Anti-puncture drainage textile geotextile material based on stress regulation and control and preparation method of anti-puncture drainage textile geotextile material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geosynthetic materials, and discloses an anti-puncture drainage textile geotextile material based on stress regulation and a preparation method thereof, and the anti-puncture drainage textile geotextile material comprises a flexible anti-puncture control layer, a three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer and a drainage filter layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. And the flexible puncture-resistant control layer is formed by low-viscosity dipping-high-viscosity surface blade coating and ultraviolet curing. According to the composite geotechnical cloth, the bursting strength, the dynamic anti-perforation performance and the performance retention rate after abrasion are improved while a drainage channel is kept, and the composite geotechnical cloth is suitable for high-speed railway ballast beds, macadam roadbeds and geotechnical engineering structures bearing repeated dynamic loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geosynthetic materials technology, specifically to a stress-controlled puncture-resistant drainage textile geosynthetic material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As high-speed railway construction moves towards higher speeds and heavier loads, the stability of ballasted track bed, as a key structure bearing the dynamic loads of trains, directly affects train safety. The geotextile at the bottom of the track bed, acting as an isolation and filter layer, is constantly subjected to the pressure of sharp gravel above, vibration and friction, and the erosion of groundwater below. In this complex service environment, the geotextile must possess extremely high puncture resistance to prevent damage from gravel, while also maintaining excellent permeability and drainage performance to quickly drain accumulated water from the track bed and prevent mudslides and other damage.

[0003] However, existing geotextile reinforcement technologies often fall into a dilemma of addressing one aspect while sacrificing another. To solve the problems of insufficient strength and susceptibility to puncture in ordinary nonwoven geotextiles, current technologies generally employ densification or hardening methods such as increasing the material's surface density, using composite high-modulus grids, or applying rigid resin coatings. While these methods improve the material's resistance to static puncture to some extent, they bring negative effects. First, the significant increase in rigidity inevitably exacerbates stress concentration problems. Traditional rigid dense layers lack flexibility and stress dissipation mechanisms. When subjected to the instantaneous high-energy impact of sharp-angled gravel, stress cannot be effectively dispersed within the material but concentrates at the contact point, easily leading to brittle fracture. Once local damage occurs, cracks will rapidly propagate along the dense layer, causing the protective system to fail instantly. Second, the densification or full impregnation coating processes adopted to pursue puncture resistance severely sacrifice the geotextile's pore structure and drainage function. Rigid resin often fills the gaps between fibers, forming a closed membrane structure, which significantly reduces the material's vertical permeability coefficient. This blockage effect prevents water from draining from the roadbed in a timely manner. Long-term water accumulation softens the roadbed, accelerating its settlement and damage. Furthermore, the existing rigid coatings and fiber substrates are mostly physically bonded, making them prone to interfacial peeling under long-term vibration and water erosion. The detached coating fragments further clog drainage channels, creating a vicious cycle.

[0004] Therefore, how to overcome the inherent contradiction that the strength and permeability of traditional materials are negatively correlated, and develop a composite geotextile that can resist sharp punctures and crack propagation by effectively dissipating stress, while retaining internal through-pores to maintain long-term efficient drainage function, is a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of high-speed railway engineering materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a puncture-resistant drainage textile geotextile based on stress regulation and its preparation method, so as to solve the problem that existing geotextiles increase stress concentration and sacrifice drainage performance while improving puncture resistance rigidity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a stress-controlled puncture-resistant drainage textile geomaterial, comprising a flexible puncture-resistant control layer, a three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer, and a drainage filter layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Preferably, the flexible puncture-resistant control layer is connected to the three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer and the drainage filter layer by one of the following methods: point-like thermal bonding, local bonding, or mechanical entanglement.

[0007] Preferably, the flexible puncture-resistant control layer allows controlled local penetration of gravel, but disperses stress through an internal slip ring network, so that the load is uniformly diffused when transferred to the three-dimensional drainage guide layer, thereby avoiding concentrated crushing of the drainage structure.

