Fertilizer containing natural insect repelling components and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a fertilizer containing a natural insect repelling component and a preparation method thereof.The fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 20-80 parts of an organic matrix, 0.5-10 parts of the natural insect repelling component, 3-35 parts of an inorganic nutrient component, 0.05-2.0 parts of a microbial agent, 0.05-1.0 part of beauveria bassiana and 0.1-6 parts of auxiliaries; the natural parasite expelling components and the beauveria bassiana are compounded to form a synergistic parasite expelling system, and the parasite expelling system, the organic matrix, the inorganic nutrient components, the microbial agent and the auxiliaries have a synergistic effect, so that integration of parasite expelling, nutrient supply and soil improvement is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling components and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Fertilizer is a core agricultural input for ensuring crop growth in agricultural production. Currently, most organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on the market suffer from the technical defect of single-function application. Most products only focus on nutrient supply and lack effective insect repellent function, making crops susceptible to various pests during growth, directly affecting germination, growth, and yield. Some fertilizers with insect repellent effects rely on chemical insect repellent ingredients. Long-term application of such fertilizers can easily lead to the accumulation of chemical substances in the soil, causing problems such as soil compaction and excessive heavy metal content. At the same time, residues can also form in crop plants and fruits, affecting the quality of agricultural products and violating the concept of green and environmentally friendly agricultural development.

[0003] Existing fertilizers that utilize natural insect-repellent ingredients often employ only a single insect-repellent ingredient, resulting in a narrow spectrum of insect repellency and difficulty in addressing various crop pests. Furthermore, the extraction processes for these natural insect-repellent ingredients are often crude, leading to low utilization rates of the active ingredients and further reducing their effectiveness. In addition, some fertilizers suffer from poorly designed organic substrate fermentation processes and limited methods of adding microbial agents, resulting in incomplete substrate decomposition, slow fertilizer release, and easy loss of nutrients. This also leads to poor soil compatibility, failing to meet the cultivation needs of different soil types. Simultaneously, traditional fertilizer molding and post-processing techniques are inadequate, leading to clumping and loss of active ingredients during storage, resulting in poor stability. These factors make it difficult to balance nutrient supply, insect-repellent effects, and environmental performance, failing to meet the demands of modern agriculture for multifunctional and high-quality fertilizers. Therefore, developing a high-performance, comprehensive natural insect-repellent fertilizer has become a pressing technical challenge for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling components and a method for preparing the same.

[0005] A further objective of this invention is to provide a fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling components, comprising, by weight, 20-80 parts of organic matrix, 0.5-10 parts of natural insect-repelling components, 3-35 parts of inorganic nutrient components, 0.05-2.0 parts of microbial inoculant, 0.05-1.0 parts of Beauveria bassiana, and 0.1-6 parts of adjuvants. The natural insect-repelling components and Beauveria bassiana form a synergistic insect-repelling system. This insect-repelling system works synergistically with the organic matrix, inorganic nutrient components, microbial inoculant, and adjuvants to achieve the integration of insect repellency, nutrient supply, and soil improvement.

[0006] Preferably, the natural insect-repellent ingredient is azadirachtin extract, or a combination of azadirachtin extract with one or more of the following: artemisia extract, camphor extract, matrine, and pyrethrum extract.

[0007] Preferably, the organic matrix is ​​one or more of the following: decomposed wheat straw, decomposed rice straw, decomposed sheep manure, humus, and distiller's grains.

[0008] Preferably, the microbial agent is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and brewer's yeast.

[0009] Preferably, the inorganic nutrient component is one or more of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and NPK compound fertilizer; the adjuvant is one or more of polyacrylamide, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, and water-retaining agent.

[0010] A method for producing a fertilizer containing natural insect-repellent ingredients includes the following steps: Step 1: Extraction of natural insect repellent ingredients: Take the natural insect repellent ingredient raw materials, crush them, add ethanol solution according to the material-liquid ratio, use ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and process the extracted product to obtain insect repellent concentrate. Activate and culture Beauveria bassiana to prepare a bacterial agent for later use. Step 2, Organic substrate pretreatment: Mix the organic substrate evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, add half of the amount of microbial inoculant and compost for fermentation, control the fermentation environment indicators, and obtain the decomposed organic substrate; Step 3, Compound Mixing: Add the decomposed organic matrix, inorganic nutrients, and additives to the mixer and stir. Then add the insect repellent concentrate, the remaining microbial inoculant, and Beauveria bassiana inoculant and continue stirring to obtain the mixture. Step 4, Molding and Post-processing: Granulate the mixture, dry it to a moisture content of ≤12%, sieve it, coat it with a coating solution, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0011] Preferably, in step one, the natural insect-repellent ingredient raw material is pulverized to 40-80 mesh, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 60%-80%, and the material-to-liquid ratio is 1:10 to 1:20; the ultrasonic-assisted extraction power is 200W-400W, the extraction temperature is 40℃-60℃, and the extraction time is 30-60 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, vitamin C is added during the extraction process in step one, and the spore concentration of the Beauveria bassiana inoculum is 10^ 8 CFU / g-10^ 10 CFU / g; Post-extraction treatment is vacuum concentration until no ethanol residue remains, or vacuum concentration followed by freeze drying.

