Downhole device convenient for underground construction and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a well descending device convenient for underground construction, which comprises an inner support assembly, a plurality of uniformly distributed outer support assemblies arranged on the outer side of the inner support assembly, a rotatable steering assembly arranged on the top of the inner support assembly, a descending assembly arranged below the steering assembly, and a plurality of uniformly distributed centering assemblies arranged on the inner side of the inner support assembly, the centering assembly is used for positioning the circle center of a well mouth of the manhole well, and an expandable limiting assembly is arranged at the bottom of the lowering assembly and used for limiting the position of the lowering assembly in the manhole well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole construction, and in particular to a downhole device that facilitates downhole construction and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] In the daily operation and maintenance of underground pipelines such as urban municipal water supply and drainage, power optical cables, and gas transmission, workers need to frequently enter enclosed circular manholes to carry out high-risk operations in confined spaces, such as pipeline maintenance, joint inspection, and sludge removal.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream method for entering wells in the industry is still to set up simple iron ladders. Traditional processes have unavoidable defects, extremely poor safety, and simple ladders are only fixed to the well opening on one side. Uneven force distribution makes them prone to slipping and overturning. Climbing in the narrow space of the well is unstable, and accidents such as falls from heights and collisions occur frequently. The work efficiency is low, the ladder has limited load-bearing capacity, and personnel can only carry small tools. Large maintenance equipment cannot be entered into the well at the same time, and materials need to be transferred back and forth multiple times.

[0004] In addition, the long-term accumulation of water and dampness in the mine, along with the presence of corrosive moisture, makes ordinary iron ladders extremely prone to rust and deformation, resulting in a rapid decline in structural strength and high maintenance and replacement costs. They can no longer meet the long-term standardized operation requirements of modern underground construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a downhole device and its usage method that facilitates underground construction. This invention solves the problems of traditional iron maintenance ladders, which are fixed to the wellhead on only one side during underground maintenance, resulting in uneven force distribution and easy slippage and overturning, as well as unstable center of gravity when climbing in narrow underground spaces.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a downhole device that facilitates downhole construction, including an inner support assembly, a plurality of evenly distributed outer support assemblies on the outer side of the inner support assembly, a rotatable steering assembly on the top of the inner support assembly, and a lowering assembly below the steering assembly; The inner side of the inner support assembly is provided with multiple evenly distributed centering components, which are used to locate the center of the manhole opening. The bottom of the lowering assembly is provided with an expandable limiting component, which is used to limit the position of the lowering assembly in the manhole.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the internal support assembly includes an internal support base frame, an internal support uprights are provided on the internal support base frame, an internal support top frame is provided on the top of the internal support uprights, and an annular guide rail is provided on the top of the internal support top frame. The annular guide rail is used to install the steering assembly. The inner side of the inner support base frame is also evenly distributed with multiple positioning through holes, which are used to install the centering components.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the external support assembly includes an external support base frame, which is connected to the inner support base frame. An external support crossbeam is also provided between the external support base frames. Diagonal braces are provided between the external support base frame and the inner support uprights. Multiple casters are provided under the external support base frame. The outer support base is also equipped with a support cylinder. The output shaft end of the support cylinder is equipped with a limit support plate. The support cylinder is used to control the limit support plate to be supported on the ground for limiting.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the steering assembly includes a rotating ring, a rotating motor is provided on one side of the rotating ring, and a toothed ring is provided on the outer side of the rotating ring, with the output shaft end of the rotating motor meshing with the toothed ring; The rotating ring has a ring frame beam inside, and multiple winches are installed on the ring frame beam. The winches are used to control the lifting and lowering of the lowering component. The ring frame beam is also equipped with a through-hole for cable release. The cable release hole is located on one side of the winch and is used to allow the steel cable to pass through and connect with the lowering assembly. Encoders are installed between multiple winches to ensure synchronous winding and unwinding. A rotary motor drives a rotating ring to rotate, which in turn causes the lowering assembly below to rotate and adjust the working direction.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the lowering component includes a lower base, with multiple protective grilles above the lower base. A working window is provided on one side of the protective grilles, which facilitates the maintenance of pipelines on the well wall by construction personnel. The top of the protective grille is equipped with a lower top ring, and above the lower top ring are multiple connecting seats, which are used to connect to the steel cables one by one.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the centering component includes a centering bracket, which is arranged on both sides of the positioning through hole. A centering electric cylinder is provided on the centering bracket. The output shaft of the centering electric cylinder passes through the positioning through hole. A centering guide cylinder is vertically provided at the end of the output shaft of the centering electric cylinder. A sliding centering guide rod is provided inside the centering guide cylinder. The centering bracket is also equipped with a translation slide rail, a translation slide plate, and a lifting cylinder. The output shaft end of the lifting cylinder is equipped with a centering connecting rod, and the other end of the centering connecting rod is connected to the centering guide rod. The lifting cylinder is used to control the lifting of the centering guide rod.

