Turning equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses turning equipment, and particularly relates to the technical field of turning equipment.The turning equipment comprises a machining frame and a turning frame, a grid groove is formed in the top end of the machining frame and is of a cross-shaped structure, and a stable cutting assembly used for connection is arranged between the machining frame and the turning frame; the stable cutting assembly is used for keeping relative positioning and feeding stability between the workpiece and the turning tool and comprises a center limiting ring movably connected into the grid groove, a plurality of auxiliary fixing frames and a plurality of positioning claws, wherein the auxiliary fixing frames and the positioning claws are installed outside the center limiting ring. The auxiliary fixing frame and the center limiting ring cooperate to form a dynamic space axial guide reference, other four degrees of freedom, except for rotation around the axis of the workpiece and translation along the axis, of the workpiece can be restrained, when the workpiece moves in a channel formed by the reference, the actual physical axis of the workpiece can be continuously compared with the space axial guide reference and is slightly corrected, and the precision of the workpiece is improved. And further, a stable central axis is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turning equipment technology, and specifically to a turning machine. Background Technology

[0002] Turning equipment is a common piece of equipment in the machining field. It uses the rotational motion of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool (turning insert) as the primary motion, and the linear or curved movement of the tool as the feed motion. By removing excess material from the rotating workpiece, it achieves the desired shape, size, and surface quality of the workpiece. The performance of indexable carbide inserts used in turning is defined by the dual characteristics of "indexable" and "carbide": "Indexable" refers to the insert's operational characteristics. These inserts are typically designed with polygonal structures such as triangles, rhombuses, and squares, possessing multiple usable cutting edges. When a single cutting edge wears or breaks, the clamping mechanism can be released, rotating the insert by a certain angle to activate a new cutting edge, thus significantly improving tool utilization and reducing machining costs. "Carbide" refers to the material characteristics of the insert; its base material is usually cemented carbide, ceramics, cubic boron nitride (CBN), or... Superhard materials such as diamond endow cutting tools with excellent properties such as high hardness, high wear resistance, and high temperature resistance. As a core process in the field of mechanical manufacturing, the machining accuracy and efficiency of turning largely depend on the positioning and clamping quality of the workpiece on the lathe. At present, turning equipment generally uses rigid chucks as workpiece positioning and clamping structures. The centering process of this structure essentially relies on the radial synchronous closing motion of the jaws or collet to forcibly correct the outer surface of the workpiece to the theoretical center position of the chuck. During this correction process, severe sliding friction and impact will occur between the jaws and the workpiece surface, which can easily form irreversible clamping damage such as scratches and indentations on the machined surface of the workpiece or the surface of soft materials. If the clamping force is deliberately reduced in order to protect the workpiece surface, the positioning and clamping stability of the workpiece will be lost, which will directly affect the overall stability and machining quality of the workpiece turning. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a turning device to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A turning device includes a machining stand and a turning stand. The top of the machining stand is provided with a grid groove, and the grid groove is configured as a cross shape. A cutting stabilizing component is provided between the machining stand and the turning stand for connection. The cutting stabilizing component is used to maintain the relative positioning and feed stability between the workpiece and the turning tool. The stabilizing assembly includes a centering ring movably connected inside the grid groove and several auxiliary fixing frames and several positioning claws respectively installed outside the centering ring. The auxiliary fixing frames and positioning claws are symmetrically arranged outside the centering ring. A flexible abutment is installed on one side of each auxiliary fixing frame, and a toothed limiting frame is fixedly connected to one side of each positioning claw. An electric push rod is fixedly connected to one side of the processing frame, and the electric push rod is used to drive the centering ring to move along the internal guide of the grid groove. A stabilizing component is provided in the space between one end of the limiting ring and the positioning claw, and the stabilizing component is used to keep the positioning claw and the outside of the workpiece clamped and fixed at multiple points. A rotary assembly is provided in the space between one end of the center-limiting ring and the auxiliary frame, and the rotary assembly is used to keep the auxiliary frame and the outside of the workpiece in multi-point guiding movement. A propulsion assembly is provided between the processing frame and the electric push rod, and the propulsion assembly is used to make the center-limiting ring move in multiple dimensions along the grid groove.

[0005] Preferably, the stabilizing component includes an outer ring tooth movably connected to one end of the limiting ring and a vertical support arm fixedly connected to the outside of the positioning claw, and the vertical support arm is used to support the positioning claw. A guide ring is installed at one end of the outer ring tooth, and a through groove is provided on the outside of the guide ring for guiding the vertical support arm to move. A swing assembly is provided between the limiting ring and the support arm, and the swing assembly is used to make the support arm swing along the through groove.