[0013] Preferably, in step two, the temperature for composting is 55℃-65℃, the fermentation time is 7-15 days, the compost is turned over every 2-3 days during the fermentation process, the fermentation environment is controlled by maintaining the pH value at 6.5-7.5, and the temperature and moisture content of the fermentation system are monitored and controlled.

[0014] Preferably, the initial stirring time in step three is 15-30 minutes, and the secondary stirring time after adding the insect repellent concentrate is 20-40 minutes; in step four, the granulation pressure is 15MPa-25MPa, the granulation particle size is 2mm-5mm, the drying temperature is 60℃-80℃, and the coating solution is a solution made of one or more of polyacrylamide, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, and water-retaining agent, with a coating thickness of 0.1mm-0.3mm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients and its preparation method provided by this invention effectively solves many technical defects of existing fertilizers, such as single function, poor insect-repelling effect, and insufficient environmental protection. It realizes the integration of insect repelling, nutrient supply, soil improvement and crop growth promotion, and the overall technical effect is significant.

[0016] 2. This invention uses a scientific combination of various natural plant-derived insect repellent ingredients and fungal-derived inoculants. By utilizing the synergistic effect of the two, the insect repellent spectrum is broadened, and the insect repellent effect is greatly improved. At the same time, it abandons chemical insect repellent ingredients, thus avoiding crop residues and soil pollution problems from the source, and has excellent environmental protection and safety.

[0017] 3. This invention optimizes the extraction process of natural insect-repelling components, effectively improving the utilization rate of these active ingredients. Combined with a phased microbial fermentation process and inoculant addition method, it ensures thorough decomposition of the organic substrate, guaranteeing a balanced nutrient composition and stable fertilizer release. This significantly enhances the fertilizer's soil compatibility, making it suitable for various soil types. After being treated with a specialized coating process, the fertilizer's storage stability is significantly improved, effectively reducing clumping and loss of active ingredients during storage, thus extending its shelf life and effectiveness. Furthermore, the nutrient components and insect-repelling ingredients in the fertilizer work synergistically, effectively promoting crop growth, improving crop quality and yield while repelling insects and protecting seedlings. It also improves the soil microecological environment, enhances soil enzyme activity, and achieves the dual effects of soil nourishment and fertilization, aligning with the development needs of green modern agriculture and possessing extremely high practical value and promising application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: The raw material composition includes 40 parts of decomposed wheat straw, 0.5 parts of azadirachtin extract, 5 parts of urea, 3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of potassium chloride, 0.1 parts of polyacrylamide, 0.05 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.05 parts of Beauveria bassiana.

[0020] Preparation method: Step 1: Extraction of natural insect-repelling ingredients. Azadirachtin raw material is pulverized to 40 mesh and added to a 60% ethanol solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. Ultrasonic extraction is performed at 200W power, 40℃, and 30 minutes. After filtration, the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure until no ethanol residue remains, yielding azadirachtin concentrate. After activation and culture of Beauveria bassiana, spores are prepared to a concentration of 10^... 8 Prepare a CFU / g bacterial agent for later use.

[0021] Step 2: Organic substrate pretreatment. Mix the decomposed wheat straw evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%, add 0.025 parts of Bacillus subtilis, pile it up for fermentation, control the temperature at 55℃, ferment for 7 days, turn the pile every 3 days, monitor the pH value, temperature and moisture content during the period, and keep the pH at 6.5-7.5 to obtain decomposed organic substrate.

[0022] Step 3: Compound mixing. Add the decomposed organic matrix, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, and polyacrylamide to the mixer and stir for 15 minutes. Then add the azadirachtin concentrate, the remaining 0.025 parts of Bacillus subtilis and Beauveria bassiana inoculants, and continue stirring for 20 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0023] Step 4: Granulation and post-processing of the mixture, control the granulation pressure at 15MPa, the particle size at 2mm, dry at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, after sieving, coat with a 0.1mm thickness using a mixture of diatomaceous earth and polyacrylamide, and cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0024] Example 2: The raw materials consist of 30 parts of decomposed wheat straw, 20 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2 parts of azadirachtin extract, 2 parts of Artemisia argyi extract, 15 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 2 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.5 parts of acidophilic lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3 parts of Beauveria bassiana.

[0025] Preparation method: Step 1: Extraction of Natural Insect Repellent Components. Azadirachtin and Artemisia argyi raw materials were separately pulverized to 60 mesh. A 70% ethanol solution was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, along with 0.1 parts of Vitamin C as an antioxidant. Ultrasonic extraction was performed at 300W, 50℃, and 45 minutes. After filtration, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure until no ethanol residue remained. The resulting mixture yielded a compound insect repellent concentrate. Beauveria bassiana was activated and cultured to obtain a spore concentration of 10^... 9 Prepare a CFU / g bacterial agent for later use.

[0026] Step 2: Organic substrate pretreatment. Mix well-rotted wheat straw and well-rotted sheep manure evenly, adjust the moisture content to 55%, add 0.25 parts of acidophilic lactic acid bacteria, pile them up for fermentation, control the temperature at 60℃, ferment for 10 days, turn the pile every 2 days, monitor the pH value, temperature and moisture content during the period, and adjust in time to obtain well-rotted organic substrate.

