in some cases, AI can be used to perform encoding, decoding, or both on analog signals. In these cases, scrambling, CDM, interleaving, or any combination thereof can be performed in conjunction with an AI-based encoder. For example, scrambling, CDM, and interleaving can be performed before or after the AI-based encoder, or these operations can be performed in any other order.

[0102] Therefore, device 205-b can encode the transmission based on the analog signal 215 used for device 205-a, and device 205-a can decode the analog signal 215 to recover the information encoded by the transmission. Device 205-a can use a set of parameters 210 to decode the analog signal 215. In some examples, to decode the analog signal 215, device 205-a can perform descrambling operations (e.g., inverse scrambling), demapping operations (e.g., inverse mapping), and other operations to obtain the input signal. Additionally or alternatively, device 205-a can, for example, use the set of parameters 210 to encode hypothetical inputs (e.g., one or more hypothetical input signals) and compare these hypothetical inputs with the received analog signal 215. Therefore, device 205-a can test possible or expected inputs and compare these inputs with the received analog signal 215 (e.g., without inverting the encoding operation).

[0103] Figure 3A An example of an encoding diagram 300-a supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Encoding diagram 300-a illustrates the device (such as, as referenced) to be used for... Figure 2 Examples of analog encoding schemes used by the described device 205. For example, as described herein, the analog encoding scheme may include a mapping function 310 and an integer function 320.

[0104] Encoding diagram 300-a illustrates an example in which input signal 305 is compressed into output signal 315. For example, input signal 305 can be two-dimensional and output signal 315 can be one-dimensional, so encoding diagram 300-a can illustrate a 2:1 compression case. However, different compression cases based on different dimensions of input signal 305 and output signal 315 can use techniques similar to those described herein.

[0105] In some examples, for the compression case, mapping function 310 can be executed, and shaping function 320 can be executed after mapping function 310 (e.g., after the mapping function). In some examples, mapping function 310 can be obtained based on equations 5 and 6 or equations 7 and 8. and The corresponding value is used to determine the value of the input signal 305 (e.g., stream). Sum (e.g., flow) Mapped to the value of output signal 315 : (5) (6) (7) (8) in These are mapping parameters, as shown in the reference. Figure 2 The mapping function 310 described herein may involve obtaining... The value that makes Minimize or satisfy the value Values ​​less than (e.g., or equal to) a threshold. Then, the integer function 320 can be used to select values ​​with... The output signal 315 is shaped to reflect the value of the signal.

[0106] In some examples, the shaping function 320 can use Equation 9 to shape the output signal 315: (9) in Indicates the sign of the spiral (e.g., positive or negative) (e.g., This ensures that, in the case where the input is mapped to a positive spiral (Equations 5 and 6), Or, in the case where the input is mapped to a negative spiral (Equations 7 and 8), ),and As per reference Figure 2 The shaping parameters described. For example, if Equations 5 and 6 are used to map the input signal 305, then... To map the output signal 315, and if Equations 7 and 8 are used to map the input signal 305, then... To map the output signal 315. In some examples, power normalization 325 can be performed on the output of the shaping function, and the resulting signal can be mapped to physical resources (e.g., antenna ports) for the device to transmit.

[0107] Figure 3B An example of an encoding diagram 300-b supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Encoding diagram 300-b illustrates the method to be used by a device (such as, as referenced) Figure 2 Examples of analog encoding schemes used by the described device 205. For example, as described herein, the analog encoding scheme may include a mapping function 310 and an integer function 320.

[0108] Encoding diagram 300-b illustrates an example in which input signal 330 is expanded into output signal 335. For example, input signal 330 may be one-dimensional and output signal 335 may be two-dimensional, and encoding diagram 300-b may illustrate a 1:2 expansion case. However, different expansion cases based on different dimensions of input signal 330 and output signal 335 can use techniques similar to those described herein.

[0109] In some examples, for extended cases, the shaping function 320 can be executed first, followed by the mapping function 310. In some cases, the shaping function 320 can be executed on the input signal 330 according to Equation 10: (10) in express The sign (e.g., positive or negative), and As per reference Figure 2 The described shaping parameters.

[0110] Following the shaping function, mapping function 310 can be executed to map the output of the shaping function to a signal with a higher dimension. For example, mapping function 310 can be executed according to equations 11 and 12: (11) (12) in These are mapping parameters, as shown in the reference. Figure 2 As described, It is the shaped input signal 305 output by the shaping function 320, and exist In the case of a positive value (e.g., for a positive spiral), it is... And in the case where x is negative (e.g., for the negative spiral case) it is Therefore, each value of the input signal 330 (e.g., ) mapped to two values ​​in the output signal 335 (e.g., and In some examples, power normalization 325 can be performed on the output signal 335, and the resulting signal can be mapped to physical resources (e.g., antenna ports) for the device to transmit.

[0111] Figure 4 An example of a mapping diagram 400 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Mapping diagram 400 illustrates an example of a mapping function 410 that may rely on multiple basic mapping functions 415.

[0112] In some examples, to reduce the amount of information stored in the device or the number of mapping, demapping, shaping, and deshaping functions, one or more basic mapping functions 415 can be defined. For example, a basic mapping function 415-a can be defined that maps a two-dimensional input signal to a one-dimensional output signal (e.g., with an effective decoding rate of 2:1). Similarly, a basic mapping function 415-b can be defined that maps a three-dimensional input signal to a one-dimensional output signal (e.g., with an effective decoding rate of 3:1). The device can be configured to use two or more basic mapping functions 415 sequentially (e.g., serially, cascaded), in parallel, or in combination of both to achieve different effective decoding rates.

[0113] Table 1 below illustrates the basic mapping functions. (with an effective decoding rate of 2:1) (With an effective decoding rate of 3:1) (with an effective decoding rate of 3:2) and (With an effective decoding rate of 1:1) Examples of combining in one or two levels to achieve different effective decoding rates. Basic mapping functions 415 in the same level are executed in parallel, while relatively lower levels are executed before subsequent levels. Basic mapping functions 415, represented by superscript symbols (e.g., ) represents the inverse basic mapping function 415 (e.g., in the extended case, the reverse is performed), as referenced in this article. Figure 2 , Figure 3A and Figure 3B As described. Therefore, the inverse fundamental mapping function 415 supports the expansion operation of extending the input signal 405 into an output signal 420 with a larger dimension. The list of mapping functions shown in Table 1 is not exhaustive, but rather illustrates a set of possible uses of the fundamental mapping function 415 to form various different effective decoding rates using sequences of one or more levels of the fundamental mapping function 415. Table 1

[0114] For example, Figure 4 The illustrated mapping function 410-a maps the five-dimensional input signal 405-a to a two-dimensional output signal 420-a, which corresponds to an effective decoding rate of 5:2 (e.g., mapping function number 4 in Table 1). In this example, the two values ​​(e.g., streams) of the input signal 405-a are input to the basic mapping function 415-a (e.g., ...). In the input signal 405-a, the three values ​​(e.g., the flow) are input to the basic mapping function 415-b (e.g., ...). In the process, the basic mapping functions 415-a and 415-b each output a value (e.g., a stream), thereby producing a two-dimensional output signal 420-a.