[0006] Preferably, the rocking assembly includes a ring sleeve and a centering column installed on the top of the support arm, and the end of the centering column away from the support arm is fixed to one end of the limiting ring. The top of the ring sleeve is provided with an annular hole for guiding the movement of the support arm. One end of the ring is movably connected to the inside of the guide ring, and the ring is used to constrain the movement direction of the support arm. One end of the limiting ring is fixedly connected to a first servo motor, and one end of the first servo motor is fixedly connected to a first gear that meshes with the outer ring teeth.

[0007] Preferably, the rotary assembly includes a stabilizing ring fixedly connected to one end of the limiting ring and a second gear fixedly connected to one end of the auxiliary frame. The stabilizing ring has an outer groove, and a gear ring frame is movably sleeved inside the groove. One end of the second gear passes through the ring groove and meshes with the gear ring frame. A second servo motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the stabilizing ring. One end of the second servo motor is fixedly connected to a drive gear that meshes with the gear ring frame. A tension assembly is provided between the auxiliary support frame and the flexible backing plate, and the tension assembly is used to make the flexible backing plate flexibly fit against the outside of the workpiece.

[0008] Preferably, the tension assembly includes a guide groove formed at the bottom of the auxiliary frame for guiding the movement of the flexible abutment plate and a support frame fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary frame. The top of the auxiliary frame is symmetrically provided with two traction grooves communicating with the inside of the guide groove. Each of the traction grooves is equipped with a return spring, the bottom of which is mounted on the top of the flexible abutment, and the return spring is used to stably move the flexible abutment along the guide groove.

[0009] Preferably, a torsion seat is fixedly connected to the top of the reset spring, a pressing plate is movably connected to one side of the tensioning frame, a vertical push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate, and one end of the vertical push rod passes through the tensioning frame and is fixedly connected to the top of the torsion seat. The top of the pressing plate is provided with an adjusting bolt, and the top of the auxiliary frame is provided with a threaded hole for the adjusting bolt to be screwed in. The adjusting bolt is used to push the pressing plate to move along one side of the support frame.

[0010] Preferably, the propulsion assembly includes a cross seat fixedly connected to the top of the processing frame and an arch support fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting ring. The cross seat is used to keep the electric push rod stable at the top of the processing frame. One end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to a pull plate. A cross bar is fixedly connected to the side of the cross seat near the electric push rod, and the cross bar and the pull plate of the electric push rod form a two-point support.

[0011] Preferably, a first abutment groove is provided on one side of the horizontal seat, a gear sleeve is installed on one side of the horizontal seat, and one end of the gear sleeve passes through the first abutment groove and the pull plate and is fixedly connected to one side of the arch support. A positioning rod is sleeved on the outside of the gear sleeve, the positioning rod is movably connected to the inside of the first abutment groove, and both sides of the positioning rod maintain stable contact with the inside of the first abutment groove. The top of the horizontal seat is provided with a second abutment groove that communicates with the interior of the first abutment groove, and the second abutment groove and the first abutment groove together form a C-shaped structure. A horizontal toothed plate that meshes with the gear sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal seat away from the horizontal bar, and the horizontal toothed plate is used to make the positioning rod move in multiple dimensions along the first abutment groove and the second abutment groove.