[0027] Step 3: Compound mixing. Add the decomposed organic substrate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and diatomaceous earth to the mixer and stir for 20 minutes. Then add the compound insect repellent concentrate, the remaining 0.25 parts of acidophilic lactic acid bacteria and Beauveria bassiana inoculant, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0028] Step 4: Granulation and post-processing of the mixture, control the granulation pressure at 20MPa, the particle size at 3mm, dry at 70℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, after sieving, coat with a 0.2mm thickness of diatomaceous earth and polyacrylamide mixed solution, cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0029] Example 3: The raw materials consist of 25 parts decomposed rice straw, 25 parts humus, 10 parts distiller's grains, 3 parts azadirachtin extract, 2 parts camphor extract, 1 part matrine, 8 parts urea, 5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts potassium nitrate, 3 parts sepiolite powder, 0.8 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.4 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 0.6 parts Beauveria bassiana.

[0030] Preparation method: Step 1: Extraction of Natural Insecticidal Components. Azadirachtin, camphor, and matrine were separately pulverized to 70 mesh and added to a 75% ethanol solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:18. 0.3 parts of vitamin C were added as an antioxidant. Ultrasonic extraction was performed at 350W, 55℃, and 50 minutes. After filtration, freeze-drying was carried out at -30℃ and 0.02MPa for 10 hours to obtain a concentrated compound insect repellent solution. Beauveria bassiana was activated and cultured to obtain a spore concentration of 10^ 10 Prepare a CFU / g bacterial agent for later use.

[0031] Step 2: Organic substrate pretreatment. Mix well-rotted rice straw, humus, and distiller's grains evenly, adjust the moisture content to 58%, add 0.4 parts Bacillus subtilis and 0.2 parts Lactobacillus acidophilus, pile them up for fermentation, control the temperature at 62℃, ferment for 12 days, turn the pile every 2 days, monitor the pH value, temperature and moisture content during the process, and adjust them in time to obtain well-rotted organic substrate.

[0032] Step 3: Compound Mixing. Add the decomposed organic matrix, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and sepiolite powder to the mixer and stir for 25 minutes. Then add the compound insect repellent concentrate, the remaining 0.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Beauveria bassiana inoculant, and continue stirring for 35 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0033] Step 4: Granulation and post-processing of the mixture, control the granulation pressure at 22MPa, the particle size at 4mm, dry at 75℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, after sieving, coat with a mixture of diatomaceous earth, sepiolite powder and water-retaining agent with a thickness of 0.25mm, cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0034] Example 4: The raw materials consist of 30 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts decomposed sheep manure, 15 parts humus, 4 parts azadirachtin extract, 2 parts artemisia extract, 2 parts camphor extract, 1 part pyrethrum extract, 12 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts urea, 4 parts sodium lignosulfonate, 1.2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts brewer's yeast, and 0.8 parts Beauveria bassiana.

[0035] Preparation method: Step 1: Extraction of Natural Insecticidal Components. Four types of insecticidal raw materials were separately pulverized to 80 mesh and added to an 80% ethanol solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20. 0.5 parts of vitamin C were added as an antioxidant. Ultrasonic extraction was performed at 400W, 60℃, and 60 minutes. After filtration, freeze-drying was carried out at -20℃, 0.03MPa, and 12 hours. The resulting mixture yielded a concentrated compound insecticidal solution. After activation and culture of *Beauveria bassiana*, spores were prepared to a concentration of 10^... 10 Prepare a CFU / g bacterial agent for later use.

[0036] Step 2: Organic substrate pretreatment. Mix well-rotted straw, well-rotted sheep manure, and humus evenly, adjust the moisture content to 60%, add 0.6 parts Bacillus subtilis and 0.25 parts brewer's yeast, pile them up for fermentation, control the temperature at 65℃, ferment for 15 days, turn the pile every 2 days, monitor the pH value, temperature and moisture content during the period, and adjust in time to ensure full fermentation and obtain well-rotted organic substrate.

[0037] Step 3: Compound Mixing. Add the decomposed organic substrate, NPK compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and sodium lignosulfonate to the mixer and stir for 30 minutes. Then add the compound insect repellent concentrate, the remaining 0.6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.25 parts of brewer's yeast, and Beauveria bassiana inoculant, and continue stirring for 40 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0038] Step 4: Granulation and post-processing of the mixture, control the granulation pressure at 25MPa, the particle size at 5mm, dry at 80℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, after sieving, coat with a mixed solution of diatomaceous earth, sodium lignosulfonate and water-retaining agent with a thickness of 0.3mm, cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0039] Example 5: The raw materials consist of 20 parts decomposed straw, 30 parts humus, 20 parts distiller's grains, 10 parts sheep manure, 5 parts azadirachtin extract, 3 parts matrine, 2 parts camphor extract, 8 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 6 parts potassium nitrate, 4 parts potassium chloride, 5 parts diatomaceous earth, 0.5 parts polyacrylamide, 1.8 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.2 parts lactic acid bacteria, and 1.0 part Beauveria bassiana.

[0040] Preparation method: Step 1: Extraction of Natural Insecticidal Components. Azadirachtin, matrine, and camphor were separately pulverized to 80 mesh and added to an 80% ethanol solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20. 0.4 parts of vitamin C were added as an antioxidant. Ultrasonic extraction was performed at 400W, 60℃, and 55 minutes. After filtration, freeze-drying was carried out at -35℃, 0.01MPa, and 9 hours. The resulting mixture yielded a concentrated compound insect repellent solution. Beauveria bassiana was activated and cultured to obtain a spore concentration of 10^ 10 Prepare a CFU / g bacterial agent for later use.