[0115] In another example, Figure 4 The illustrated mapping function 410-b maps the four-dimensional input signal 405-b to a one-dimensional output signal 420-b, which corresponds to an effective decoding rate of 4:1 (e.g., mapping function number 5 in Table 1). In this example, at level 1, the two values ​​(e.g., streams) of the input signal 405-b are input to the first basic mapping function 415-a (e.g., ...). In the second fundamental mapping function 415-a, the two values ​​of the input signal 405-b (e.g., the stream) are input to the second fundamental mapping function 415-a (e.g., the two values ​​of the input signal 405-b). In the process, the first and second basic mapping functions 415-a each output a value (e.g., a stream), which is then input at level 2 into the third basic mapping function 415-a in the second level (e.g., level 2). The third basic mapping function 415-a then produces a one-dimensional output signal 420-a.

[0116] In some examples, the basic mapping function 415 and other mapping functions that can be formed using the basic mapping function 415 can be configured to the device via a modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) configuration. For example, the MCS configuration can describe how to implement each effective decoding rate using the basic mapping function, as shown in Table 1. In some examples, the device can send instructions indicating the MCS configuration (e.g., or...). The control message (ratio) can instruct the combination of basic mapping functions to achieve the analog decoding ratio. In some examples, the basic mapping function... Level of analog decoding ratio We can use equations 13 and 14 to calculate: (13) (14) in It is the number of basic mapping functions in level 1. It is the first The input dimension of a mapping function It is a level The number of mapping functions in, and It is the first The output dimension of the mapping function.

[0117] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Examples of coded diagrams 500-a and 500-b supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown. Coded diagrams 500-a and 500-b illustrate the use of a scrambling function 510 in an analog decoding scheme, which may further include a mapping function 520, a shaping function 525, and a power normalization function 530, as referenced herein. Figures 1 to 4 As described.

[0118] The scrambling function 510 can be used to add randomness to the input signal, which can reduce inter-cell interference in the transmitting device. In some examples, a scrambling sequence 515 can be used to scramble the decoded bits (e.g., using mod2), and this scrambling sequence can be a random bit sequence (e.g., a random phase sequence). In some examples, the scrambling sequence 515 can be generated based on a cell identifier (ID) (e.g., a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) or another ID).

[0119] In some examples, such as Figure 5A As illustrated, scrambling function 510 can be executed before mapping function 520 and shaping function 525. In some other examples, such as Figure 5BAs shown, scrambling function 510 can be executed between mapping function 520 and shaping function 525. In some other examples, the scrambling function can be executed after both shaping function 525 and mapping function 520, or in another order.

[0120] In some examples, the scrambling function 510 can rewrite the input real number sequence into a complex number sequence. For example, a complex number sequence The form given in Equation 15 can be obtained from the input signal 505: (15)

[0121] The scrambling sequence 515 can be generated using a constant modulus (e.g., a unit modulus) and a uniform random phase. For example, the scrambling sequence 515 can be generated in the form given in Equation 16: (15) in It is a phase quantized using bits generated from a random sequence (e.g., a gold sequence, such as gold-33).

[0122] In some examples, the complex sequence obtained from the input signal 505 can be multiplied by the scrambling sequence to obtain the scrambling signal. To perform scrambling, as shown in Equation 16: (16) The real part of the result of Equation 16 can be input into subsequent functions (such as...) Figure 5A The mapping function 520 and Figure 5B In the integer function (525). For example, the real part can be given by equations 17 and 18: (17) (18)

[0123] In some examples, the receiving device can reverse these operations to obtain an unscrambled sequence (e.g., recover the input signal). For example, the receiving device can use Equations 15 through 18 (or, for example, inverted versions of these equations) to descramble the input signal. In some cases, descrambling can occur before or after the demapping operation. Additionally or alternatively, descrambling can occur before or after the deshaping operation.

[0124] In some examples, the signal intended for transmission to another device can be mapped to one or more resources (e.g., time / frequency resources) after power normalization 530. That is, a power-normalized analog signal can be mapped to physical resources for transmission to one or more wireless devices via a wireless channel.

[0125] Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figure 6C Examples of coded diagrams 600-a, 600-b, and 600-c supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown. Codec diagrams 600-a, 600-b, and 600-c illustrate the use of a CDM 610 in an analog decoding scheme, which may further include a mapping function 615, a shaping function 620, and a power normalization 625, as referenced herein. Figures 1 to 5B As described.

[0126] The CDM 610 can expand the value (e.g., samples) of the input signal 605 to equalize distortion in the transmitted signal. For example, if a resource element (e.g., a physical resource) of the device experiences deep fading, samples transmitted on that resource element may suffer severe distortion. By using the CDM 610, samples of the input signal 605 can be expanded across multiple resource elements, and distortion caused by any single sample can be reduced.

[0127] CDM 610 can be executed before mapping function 615 and integer function 620, such as Figure 6A As illustrated, this is performed between the mapping function 615 and the integer function 620, such as Figure 6B As illustrated, or executed after mapping function 615 and integer function 620, such as Figure 6C As illustrated. In some other examples, for example, if the mapping function 615 and the integer function 620 are executed in a different order (e.g., as shown in the reference...), Figure 3A and Figure 3B As described, the CDM 610 can be executed at different points in the analog decoding scheme.