[0012] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: 1. This invention uses an auxiliary frame and a center-limiting ring to form a dynamic spatial axial guidance reference, which can constrain the workpiece's four degrees of freedom, excluding rotation around its own axis and translation along the axis. When the workpiece moves within the channel formed by this reference, its actual physical axis is continuously compared with and slightly corrected by this spatial axial guidance reference, thereby forming a stable central axis. This reference also provides segmented or continuous support along the workpiece's axial direction, ensuring that the entire length of the workpiece is in an optimal support state at any processing position. On this basis, the positioning claws and toothed limiters move towards and abut against the outer periphery of the workpiece, and then the four positioning claws and four toothed limiters move together... The first step applies clamping force to the workpiece to achieve an enveloping fit, which distributes the clamping stress evenly over a larger contact area. This ensures that the clamping envelope formed by the four jaws conforms to the actual cross-section of the workpiece, rather than forcibly correcting the workpiece to the theoretical geometric center. This positioning method not only significantly reduces the clamping deformation of the workpiece, but also achieves stress isolation between the clamping area and the final machining area. This ensures that the deformation of the workpiece during machining is only affected by the cutting force, avoiding interference from unbalanced clamping forces. At the same time, it completely eliminates the collision and friction damage to the workpiece during the initial positioning stage, effectively improving the overall stability and machining quality of the workpiece turning process. 2. The present invention, through the setting of positioning claws and tooth limit frame, and the inclined structure of tooth limit frame, generates a component force perpendicular to the workpiece surface, pointing towards the root of the tooth and forming a certain angle with the workpiece surface. This component force helps to stabilize the workpiece at the bottom of the tooth valley, rather than simply squeezing it. This changes the stress state near the workpiece surface. Thus, the positioning claws and tooth limit frame together form a combination of high rigidity and local high stress at the tooth tip, achieving the synergistic effect of overall flexible contact and local rigid anchoring, and improving the stability of workpiece turning. 3. In this invention, the flexible abutment first contacts the surface of the workpiece. Due to its flexibility, it can immediately adapt to the micro-geometric undulations of the workpiece surface. Then, its own local elastic deformation changes the contact surface from theoretical point contact or line contact to small area surface contact. Then, when the workpiece continues to move or is subjected to a slight lateral force, the flexible abutment follows the rigid constraint of the auxiliary frame to maintain the guiding function and ensure the stable internal movement of the workpiece towards the centering ring and positioning claw. 4. The present invention utilizes the flexible abutment plate, which has low thermal conductivity and certain heat capacity, to form a thermal resistance layer between the workpiece and the rigid body of the auxiliary frame. This slows down the heat conduction speed of the workpiece to the auxiliary frame and reduces the risk of deformation of the auxiliary frame due to uneven heating. 5. This invention moves the torsion seat to push the reset spring and the flexible abutment plate downward along the inside of the traction groove and the guide groove. Then, the contact position between the flexible abutment plate and the outside of the workpiece is adjusted so that after the flexible abutment plate contacts the workpiece, the squeezing force generated between the two causes the flexible abutment plate to push the reset spring in the opposite direction. The elastic compression degree of the reset spring between the torsion seat and the flexible abutment plate is adjusted so that the elastic force given by the reset spring to the top of the flexible abutment plate changes synchronously. This changes the tension between the flexible abutment plate and the workpiece, so that the flexible abutment plate is in the most compliant state, maximizing its micro-contour self-adaptation ability and achieving non-destructive guidance. 6. This invention uses a propulsion component to drive a center-limiting ring to complete multi-dimensional orderly motion during the workpiece feeding process. The first stage of horizontal movement allows the workpiece to smoothly leave the loading area, effectively avoiding interference with other workpieces and machine tool components, forming a safe exit action. The vertical movement is the core action to achieve workpiece end face flipping. This movement path is designed to be the shortest, reducing the torque required for rotational inertia and ensuring the stability of the movement process. Finally, the second stage of horizontal movement accurately delivers the flipped workpiece to the target machining position, achieving precise alignment with the turning tool, so that the workpiece is transferred to the new machining position in a damage-free state. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the processing frame of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning claw of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth limiter structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A in the image; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the annular groove of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the tension component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the propulsion component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first motion state of the limiting ring of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second motion state of the limiting ring of the present invention; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the turning tool in this invention.