[0008] Preferably, the three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer serves as the intermediate load-bearing and drainage core structure. It forms a stable high-pore drainage space through three-dimensional support yarns, which can maintain the internal channel from collapsing even when subjected to the pressure of gravel above the track bed, thereby ensuring the rapid drainage of vertical and in-plane water flow.

[0009] Preferably, the drainage filter layer achieves soil particle back-filtration and classification control through its adaptive pore structure, which not only prevents fine particles from entering the interior of the three-dimensional drainage guide layer, but also ensures smooth water flow, thereby constructing a long-term stable hydraulic protection system.

[0010] Preferably, the three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer is a warp-knitted spaced fabric structure, consisting of an upper surface layer, a lower surface layer, and supporting yarns connecting the two, forming a three-dimensional hollow structure with a through drainage channel.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer is 8-15mm, the porosity is not less than 85%, and the surface density is 300-800g / m².

[0012] Preferably, the drainage filter layer is a polypropylene or polyester filament needle-punched nonwoven fabric.

[0013] Preferably, the equivalent pore size O95 of the drainage filter layer is 60-100μm, the unit area mass is 200-400g / m², and the vertical permeability coefficient is not less than 0.1cm / s.

[0014] Preferably, the composite geotextile is suitable for use in high-speed railway trackbeds, gravel roadbeds, or geotechnical engineering structures subjected to repeated dynamic loads.

[0015] The preparation steps of the flexible puncture-resistant control layer are as follows: S1: Polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile substrate is immersed in a buffer solution containing dopamine hydrochloride and undergoes auto-oxidative polymerization under aerobic conditions to form a polydopamine active layer on the fiber surface; after washing and drying, it is then immersed in a toluene system containing 3-isocyanatetriethoxysilane for grafting reaction to obtain modified geotextile substrate. S2: ZIF-8 powder was activated and dispersed in an ethanol solution to form a suspension. Then, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and a grafting reaction was carried out under reflux conditions to anchor the coupling agent to the crystal surface. The resulting reaction product was centrifuged, washed, dried and ground to obtain amino-modified ZIF-8 powder. S3: Prepare linear polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution respectively. After mixing them, let them stand, centrifuge, dry them and redisperse them in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Then add 2-ethyl methacrylate isocyanate and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine to carry out the end-capping reaction. Finally, add the photoinitiator and dissolve it to obtain a low-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. S4: Prepare linear polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution respectively. After mixing them, let them stand, centrifuge, dry them and redisperse them in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Then add 2-ethyl methacrylate isocyanate, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine to carry out the end-capping reaction. Finally, add the photoinitiator and dissolve it to obtain a high-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. S5: First, the modified geotextile substrate is completely immersed in a low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and ultrasonically assisted in impregnation. After removal, excess liquid is squeezed out to saturate the fiber bundles with liquid and prevent obvious liquid accumulation on the surface. Then, a high-viscosity flexible impregnation slurry is evenly coated onto the wet geotextile surface. Subsequently, it is irradiated and cured under 365nm ultraviolet light for 8-12 minutes to obtain a flexible puncture-resistant control layer.

[0016] Preferably, the molar concentration of the buffer solution in step S1 is 10 mM, which is formed by mixing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer and deionized water, adjusting the pH to 8.5 by adding sodium hydroxide solution, and then adding dopamine hydrochloride. Preferably, the self-oxidative polymerization reaction in step S1 is carried out at room temperature for 10-14 hours.

[0017] Preferably, the grafting reaction in step S1 is carried out at a temperature of 45-55°C for 3-5 hours.

[0018] Preferably, the weight ratio of polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile and propyltriethoxysilane 3-isocyanate in step S1 is 90-110g:9-11g.

[0019] Preferably, the polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile described in step S1 is an industrial grade, spunbond needle-punched nonwoven fabric with an areal density of 300-500 g / m². 2 The breaking strength is ≥15kN / m.

[0020] Preferably, the weight ratio of ZIF-8 powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in step S2 is 14-16g:1.8-2.2mL.

[0021] Preferably, the ZIF-8 powder in step S2 has a D50 of 4.9 μm and a specific surface area of ​​1300-1800 m². 2 / g.

[0022] Preferably, the activation treatment in step S2 is a vacuum activation treatment at 100°C.