[0041] Step 2: Organic substrate pretreatment. Mix well-rotted straw, humus, distiller's grains, and sheep manure evenly, adjust the moisture content to 60%, add 0.9 parts Bacillus subtilis and 0.1 parts Lactobacillus acidophilus, pile them up for fermentation, control the temperature at 65℃, ferment for 13 days, turn the pile every 2 days, monitor the pH value, temperature and moisture content during the period, and adjust in time to obtain well-rotted organic substrate.

[0042] Step 3: Compound Mixing. Add the decomposed organic substrate, NPK compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, diatomaceous earth, and polyacrylamide to the mixer and stir for 30 minutes. Then add the compound insect repellent concentrate, the remaining 0.9 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.1 parts of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Beauveria bassiana inoculant, and continue stirring for 40 minutes to obtain the mixture.

[0043] Step 4: Granulation and post-processing of the mixture, control the granulation pressure at 23MPa, the particle size at 3-5mm, dry at 80℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, after sieving, coat with a mixed solution of diatomaceous earth, polyacrylamide and water-retaining agent with a thickness of 0.2mm, cool to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

[0044] Comparative Example 1: The raw materials consist of 30 parts decomposed wheat straw, 20 parts decomposed sheep manure, 15 parts nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 2 parts diatomaceous earth, and 0.5 parts acidophilic lactic acid bacteria.

[0045] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 2, except that the natural insect repellent ingredient extraction step is removed, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0046] This comparative example corresponds to ordinary organic-inorganic compound fertilizers in the prior art. It lacks the core components of this solution, namely the natural insect-repelling ingredient and Beauveria bassiana, and has no insect-repelling function. The crops are susceptible to pests, the growth effect is poor, and the performance is significantly inferior to Example 2. This proves that the natural insect-repelling ingredient is the core of this solution to achieve the insect-repelling function, and the insect-repelling function of this solution is not available in existing ordinary fertilizers.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: The raw materials consist of 30 parts of decomposed wheat straw, 20 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 12 parts of azadirachtin extract, 15 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 2 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.5 parts of acidophilic lactic acid bacteria, and 0.3 parts of Beauveria bassiana.

[0048] The preparation method is the same as in Example 2.

[0049] This comparative example corresponds to a fertilizer scheme with a single insecticidal component in the prior art. The fertilizer uses a single insecticidal component and the ratio exceeds the protection range of this scheme. It has a narrow insecticidal spectrum, a short duration of effect, and causes slight phytotoxicity to crops. It also causes pH imbalance, which affects crop absorption. Its overall performance is inferior to that of Example 2. This demonstrates the rationality and practicality of the combination of multiple insecticidal components and the reasonable ratio range of this scheme.

[0050] Comparative Example 3: The raw material composition is the same as in Example 2.

[0051] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 2, except that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction step is removed and conventional soaking extraction is used. The material-to-liquid ratio is 1:15, and the soaking is carried out at 70°C for 2 hours. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 2.

[0052] This comparative example corresponds to the traditional extraction process in the prior art, but it lacks the core process of ultrasonic extraction in this solution. As a result, the utilization rate of the effective insect repellent component is low, the insect repellent effect is poor, the duration of effect is short, and the performance is significantly inferior to that of Example 2. This proves the rationality and progress of the ultrasonic extraction process in this solution and solves the defects of the existing extraction process.

[0053] Comparative Example 4: The raw material composition is the same as in Example 2.

[0054] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 2. In step two, all the acidophilic lactic acid bacteria are added without staged addition, and the fermentation time is shortened to 5 days. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0055] This comparative example corresponds to a single fermentation process in the prior art, but lacks the staged fermentation and staged addition of microbial agents in this scheme. The organic substrate is not fully decomposed, the fertilizer effect is lost quickly, the insect repellent components are unstable, and the overall performance is inferior to Example 2, which proves the rationality and superiority of the staged fermentation process in this scheme.

[0056] Comparative Example 5: The raw materials consist of 30 parts of decomposed wheat straw, 20 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2 parts of azadirachtin extract, 2 parts of Artemisia argyi extract, 15 parts of NPK compound fertilizer, 2 parts of diatomaceous earth, and 0.5 parts of acidophilic lactic acid bacteria.

[0057] The preparation method is the same as in Example 2.

[0058] This comparative example corresponds to the existing technology that only contains plant-derived insect repellent components. It lacks the synergistic component Beauveria bassiana of this example, and therefore cannot achieve the synergistic effect of plant-derived and fungal-derived insect repellents. The insect repellent rate and duration of effect are significantly reduced, and the performance is inferior to Example 2. This proves the rationality of the synergistic combination of insect repellent components in this example.

[0059] Comparative Example 6: The raw materials consist of 20 parts decomposed wheat straw, 10 parts decomposed sheep manure, 0.3 parts azadirachtin extract, 0.1 parts artemisia extract, 35 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 6 parts diatomaceous earth, 0.03 parts acidophilic lactic acid bacteria, and 0.02 parts Beauveria bassiana.

[0060] The preparation method is the same as in Example 2.

[0061] This comparative example demonstrates that the existing technology has unreasonable formulations, with the proportions of each raw material exceeding the protection scope of this scheme. There is insufficient organic matrix, insufficient insect repellent components, excessive inorganic nutrients, excessive adjuvants, and insufficient microbial agents, resulting in nutritional imbalance, poor insect repellent effect, poor stability, and inability to meet the needs of crop growth. Its performance is significantly inferior to that of Example 2, proving the rationality and practicality of the raw material formulation range of this scheme.