[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Machining stand; 11. Turning stand; 12. Turning tool; 13. Mesh groove; 2. Machining stabilizer assembly; 21. Micellar ring; 22. Auxiliary support; 23. Positioning claw; 24. Electric push rod; 25. Tooth limiter; 26. Flexible stop plate; 121. Tool groove; 122. Tool body; 123. Positioning hole; 124. Turning tool carrier; 3. Stabilizing component; 31. Guide ring; 32. Outer ring tooth; 33. Through groove; 34. Centering column; 35. Vertical support arm; 36. Ring sleeve; 37. Ring hole; 38. First servo motor; 39. First gear; 4. Rotary assembly; 41. Stabilizing ring; 42. Ring groove; 43. Second gear; 44. Gear ring frame; 45. Second servo motor; 46. Drive gear; 5. Tension assembly; 51. Support frame; 52. Guide groove; 53. Traction groove; 54. Return spring; 55. Torque seat; 56. Vertical push rod; 57. Press plate; 58. Adjusting bolt; 59. Threaded hole; 6. Propulsion assembly; 61. Cross seat; 62. Arch support; 63. Pull plate; 64. Cross bar; 65. First contact groove; 66. Second contact groove; 67. Gear sleeve; 68. Positioning rod; 69. Horizontal tooth plate. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown, a turning device includes a machining frame 1 and a turning frame 11. The top of the machining frame 1 is provided with a grid groove 13, and the grid groove 13 is configured as a cross-shaped structure. A cutting stabilizing component 2 is provided between the machining frame 1 and the turning frame 11 for connection. The cutting stabilizing component 2 is used to maintain the relative positioning and feed stability between the workpiece and the turning tool 12. The stabilizing assembly 2 includes a centering ring 21 movably connected inside the grid groove 13, and several auxiliary fixing frames 22 and several positioning claws 23 respectively installed outside the centering ring 21. The auxiliary fixing frames 22 and positioning claws 23 are symmetrically arranged outside the centering ring 21. A flexible abutment 26 is installed on one side of each auxiliary fixing frame 22, and a toothed limiting frame 25 is fixedly connected to one side of each positioning claw 23. An electric push rod 24 is fixedly connected to one side of the processing frame 1, and the electric push rod 24 is used to drive the centering ring 21 to move along the internal guide of the grid groove 13. A stabilizing component 3 is provided in the space between one end of the limiting ring 21 and the positioning claw 23. The stabilizing component 3 is used to keep the positioning claw 23 and the workpiece outside in a multi-point clamping and fixing manner. The stabilizing component 3 includes an outer ring tooth 32 movably connected to one end of the limiting ring 21 and a vertical support arm 35 fixedly connected to the outside of the positioning claw 23. The vertical support arm 35 is used to support the positioning claw 23. A guide ring 31 is installed at one end of the outer ring tooth 32. A through groove 33 is opened on the outside of the guide ring 31 for the vertical support arm 35 to move in a guiding manner. A swing assembly is provided between the centering ring 21 and the support arm 35, and the swing assembly is used to swing the support arm 35 along the through groove 33. The swing assembly includes a ring sleeve 36 and a centering column 34 installed on the top of the support arm 35. The end of the centering column 34 away from the support arm 35 is fixed to one end of the centering ring 21. The top of the ring sleeve 36 is provided with an annular hole 37 for guiding the movement of the support arm 35. One end of the ring 36 is movably connected to the inside of the guide ring 31, and the ring 36 is used to constrain the movement direction of the support arm 35; one end of the limiting ring 21 is fixedly connected to the first servo motor 38, and one end of the first servo motor 38 is fixedly connected to the first gear 39 that meshes with the outer ring tooth 32. The specific structure and principle of the turning stand 11 are all existing technologies; therefore, this structure is common knowledge in the field, and therefore has not been described in detail in this application. In addition, there are three auxiliary fixing brackets 22, and four positioning claws 23 and four tooth limit brackets 25. The three auxiliary fixing brackets 22, four positioning claws 23 and four tooth limit brackets 25 are arranged in an array around the outer periphery of the limiting ring 21, and the auxiliary fixing brackets 22 and positioning claws 23 are symmetrically arranged on the outer periphery of the limiting ring 21. The flexible abutment 26 has low thermal conductivity due to its own material properties. With a certain heat capacity, a thermal resistance layer can be formed between the workpiece and the rigid body of the auxiliary frame 22, which not only slows down the heat conduction rate of the workpiece to the auxiliary frame 22, but also effectively reduces the risk of the auxiliary frame 22 deforming due to uneven heating. In addition, the number of ring sleeves 36, vertical support arms 35, centering columns 34 and ring holes 37 are consistent with those of positioning claws 23, and each component is matched with the other. The number of tension components 5 and flexible abutment plates 26 are consistent with those of the auxiliary frame 22, and both are matched with the auxiliary frame 22.

[0018] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a rotary assembly 4 is provided in the space between one end of the centering ring 21 and the auxiliary frame 22. The rotary assembly 4 is used to keep the auxiliary frame 22 and the workpiece moving in a multi-point guiding manner. The rotary assembly 4 includes a stabilizing ring 41 fixedly connected to one end of the centering ring 21 and a second gear 43 fixedly connected to one end of the auxiliary frame 22. The stabilizing ring 41 has an annular groove 42 on its outer side, and a toothed ring frame 44 is movably sleeved inside the annular groove 42. One end of the second gear 43 passes through the ring groove 42 and meshes with the gear ring frame 44. A second servo motor 45 is fixedly connected to the outside of the stabilizing ring 41. One end of the second servo motor 45 is fixedly connected to the drive gear 46 that meshes with the gear ring frame 44. A tension assembly 5 is provided between the auxiliary frame 22 and the flexible abutment 26, and the tension assembly 5 is used to make the flexible abutment 26 flexibly fit against the outside of the workpiece; the tension assembly 5 includes a guide groove 52 opened at the bottom of the auxiliary frame 22 for guiding the flexible abutment 26 to move, and a support frame 51 fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary frame 22; two traction grooves 53 symmetrically opened at the top of the auxiliary frame 22 and communicating with the inside of the guide groove 52. Each traction groove 53 is equipped with a return spring 54, and the bottom of the return spring 54 is installed on the top of the flexible abutment 26. The return spring 54 is used to stably move the flexible abutment 26 along the guide groove 52. The top of the return spring 54 is fixedly connected to a torsion seat 55. A pressing plate 57 is movably connected to one side of the tensioning frame 51. A vertical push rod 56 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate 57. One end of the vertical push rod 56 passes through the tensioning frame 51 and is fixedly connected to the top of the torsion seat 55. The top of the pressing plate 57 is provided with an adjusting bolt 58, and the top of the auxiliary frame 22 is provided with a threaded hole 59 for the adjusting bolt 58 to be screwed in. The adjusting bolt 58 is used to push the pressing plate 57 to move along one side of the support frame 51, and the pressing plate 57 and the adjusting bolt 58 are connected by a bearing.