[0128] In some examples, the CDM 610 can convert the input signal 605. Each sample is mapped to Each reused sample can be an original sample. In some cases, each reused sample can be an original sample. A weighted sum of samples, where the weights are 1 or -1. For example, each original sample can be assigned a vector, which may include... The weights are reused (e.g., 1 or -1), and the weight vectors assigned to each original sample can be orthogonal to each other, such that the reuse matrix is ​​an orthogonal matrix (e.g., according to the Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC)). For example, for two samples (e.g., The weight vectors assigned to the first and second samples can be respectively and Similarly, for four samples (e.g., The weight vector can be , , and In some other examples, the overlay code (e.g., OCC) in the CDM 610 can be formed from orthogonal discrete Fourier transform (DFT) vectors or orthogonal DCT vectors. In some cases, the size of the CDM 610 (e.g., the dimension of the overlay code) can be determined based on resource allocation (equal to the total number of resource elements allocated to the analog transmission), or the size of the CDM 610 can be determined by the transmitting side and signaled to the receiving side.

[0129] Therefore, multiplexed signals This can be given by Equation 19 below, and multiplexing can be reversed (e.g., by the receiving device) using the transpose of the multiplexing matrix, as shown in Equation 20: (19) (20) Where P is the reuse matrix, and This is the input signal of the CDM 610. For example... Figure 6A As shown, CDM 610 can be performed on each dimension of the input signal 605, which has multiple dimensions (e.g., if the input signal 605 has not yet been mapped) to obtain and Alternatively, such as Figure 6B and Figure 6C As shown, CDM 610 can be performed on a signal with one dimension to obtain... (For example, if input signal 605 has already been mapped). The multiplexed signal output from CDM 610 can be input into power normalization 625 (e.g., after any other function that may be retained), and the resulting signal can be mapped to the physical resources of the device for transmission.

[0130] In some examples, the receiving device can reconstruct these operations to obtain a demultiplexed sequence. For example, the receiving device can use Equation 20 to demultiplex the input signal. In some cases, demultiplexing can occur before or after the demapping operation. Additionally or alternatively, demultiplexing can occur before or after the deshaping operation.

[0131] Figure 7A , Figure 7B and Figure 7C Examples of coded diagrams 700-a, 700-b, and 700-c supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown. Coded diagrams 700-a, 700-b, and 700-c illustrate the use of interleaving 710 in an analog decoding scheme, which may further include a mapping function 715, a shaping function 720, and a power normalization 725, as referenced herein. Figures 1 to 6C As described.

[0132] Interleaving 710 can reorder the input sequence, which can avoid continuous distortion in the transmitted signal. Interleaving 710 can be performed before the mapping function 715 and the shaping function 720, such as... Figure 7A As illustrated, this is performed between the mapping function 715 and the integer function 720, such as... Figure 7B As illustrated, or executed after mapping function 715 and integer function 720, such as Figure 7C As illustrated. In some other examples, for example, if the mapping function 715 and the integer function 720 are executed in a different order (e.g., as shown in the reference...), Figure 3A and Figure 3B As described, the interleaved 710 can be executed at different points in the analog decoding scheme.

[0133] In some examples, interleaving 710 can permutate the input signal 705 (e.g., or the input signal after being processed by another function), which can reorder the input signal 705. For example, interleaving 710 can use a permutation matrix. This permutation matrix can have a single value of 1 in each column and each row. Therefore, the interleaved signal... This can be given by the following equation 21: (twenty one)

[0134] Additionally or alternatively, the interleaving 710 can be based on a random mapping. For example, a set of indices (e.g., a new set of indices) can be randomly generated for each value in the input signal (e.g., input signal 705). In some examples, a random sequence can be used to generate the set of indices, and in some examples, this random sequence can be based on the cell ID. For example, the index... It can be derived from the previous index from the input signal. The generation is shown in Equation 22: (twenty two)

[0135] Additionally or alternatively, interleaving 710 can be based on interleaving rules (e.g., predefined rules). For example, the device can be configured using interleaving rules for performing interleaving 710. In some cases, interleaving rules may involve first inputting symbols line by line. Read In the matrix, the input symbol is then read column by column into the matrix. Input symbol You can start by sorting by column The input symbols are read from the matrix, and then read row by row from the matrix. Interleaving is performed. The interleaved signal output from interleaving 710 can be input into power normalization 725 (e.g., after any other function that may be retained), and the resulting signal can be mapped to the physical resources of the device for transmission.

[0136] In some examples, the receiving device can reverse the process by reversing the interleaving rules. For example, the receiving device can first read the received symbols column by column. In the matrix, the received symbols are then read row by row, first by row and then by column. Alternatively, the receiving device may invert Equations 21 and 22 to perform deinterleaving. Therefore, the receiving device can deinterleave the input signal. In some examples, deinterleaving may occur before or after the demapping operation. Alternatively, deinterleaving may occur before or after the deshaping operation.

[0137] Figure 8 An example of a process flow 800 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Process flow 800 illustrates wireless communication between devices 805-a and 805-b supporting analog signals. Devices 805-a and 805-b can be as described in the reference... Figure 2 An example of the described device 205. In some examples, steps may be added to or omitted from process flow 800, or steps may be performed in a different order than those shown.

[0138] At 810, device 805-b can send signaling to device 805-a. In some examples, the signaling may include a report indicating channel quality information to device 805-a, such as a CSI report. Additionally or alternatively, the signaling may include one or more reference signals, such as a sounding reference signal. In some examples, the signaling may include a report indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme (e.g., as CQI).

[0139] At 815, device 805-a can determine a set of parameters. For example, device 805-a can explicitly obtain the set of parameters via signaling received from device 805-b, for instance, based on the received CQI. Alternatively, device 805-a can determine channel quality information from a CSI report or by measuring one or more reference signals, and device 805-a can generate the set of parameters based on the channel quality information. In some examples, device 805-a can determine the set of parameters without receiving signaling from device 805-b (e.g., signaling at 810). The set of parameters may include mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation of an analog decoding scheme and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation of an analog decoding scheme. In some examples, the set of parameters may include a dimension parameter associated with the ratio between a first dimension of the input signal associated with the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal associated with the mapping operation.

[0140] At 820, device 805-a can encode the input signal according to an analog decoding scheme to obtain an encoded analog signal. For example, as described herein, device 805-a can perform mapping and shaping operations. In some examples, device 805-a can also perform scrambling, CDM, interleaving, and power normalization operations, as referenced herein. Figures 5A to 8 As described in C.

[0141] At 825, device 805-a may send a message (e.g., a control message) to device 805-b indicating a set of parameters. Additionally or alternatively, device 805-a may send the set of parameters as a combination of each parameter in the set of parameters. In some examples, the combination may be selected from a set of combinations, and each combination may be associated with a target number of distortions. In some cases, the message may indicate an MCS (e.g., an MCS configuration) to device 805-b.