[0012] In the preferred embodiment, a forward linkage is also provided on one side of the translation slide plate. The forward linkage is used to maintain the stability of the movement of the centering electric cylinder. The forward linkage is perpendicularly connected to one side of the centering guide cylinder. The bottom end of the centering guide cylinder is also equipped with a rotatable centering rotating head, which facilitates positioning the circumferential edge of the manhole when the centering electric cylinder retracts outward.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, the limiting component includes a limiting base, which is rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the lowering component. Multiple sliding guide seats are evenly distributed on the limiting base, and each sliding guide seat has a sliding guide groove. A slidable support rod slider is provided inside the sliding guide groove. A limiting top seat is also provided on one side of the support rod slider, and the support rod slider is used to push the limiting top seat to open outward.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, a limit motor is provided at the center of the limit base, a rotating seat is provided at the output shaft end of the limit motor, a rotating slot is provided inside the rotating seat, and a hinged slider connecting rod is provided inside the rotating slot. The other end of the slider connecting rod is connected to the support rod slider. The rotation of the rotating seat can drive the support rod slider to move outward and push the limiting top seat to open outward. The outermost side of the limiting top seat is provided with an arc-shaped friction plate, which is used to increase the friction with the inner wall of the manhole.

[0015] A method for using the aforementioned downhole device that facilitates downhole construction, the method comprising: S1. Move the downhole device to the manhole opening, roughly aligning it with the position; S2. Start the centering electric cylinder to extend the centering rotating head as far as possible into the circumference of the manhole opening; S3. After ensuring that all centering rotating heads are inside the circumference of the manhole opening, activate the lifting cylinder to lower the centering rotating heads to the same height as the circumference of the manhole opening. S4. Restart the centering electric cylinder to retract outward synchronously, so that all centering rotating heads are in close contact with the inner wall of the wellhead circumference to complete the centering; S5. After centering is completed, start the support cylinder to lower the limit support plate and make it close to the ground, thus completing the basic fixation of the downhole device. S6. After the fixing is completed, the construction personnel bring the construction equipment and tools into the lowering component through the work window. After preparation, the construction personnel remotely start the winch to lower the lowering component into the manhole. S7. After reaching the construction height, the construction personnel paused the winch, started the limit motor to make the limit top seat extend outward, and the friction plate fully adhered to the well wall to complete the temporary fixation of the lowering component in the well. S8. After the temporary fixing of the lowering component in the well is completed, the construction personnel will start the maintenance in the well. During the maintenance, the rotary motor can be started to make the lowering component rotate on the limit base and the direction of the work window can be adjusted. S9. After construction is completed, retract the limit seat, raise the lowering component to the outside of the well, and after the construction personnel have left, start the support cylinder to retract the limit support plate and move the lowering device to the next manhole for construction.