[0023] Preferably, the grafting reaction in step S2 is carried out at a temperature of 75-85°C for 10-14 hours.

[0024] Preferably, the weight ratio of linear polyethylene glycol, α-cyclodextrin, ethyl methacrylate 2-isocyanate, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine and photoinitiator in step S3 is 19-21g:9-11g:2.8-3.2g:1.8-2.2g:0.9-1.1g.

[0025] Preferably, the linear polyethylene glycol in step S3 has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 20,000.

[0026] Preferably, the end-capping reaction in step S3 is carried out at a temperature of 55-65°C for 3-5 hours.

[0027] Preferably, the photoinitiator in step S3 is photoinitiator 2959.

[0028] Preferably, the weight ratio of linear polyethylene glycol, α-cyclodextrin, ethyl methacrylate 2-isocyanate, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, and photoinitiator in step S4 is 9-11g:4.5-5.5g:1.8-2.2g:14-16g:0.9-1.1g:0.9-1.1g.

[0029] Preferably, the end-capping reaction in step S4 is carried out at a temperature of 75-85°C for 5-7 hours.

[0030] Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light in step S5 is 365 nm and the light intensity is 45-55 mW / cm². 2 The curing time is 8-12 minutes.

[0031] Preferably, the ultrasonic-assisted impregnation time in step S5 is 8-12 minutes.

[0032] Preferably, the coating thickness in step S5 is 0.9-1.1 mm.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention successfully resolves the technical contradiction of simultaneously achieving puncture resistance and drainage performance through innovative molecular topology network design and a stepwise gradient curing process. First, this invention utilizes a step-by-step process of low-viscosity infiltration followed by high-viscosity coating to construct a gradient structure at the microscopic level that is both rigid on the outside and flexible on the inside, with unobstructed pores. Unlike traditional full impregnation processes that can lead to pore blockage, this invention uses a low-viscosity flexible liquid to impregnate and modify only the internal fiber bundles, preserving the original drainage channels between the fibers; while the high-viscosity slurry on the surface utilizes thixotropy to form a film only on the surface. This design provides the geotextile with a hard outer layer to resist the penetration of sharp stones while ensuring sufficient permeability pathways inside, achieving a perfect coexistence of high puncture resistance and high permeability.

[0034] Secondly, the polyrotaxane slip ring topology network introduced in this invention solves the problems of stress concentration and brittle fracture caused by rigidity enhancement at the molecular level. Utilizing the free-sliding properties of α-cyclodextrin on the molecular chain, this molecular pulley mechanism can rapidly disperse the concentrated stress at the point of impact of sharp-edged debris, transforming traditional hard resistance into flexible energy dissipation. This not only significantly improves the fracture toughness of the material and inhibits crack propagation after failure, but also effectively avoids brittle fracture caused by excessive stiffness, significantly extending the service life of the material under dynamic impact environments.

[0035] Furthermore, this invention employs aminated ZIF-8 nanocages as functional fillers and achieves chemical bonding between them and the matrix through photocuring technology. The porous cage structure of ZIF-8 not only efficiently dissipates impact energy through friction, but the stable covalent bonds formed between it and the matrix also solve the problem of easy peeling and detachment of traditional rigid coatings. This chemical anchoring effect ensures that the rigid protective layer will not separate from the substrate during long-term service, avoiding blockage of drainage pores caused by coating detachment, thus endowing the material with extremely stable structural integrity and hydraulic properties throughout its entire life cycle.