[0142] At 830, device 805-a can transmit messages including encoded analog signals via one or more channels. For example, the encoded analog signals can be mapped to one or more physical resources of device 805-a for transmission.

[0143] At 835, device 805-b can use a set of parameters to decode the analog signal. For example, device 805-b can use a set of parameters sent by device 805-a at 825. Additionally or alternatively, device 805-b can use a set of parameters indicated by signaling sent by device 805-b at 810. Therefore, as described herein, devices 805-a and 805-b can communicate based on an analog decoding scheme.

[0144] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 illustrates a device 905 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 905 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. Device 905, or one or more components of device 905 (e.g., receiver 910, transmitter 915, and communication manager 920), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0145] Receiver 910 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication). The information may be delivered to other components of device 905. Receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0146] Transmitter 915 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 905. For example, transmitter 915 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 915 may be co-located with receiver 910 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0147] The communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components used to perform various aspects of analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0148] In some examples, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0149] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communication management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by any combination of a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0150] In some examples, the communication manager 920 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, transmit information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 920 can be configured or operable to support components for encoding an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping operations and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The communication manager 920 can be configured or operable to support components for transmitting control messages indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The communication manager 920 can be configured or operable to support components for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0152] Additionally or alternatively, according to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 920 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. The communication manager 920 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a message including an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations. The communication manager 920 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for decoding the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0153] By including or configuring a communication manager 920 according to an example as described herein, device 905 (e.g., controlling receiver 910, transmitter 915, communication manager 920 or a combination thereof, or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for analog decoding and transmission that reduce transmission distortion relative to digital signals, thereby improving communication between devices and reducing the likelihood of retransmissions.

[0154] Figure 10A block diagram 1000 of an apparatus 1005 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Apparatus 1005 may be an example of aspects of apparatus 905, UE 115, or network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 1005 may include receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, and communication manager 1020. Apparatus 1005, or one or more components of apparatus 1005 (e.g., receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, and communication manager 1020), may include at least one processor that can be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0155] Receiver 1010 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication). The information may be delivered to other components of device 1005. Receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0156] Transmitter 1015 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 1005. For example, transmitter 1015 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1015 may be co-located with receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0157] Device 1005 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein. For example, communication manager 1020 may include analog decoding component 1025, parameter component 1030, analog signal component 1035, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1020 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1020 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 1020 may receive information from receiver 1010, transmit information to transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0158] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication. The analog decoding component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for encoding an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The parameter component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The analog signal component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0159] Additionally or alternatively, according to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication. The analog decoding component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. The analog signal component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for receiving from a second device a message including an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations. The parameter component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for decoding an analog signal based on a received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0160] Figure 11A block diagram 1100 is shown of a communication manager 1120 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 920, communication manager 1020, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1120 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing the various aspects of analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may include an analog decoding component 1125, a parameter component 1130, an analog signal component 1135, a mapping component 1140, a channel quality component 1145, a scrambling component 1150, a multiplexing component 1155, an interleaving component 1160, or any combination thereof. These components, or each of their components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0161] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication. The analog decoding component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for encoding an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The parameter component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for transmitting a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The analog signal component 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0162] In some examples, the set of parameters also includes a dimension parameter that is associated with the ratio between a first dimension of the input signal associated with the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal associated with the mapping operation, and the mapping component 1140 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a component for mapping an input signal having a first dimension to an output signal having a second dimension based on the mapping operation and the dimension parameter.

[0163] In some examples, the mapping operation includes mapping a first set of values ​​of an input signal having a first dimension to a second set of values ​​of an output signal having a second dimension, based on a dimension parameter. In some examples, the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

[0164] In some examples, the mapping operation includes mapping a first set of values ​​of an input signal having a first dimension to a second set of values ​​of an output signal having a second dimension, based on a dimension parameter. In some examples, the second dimension is greater than the first dimension.

[0165] In some examples, the analog decoding scheme comprises a set of multiple mapping operations. In some examples, two or more mapping operations within the set are executed in parallel.

[0166] In some examples, one or more additional mapping operations from a set of multiple mapping operations are performed on the output of two or more mapping operations executed in parallel. In some examples, mapping an input signal with a first dimension to an output signal with a second dimension is based on a sequence of multiple mapping operations, the sequence of which is based on a dimension parameter.

[0167] In some examples, the control message indicates the modulation and decoding scheme associated with the effective decoding rate of the encoded analog signal, which indicates a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of the one or more cascaded levels. In some examples, the effective decoding rate is based on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions for the first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

[0168] In some examples, the channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving reports indicating channel state information. In some examples, the channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme based on the received reports.

[0169] In some examples, channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for measuring one or more probe reference signals. In some examples, channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme based on the measurement of one or more probe reference signals.

[0170] In some examples, parameter component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving reports indicating channel quality information, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme.

[0171] In some examples, a combination of sets of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each of which corresponds to a specific distortion target associated with the encoded analog signal.

[0172] In some examples, in order to support encoding of input signals according to an analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding component 1125 can be configured or operable to support components for performing mapping operations prior to shaping operations based on mapping operations, including compression functions.

[0173] In some examples, in order to support encoding of input signals according to an analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding component 1125 can be configured or operable to support components for performing shaping operations prior to the mapping operation, including an extension function, based on the mapping operation.

[0174] In some examples, in order to support encoding of the input signal according to an analog decoding scheme, the scrambling component 1150 can be configured or operable to support components for performing a scrambling operation, which includes modifying the input signal based on one or more random phase sequences, wherein the scrambling operation is performed before a shaping operation, before a mapping operation, between a shaping operation and a mapping operation, after a shaping operation, or after a mapping operation.

[0175] In some examples, one or more random phase sequences are based on the identifier value of the cell associated with the first device.

[0176] In some examples, in order to support encoding of input signals according to an analog decoding scheme, multiplexing component 1155 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for multiplexing input signals according to a set of CDM operations associated with a set of multiple physical resources of the first device, wherein the input signals are multiplexed before a shaping operation, before a mapping operation, between a shaping operation and a mapping operation, after a shaping operation, or after a mapping operation.

[0177] In some examples, in order to support encoding of the input signal according to an analog decoding scheme, the interleaving component 1160 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for interleaving the input signal according to an interleaving operation, which includes modifying a set of indices associated with the input signal, wherein the interleaving operation is performed before a shaping operation, before a mapping operation, between a shaping operation and a mapping operation, after a shaping operation, or after a mapping operation.