[0016] This invention provides a downhole device and its usage method that facilitate downhole construction, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Equipped with multiple sets of collaborative centering components, it can automatically and accurately calibrate the coaxial alignment of the manhole opening center without manual fine-tuning, eliminating eccentricity and shaking during lowering, adapting to general municipal manhole specifications, and offering convenient centering with a high fault tolerance rate.

[0017] 2. The machine integrates a universal wheel displacement structure and a support plate for anti-slip limiting, allowing for rapid deployment without the need for temporary erection. It also boasts excellent anti-slip and anti-overturning performance, significantly reducing construction preparation time. 3. The cage-type lowering component has a strong carrying capacity for personnel and weight. Compared with the traditional straight ladder, it can carry more maintenance equipment at the same time, completely solving the problem of limited tool carrying in traditional climbing ladders and significantly improving the efficiency of underground construction. 4. The top steering component supports slewing and directional adjustment, allowing for flexible switching of the working perspective. It eliminates the need for personnel to move or bend over during construction, effectively reducing labor intensity. It is suitable for harsh working conditions such as dampness and corrosion in wells, and is highly durable with low maintenance costs. It comprehensively considers safety protection, convenient operation, heavy load efficiency, and improves the standardized safety level of underground construction in confined spaces. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the well-running device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the well-running device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal support component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the manned well-drilling device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the well-running device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial axonometric view of the centering component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial axonometric view of the steering assembly of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an isometric view of the lowering component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an isometric view of the limiting component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial isometric view of the limiting component of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: Inner support assembly 1; Inner support base frame 101; Inner support upright 102; Inner support top frame 103; Circular guide rail 104; Positioning through hole 105; Outer support assembly 2; Outer support base frame 201; Outer support crossbeam 202; Support cylinder 203; Limiting support plate 204; Steering assembly 3; Rotating ring 301; Ring frame crossbeam 302; Winch 303; Rotary motor 304; Cable release port 305; Steel cable 306; Lowering assembly 4; Lowering base 401; Protective grille 402; Working window 403; Lowering top ring 404; Connecting seat 405; Centering assembly 5; Centering 501 Bracket; 502 Centering electric cylinder; 503 Translation slide rail; 504 Translation slide plate; 505 Centering guide cylinder; 506 Centering guide rod; 507 Centering connecting rod; 508 Lifting cylinder; 509 Centering rotating head; 510 Forward moving connecting rod; 6 Limiting component; 601 Limiting base; 602 Sliding guide seat; 603 Sliding guide groove; 604 Support rod slider; 605 Sliding connecting rod; 606 Rotating seat; 607 Limiting motor; 608 Limiting top seat; 609 Friction plate; 610 Limiting support rod; 611 Rotating gap; 7 Clay pipe; 8 Manhole; 9 Airbag seal. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1-10 As shown, a downhole device for easy downhole construction includes an inner support assembly 1, a plurality of evenly distributed outer support assemblies 2 on the outer side of the inner support assembly 1, a rotatable steering assembly 3 on the top of the inner support assembly 1, and a lowering assembly 4 below the steering assembly 3. The inner support component 1 has multiple evenly distributed centering components 5 on its inner side. The centering components 5 are used to locate the center of the manhole 8. The bottom of the lowering component 4 is provided with an expandable limiting component 6. The limiting component 6 is used to limit the position of the lowering component 4 in the manhole 8.

[0021] In the preferred embodiment, the inner support assembly 1 includes an inner support base frame 101, an inner support upright 102 is provided on the inner support base frame 101, an inner support top frame 103 is provided on the top of the inner support upright 102, and an annular guide rail 104 is provided on the top of the inner support top frame 103. The annular guide rail 104 is used to install the steering assembly 3. The inner side of the inner support base 101 is also evenly distributed with multiple positioning through holes 105, which are used to install the centering component 5.