[0036] Finally, the dynamic quadruple hydrogen bond network and covalent cross-linked network introduced in this invention interweave to construct multiple energy dissipation mechanisms. When faced with the instantaneous strong impact of track bed gravel, the preferential breaking of hydrogen bonds absorbs a large amount of energy, protecting the main network skeleton; and the reversible recombination property of hydrogen bonds endows the material with the ability to self-heal micro-damage, further ensuring the reliability of protection under extreme working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the composite geotextile obtained in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible puncture-resistant control layer obtained in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local stress and stress diffusion of the composite geotextile obtained in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage path of the composite geotextile obtained in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0038] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Flexible puncture-resistant control layer; 2. Three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer; 3. Drainage filter layer; 101. PET fiber bundle substrate; 102. Fiber surface modification layer; 103. Impregnation layer; 104. Slip ring; 105. ZIF-8 nanoparticles; 201. Upper fiber web; 202. Support yarn; 203. Lower fiber web; 204. Drainage space; 4. Crushed stone layer; 5. Local load; 6. Stress diffusion path; 7. Seepage water; 8. Drainage channel. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0040] The sources or properties of the raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are as follows: Polyethylene terephthalate geotextile: Industrial grade, filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven fabric, with an areal density of 300 g / m². 2 -500g / m 2 Tensile strength ≥15kN / m; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer: 1M, pH 8.0; Linear polyethylene glycol: Number average molecular weight (Mn) 20000; α-Cyclodextrin: Purity ≥98%; Photoinitiator 2959: Purity 98%, Sigma-Aldrich 410896; ZIF-8 powder: Basolite Z1200, D50 4.9μm, specific surface area 1300-1800m² 2 / g.

[0041] Example 1: A method for preparing a puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile based on stress regulation, the specific steps of which are as follows: (1) Take tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer and deionized water, add sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 8.5 to form a buffer solution with a molar concentration of 10 mM. Then add 1.8-2.2 g of dopamine hydrochloride to dissolve and immediately immerse 90 g of polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile substrate completely in the buffer solution. Stir mechanically at room temperature for 10 h. Take it out and wash it 3 times with deionized water and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 6 h. Then immerse the dried geotextile in 450 mL of anhydrous toluene containing 9 g of 3-propyltriethoxysilane. Seal and stir at 45 ℃ for 3 h. Take it out and dry it to obtain the modified geotextile substrate. (2) Take 14g of ZIF-8 powder, activate it under vacuum at 100℃, disperse it in 430mL of 95% ethanol solution, and transfer it to a three-necked flask after ultrasonic vibration for 30min to form a uniform suspension. Then, slowly add 1.8mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under magnetic stirring, heat to 75℃ and reflux for 10h. The product is separated by centrifugation at 8000rpm and washed three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove free silane. After vacuum drying at 60℃ for 24h and grinding, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder is obtained.

[0042] (3) Take 19g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 90mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 9g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 70mL of deionized water to form an α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 190mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 2.8g of 2-ethyl methacrylate and 1.8g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 55℃ for 3h. Finally, add 0.9g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min under room temperature and strict light protection conditions until the photoinitiator is completely dissolved and the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a low-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. (4) Take 9g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 45mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 4.5g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 35mL of deionized water to form a saturated α-cyclodextrin solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 90mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 1.8g of 2-ethyl methacrylate, 14g of amino-modified ZIF-8 powder and 0.9g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 75℃ for 5h. Finally, add 0.9g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min at room temperature and under strict light protection until the photoinitiator is evenly dispersed and the system is a homogeneous, high-viscosity flexible impregnation slurry without obvious agglomeration and short-term sedimentation. (5) The modified geotextile substrate is completely immersed in the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and ultrasonically impregnated for 8 minutes. After removal, excess liquid is squeezed out using a double-roller extruder to ensure that the fiber bundles are fully saturated with the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and that there is no liquid accumulation on the surface. Then, the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid is evenly coated onto the upper surface of the wet geotextile, with the coating thickness controlled at 1 mm. The high thixotropy and viscosity difference of the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid are used to ensure that it adheres to the surface without deep penetration. Then, it is placed in a light source with a wavelength of 365 nm and a light intensity of 45 mW / cm. 2 After curing under ultraviolet light for 8 minutes, the solvent and unreacted monomers were removed by washing with anhydrous ethanol and then vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible puncture-resistant control layer. Finally, this layer was combined with a 10 mm thick warp-knitted spacer fabric drainage layer and a 75 μm pore size polypropylene filament needle-punched nonwoven filter layer by a dot-matrix thermal bonding process to obtain a stress-controlled puncture-resistant drainage textile geomaterial.