[0178] In some examples, the set of modified indices is based on applying a permutation matrix to the set of indices, applying a random mapping to the set of indices, or mapping the set of indices to a first matrix and reading the set of indices from the first matrix based on an interleaving rule. In some examples, the random mapping is based on the identifier value of the cell associated with the first device.

[0179] Additionally or alternatively, according to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication. In some examples, the analog decoding component 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. In some examples, the analog signal component 1135 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for receiving from a second device a message including an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations. In some examples, the parameter component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for decoding an analog signal based on a received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0180] In some examples, the set of parameters also includes a dimension parameter associated with the ratio between the first dimension of the input signal from the mapping operation and the second dimension of the output signal from the mapping operation, and the mapping operation is based on the dimension parameter. In some examples, analog signals are decoded based on the dimension parameter.

[0181] In some examples, the mapping operation includes mapping a first set of values ​​of an input signal having a first dimension to a second set of values ​​of an output signal having a second dimension, based on a dimension parameter. In some examples, the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

[0182] In some examples, the mapping operation includes mapping a first set of values ​​of an input signal having a first dimension to a second set of values ​​of an output signal having a second dimension, based on a dimension parameter. In some examples, the second dimension is greater than the first dimension.

[0183] In some examples, the control message indicates the modulation and decoding scheme associated with the effective decoding rate of the analog signal, which indicates a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of the one or more cascaded levels. In some examples, the effective decoding rate is based on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions for the first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

[0184] In some examples, parameter component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for generating mapping parameters and integer parameters based on dimension parameters, wherein control messages are sent based on the generated mapping parameters and integer parameters.

[0185] In some examples, the channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending reports indicating channel state information to a second device, wherein the mapping parameters and shaping parameters are based on the channel state information.

[0186] In some examples, the channel quality component 1145 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting one or more probe reference signals to a second device, wherein the mapping parameters and shaping parameters are based on one or more probe reference signals.

[0187] In some examples, parameter component 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending a report indicating channel quality information to a second device, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of a set of parameters.

[0188] In some examples, a combination of sets of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each of which corresponds to a specific distortion target associated with the analog signal.

[0189] In some examples, to support the decoding of analog signals, the analog decoding component 1125 can be configured or operable to support components for decoding analog signals according to an analog decoding scheme that includes a mapping operation based on a compression function performed before a shaping operation.

[0190] In some examples, to support the decoding of analog signals, the analog decoding component 1125 can be configured or operable to support components for decoding analog signals according to an analog decoding scheme that includes a shaping operation based on a mapping operation, including an expansion function performed prior to the mapping operation.

[0191] In some examples, to support the decoding of analog signals, scrambling component 1150 can be, configured, or operable to support components for decoding analog signals according to an analog decoding scheme that includes scrambling operations performed before, before, between, after, or after a shaping operation, wherein the decoding of the analog signal is based on the analog signal being modified by one or more random phase sequences.

[0192] In some examples, one or more random phase sequences are based on the identifier value of the cell associated with the second device.

[0193] In some examples, in order to support the decoding of analog signals, the multiplexing component 1155 can be configured or operable to support components for decoding analog signals according to an analog decoding scheme that includes CDM operations associated with a set of multiple physical resources of the second device.

[0194] In some examples, in order to support the decoding of analog signals, the interleaving component 1160 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for decoding analog signals according to an analog decoding scheme that includes an interleaving operation, wherein decoding of the analog signals is based on deinterleaving the analog signals according to a set of indices associated with the input signals.

[0195] In some examples, deinterleaving of the analog signal is based on a permutation matrix applied to the set of indices, a random mapping applied to the set of indices, or mapping the set of indices to a first matrix and reading the set of indices from the first matrix based on interleaving rules. In some examples, the random mapping is based on the identifier value of the cell associated with the first device.

[0196] Figure 12 A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1205 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or UE 115 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1205 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 1205 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1220, an input / output (I / O) controller 1210, a transceiver 1215, an antenna 1225, at least one memory 1230, code 1235, and at least one processor 1240. These components may communicate electronically or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1245).

[0197] I / O controller 1210 manages the input and output signals of device 1205. I / O controller 1210 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1205. In some cases, I / O controller 1210 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1210 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ®OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Alternatively, the I / O controller 1210 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1210 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 1240. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1205 via the I / O controller 1210 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1210.

[0198] In some cases, device 1205 may include a single antenna 1225. However, in other cases, device 1205 may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1215 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1225 as described herein, a wired link, or a wireless link. For example, transceiver 1215 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1215 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1225 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1225. Transceiver 1215, or transceiver 1215 and one or more antennas 1225, may be an example of transmitter 915, transmitter 1015, receiver 910, receiver 1010, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0199] At least one memory 1230 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 1230 may store computer-readable, computer-executable (e.g., processor-executable) code 1235, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1240, cause device 1205 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1235 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1240, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1230 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0200] At least one processor 1240 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1240. At least one processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 1230) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication). For example, device 1205 or components of device 1205 may include at least one processor 1240 and at least one memory 1230 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 1240, wherein at least one processor 1240 and at least one memory 1230 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1240 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1230 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1240 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines (such as a series of machines), circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1240) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1230)) or components that receive or receive input and process the input to produce, generate or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Thus, at least one processor 1240 or a processing system including at least one processor 1240 may be configured, configurable, or operable to cause device 1205 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “configurable to,” and “operable to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 1230 or otherwise.

[0201] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for encoding an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The communication manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting control messages indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The communication manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0202] Additionally or alternatively, according to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. The communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a message including an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations. The communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for decoding the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0203] By including or configuring a communication manager 1220 according to an example as described herein, device 1205 can support techniques for analog decoding and transmission that reduce transmission distortion relative to digital signals, thereby improving communication between devices, reducing the likelihood of retransmissions, and improving the user experience.

[0204] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the transceiver 1215, one or more antennas 1225, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1220 may be supported by or performed by at least one processor 1240, at least one memory 1230, code 1235, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1235 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1240 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein, or at least one processor 1240 and at least one memory 1230 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0205] Figure 13 A diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1305 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1305 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1305 may include components supporting output and obtaining communication, such as a communication manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, an antenna 1315, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, and at least one processor 1335. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communicative ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1340).