[0022] In the preferred embodiment, the external support assembly 2 includes an external support base frame 201, which is connected to the inner support base frame 101. An external support crossbeam 202 is also provided between the external support base frames 201. An inclined brace is provided between the external support base frame 201 and the inner support upright 102. Multiple casters are provided below the external support base frame 201. The outer support base 201 is also equipped with a support cylinder 203. The output shaft end of the support cylinder 203 is equipped with a limit support plate 204. The support cylinder 203 is used to control the limit support plate 204 to be supported on the ground for limiting.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the steering assembly 3 includes a rotating ring 301, a rotating motor 304 is provided on one side of the rotating ring 301, a toothed ring is provided on the outer side of the rotating ring 301, and the output shaft end of the rotating motor 304 meshes with the toothed ring. The rotating ring 301 has a ring frame beam 302 inside, and multiple winches 303 are provided on the ring frame beam 302. The winches 303 are used to control the lifting and lowering of the lowering component 4. The ring frame beam 302 is also provided with a through-hole cable release port 305. The cable release port 305 is located on one side of the winch 303. The cable release port 305 is used to allow the steel cable 306 to pass through and connect with the lowering assembly 4. Encoders are provided between multiple winches 303 to ensure synchronous winding and unwinding. The rotary motor 304 drives the rotating ring 301 to rotate, and the rotating ring 301 drives the lowering component 4 to rotate to adjust the working direction.

[0024] In the preferred embodiment, the lowering component 4 includes a lower base 401, with multiple protective grilles 402 above the lower base 401. A working window 403 is provided on one side of the protective grille 402, which facilitates the maintenance of pipelines on the well wall by construction personnel. The top of the protective grille 402 is provided with a lower top ring 404, and above the lower top ring 404 are multiple connecting seats 405, which are used to connect one-to-one with the steel cable 306.

[0025] In the preferred embodiment, the centering component 5 includes a centering bracket 501, which is arranged on both sides of the positioning through hole 105. A centering electric cylinder 502 is provided on the centering bracket 501. The output shaft of the centering electric cylinder 502 passes through the positioning through hole 105. A centering guide cylinder 505 is vertically provided at the end of the output shaft of the centering electric cylinder 502. A slidable centering guide rod 506 is provided inside the centering guide cylinder 505. The centering bracket 501 is also provided with a translation slide rail 503, the translation slide rail 503 is provided with a translation slide plate 504, the translation slide plate 504 is provided with a lifting cylinder 508, the output shaft end of the lifting cylinder 508 is provided with a centering connecting rod 507, the other end of the centering connecting rod 507 is connected to the centering guide rod 506, and the lifting cylinder 508 is used to control the lifting of the centering guide rod 506.

[0026] In the preferred embodiment, a forward linkage 510 is also provided on one side of the translation slide plate 504. The forward linkage 510 is used to maintain the stability of the movement of the centering electric cylinder 502. The forward linkage 510 is perpendicularly connected to one side of the centering guide cylinder 505. The bottom end of the centering guide cylinder 505 is also provided with a rotatable centering rotating head 509, which facilitates positioning the circumferential edge of the manhole well 8 when the centering electric cylinder 502 retracts outward.

[0027] In the preferred embodiment, the limiting component 6 includes a limiting base 601, which is rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the lowering component 4. The limiting base 601 has a plurality of sliding guide seats 602 evenly distributed on it. Each sliding guide seat 602 has a sliding guide groove 603. The sliding guide groove 603 has a slidable support rod slider 604 inside it. A limiting top seat 608 is also provided on one side of the support rod slider 604. The support rod slider 604 is used to push the limiting top seat 608 outward.

[0028] In the preferred embodiment, a limit motor 607 is provided at the center of the limit base 601, a rotating seat 606 is provided at the output shaft end of the limit motor 607, a rotating slot 611 is provided inside the rotating seat 606, and a hinged slider connecting rod 605 is provided inside the rotating slot 611. The other end of the slider connecting rod 605 is connected to the support rod slider 604. The rotation of the rotating seat 606 can drive the support rod slider 604 to move outward and push the limiting top seat 608 to open outward. The outermost side of the limiting top seat 608 is provided with an arc-shaped friction plate 609. The arc-shaped friction plate 609 is used to increase the friction with the inner wall of the manhole well 8.