[0062] Comparative Example 7: The raw materials consist of 50 parts decomposed straw, 3 parts azadirachtin extract, 10 parts urea, 5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts diatomaceous earth, and 0.3 parts Bacillus subtilis.

[0063] The preparation method involves conventional soaking and extraction of azadirachtin, fermentation of a single organic matrix for 3 days, mixing and direct granulation without coating treatment, and the remaining steps refer to conventional fertilizer preparation methods.

[0064] This comparative example is a typical solution of similar products in the prior art. It uses a single insect repellent ingredient, a single organic matrix, a traditional extraction process, simple fermentation, no coating treatment, and no Beauveria bassiana synergistic effect. Its insect repellent rate, duration of effect, fertilizer effect, and stability are significantly inferior to those of Examples 1-5 of this solution, further proving the difference between this solution and the prior art, as well as the rationality and progress of this solution.

[0065] The camphor extracts involved in the embodiments of this invention are all natural extracts containing core insect-repelling active ingredients such as camphor and camphene, obtained by extracting camphor branches, leaves, and trunks from camphor trees using ethanol solution. The raw materials are selected from disease-free and pest-free camphor plant parts to ensure the insect-repelling activity and purity of the extract. The water-retaining agents involved are all agricultural polymer water-retaining agents, preferably one or more of sodium polyacrylate, humic acid, and attapulgite composite water-retaining agents. These water-retaining agents have good water absorption, water retention, and slow-release properties, effectively improving the soil's water retention capacity in fertilizer systems. Simultaneously, the coating process enables the slow release of fertilizer nutrients and insect-repelling components, extending the fertilizer's duration of action. The selection and application of the above two types of components are consistent with the natural, environmentally friendly, and multifunctional synergistic design concept of this invention, and their specific types and usage methods are all within the protection scope of this invention. They can be flexibly adjusted according to actual cultivation soil conditions and crop types without affecting the core performance and implementation effect of the fertilizer of this invention.

[0066] Performance testing: To verify the superior performance of the fertilizer proposed in this solution, clarify the gap between this solution and existing technologies and comparative examples, and highlight its practicality, comprehensive performance tests were conducted on the products of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and commercially available similar fertilizers were selected as control samples. The test items included nutritional performance, insect-repelling performance, crop growth-promoting performance, environmental performance, and stability. The test methods followed relevant national standards and industry specifications, and all test data were specific measured values ​​to ensure authenticity and persuasiveness. The test results are presented in tabular form as follows, with supplementary paragraph-style result analysis following the test tables to clarify the correlation between the test data and the improvement points of the technical solution, thus improving the completeness and logic of the performance test.

[0067] Test samples and test conditions: The test samples were the finished fertilizer products prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-7, and the control samples of similar commercially available fertilizers (purchased from the local agricultural input market and labeled as containing natural insect repellent ingredients). Three parallel samples were taken from each group of samples, numbered to correspond to the examples, comparative examples and control samples. The test data of the parallel samples were taken as the average value, and the error was controlled within ±2% to ensure the reliability of the test data.

[0068] The test crops selected were common crops such as cucumber, tomato, cabbage, apple, and radish, representing leafy vegetables, fruit trees, and root vegetables, respectively, covering the main cultivated crop types in my country. They were used to test growth-promoting and insect-repelling properties to ensure the comprehensiveness and suitability of the test results. All test crop seeds were selected from the same batch, with plump grains and free from diseases and pests, and were soaked and germinated in advance to ensure consistent test standards.

[0069] The test soils were neutral loam, acidic loam, and alkaline loam, respectively, to test the compatibility of fertilizers in different soils, covering the main soil types in my country. The soil organic matter content was 1.5%, 1.2%, and 1.8%, respectively, and the pH values ​​were 7.0, 5.5, and 8.0, respectively. Before the test, the soil was sterilized to remove the original microorganisms and pest eggs in the soil to avoid interfering with the test results. At the same time, the basic nutrient content of the soil was measured as a control benchmark for nutrient changes after the test.

[0070] The potted plant testing environment was set at a temperature of 25℃±2℃, humidity of 65%±5%, and 12 hours / day of light (light intensity of 3000 lux). Regular ventilation was maintained to ensure environmental stability. The field testing environment was a flat, well-drained experimental field free from heavy metal pollution, with natural light, temperature, humidity, and soil conditions consistent with those of the potted plants. The stability testing environment was set at a normal temperature of 25℃±2℃ and a humid environment with humidity of 85%±3%. The samples were stored for 6 months, and their condition was checked regularly to prevent mold growth and clumping.

[0071] All test items were repeated in 3 groups. For potted plant tests, one plant was planted in each pot, and each group had 3 pots. For field tests, each plot was 10 square meters, and each group had 3 plots. A 50cm isolation strip was set between plots to avoid cross-contamination. The test data was the average of the 3 repeated tests, and one decimal place was retained to ensure the scientific validity and representativeness of the test data.

[0072] Test items and test methods: (1) Nutritional performance test: The test items included total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, organic matter content, and pH value. At the same time, the nutrient release rate of the fertilizer in different soils was tested (the test period was 30 days, and soil nutrient content was tested on the 7th, 15th, and 30th days respectively) to supplement the comprehensiveness of the fertilizer's nutritional performance.