[0206] As described herein, transceiver 1310 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both. In some examples, transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and be capable of bidirectional communication with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315 that may be capable of (e.g., concurrently) transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1310 may also include a modem for modulating signals to provide modulated signals for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1315, via a wired transmitter), for receiving modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver), and for demodulating signals. In some embodiments, transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1315 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1315 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1310 may include one or more processors or one or more memory components or be configured to couple to said one or more processors or one or more memory components, said one or more processors or memory components being operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1310, or transceiver 1310 and one or more antennas 1315, or transceiver 1310 and one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., at least one processor 1335, at least one memory 1325, or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 1305. In some examples, transceiver 1310 may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, and fronthaul communication link 168).

[0207] At least one memory 1325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. At least one memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable (e.g., processor-executable) code 1330 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1335, cause the device 1305 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1330 may not be directly executable by one of the at least one processor 1335, but may enable the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, among other things, at least one memory 1325 may also contain a BIOS that controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein (e.g., as part of a processing system).

[0208] At least one processor 1335 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic units, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1335. At least one processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., one or more memories in at least one memory 1325) to cause device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication). For example, device 1305 or components of device 1305 may include at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 coupled to one or more of the at least one processor 1335, wherein at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 1330) host functions for performing the functions of device 1305. At least one processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1305 (such as within one or more memories of at least one memory 1325). In some examples, at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines (such as a series of machines), circuits (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1335) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1325)) or components that receive or acquire input and process the input to produce, generate, or acquire a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Therefore, at least one processor 1335 or a processing system including at least one processor 1335 may be configured, configurable, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein.Furthermore, as described herein, “configurable to,” “configurable to,” and “operable to” are used interchangeably and can be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 1325 or otherwise.

[0209] In some examples, bus 1340 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1340 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 1305, or communication performed between different components of device 1305 that are co-addressable or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1320, transceiver 1310, at least one memory 1325, code 1330 and at least one processor 1335 may be located in one component of different components or partitioned between different components).

[0210] In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 1320 may manage the delivery of data communications by client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for coordinating communication with UEs 115 with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0211] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for encoding an input signal to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The communication manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting control messages indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The communication manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0212] Additionally or alternatively, according to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication. For example, the communication manager 1320 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. The communication manager 1320 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving from a second device a message including an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping and shaping operations. The communication manager 1320 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for decoding the analog signal based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0213] By including or configuring a communication manager 1320 according to an example as described herein, device 1305 can support techniques for analog decoding and transmission that reduce transmission distortion relative to digital signals, thereby improving communication between devices, reducing the likelihood of retransmissions, and improving the user experience.

[0214] In some examples, the communication manager 1320 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the transceiver 1310, one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receive, acquire, monitor, output, transmit). Although the communication manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1320 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1310, one or more processors in at least one processor 1335, one or more memories in at least one memory 1325, code 1330, or any combination thereof (e.g., by a processing system including at least a portion of at least one processor 1335, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, or any combination thereof). For example, code 1330 may include instructions that can be executed by one or more processors of at least one processor 1335 to cause device 1305 to perform various aspects of analog decoding and transmission for semantic communication as described herein, or at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0215] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for analog decoding and transmission supporting semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1400 may be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1400 may be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 1 to 13The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0216] At 1405, the method may include: encoding an input signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog decoding scheme including a mapping operation and a shaping operation, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. The operation at 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1405 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The described analog decoding component 1125 is executed.

[0217] At 1410, the method may include sending a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The operation of 1410 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1410 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described parameter component 1130 is executed.

[0218] At 1415, the method may include: transmitting a message comprising an encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on a set of transmission indication parameters in the form of a control message. The operation of 1415 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The analog signal component 1135 described herein is executed.

[0219] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for analog decoding and transmission supporting semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1500 may be performed by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 13 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0220] At point 1505, the method may include receiving a report indicating channel state information. The operation of point 1505 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of point 1505 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described channel quality component 1145 is executed.

[0221] At 1510, the method may include: generating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme based on a received report, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and integer parameters associated with an integer operation. The operation of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The described channel quality component 1145 is executed.

[0222] At 1515, the method may include: encoding the input signal according to a set of analog decoding schemes and parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, wherein the analog decoding scheme includes mapping operations and shaping operations. The operation at 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1515 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The described analog decoding component 1125 is executed.

[0223] At 1520, the method may include sending a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme. The operation of 1520 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1520 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described parameter component 1130 is executed.

[0224] At 1525, the method may include: transmitting a message comprising an encoded analog signal via one or more channels based on a set of transmission indication parameters in the form of a control message. The operation of 1525 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1525 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The analog signal component 1135 described herein is executed.

[0225] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for analog decoding and transmission supporting semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1600 may be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 1 to 13 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0226] At 1605, the method may include: receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation. The operation of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1605 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described analog decoding component 1125 is executed.

[0227] At 1610, the method may include: receiving a message comprising an analog signal from a second device, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping operations and shaping operations. The operation of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1610 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The analog signal component 1135 described herein is executed.

[0228] At 1615, the method may include: decoding the analog signal based on a control message receiving a set of indication parameters. The operation of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1615 may be derived from references... Figure 11 The described parameter component 1130 is executed.

[0229] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for analog decoding and transmission supporting semantic communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1700 may be performed by, as described in reference... Figures 1 to 13 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0230] At 1705, the method may include: sending a report indicating channel state information to a second device. The operation of 1720 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1720 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described channel quality component 1145 is executed.

[0231] At 1710, the method may include: receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation, wherein the mapping parameters and shaping parameters are based on channel state information. The operation of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The described analog decoding component 1125 is executed.

[0232] At 1715, the method may include: receiving a message comprising an analog signal from a second device, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to an analog decoding scheme based on a set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including mapping operations and shaping operations. The operation of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 11 The analog signal component 1135 described herein is executed.

[0233] At 1720, the method may include: decoding the analog signal based on a control message receiving a set of indication parameters. The operation at 1715 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation at 1715 may be derived from, as referenced... Figure 11 The described parameter component 1130 is executed.

[0234] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0235] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first device, the method comprising: encoding an input signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters to obtain an encoded analog signal, the analog decoding scheme including a mapping operation and a shaping operation, the set of parameters including at least a mapping parameter associated with the mapping operation and a shaping parameter associated with the shaping operation; transmitting a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; and transmitting a message including the encoded analog signal via one or more channels, at least in part based on the control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0236] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the set of parameters further includes a dimension parameter associated with a ratio between a first dimension of the input signal associated with the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal associated with the mapping operation, the method further includes: mapping the input signal having the first dimension to the output signal having the second dimension according to the mapping operation and the dimension parameter.