[0019] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a propulsion assembly 6 is provided between the processing frame 1 and the electric push rod 24. The propulsion assembly 6 is used to make the center-limiting ring 21 move in multiple dimensions along the grid groove 13. The propulsion assembly 6 includes a horizontal seat 61 fixedly connected to the top of the processing frame 1 and an arch support 62 fixedly connected to the outside of the center-limiting ring 21. The horizontal seat 61 is used to keep the electric push rod 24 stable at the top of the processing frame 1. A pull plate 63 is fixedly connected to one end of the electric push rod 24. A horizontal bar 64 is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal seat 61 near the electric push rod 24. The horizontal bar 64 and the electric push rod 24 form a two-point support against the pull plate 63. A first contact groove 65 is provided on one side of the horizontal seat 61. A gear sleeve rod 67 is installed on one side of the horizontal seat 61. One end of the gear sleeve rod 67 passes through the first contact groove 65 and the pull plate 63 and is fixedly connected to one side of the arch support 62. A positioning rod 68 is sleeved on the outside of the gear sleeve rod 67. The positioning rod 68 is movably connected to the inside of the first contact groove 65, and both sides of the positioning rod 68 maintain stable contact with the inside of the first contact groove 65. The top of the horizontal seat 61 is provided with a second abutment groove 66 that communicates with the interior of the first abutment groove 65, and the second abutment groove 66 and the first abutment groove 65 together form a C-shaped structure. A horizontal toothed plate 69 that meshes with the gear sleeve rod 67 is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal seat 61 away from the horizontal bar 64, and the horizontal toothed plate 69 is used to make the positioning rod 68 move in multiple dimensions along the first abutment groove 65 and the second abutment groove 66.

[0020] refer to Figure 10 As shown, a turning machine includes a cutting tool body 122 and a turning cutting tool carrier 124. The turning cutting tool carrier 124 has a polygonal structure design, and its circumferential edges together form multiple cutting tool grooves 121. Each cutting tool groove 121 is fixed to the cutting tool body 122 by a clamping mechanism. The number of cutting tool grooves 121 is four to eight, and the cutting tool grooves 121 are arranged in a circular array around the circumferential edge of the turning cutting tool carrier 124. The four to eight cutting tool grooves 121 can be used to assemble multiple cutting tool bodies 122. After a single cutting tool wears out, it is only necessary to rotate the carrier to switch to the cutting tool of the next station to continue processing, without the need to frequently replace the entire turning cutting tool carrier 124. The multi-station reuse design significantly improves the utilization rate of the tool body, reduces the frequency of cutting tool consumables and tool replacement, and effectively reduces the consumable cost of turning processing. The blade body 122 is composed of a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge; A positioning hole 123 is provided at the center of the turning tool carrier 124. The inner wall of the positioning hole 123 is coated with a copper coating. This copper coating has physical properties similar to pure copper, which can improve the sealing and fit of the positioning hole and the connecting parts. Moreover, the coating is mainly composed of compressive stress, which can effectively enhance the bonding strength of the positioning hole, thereby optimizing the fixing reliability of the turning tool 12 and the turning stand 11. The turning stand 11 has a built-in clamping block, which further ensures the assembly stability by matching and clamping the turning tool 12 and the positioning hole 123. At the same time, the copper coating has relatively low hardness and has excellent shock absorption and buffering performance, which can alleviate the vibration impact generated by the turning tool 12 during long-term cutting, prevent the tool from cracking due to stress concentration, and ensure machining stability. The copper coating is prepared by supersonic cold spraying process, which gives the coating high density and excellent bonding strength. Furthermore, the polygonal structure design of the turning insert carrier 124 ensures the overall structural stability of the base body and significantly extends the service life of the insert. On the other hand, it maximizes the effective length of the cutting edge, making the cutting process smoother and more stable, and endows the cutting edge with a certain self-sharpening characteristic. At the same time, it improves the impact resistance of the tool tip and the fatigue resistance of the cutting area. The polygonal structure also has a reasonable tool tip angle, which not only ensures cutting accuracy, but also allows for a larger depth of cut with a longer cutting edge. The back force during the machining process is smaller, which further enhances the structural stability of the insert during use. The tool combines a TiN base layer, an AlTiN intermediate layer, a DLC diamond-like carbon coating, and a turning tool 12 to give the tool stable high-temperature performance and good impact resistance, improve the wear resistance of the tool, thereby increasing production efficiency, enabling higher machining speeds, extending the tool's lifespan, and reducing economic costs.