[0029] A method for using the aforementioned downhole device that facilitates downhole construction, the method comprising: S1. Move the downhole device to the wellhead position of manhole 8, roughly aligning it with the position; S2. Start the centering electric cylinder 502 to make the centering rotating head 509 extend as far as possible into the circumference of the manhole 8 opening; S3. After ensuring that all centering rotating heads 509 are located inside the circumference of the manhole 8 wellhead, start the lifting cylinder 508 to lower the centering rotating heads 509 to the same height as the circumference of the wellhead. S4. Restart the centering electric cylinder 502 to retract outward synchronously, so that all centering rotating heads 509 are in close contact with the inner wall of the wellhead circumference to complete the centering. S5. After centering is completed, start the support cylinder 203 to lower the limit support plate 202 to fit the ground, and complete the basic fixation of the downhole device. S6. After the fixing is completed, the construction personnel bring the construction equipment and tools into the lowering component 4 through the operation window 403. After preparation, the construction personnel remotely start the winch 303 to lower the lowering component 4 into the manhole 8. S7. After reaching the construction height, the construction personnel pause the winch 303, start the limit motor 607 to make the limit top seat 608 extend outward, and the friction plate 609 fully adheres to the well wall, thus completing the temporary fixation of the lowering component 4 in the well. S8. After the temporary fixing of the lowering component 4 in the well is completed, the construction personnel begin to carry out maintenance in the well. During the maintenance, the rotary motor 304 can be started to make the lowering component 4 rotate on the limit base 601 and adjust the direction of the work window 403. S9. After the construction is completed, retract the limiting top seat 608, raise and lower the component 4 to the outside of the well, and after the construction personnel have left, start the support cylinder 203 to retract the limiting support plate 204, and move the well lowering device to the next manhole well 8 for construction.