[0237] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension according to the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

[0238] Aspect 4: According to the method of aspect 2, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, the second dimension being greater than the first dimension, according to the dimension parameter.

[0239] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein the analog decoding scheme includes a plurality of mapping operations, the plurality of mapping operations including the mapping operations, and two or more of the plurality of mapping operations are executed in parallel.

[0240] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, wherein one or more additional mapping operations of the plurality of mapping operations are performed on the output of the two or more mapping operations executed in parallel, mapping the input signal having the first dimension to the output signal having the second dimension based at least in part on a sequence of the plurality of mapping operations, the sequence of the plurality of mapping operations being based at least in part on the dimension parameter.

[0241] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 5 to 6, wherein the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the encoded analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of one or more cascaded levels, and the effective decoding rate is based at least in part on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of a first level in the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level in the one or more levels.

[0242] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method further comprising: receiving a report indicating channel state information; and generating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme based at least in part on receiving the report.

[0243] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: measuring one or more probe reference signals; and generating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme based at least in part on the measurement of the one or more probe reference signals.

[0244] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: receiving a report indicating channel quality information, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme.

[0245] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the combination of the set of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each combination in the list of combinations corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the encoded analog signal.

[0246] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme comprises: performing the mapping operation prior to the shaping operation, at least in part based on the mapping operation including the compression function.

[0247] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme comprises: performing the shaping operation prior to the mapping operation, at least in part based on the mapping operation including the expansion function.

[0248] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme further comprises: performing a scrambling operation, the scrambling operation comprising: modifying the input signal at least in part based on one or more random phase sequences, wherein the scrambling operation is performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0249] Aspect 15: According to the method of aspect 14, wherein the one or more random phase sequences are based at least in part on the identification value of a cell associated with the first device.

[0250] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme further comprises: multiplexing the input signal according to a code division multiplexing operation associated with a plurality of physical resources of the first device, wherein the input signal is multiplexed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0251] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein encoding the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme further comprises: interleaving the input signal according to an interleaving operation, the interleaving operation comprising: modifying a set of indices associated with the input signal, wherein the interleaving operation is performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

[0252] Aspect 18: The method according to aspect 17, wherein the set of modified indexes is based at least in part on applying a permutation matrix to the set of indexes, applying a random mapping to the set of indexes, or mapping the set of indexes to a first matrix and reading the set of indexes from the first matrix based on an interleaving rule, and the random mapping is based at least in part on the identifier value of a cell associated with the first device.

[0253] Aspect 19: A method for wireless communication at a first device, the method comprising: receiving from a second device a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; receiving from the second device a message comprising an analog signal, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme, which is at least partially based on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; and decoding the analog signal at least partially based on the received control message indicating the set of parameters.

[0254] Aspect 20: According to the method of aspect 19, wherein the set of parameters further includes a dimension parameter associated with the ratio between a first dimension of the input signal from the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal from the mapping operation, and the mapping operation decodes the analog signal at least in part based on the dimension parameter.

[0255] Aspect 21: According to the method of aspect 20, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having a first dimension to a second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having a second dimension, based on the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

[0256] Aspect 22: According to the method of aspect 20, the mapping operation includes: mapping a first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension to a second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension, the second dimension being greater than the first dimension, according to the dimension parameter.

[0257] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 22, wherein the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of one or more cascaded levels, and the effective decoding rate is based at least in part on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of a first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

[0258] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 20 to 23, the method further comprising: generating the mapping parameter and the shaping parameter at least in part based on the dimension parameter, wherein the control message is sent at least in part based on generating the mapping parameter and the shaping parameter.

[0259] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 24, the method further comprising: sending a report indicating channel state information to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters are at least partially based on the channel state information.

[0260] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 25, the method further comprising: sending one or more probe reference signals to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters are at least partially based on the one or more probe reference signals.

[0261] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 26, the method further comprising: sending a report indicating channel quality information to the second device, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters.

[0262] Aspect 28: The method according to aspect 27, wherein the combination of the set of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each combination in the list of combinations corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the analog signal.

[0263] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 28, wherein decoding the analog signal comprises: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding scheme comprising at least in part based on the mapping operation including a compression function, the mapping operation being performed prior to the shaping operation.

[0264] Aspect 30: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 29, wherein decoding the analog signal comprises: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding scheme comprising at least in part based on the mapping operation including the expansion function, and the shaping operation performed prior to the mapping operation.

[0265] Aspect 31: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 30, wherein decoding the analog signal comprises: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding scheme comprising a scrambling operation performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation, wherein decoding the analog signal is based at least in part on the analog signal being modified by one or more random phase sequences.

[0266] Aspect 32: According to the method of aspect 31, wherein the one or more random phase sequences are based at least in part on the identification value of a cell associated with the second device.

[0267] Aspect 33: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 32, wherein decoding the analog signal comprises: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding scheme comprising code division multiplexing operations associated with a plurality of physical resources of the second device.

[0268] Aspect 34: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 33, wherein decoding the analog signal comprises: decoding the analog signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the analog decoding scheme including an interleaving operation, wherein decoding the analog signal is based at least in part on deinterleaving the analog signal at least in part on a set of indices associated with an input signal.

[0269] Aspect 35: The method according to aspect 34, wherein deinterleaving of the analog signal is based at least in part on a permutation matrix applied to the set of indices, a random mapping applied to the set of indices, or mapping the set of indices to a first matrix and reading the set of indices from the first matrix based on an interleaving rule, and the random mapping is based at least in part on an identifier value of a cell associated with the first device.

[0270] Aspect 36: A first device for wireless communication, the first device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0271] Aspect 37: A first device for wireless communication, the first device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0272] Aspect 38: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0273] Aspect 39: A first device for wireless communication, the first device comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to perform a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 35.

[0274] Aspect 40: A first device for wireless communication, the first device comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 35.

[0275] Aspect 41: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 35.

[0276] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0277] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0278] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0279] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described functions or operations individually or jointly.

[0280] The functionality described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functionality can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functionality described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functionality can also be physically located in various locations, including portions distributed such that the functionality is implemented at different physical locations.

[0281] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0282] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0283] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “the component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "the one or more components" in the subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0284] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0285] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second numeral for differentiation between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the specification, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0286] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0287] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A first device, the first device comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute said code to enable the first device: The input signal is encoded to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters. The analog decoding scheme includes mapping operations and shaping operations, and the set of parameters includes at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. Send a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; as well as The control message, which includes the encoded analog signal, is transmitted via one or more channels, based at least in part on the set of transmission indication parameters.