[0021] Working principle: When using: refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to achieve stable positioning and guiding feed of the workpiece near the turning stand 11, and to ensure that the turning stand 11 controls the turning tool 12 to complete the precise turning of the workpiece; First, according to the specifications of the workpiece, the contact surface between the auxiliary support frame 22 and the workpiece is adjusted. The second servo motor 45 drives the drive gear 46 to rotate inside the annular groove 42. The drive gear 46 meshes with the gear ring frame 44, causing the gear ring frame 44 to move guidely inside the annular groove 42. During rotation, the gear ring frame 44 maintains meshing with the second gear 43, thereby driving one of the second gears 43 to rotate synchronously inside the stabilizing ring 41 and the annular groove 42. This second gear 43 further drives one corresponding auxiliary support frame 22 to swing along one end of the limiting ring 21. The other two auxiliary support frames 22... The corresponding second gears 43 rotate synchronously, and finally the three auxiliary fixed frames 22 rotate around one end of the centering ring 21, forming a dynamic spatial axial guidance reference together with the centering ring 21. This reference can constrain the workpiece's four degrees of freedom, except for rotation around its own axis and translation along the axis. When the workpiece moves within the channel formed by this reference, its actual physical axis will be continuously compared with the spatial guidance reference and slightly corrected to form a stable center line. The reference provides segmented or continuous support along the workpiece axis to ensure that the entire length of the workpiece is in the optimal support state at any processing position. refer to Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, secondly, when the workpiece moves within the channel formed by the auxiliary frame 22 and the limiting ring 21, and the contact force between the flexible abutment 26 and the workpiece needs to be adjusted, the adjusting bolt 58 is rotated. Because the adjusting bolt 58 and the pressing plate 57 are connected by a bearing, when the adjusting bolt 58 rotates spirally, its top protruding part abuts against the top of the pressing plate 57 and pushes the pressing plate 57 downward along one side of the support frame 51. At the same time, the adjusting bolt 58 remains engaged with the threaded hole 59, and its bottom moves deeper into the threaded hole 59, ensuring that the adjusting bolt 58 can stably push the pressing plate 57 during its movement. The downward movement of the pressing plate 57 drives the vertical push rod 56 to move downward synchronously along the inside of the support frame 51. The vertical push rod 56 pushes the torsion seat 55 to move along the inside of the traction groove 53, thereby pushing the return spring 54 and the flexible abutment 26 downward along the inside of the traction groove 53 and the guide groove 52, completing the flexible abutment movement. The adjustment of the contact position between the flexible abutment 26 and the workpiece's exterior: After the flexible abutment 26 contacts the workpiece, the squeezing force between the two will cause the flexible abutment 26 to push the return spring 54 in the opposite direction. By adjusting the elastic compression degree of the return spring 54 located between the torsion seat 55 and the flexible abutment 26, the elastic force applied by the return spring 54 to the top of the flexible abutment 26 can be changed simultaneously, thereby adjusting the tension between the flexible abutment 26 and the workpiece. The flexible abutment 26 is the first to contact the workpiece surface, and its own flexibility can instantly adapt to the micro-geometric undulations of the workpiece surface. Through local elastic deformation, the theoretical point contact or line contact between the two is transformed into a small area surface contact. When the workpiece continues to move or is subjected to a slight lateral force, the flexible abutment 26 follows the rigid constraint of the auxiliary frame 22 to maintain the guiding function, ensuring that the workpiece moves stably into the centering ring 21 and the positioning claw 23. refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, again, when the workpiece passes through the limiting ring 21 and moves into the interior of the four positioning claws 23, and the workpiece processing end is supported by the auxiliary frame 22, the first servo motor 38 drives the first gear 39 to rotate synchronously. The first gear 39 meshes with the outer ring gear 32, causing the outer ring gear 32 to rotate along one end of the limiting ring 21. The rotation of the outer ring gear 32 causes the guide ring 31 and the through groove 33 to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the ring sleeve 36 to move synchronously along its movement trajectory. The inside of the ring hole 37 on the ring sleeve 36 abuts against the outside of the vertical support arm 35, and the centering column 34 restricts the movement direction of the vertical support arm 35, so that during the process of the ring hole 37 pushing the vertical support arm 35, the vertical support arm 35 moves circumferentially around the outside of the centering column 34. The four positioning claws 23 and four toothed limiters 25 move and swing along the inside of the through groove 33, eventually driving the positioning claws 23 and toothed limiters 25 to move closer to the outside of the workpiece and come into contact with it. The four positioning claws 23 and four toothed limiters 25 apply clamping force to the workpiece, forming an envelope-like fit, so that the clamping stress is evenly distributed on a larger contact area, ensuring that the clamping envelope formed by the four claws conformally fits the actual cross section of the workpiece, rather than forcibly pulling the workpiece to the theoretical geometric center. This not only greatly reduces the clamping deformation of the workpiece, but also achieves stress isolation between the clamping area and the final processing area, so that the deformation of the workpiece during the processing is only affected by the cutting force, avoiding the interference of unbalanced clamping force, and completely eliminating the collision and friction damage of the workpiece in the initial positioning stage. refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, finally, after the workpiece is positioned without damage, it is steadily fed towards the turning tool 12; the telescopic end of the electric push rod 24 performs a telescopic movement, driving the pull plate 63 to move along the direction of force. The pull plate 63 moves along the outer guide of the crossbar 64, and simultaneously drives the arch support 62 and the gear sleeve 67 to move; the movement of the arch support 62 drives the limiting ring 21 to move laterally along the inside of the grid groove 13. During this process, the inside of the grid groove 13 and the outside of the limiting ring 21 remain in contact. At the same time, the movement of the gear sleeve 67 drives the positioning rod 68 to move along the inner end guide of the first contact groove 65. The outside of the positioning rod 68 abuts against the inside of the first contact groove 65, restricting the rotation of the gear sleeve 67 along the first contact groove 65 and the inside of the pull plate 63. The electric push rod 24 Continuous driving causes the gear sleeve 67 and the positioning rod 68 to gradually move from the inside of the first contact groove 65 to the inside of the second contact groove 66. The second contact groove 66 is a hollow structure, which can release the restriction on the positioning rod 68 during this movement. When the gear sleeve 67 moves inside the second contact groove 66, it always maintains a meshing state with the transverse tooth plate 69. Therefore, during the horizontal movement of the pull plate 63, it will drive the gear sleeve 67 to mesh along the top of the transverse tooth plate 69, causing the positioning rod 68 to make an arc-shaped movement along the inside of the second contact groove 66. The gear sleeve 67 rotates along the inside of the pull plate 63, which simultaneously drives the arch support 62 to rotate along one side of the pull plate 63. The rotation of the arch support 62 then drives the limiting ring 21 to make an arc-shaped movement along the inside of the grid groove 13. refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, because the grid groove 13 has a cross-shaped structure and its internal staggered positions are hollow, it can effectively reduce the interference on the rotation process of the limiting ring 21. Under the drive of the gear sleeve rod 67, the movement trajectory of the limiting ring 21 is horizontal-arc-horizontal. After the limiting ring 21 completes the arc movement, it moves horizontally and re-abuts against the inside of the grid groove 13. At the same time, it completes the rotation of the workpiece during the feeding process, so that the workpiece processing end faces the turning tool 12. Then, the positioning rod 68 returns to the horizontal state inside the second contact groove 66 and moves along the inside of the second contact groove 66 to the inside end of the first contact groove 65. The positioning rod 68 and the end of the first contact groove 65 re-form a limiting position, ensuring that the workpiece maintains a stable relative position with the turning tool 12 after feeding. On this basis, the turning frame 11 drives the turning tool 12 to rotate, removing excess material from the workpiece, and finally realizing the processing of the workpiece with the required shape, size and surface quality.