[0030] Example 2 Further explanation in conjunction with Example 1, such as Figure 1-10 The structure shown is illustrated in the following specific implementation of a downhole device that facilitates downhole construction: The device uses an inner support component 1 with a rigid frame structure as the overall load-bearing foundation. Multiple sets of outer support components 2 are evenly arranged and fixed in the outer circumferential direction of the inner support component 1. The outer support components 2 have the functions of ground movement of the whole machine and fixed-point anti-slip limiting. A steering component 3 that can be infinitely rotated and adjusted is installed horizontally on the top of the inner support component 1. A downhole component 4 that integrates personnel and cargo carrying is suspended below the steering component 3 by a flexible steel cable. Multiple sets of centering components 5 are uniformly fixed in the inner circumferential direction of the inner support component 1. The multiple sets of centering components 5 work together to expand and contract to fit the wellhead center contour of the positioning manhole 8, so as to achieve high-precision coaxial alignment of the whole machine. The bottom center position of the lowering component 4 is pivotally hinged to install a radially expandable and contractible limiting component 6. After the limiting component 6 expands, it fits tightly against the inner wall of the manhole 8, thereby limiting and locking the position of the lowering component 4 at any construction height in the well, preventing vertical slippage and shaking. The inner support component 1 includes an inner support base frame 101 with a rectangular frame. Multiple inner support uprights 102 are vertically fixed on the inner support base frame 101. The top ends of all the inner support uprights 102 are fixed together with an annular inner support top frame 103. A closed-loop wear-resistant annular guide rail 104 is embedded on the upper end face of the inner support top frame 103. The annular guide rail 104 is precisely adapted to slide and install the steering component 3. Multiple through-holes 105 are evenly opened on the inner circumference of the inner support base frame 101. The positioning through-holes 105 are used to insert and fix the main structure of the centering component 5. The outer support assembly 2 includes a modular outer support base frame 201, which is rigidly welded to the outside of the inner support base frame 101. The outer support crossbeams 202 are horizontally fixed between adjacent outer support base frames 201 to enhance the overall torsional rigidity. Diagonal braces are added between the outer support base frame 201 and the corresponding inner support uprights 102 to prevent deformation. Wear-resistant casters are arrayed below the outer support base frame 201 to facilitate flexible movement of the whole machine. The support base cylinder 203 is vertically fixed on the outer support base frame 201. The bottom end of the extension and retraction output shaft of the support base cylinder 203 is horizontally fixed to the limiting support plate 204. The extension and retraction of the cylinder controls the limiting support plate 204 to touch the ground and complete the anti-slip limiting of the whole machine. Steering assembly 3 includes a rotating ring 301 with a sliding sleeve annular guide rail 104. The outer edge of the rotating ring 301 is integrally formed with a transmission gear ring. A rotating motor 304 is fixed to the side of the inner support frame 103. The output gear of the rotating motor 304 meshes with the gear ring for transmission. Multiple ring frame beams 302 are radially fixed inside the rotating ring 301. Multiple sets of winches 303 are arrayed and fixed on the ring frame beams 302 for synchronous control of the lifting and lowering of the lowering assembly 4. The ring frame beams 302 have a through-hole 305 for laying cables adjacent to the winches 303. The steel cable 306 passes through the through-hole 305 and is vertically connected to the lowering assembly 4. The multiple sets of winches 303 have built-in synchronous encoders to ensure precise and synchronous winding and unwinding of the steel cable. The rotating motor 304 drives the rotating ring 301 to rotate, which in turn drives the lowering assembly 4 to adjust the direction of the downhole operation. The lowering assembly 4 includes a horizontal lowering base 401. The upper enclosure protective grille 402; The protective grille 402 has a working window 403 on its side wall to facilitate personnel inspection of the well wall pipes. A lowered top ring 404 is fixedly connected to the top of the protective grille 402. Multiple connecting seats 405 are fixedly connected to the lowered top ring 404, rigidly connecting to the steel cables 306 one-to-one. The centering assembly 5 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the positioning through hole 105. The centering bracket 501 is fixed to the inner support base 101. A centering electric cylinder 502 is installed on the centering bracket 501, and its output shaft passes through the positioning through hole 105. A centering guide cylinder 505 is vertically fixed to the end of the output shaft. The centering guide cylinder 505 has a sliding fit with a centering guide rod 506 inside. A translation slide rail 503 and a translation slide plate 504 are added to the centering bracket 501. A lifting cylinder 508 is vertically installed on the translation slide plate 504. The lifting cylinder 508 is connected to the centering guide rod 506 through a centering connecting rod 507. Control the vertical lifting and lowering of the wellhead for alignment; The sliding slide plate 504 is hinged to the side and the forward moving link 510 is vertically connected to the centering guide cylinder 505 to ensure telescopic stability. The centering guide cylinder 505 is hinged to the bottom and the centering rotating head 509 to facilitate fitting and positioning the manhole well 8 circumferential edge. The limiting component 6 includes a limiting base 601 rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the lowering base 401. Sliding guide seats 602 are evenly distributed on the limiting base 601. The sliding guide seats 602 have sliding guide grooves 603 to accommodate sliding support rod sliders 604. The outer side of the support rod slider 604 is fixedly connected to a limiting top seat 608 for outward expansion to fit the well wall. The center of the limiting base 601 is fixed with a limiting motor 607. The output end of the limiting motor 607 is fixedly connected to a rotating seat 606. The rotating seat 606 has a rotation slot 611 and a hinged slider connecting rod 605 to connect the support rod slider 604. The motor drives the rotation, which in turn causes the limiting top seat 608 to expand. The outermost part of the limit seat 608 is covered with an arc-shaped friction plate 609 to increase the friction with the inner wall of the manhole 8 and complete the locking. When used together, the following standardized operations are carried out in sequence: rough alignment of the whole machine, pre-extension of the centering structure, height alignment and calibration, centering and alignment, fixing of the ground support plate, lowering of personnel and materials into the well, locking and fixing of the limit seat in the well, rotation and adjustment for maintenance, and reset and transfer after construction.