[0073] The total nitrogen content was determined using the Kjeldahl method (GB / T8572-2010), the available phosphorus content using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method (GB / T8573-2017), the available potassium content using the flame photometry method (GB / T8574-2017), the organic matter content using the potassium dichromate titration method (GB / T19877-2005), and the pH value was determined using a pH meter (soil-water ratio 1:2.5, GB / T11901-1989). The nutrient release rate was determined using the soil incubation method, where fertilizer and soil were mixed evenly according to the application ratio, placed in the test environment for incubation, and samples were taken periodically to detect the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content in the soil and calculate the nutrient release rate.

[0074] (2) Insect repellency performance test: The test items target the insect repellency rate and insect control duration for cucumber aphids, tomato whiteflies, cabbage caterpillars, apple moths, and radish root-knot nematodes. At the same time, the residual amount of insect repellent ingredients in crops is tested to supplement the correlation test of environmentally friendly insect repellents.

[0075] The testing method involved pot experiments, with one crop planted in each pot. The corresponding sample fertilizer was applied at a rate of 20g per pot (calculated based on field fertilization). The blank control group received no fertilizer. Each group consisted of three parallel pots. When the crop reached the 3-leaf, 1-heart stage, it was inoculated with the corresponding pests: 50 aphids per plant, 30 whiteflies per plant, 20 cabbage caterpillars per plant, 15 moth larvae per plant, and 100 root-knot nematode larvae per pot. Pest numbers were surveyed at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after inoculation, and the pest control rate was calculated. The pest control duration was defined as the number of days the pest control rate remained ≥80%.

[0076] The formula for calculating the insect repellency rate is: Insect repellency rate = (Number of pests in the control group - Number of pests in the treatment group) ÷ Number of pests in the control group × 100%.

[0077] Insecticidal component residue test: The residue of natural insect repellent components in crop leaves and fruits was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (GB / T2762-2022), with a detection limit of 0.01 mg / kg, to ensure that the insect repellent components have no residual harm to crops.

[0078] (3) Crop growth promoting performance test: The test items include crop germination rate, plant height, fresh weight, yield, and quality indicators (vitamin C content, soluble sugar content). At the same time, the test also includes crop root activity and chlorophyll content to supplement details of growth-promoting performance and clarify the comprehensive impact of fertilizer on crop growth.

[0079] The germination rate was tested using the petri dish germination method (GB / T3543.4-1995), counting the number of germinated seeds within 7 days and calculating the germination rate. Plant height and fresh weight were measured at 45 days of crop growth. Plant height was measured with a ruler (accurate to 0.1 cm from the ground surface to the growing point), and fresh weight was measured using an electronic balance (accurate to 0.1 g). Yield was tested in a field, with each plot measuring 10 m². 2 The corresponding sample fertilizer was applied at a rate of 50 kg / mu, while the blank control group was not fertilized. After maturity, the yield of each plot was harvested and the yield per mu was calculated. The vitamin C content was determined by the iodometric method (GB / T6195-1986), the soluble sugar content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method (GB / T8210-2011), the root activity was determined by the TTC method, and the chlorophyll content was determined by spectrophotometry.

[0080] (4) Environmental performance test: The test items include heavy metal content (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, arsenic) and pesticide residues (organophosphates, pyrethroids). At the same time, the test also measures the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil after fertilizer application and soil enzyme activity (urease, phosphatase) to supplement the environmental protection performance on the soil environment and improve the environmental protection evaluation system.

[0081] The heavy metal content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GB / T23349-2022), and pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography (GB / T19648-2006), referring to the standard limits of GB20287-2006 "Agricultural Microbial Agents" and GB18877-2020 "Organic-Inorganic Compound Fertilizers". For soil heavy metal accumulation testing, 60 days after fertilizer application, soil samples were taken to test the contents of lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic. The accumulated amounts were calculated by comparing the soil heavy metal content with that before the test. Soil enzyme activity was determined by colorimetric method, with urease activity referring to GB / T19230.1-2003 and phosphatase activity referring to GB / T19230.2-2003.

[0082] (5) Stability test: The tests included fertilizer granule strength, moisture content changes, and insect repellent component retention rate. Additionally, the tests assessed fertilizer caking rate and microbial agent survival rate during storage, supplementing the stability test details to comprehensively evaluate the fertilizer's storage performance.

[0083] The test method involved storing the samples in a room temperature and humid environment for 6 months. Various indicators were measured at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months of storage: particle strength was measured using a particle strength tester (GB / T18877-2020), with 10 particles measured for each sample and the average value taken; moisture content was determined using the drying method (GB / T8576-2010); the retention rate of the insecticidal component was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the retention rate was calculated (retention rate = insecticidal component content after storage ÷ initial insecticidal component content × 100%); the clumping rate was determined using a sieving method, weighing the clumped particles and calculating the clumping rate (clumping rate = weight of clumped particles ÷ total sample weight × 100%); and the survival rate of the microbial agent was determined using the plate count method, calculating the survival rate (survival rate = number of microorganisms after storage ÷ initial number of microorganisms × 100%).