[0022] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turning device, comprising a machining frame (1) and a turning stand (11), wherein the top end of the machining frame (1) is provided with a grid groove (13), and the grid groove (13) is configured as a cross-shaped structure, characterized in that: A stabilizing assembly (2) is provided between the machining frame (1) and the turning frame (11) for connection, and the stabilizing assembly (2) is used to maintain the relative positioning and feed stability between the workpiece and the turning tool (12); The stabilizing assembly (2) includes a centering ring (21) movably connected inside the grid groove (13) and several auxiliary fixing frames (22) and several positioning claws (23) respectively installed outside the centering ring (21). The auxiliary fixing frames (22) and positioning claws (23) are symmetrically arranged outside the centering ring (21). A flexible abutment (26) is installed on one side of each auxiliary fixing frame (22), and a toothed limiting frame (25) is fixedly connected to one side of each positioning claw (23). An electric push rod (24) is fixedly connected to one side of the processing frame (1), and the electric push rod (24) is used to drive the centering ring (21) to move along the internal guide of the grid groove (13). A stabilizing component (3) is provided in the space between one end of the limiting ring (21) and the positioning claw (23), and the stabilizing component (3) is used to keep the positioning claw (23) and the outside of the workpiece clamped and fixed at multiple points; A rotary assembly (4) is provided in the space between one end of the limiting ring (21) and the auxiliary frame (22), and the rotary assembly (4) is used to make the auxiliary frame (22) maintain multi-point guiding movement with respect to the outside of the workpiece; A propulsion assembly (6) is provided between the processing frame (1) and the electric push rod (24), and the propulsion assembly (6) is used to make the center-limiting ring (21) move in multiple dimensions along the grid groove (13).