[0043] Example 2: A method for preparing a puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile based on stress regulation, the specific steps of which are as follows: Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer and deionized water were mixed and then sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.5 to form a buffer solution with a molar concentration of 10 mM. Then, 2.0 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added to dissolve it, and 100 g of polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile substrate was immediately immersed completely in the buffer solution. The reaction was mechanically stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After removal, it was washed 3 times with deionized water and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 6 h. Then, the dried geotextile was immersed in 500 mL of anhydrous toluene containing 10 g of 3-propyltriethoxysilane and reacted under sealed stirring at 50 °C for 4 h. After removal and drying, the modified geotextile substrate was obtained. (2) Take 15g of ZIF-8 powder, activate it under vacuum at 100℃, disperse it in 450mL of 95% ethanol solution, and transfer it to a three-necked flask after ultrasonic vibration for 30min to form a uniform suspension. Then, slowly add 2.0mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under magnetic stirring, heat to 80℃ and reflux for 12h. The product is separated by centrifugation at 8000rpm and washed three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove free silane. After vacuum drying at 60℃ for 24h and grinding, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder is obtained.

[0044] (3) Take 20g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 100mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 10g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 80mL of deionized water to form an α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 200mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 3g of 2-ethyl methacrylate and 2g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 60℃ for 4h. Finally, add 1.0g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min at room temperature and under strict light protection until the photoinitiator is completely dissolved and the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a low-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. (4) Take 10g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 50mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 5.0g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 40mL of deionized water to form a saturated α-cyclodextrin solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 100mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 2.0g of 2-ethyl methacrylate, 15g of amino-modified ZIF-8 powder and 1.0g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 80℃ for 6h. Finally, add 1.0g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min at room temperature and under strict light protection until the photoinitiator is evenly dispersed and the system is a homogeneous, high-viscosity flexible impregnation slurry without obvious agglomeration and short-term sedimentation. (5) The modified geotextile substrate is completely immersed in the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and ultrasonically impregnated for 10 minutes. After removal, excess liquid is squeezed out using a double-roller extruder to ensure that the fiber bundles are fully saturated with the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and that there is no liquid accumulation on the surface. Then, the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid is evenly coated onto the upper surface of the wet geotextile, and the coating thickness is controlled to be 1.0 mm. The high thixotropy and viscosity difference of the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid are used to make it adhere to the surface without deep penetration. Then, it is placed in a light source with a wavelength of 365 nm and a light intensity of 50 mW / cm. 2 After curing under ultraviolet light for 10 minutes, the solvent and unreacted monomers were removed by washing with anhydrous ethanol and then vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible puncture-resistant control layer. Finally, this layer was combined with a 10 mm thick warp-knitted spacer fabric drainage layer and a 75 μm pore size polypropylene filament needle-punched nonwoven filter layer by a dot-matrix thermal bonding process to obtain a stress-controlled puncture-resistant drainage textile geomaterial.

[0045] Example 3: A method for preparing a puncture-resistant drainage textile geotextile based on stress regulation, the specific steps of which are as follows: Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer and deionized water were mixed and then sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.5 to form a buffer solution with a molar concentration of 10 mM. Then, 2.2 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added to dissolve it, and 110 g of polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile substrate was immediately immersed completely in the buffer solution. The reaction was mechanically stirred at room temperature for 14 h. After removal, it was washed three times with deionized water and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 6 h. Then, the dried geotextile was immersed in 550 mL of anhydrous toluene containing 11 g of 3-propyltriethoxysilane, and the reaction was sealed and stirred at 55 °C for 5 h. After removal and drying, the modified geotextile substrate was obtained. (2) Take 16g of ZIF-8 powder, activate it under vacuum at 100℃, disperse it in 470mL of 95% ethanol solution, and transfer it to a three-necked flask after ultrasonic vibration for 30min to form a uniform suspension. Then, slowly add 2.2mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane under magnetic stirring, heat to 85℃ and reflux for 14h. The product is separated by centrifugation at 8000rpm and washed three times with anhydrous ethanol to remove free silane. After vacuum drying at 60℃ for 24h and grinding, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder is obtained.