2. The first device of claim 1, wherein the set of parameters further includes a dimension parameter associated with a ratio between a first dimension of the input signal associated with the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal associated with the mapping operation, and the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The input signal having the first dimension is mapped to the output signal having the second dimension according to the mapping operation and the dimension parameter.

3. The first device according to claim 2, wherein the mapping operation includes: The first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension are mapped to the second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension according to the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

4. The first device according to claim 2, wherein the mapping operation includes: The first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension are mapped to the second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension according to the dimension parameter, wherein the second dimension is greater than the first dimension.

5. The first device according to claim 2, wherein the analog decoding scheme includes a plurality of mapping operations, the plurality of mapping operations includes the mapping operations, and wherein two or more of the plurality of mapping operations are executed in parallel.

6. The first device of claim 5, wherein one or more additional mapping operations of the plurality of mapping operations are performed on the output of the two or more mapping operations executed in parallel, and wherein mapping the input signal having the first dimension to the output signal having the second dimension is based at least in part on a sequence of the plurality of mapping operations, the sequence of the plurality of mapping operations being based at least in part on the dimension parameter.

7. The first device of claim 5, wherein the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the encoded analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of the one or more cascaded levels, and wherein the effective decoding rate is based at least in part on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of a first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

8. The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: Receive reports indicating channel status information; and The set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme is generated, at least in part, based on the received report.

9. The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: Measuring one or more detection reference signals; and The set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme is generated, at least in part, based on measurements of the one or more probe reference signals.

10. The first device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: Receive a report indicating channel quality information, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme.

11. The first device of claim 10, wherein the combination of the set of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each combination in the list of combinations corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the encoded analog signal.

12. The first device of claim 1, wherein, in order to encode the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The mapping operation is performed prior to the shaping operation, based at least in part on the mapping operation which includes the compression function.

13. The first device of claim 1, wherein, in order to encode the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the one or more processors are capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The shaping operation is performed prior to the mapping operation, which includes an extension function, at least in part.

14. The first device of claim 1, wherein, in order to encode the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: Perform a scrambling operation, the scrambling operation including: The input signal is modified at least in part based on one or more random phase sequences, wherein the scrambling operation is performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

15. The first device of claim 14, wherein the one or more random phase sequences are based at least in part on the identification value of a cell associated with the first device.

16. The first device of claim 1, wherein, in order to encode the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The input signal is multiplexed according to code division multiplexing operations associated with multiple physical resources of the first device, wherein the input signal is multiplexed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

17. The first device of claim 1, wherein, in order to encode the input signal according to the analog decoding scheme, the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The input signal is interleaved according to an interleaving operation, the interleaving operation including: Modify the set of indices associated with the input signal, wherein the interleaving operation is performed before the shaping operation, before the mapping operation, between the shaping operation and the mapping operation, after the shaping operation, or after the mapping operation.

18. The first device of claim 17, wherein the set of modified indexes is based at least in part on applying a permutation matrix to the set of indexes, applying a random mapping to the set of indexes, or mapping the set of indexes to a first matrix and reading the set of indexes from the first matrix based on an interleaving rule, and wherein the random mapping is based at least in part on an identifier value of a cell associated with the first device.

19. A first device, the first device comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute said code to enable the first device: The second device receives a control message indicating a set of parameters associated with an analog decoding scheme, the set of parameters including at least mapping parameters associated with a mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with a shaping operation; Receive a message comprising an analog signal from the second device, wherein the analog signal is encoded according to the analog decoding scheme based at least in part on the set of parameters, the analog decoding scheme including the mapping operation and the shaping operation; as well as The analog signal is decoded at least in part based on the control message that receives the set of indication parameters.

20. The first device of claim 19, wherein the set of parameters further includes a dimension parameter associated with the ratio between a first dimension of the input signal from the mapping operation and a second dimension of the output signal from the mapping operation, and the mapping operation is based at least in part on the dimension parameter, and wherein the analog signal is decoded based at least in part on the dimension parameter.

21. The first device according to claim 20, wherein the mapping operation comprises: The first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension are mapped to the second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension according to the dimension parameter, wherein the first dimension is greater than the second dimension.

22. The first device according to claim 20, wherein the mapping operation comprises: The first plurality of values ​​of the input signal having the first dimension are mapped to the second plurality of values ​​of the output signal having the second dimension according to the dimension parameter, wherein the second dimension is greater than the first dimension.

23. The first device of claim 20, wherein the control message indicates a modulation and decoding scheme associated with an effective decoding rate of the analog signal, the modulation and decoding scheme indicating a corresponding set of mapping functions associated with each of one or more cascaded levels, and wherein the effective decoding rate is based at least in part on a first dimension associated with the total number of mapping functions of a first level of the one or more levels and a second dimension associated with the last level of the one or more levels.

24. The first device of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: The mapping parameters and the shaping parameters are generated at least in part based on the dimension parameters, and the control message is sent based at least in part on the generation of the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters.

25. The first device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: A report indicating channel state information is sent to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters are at least partially based on the channel state information.

26. The first device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: One or more probe reference signals are sent to the second device, wherein the mapping parameters and the shaping parameters are at least partially based on the one or more probe reference signals.

27. The first device of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the first device to: Send a report indicating channel quality information to the second device, wherein the channel quality information indicates a combination of the set of parameters.

28. The first device of claim 27, wherein the combination of the set of parameters is selected from a list of combinations, each combination in the list of combinations corresponding to a corresponding distortion target associated with the analog signal.

29. A first device, the first device comprising: A processing system, comprising processor circuitry and memory circuitry for storing code, is configured to cause the first device to: The input signal is encoded to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters. The analog decoding scheme includes mapping operations and shaping operations, and the set of parameters includes at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. Send a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; as well as The control message, which includes the encoded analog signal, is transmitted via one or more channels, based at least in part on the set of transmission indication parameters.

30. A method for wireless communication at a first device, the method comprising: The input signal is encoded to obtain an encoded analog signal according to an analog decoding scheme and a set of parameters. The analog decoding scheme includes mapping operations and shaping operations, and the set of parameters includes at least mapping parameters associated with the mapping operation and shaping parameters associated with the shaping operation. Send a control message indicating the set of parameters associated with the analog decoding scheme; as well as The control message, which includes the encoded analog signal, is transmitted via one or more channels, based at least in part on the set of transmission indication parameters.

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