[0084] Test results: The nutritional performance test results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1: The results of the anthelmintic test are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2: The results of the crop growth-promoting performance test are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3: The environmental performance test results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4: The stability test results are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5: Based on the above five performance test data, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the performance of Examples 1-5, Comparative Examples 1-7, and commercially available control samples of this solution to clarify the technical advantages of this solution and its essential differences from existing technologies. The specific analysis is as follows: (1) In terms of nutritional performance, the nutrient content of Examples 1-5 of this scheme shows a trend of gradual optimization and improvement. Among them, the total nitrogen content of Example 5 reached 5.2%, available phosphorus 3.0%, available potassium 4.5%, and organic matter 45%, all of which were significantly higher than those of Comparative Examples 1-7 and commercially available control samples. Moreover, the pH value was stable between 6.8 and 7.3, making it suitable for various soil types, including neutral, acidic, and alkaline soils. In contrast, Comparative Example 6 had a total nitrogen content as high as 6.8% but only 18% organic matter due to the raw material ratio exceeding the protection range of this scheme, excessive inorganic nutrient components, and insufficient organic matrix. This resulted in a nutritional imbalance and extremely poor adaptability. The organic matter content of Comparative Example 7 and commercially available control samples was only 22%-23%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content was low, which could not meet the nutritional needs of different crop growth stages. This difference fully demonstrates that this scheme effectively improves the nutrient supply capacity and soil adaptability of fertilizers by optimizing the compound ratio of organic matrix and inorganic nutrient components and the staged fermentation process, and solves the defects of single nutrient ratio and poor adaptability of existing technologies.

[0085] (2) In terms of insect repellency, the advantages of this solution are particularly prominent. The insect repellency rates of Examples 1-5 against five common crop pests such as cucumber aphids and tomato whiteflies are maintained between 81.5% and 96.1%, and the insect repellency lasts for 35-55 days. Among them, the average insect repellency rate of Example 5 is over 94%, and the duration of effectiveness is 55 days, which is more than 60% higher than the commercially available control. In contrast, compared to the control examples, Control Example 1, lacking natural insect-repelling components and Beauveria bassiana, had an insect-repelling rate of less than 10% and no insect-preventing effect. Control Example 2 used a single insect-repelling component with an excessive ratio, resulting in a narrow insect-repelling spectrum, an insect-repelling rate of only 65.7%-75.3%, and a duration of effectiveness of only 22 days, while also causing slight phytotoxicity to crops. Control Example 3 lacked ultrasonic extraction technology, resulting in low utilization of the effective insect-repelling components and a significant decrease in insect-repelling effect and duration of effectiveness. Control Example 5, lacking Beauveria bassiana, could not achieve synergistic effects of plant-derived and fungal-derived insect repellents, and its insect-repelling rate and duration of effectiveness decreased by 10%-15% compared to Example 2. Control Example 7 and the commercially available control had an insect-repelling rate of only 65%-77% and a duration of effectiveness of 25-30 days, far lower than the examples in this scheme. The above comparison shows that this solution, through the combination of multiple plant-derived insecticidal components with Beauveria bassiana, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and antioxidant treatment, effectively broadens the insecticidal spectrum, improves the insecticidal effect and duration of effect, and achieves a breakthrough improvement in insecticidal function.

[0086] (3) Regarding crop growth promotion performance, the average germination rate, plant height, fresh weight, yield, and quality indicators of Examples 1-5 of this scheme all showed a steady upward trend. The average germination rate of Example 5 reached 96.8%, the average yield was 31.2 kg / 10 m², the vitamin C content was 43.5 mg / 100 g, and the soluble sugar content was 6.1%, which were 10.6%, 78.3%, 57.8%, and 62.2% higher than the commercially available control, respectively. Among the comparative examples, Comparative Example 6 had an average germination rate of only 82.3% and a yield of 14.5 kg / 10 m² due to unreasonable raw material ratio. 2 The results for Example 2 were the lowest among all samples. Comparative Example 2 suffered from excessive levels of insect-repellent components, resulting in crop growth being affected; plant height and fresh weight were lower than other samples. Comparative Example 4, lacking a staged fermentation process, had insufficient organic substrate decomposition, slow fertilizer release, and crop growth indicators lower than Example 2. Comparative Example 7 and the commercially available control generally showed poor growth-promoting effects, failing to achieve synergy between nutrient supply and insect repellent function, resulting in limited improvement in crop quality and yield. This fully demonstrates that this solution, through the synergistic ratio of organic-inorganic-microorganism-insect-repellent components, not only achieves insect repellent function but also effectively promotes crop growth, improves crop quality and yield, solving the problem of single-function limitations in existing technologies.

[0087] (4) Regarding environmental performance, the heavy metal (lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and arsenic) content in all embodiments of this scheme is far below the relevant standard limits of GB20287-2006 and GB18877-2020, and no pesticide residues were detected. Among them, the lead content of Example 5 was only 7.0 mg / kg and the cadmium content was 0.1 mg / kg, which was the lowest among all samples, indicating extremely high environmental safety. The heavy metal content of each comparative example and the commercially available control was higher than that of the embodiments. Among them, the lead content of Comparative Example 6 was 10.3 mg / kg and the chromium content was 20.5 mg / kg. Although it did not exceed the standard limit, its environmental performance was significantly inferior to that of this scheme. The cadmium and mercury content of Comparative Example 7 and the commercially available control were close to the standard limit, and long-term use may cause heavy metal accumulation in the soil. This result proves that this scheme uses natural insect repellent ingredients to replace chemical insect repellents, optimizes raw material screening and preparation processes, effectively reduces the heavy metal content in fertilizers, has no pesticide residues, meets the needs of environmentally friendly agricultural development, and solves the soil pollution problem caused by the abuse of existing insect repellents.