[0046] (3) Take 21g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 110mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 11g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 90mL of deionized water to form an α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 210mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 3.2g of 2-ethyl methacrylate and 2.2g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 65℃ for 5h. Finally, add 1.1g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min at room temperature and under strict light protection until the photoinitiator is completely dissolved and the solution is clear and transparent to obtain a low-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. (4) Take 11g of linear polyethylene glycol and add it to 55mL of deionized water. Stir to form a homogeneous linear polyethylene glycol solution. Take another 5.5g of α-cyclodextrin and dissolve it in 45mL of deionized water to form a saturated α-cyclodextrin solution. Mix the two and sonicate for 30min. Let it stand at room temperature for 24h. Collect the white paste-like pseudopolyrotaxane precipitate by centrifugation and freeze-dry for 48h to completely remove water. Disperse the dried product in 110mL of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Add 2.2g of 2-ethyl methacrylate, 16g of amino-modified ZIF-8 powder and 1.1g of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine. Seal and stir at 85℃ for 7h. Finally, add 1.1g of photoinitiator 2959. Stir at 500rpm for 30min at room temperature and under strict light protection until the photoinitiator is evenly dispersed and the system is a homogeneous, high-viscosity flexible impregnation slurry without obvious agglomeration and short-term sedimentation. (5) The modified geotextile substrate is completely immersed in the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and ultrasonically impregnated for 12 minutes. After removal, excess liquid is squeezed out using a double-roller extruder to ensure that the fiber bundles are fully saturated with the low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid and that there is no liquid accumulation on the surface. Then, the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid is evenly coated onto the upper surface of the wet geotextile, and the coating thickness is controlled to be 1.0 mm. The high thixotropy and viscosity difference of the high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid are used to make it adhere to the surface without deep penetration. Then, it is placed in a light source with a wavelength of 365 nm and a light intensity of 55 mW / cm. 2 After curing under ultraviolet light for 12 minutes, the solvent and unreacted monomers were removed by washing with anhydrous ethanol and then vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible puncture-resistant control layer. Finally, this layer was combined with a 10 mm thick warp-knitted spacer fabric drainage layer and a 75 μm pore size polypropylene filament needle-punched nonwoven filter layer by a dot-matrix thermal bonding process to obtain a stress-controlled puncture-resistant drainage textile geomaterial.

[0047] This invention provides a stress-regulated, puncture-resistant drainage geotextile, addressing the coupled failure challenges of gravel puncture, dynamic load impact, and drainage blockage faced by high-speed railway ballasted track beds during long-term service. It achieves a balance between puncture resistance and high permeability through a three-layer synergistic design. The composite geotextile consists of a flexible puncture-resistant control layer, a three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer, and a drainage filter layer, arranged from top to bottom. The flexible puncture-resistant control layer employs a step-by-step gradient curing process: first, a low-viscosity impregnating liquid penetrates the fiber bundles to form a flexible energy-dissipating network; then, a high-viscosity slurry is coated onto the surface to construct a rigid protective layer, forming a gradient structure of "rigid on the outside, flexible on the inside." This layer introduces a polyrotaxane slip ring topology network, utilizing the sliding effect of α-cyclodextrin on the molecular chain to diffuse the concentrated stress at the puncture point to the surrounding area, transforming rigid resistance into flexible energy dissipation; simultaneously, a quadruple hydrogen bond network enables multiple energy dissipation and micro-damage self-repair. Aminated ZIF-8 nanocages form chemical bonds with the matrix, ensuring that the rigid coating does not peel off under long-term vibration. The three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer uses warp-knitted spacer fabric, and the high porosity structure formed by the support yarn can keep the drainage channel unobstructed under pressure; the bottom drainage filter layer achieves reverse filtration and classification by precisely controlling the pore size to prevent fine particles from clogging it.

[0048] Under repeated dynamic load conditions such as high-speed railway track beds, this composite material can effectively resist the dynamic puncture and crack propagation of sharp gravel, and maintain long-term stable drainage performance, thus solving the technical bottleneck of traditional materials that are difficult to balance strength and permeability.