[0031] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole device for easy downhole construction, characterized in that: The utility model provides an inner support assembly (1) is equipped with a plurality of uniformly distributed outer support assemblies (2) on the outer side, and the top of the inner support assembly (1) is equipped with a rotatable steering assembly (3), and the lower side of the steering assembly (3) is equipped with a lowering assembly (4). The inner side of the inner support assembly (1) is equipped with a plurality of uniformly distributed centering assemblies (5) for positioning the well mouth center of the manhole (8), and the bottom of the lowering assembly (4) is equipped with an expandable limiting assembly (6) for limiting the position of the lowering assembly (4) in the manhole (8).

2. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The inner support assembly (1) comprises an inner support chassis (101), and the inner support chassis (101) is equipped with an inner support vertical rod (102) on the top of which an inner support top frame (103) is arranged, and the top of the inner support top frame (103) is equipped with an annular guide rail (104) for installing the steering assembly (3). The inner side of the inner support chassis (101) is also uniformly distributed with a plurality of positioning through holes (105) for installing the centering assemblies (5).

3. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The outer support assembly (2) comprises an outer support chassis (201) connected with the inner support chassis (101), and the outer support chassis (201) is also equipped with an outer support cross beam (202) between the outer support chassis (201), and the outer support chassis (201) is equipped with a diagonal brace between the outer support chassis (201) and the inner support vertical rod (102), and the lower side of the outer support chassis (201) is equipped with a plurality of universal wheels. The outer support chassis (201) is also equipped with a support seat air cylinder (203), and the output shaft end of the support seat air cylinder (203) is equipped with a limiting support plate (204) for supporting on the ground to limit.

4. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The steering assembly (3) comprises a rotating ring (301), and the rotating ring (301) is equipped with a rotating motor (304) on one side, and the outer side of the rotating ring (301) is equipped with a gear ring, and the output shaft end of the rotating motor (304) is engaged with the gear ring. The inside of the rotating ring (301) is equipped with a ring frame cross beam (302), and the ring frame cross beam (302) is equipped with a plurality of winches (303) for controlling the lifting of the lowering assembly (4). The ring frame cross beam (302) is also equipped with a through line release port (305) arranged on one side of the winch (303), and the line release port (305) is used for making the steel cable (306) pass through the lowering assembly (4), and the plurality of winches (303) are equipped with encoders to ensure synchronous winding and unwinding. The rotating motor (304) drives the rotating ring (301) to rotate, and the rotating ring (301) drives the lower lowering assembly (4) to rotate to adjust the operation direction.

5. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The lowering assembly (4) comprises a lower base (401), and the lower base (401) is equipped with a plurality of protective gratings (402) on the upper side, and the protective grating (402) is equipped with an operation window (403) on one side, which is convenient for the construction personnel to overhaul the pipeline on the well wall. The top of the protective grating (402) is equipped with a lowering top ring (404), and the upper side of the lowering top ring (404) is equipped with a plurality of connecting seats (405) for corresponding connection with the steel cable (306).

6. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The centering assembly (5) comprises a centering support (501) arranged on both sides of the positioning through hole (105), and a centering electric cylinder (502) is arranged on the centering support (501), the output shaft of the centering electric cylinder (502) penetrates through the positioning through hole (105), and a centering guide cylinder (505) is vertically arranged at the end of the output shaft of the centering electric cylinder (502), and a slidable centering guide rod (506) is arranged in the centering guide cylinder (505); A translation sliding rail (503) is further arranged on the centering support (501), a translation sliding plate (504) is arranged on the translation sliding rail (503), a lifting cylinder (508) is arranged on the translation sliding plate (504), a centering connecting rod (507) is arranged at the output shaft end of the lifting cylinder (508), the other end of the centering connecting rod (507) is connected with the centering guide rod (506), and the lifting cylinder (508) is used for controlling the lifting of the centering guide rod (506).

7. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: A front moving connecting rod (510) is further arranged on one side of the translation sliding plate (504), the front moving connecting rod (510) is used for keeping the stability of the movement of the centering electric cylinder (502), and the front moving connecting rod (510) is vertically connected with one side of the centering guide cylinder (505); A rotatable centering rotating head (509) is further arranged at the bottom end of the centering guide cylinder (505), and the centering rotating head (509) is convenient for positioning the circumferential edge of the manhole shaft (8) when the centering electric cylinder (502) is retracted outward.

8. The downhole device of claim 1, wherein: The limiting assembly (6) comprises a limiting base (601), the limiting base (601) is rotatably arranged on the bottom surface of the lowering assembly (4), a plurality of sliding guide bases (602) are uniformly arranged on the limiting base (601), a sliding guide groove (603) is arranged in the sliding guide base (602), a slidable supporting rod sliding block (604) is arranged in the sliding guide groove (603), a limiting top base (608) is further arranged on one side of the supporting rod sliding block (604), and the supporting rod sliding block (604) is used for pushing the limiting top base (608) to be outwardly expanded.

9. The downhole device of claim 8, wherein: A limiting electric cylinder (607) is arranged at the center of the limiting base (601), a rotating base (606) is arranged at the output shaft end of the limiting electric cylinder (607), a rotating clamping gap (611) is arranged in the rotating base (606), and a hinged sliding block connecting rod (605) is arranged in the rotating clamping gap (611); The other end of the sliding block connecting rod (605) is connected with the supporting rod sliding block (604), the rotating base (606) is rotatable, the supporting rod sliding block (604) can be driven to move outward and push the limiting top base (608) to be outwardly expanded, and the outermost side of the limiting top base (608) is provided with an arc-shaped friction plate (609), and the arc-shaped friction plate (609) is used for increasing the friction force with the inner wall of the manhole shaft (8).

10. The method of claim 1-9, wherein the method further comprises: The method comprises: S1, moving the downhole device to the well mouth position of the manhole shaft (8), and roughly aligning the position; S2, starting the centering electric cylinder (502) to make the centering rotating head (509) as much as possible to protrude into the well mouth circumference of the manhole shaft (8); S3, after ensuring that all the centering rotating heads (509) are located in the well mouth circumference of the manhole shaft (8), starting the lifting cylinder (508) to make the centering rotating heads (509) to be lowered to the well mouth circumference height. S4. Restart the centering electric cylinder (502) to retract outward synchronously, so that all centering rotating heads (509) are in close contact with the inner wall of the wellhead circumference to complete the centering; S5. After centering is completed, start the support cylinder (203) to lower the limit support plate (202) and make it close to the ground, thus completing the basic fixation of the downhole device; S6. After the fixing is completed, the construction personnel bring the construction equipment and tools into the lowering component (4) through the work window (403). After preparation, the construction personnel remotely start the winch (303) to lower the lowering component (4) into the manhole (8). S7. After reaching the construction height, the construction personnel paused the winch (303), started the limit motor (607) so that the limit top seat (608) extended outward and the friction plate (609) completely adhered to the well wall, thus completing the temporary fixation of the lowering component (4) in the well. S8. After the temporary fixing of the lowering component (4) in the well is completed, the construction personnel begin to carry out maintenance in the well. During the maintenance, the rotary motor (304) can be started to make the lowering component (4) rotate on the limit base (601) and adjust the direction of the work window (403). S9. After the construction is completed, retract the limit top seat (608), raise the lowering component (4) to the outside of the well, and after the construction personnel leave, start the support cylinder (203) to retract the limit support plate (204) and move the lowering device to the next manhole well (8) for construction.

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