[0088] (5) Regarding stability, the fertilizer granules of Examples 1-5 of this scheme have high granule strength and small changes in moisture content. After 6 months, the granule strength retention rate reaches 89%-95%, and the insect repellent component retention rate reaches 82.3%-93.8%. Among them, Examples 4 and 5, due to the use of coating treatment and optimized drying process, have an insect repellent component retention rate of over 92%, and excellent stability. Among the comparative examples, Comparative Example 6 has the lowest granule strength, and after 6 months, the insect repellent component retention rate is only 72.1%, with the worst stability; Comparative Example 3, due to the lack of ultrasonic extraction process, has insufficient purity of insect repellent component, and the retention rate is less than 77%; Comparative Example 4, due to insufficient fermentation, has decreased fertilizer stability, and the moisture content changes by 2.4%; Comparative Example 7 and the commercially available control have an insect repellent component retention rate of only 73.4%-77.5% after 6 months, which is far lower than that of the examples of this scheme. This indicates that the proposed solution, through process optimization such as coating treatment, staged fermentation, and antioxidant extraction, effectively improves the stability of the fertilizer, reduces the loss of fertilizer efficacy and insect-repellent components, and extends the storage period and effectiveness of the fertilizer.

[0089] (6) In summary, the performance of Examples 1-5 of this scheme is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-7 and commercially available similar fertilizers, which fully demonstrates that the raw material compounding, process optimization and synergistic mechanism of this scheme have outstanding substantive features and significant progress. It can effectively solve all the shortcomings of the existing technology, realize the integration of insect repellent, soil nourishment, growth promotion and environmental protection, and has extremely high practicality and promotion value.

[0090] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients, characterized in that, By weight, it consists of 20-80 parts organic matrix, 0.5-10 parts natural insect repellent, 3-35 parts inorganic nutrient components, 0.05-2.0 parts microbial agent, 0.05-1.0 parts Beauveria bassiana, and 0.1-6 parts adjuvant. The natural insect repellent and Beauveria bassiana are combined to form a synergistic insect repellent system. This insect repellent system works synergistically with the organic matrix, inorganic nutrient components, microbial agent, and adjuvant to achieve the integration of insect repellency, nutrient supply, and soil improvement.

2. The fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The natural insect-repellent ingredient is azadirachtin extract, or a combination of azadirachtin extract with one or more of the following: artemisia extract, camphor extract, matrine, and pyrethrum extract.

3. The fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic substrate is one or more of the following: decomposed wheat straw, decomposed rice straw, decomposed sheep manure, humus, and distiller's grains.

4. The fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent is one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and brewer's yeast.

5. The fertilizer containing natural insect-repelling ingredients according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic nutrient components are one or more of the following: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and NPK compound fertilizer; the adjuvants are one or more of the following: polyacrylamide, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, and water-retaining agent.

6. A method for preparing a fertilizer containing natural insect-repellent ingredients as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Extraction of natural insect repellent ingredients: Take the natural insect repellent ingredient raw materials, crush them, add ethanol solution according to the material-liquid ratio, use ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and process the extracted product to obtain insect repellent concentrate. Activate and culture Beauveria bassiana to prepare a bacterial agent for later use. Step 2, Organic substrate pretreatment: Mix the organic substrate evenly, adjust the moisture content to 50%-60%, add half of the amount of microbial inoculant and compost for fermentation, control the fermentation environment indicators, and obtain the decomposed organic substrate; Step 3, Compound Mixing: Add the decomposed organic matrix, inorganic nutrients, and additives to the mixer and stir. Then add the insect repellent concentrate, the remaining microbial inoculant, and Beauveria bassiana inoculant and continue stirring to obtain the mixture. Step 4, Molding and Post-processing: Granulate the mixture, dry it to a moisture content of ≤12%, sieve it, coat it with a coating solution, and cool it to room temperature to obtain the finished product.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step one, the natural insect repellent ingredient raw material is pulverized to 40-80 mesh, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 60%-80%, and the material-to-liquid ratio is 1:10 to 1:20; the ultrasonic-assisted extraction power is 200W-400W, the extraction temperature is 40℃-60℃, and the extraction time is 30-60 minutes.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Vitamin C was added during the extraction process in step one, and the spore concentration of the Beauveria bassiana inoculum was 10^ 8 CFU / g-10^ 10 CFU / g; Post-extraction treatment is vacuum concentration until no ethanol residue remains, or vacuum concentration followed by freeze drying.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step two, the temperature for composting is 55℃-65℃, the fermentation time is 7-15 days, and the compost is turned over every 2-3 days during the fermentation process. The fermentation environment is controlled by maintaining the pH value at 6.5-7.5, and monitoring and controlling the temperature and moisture content of the fermentation system.

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step three, the initial stirring time is 15-30 minutes, and the secondary stirring time after adding the insect repellent concentrate is 20-40 minutes. In step four, the granulation pressure is 15MPa-25MPa, the granulation particle size is 2mm-5mm, the drying temperature is 60℃-80℃, and the coating solution is a solution made of one or more of the following: polyacrylamide, diatomaceous earth, sepiolite powder, sodium lignosulfonate, and water-retaining agent. The coating thickness is 0.1mm-0.3mm.

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