[0049] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

Claims

1. A puncture-resistant drainage textile geomaterial based on stress regulation, characterized in that, It includes, from top to bottom, a flexible anti-puncture control layer, a three-dimensional fiber drainage guide layer, and a drainage filter layer; The preparation steps of the flexible puncture-resistant control layer are as follows: S1: Polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile substrate is immersed in a buffer solution containing dopamine hydrochloride and undergoes auto-oxidative polymerization under aerobic conditions to form a polydopamine active layer on the fiber surface; after washing and drying, it is then immersed in a toluene system containing 3-isocyanatetriethoxysilane for grafting reaction to obtain modified geotextile substrate. S2: ZIF-8 powder was activated and then dispersed in an ethanol solution. Subsequently, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added to carry out a grafting reaction to obtain amino-modified ZIF-8 powder. S3: Linear polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution are mixed, dried and redispersed in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by the addition of 2-ethyl methacrylate isocyanate and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine for end-capping reaction, and finally a photoinitiator is added to obtain a low-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. S4: The linear polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and the α-cyclodextrin aqueous solution were mixed, dried and redispersed in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide. Then, 2-ethyl methacrylate is added, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine are added to carry out the end-capping reaction. Finally, a photoinitiator is added to obtain a high-viscosity flexible impregnation solution. S5: The modified geotextile substrate is immersed in a low-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid, and after being taken out, a high-viscosity flexible impregnation liquid is evenly coated on its surface. After being irradiated and cured under ultraviolet light, a flexible puncture-resistant control layer is formed.

2. The puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer is a warp-knitted spaced fabric structure, consisting of an upper surface layer, a lower surface layer, and supporting yarns connecting the two, forming a three-dimensional hollow structure with through drainage channels; the thickness of the three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer is 8-15mm, the porosity is not less than 85%, and the areal density is 300-800g / m³. 2 The drainage filter layer is a polypropylene or polyester filament needle-punched nonwoven fabric with an equivalent pore size O95 of 60-100 μm and a unit area mass of 200-400 g / m². 2 The vertical permeability coefficient is not less than 0.1 cm / s.

3. The puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the weight ratio of polyethylene terephthalate filament geotextile to propyltriethoxysilane 3-isocyanate is 90-110g:9-11g; the molar concentration of the buffer solution is 10mM, which is formed by mixing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride buffer and deionized water, and then adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 8.

5.

4. The puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auto-oxidative polymerization reaction described in step S1 is carried out at room temperature for 10-14 hours; the grafting reaction is carried out at 45-55°C for 3-5 hours.

5. The puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the weight ratio of ZIF-8 powder to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 14-16 g: 1.8-2.2 mL; the grafting reaction temperature is 75-85 °C, and the reaction time is 10-14 h.

6. The puncture-resistant and drainage textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the weight ratio of linear polyethylene glycol, α-cyclodextrin, ethyl methacrylate 2-isocyanate, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, and photoinitiator is 19-21g:9-11g:2.8-3.2g:1.8-2.2g:0.9-1.1g; the end-capping reaction in step S3 is carried out at a temperature of 55-65℃ for 3-5 hours.

7. The puncture-resistant and drainage-resistant textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the weight ratio of linear polyethylene glycol, α-cyclodextrin, ethyl methacrylate 2-isocyanate, amino-modified ZIF-8 powder, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, and photoinitiator is 9-11g:4.5-5.5g:1.8-2.2g:14-16g:0.9-1.1g:0.9-1.1g; the end-capping reaction is carried out at a temperature of 75-85℃ for 5-7 hours.

8. The puncture-resistant and drainage textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet light mentioned in step S5 has a wavelength of 365 nm and a light intensity of 45-55 mW / cm². 2 The curing time is 8-12 minutes.

9. The puncture-resistant and drainage textile geotextile material based on stress regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is suitable for high-speed railway track beds, crushed stone subgrades, or geotechnical engineering structures subjected to repeated dynamic loads.

10. A method for preparing a stress-regulated, puncture-resistant, drainage-resistant textile geotextile according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, By combining the flexible puncture-resistant control layer with the three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer, and by combining the three-dimensional fiber drainage guiding layer with the drainage filter layer through point-like thermal bonding, local bonding, or mechanical entanglement, a stress-regulated puncture-resistant drainage textile geotextile material can be obtained.

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