2. The turning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizing component (3) includes an outer ring tooth (32) movably connected to one end of the limiting ring (21) and a vertical support arm (35) fixedly connected to the outside of the positioning claw (23). The vertical support arm (35) is used to support the positioning claw (23). A guide ring (31) is installed at one end of the outer ring tooth (32). A through groove (33) is opened on the outside of the guide ring (31) for the vertical support arm (35) to move. A swing assembly is provided between the limiting ring (21) and the upright arm (35), and the swing assembly is used to make the upright arm (35) swing along the through groove (33).

3. A turning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The swing assembly includes a ring sleeve (36) and a centering column (34) installed on the top of the support arm (35). The end of the centering column (34) away from the support arm (35) is fixed to one end of the limiting ring (21). The top of the ring sleeve (36) is provided with an annular hole (37) for guiding the movement of the support arm (35). One end of the ring sleeve (36) is movably connected to the inside of the guide ring (31), and the ring sleeve (36) is used to constrain the movement direction of the support arm (35); One end of the limiting ring (21) is fixedly connected to a first servo motor (38), and one end of the first servo motor (38) is fixedly connected to a first gear (39) that meshes with the outer ring gear (32).

4. A turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary assembly (4) includes a stabilizing ring (41) fixedly connected to one end of the limiting ring (21) and a second gear (43) fixedly connected to one end of the auxiliary frame (22). The stabilizing ring (41) has an annular groove (42) on its outside, and a gear ring frame (44) is movably sleeved inside the annular groove (42). One end of the second gear (43) passes through the ring groove (42) and meshes with the gear ring frame (44). The outside of the stabilizing ring (41) is fixedly connected to a second servo motor (45), and one end of the second servo motor (45) is fixedly connected to a drive gear (46) that meshes with the gear ring frame (44). A tension assembly (5) is provided between the auxiliary support frame (22) and the flexible abutment plate (26), and the tension assembly (5) is used to make the flexible abutment plate (26) flexibly fit against the outside of the workpiece.

5. A turning machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tension assembly (5) includes a guide groove (52) opened at the bottom of the auxiliary frame (22) for guiding the movement of the flexible abutment (26) and a support frame (51) fixedly connected to the top of the auxiliary frame (22). The top of the auxiliary frame (22) is symmetrically provided with two traction grooves (53) that communicate with the inside of the guide groove (52). Each of the traction grooves (53) is equipped with a return spring (54), and the bottom of the return spring (54) is mounted on the top of the flexible abutment (26), and the return spring (54) is used to stably move the flexible abutment (26) along the guide groove (52).

6. A turning machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the reset spring (54) is fixedly connected to a torsion seat (55), and a pressing plate (57) is movably connected to one side of the tensioning frame (51). A vertical push rod (56) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing plate (57), and one end of the vertical push rod (56) passes through the tensioning frame (51) and is fixedly connected to the top of the torsion seat (55). The top of the pressing plate (57) is provided with an adjusting bolt (58), and the top of the auxiliary frame (22) is provided with a threaded hole (59) for the adjusting bolt (58) to be screwed in. The adjusting bolt (58) is used to push the pressing plate (57) to move along one side of the support frame (51).

7. A turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The propulsion assembly (6) includes a cross seat (61) fixedly connected to the top of the processing frame (1) and an arch support (62) fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting ring (21). The cross seat (61) is used to keep the electric push rod (24) stable at the top of the processing frame (1). One end of the electric push rod (24) is fixedly connected to a pull plate (63). The cross seat (61) is fixedly connected to a cross bar (64) on the side near the electric push rod (24). The cross bar (64) and the electric push rod (24) form a two-point support against the pull plate (63).

8. A turning machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A first abutment groove (65) is provided on one side of the horizontal seat (61), and a gear sleeve rod (67) is installed on one side of the horizontal seat (61). One end of the gear sleeve rod (67) passes through the first abutment groove (65) and the pull plate (63) and is fixedly connected to one side of the arch support (62). A positioning rod (68) is sleeved on the outside of the gear sleeve rod (67). The positioning rod (68) is movably connected to the inside of the first abutment groove (65), and both sides of the positioning rod (68) maintain stable contact with the inside of the first abutment groove (65). The top of the horizontal seat (61) is provided with a second abutment groove (66) that communicates with the interior of the first abutment groove (65), and the second abutment groove (66) and the first abutment groove (65) together form a C-shaped structure. A horizontal toothed plate (69) that meshes with the gear sleeve rod (67) is fixedly connected to the side of the horizontal seat (61) away from the horizontal bar (64), and the horizontal toothed plate (69) is used to make the positioning rod (68) move in multiple dimensions along the first abutment groove (65) and the second abutment groove (66).

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