Anchor protection platform, tunneling support system and tunneling support construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an anchor protection platform, a tunneling support system and a tunneling support construction method, and belongs to the field of tunnel construction. The anchor protection platform comprises a frame body and anchor protection equipment installed on the frame body, the frame body is provided with a carrying part used for sitting on a carrying platform arranged on the cantilever type tunneling equipment, two sets of telescopic supporting legs are arranged on the frame body, and the two sets of telescopic supporting legs are located on the left side and the right side of the carrying part respectively. During use, the two sets of telescopic supporting legs are also located on the left side and the right side of the cantilever type tunneling equipment correspondingly and can lift the anchor protection platform from the cantilever type tunneling equipment through extension. The tunneling support system comprises the anchor protection platform. The tunneling support construction method comprises the following steps: carrying the anchor protection platform by using cantilever type tunneling equipment during movement, and separating the anchor protection platform from the cantilever type tunneling equipment during construction. The anchor protection platform can be carried by the cantilever type tunneling equipment to advance and can be separated from the cantilever type tunneling equipment to conduct supporting operation so as to isolate vibration, and cooperative movement and synchronous supporting are considered while timely supporting is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to an anchoring platform, a tunneling support system, and a tunneling support construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Cantilever tunneling machines are suitable as the core excavation equipment in roadway or tunnel projects that require flexibility and can cope with complex geology and variable cross-sectional shapes. Under normal circumstances, the cantilever tunneling machine itself cannot complete the support work. It is necessary to rely on supporting support equipment and teams to carry out support construction during the intervals or behind the tunneling cycle.

[0003] Traditionally, a cantilever tunneling machine needs to be followed by a trolley capable of installing anchor bolts. For example, an anchor bolt trolley disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN108868841A includes a chassis and a frame assembly mounted on the chassis. The frame assembly integrates a drilling device, a grouting device, and a basket assembly for injecting grout from the grouting device into the anchor bolt hole. This anchor bolt trolley can be self-propelled by tracks and can follow behind the cantilever tunneling machine to perform drilling, anchor bolt installation, and grouting operations.

[0004] In actual construction, the anchor support trolley does not closely follow the cantilever tunneling machine. Because wiring and pipelines need to be laid between the anchor support trolley and the cantilever tunneling machine, and it is also necessary to ensure that the two do not interfere with each other during operation and movement, there is generally a large distance between the anchor support trolley and the cantilever tunneling machine. This results in a large distance between the anchor support trolley and the excavation face, leading to an excessively large unsupported roof distance (distance between the exposed roof and the unsupported roof), which increases the safety risk of roof collapse.

[0005] In order to provide timely support, the equipment used for anchor bolt installation needs to be positioned forward, such as by integrating the anchor bolt installation equipment directly onto the cantilever tunneling machine, or by having the trolley equipped with the anchor bolt installation equipment straddle the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0006] A Chinese utility model patent with authorization announcement number CN207080223U discloses a rapid integrated tunneling and anchoring machine for coal mines. This machine integrates a cutting section for cutting operations and an anchor drilling section for drilling and anchoring operations on the same traveling platform, with the anchor drilling section positioned further forward to enable timely support. However, because the anchor drilling section and the cutting section are in a tightly coupled vibration system, the strong vibrations generated during cutting operations are directly transmitted to the anchor drilling section, severely affecting the drilling accuracy and anchor installation quality. Therefore, in many cases, support operations need to be performed alternately with cutting operations, impacting construction efficiency.

[0007] Chinese invention patent application CN113187476A discloses a suspended support platform for tunneling and anchoring operations. This platform can completely span above a cantilever tunneling machine, positioning the anchor bolt installation equipment forward and shortening the distance between the equipment and the excavation face, enabling timely support. This suspended support platform is completely separate from the cantilever tunneling machine and achieves self-propelled movement through its own walking system. This structure isolates vibration, improving drilling accuracy and anchor bolt installation precision.

[0008] However, the walking system incorporates internal and external support frames, a pushing mechanism, guide rail pulley blocks, and independent hydraulic power modules, resulting in high complexity and cost. Furthermore, the suspended support platform and the cantilever tunneling machine are spatially stacked independent systems, lacking an integrated connection design and exhibiting poor efficiency and coordination. This is mainly manifested in the following ways: First, in complex conditions such as slag accumulation at the bottom of the tunnel, the synchronization between the suspended support platform and the cantilever tunneling machine is poor. The suspended support platform cannot accurately step to the predetermined support position, increasing the time required for movement and hindering timely support. Second, the platform and the cantilever tunneling machine are two independent systems without a rigid connection. Their independent movement inevitably leads to trajectory deviations and intersections, posing a risk of collision and interference. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunneling support system to solve the technical problem that the existing technology cannot simultaneously achieve coordinated movement and vibration isolation between cantilever tunneling equipment and anchoring platform.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to provide an anchoring platform that can be combined with cantilever tunneling equipment to form a tunneling support system, thereby solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0011] Another objective of this invention is to provide a tunneling support construction method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention is as follows: A tunneling support system includes a cantilever tunneling machine and an anchoring platform that can be carried on the cantilever tunneling machine. The cantilever tunneling machine has a carrying platform for carrying the anchoring platform. The anchoring platform includes a frame and anchoring equipment mounted on the frame. The frame has a mounting part for sitting on the carrying platform. Two sets of telescopic outriggers are provided on the frame. The two sets of telescopic outriggers are located on the left and right sides of the mounting part and also on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling machine, respectively. The telescopic outriggers can lift the anchoring platform from the cantilever tunneling machine by extending.

[0013] As a further improvement, one of the loading platform and the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion, and the other is provided with a docking recess that can dock with and detach from the docking protrusion. When the mounting part sits on the loading platform, the docking protrusion and the docking recess are in a docking state to provide constraint on the anchoring platform in the horizontal plane.

[0014] As a further improvement, the mating protrusion is a plug, the mating recess is a plug hole that mates with the plug, and the end of the plug is provided with an outer conical surface structure for guiding the insertion and / or the opening of the plug hole is provided with an inner conical surface structure for guiding the insertion.

[0015] As a further improvement, the anchoring equipment includes a mesh lifting device and a top anchor installation device. The mesh lifting device includes a telescopic column installed on the frame and a mesh support frame installed on top of the telescopic column. The top anchor installation device is installed below the mesh support frame, and a window is provided on the mesh support frame at the position corresponding to the top anchor installation device for the top anchor installation device to drive anchor bolts.

[0016] As a further improvement, the mounting section includes two load-bearing beams distributed on the left and right sides, which extend forward and backward. A connecting plate is provided between the two load-bearing beams to connect them. The bottom surface of the load-bearing beam is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting plate and is used to contact the loading platform.

[0017] As a further improvement, the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing beam is L-shaped, including a horizontal part and a vertical part. The bottom surface of the horizontal part is used to contact the loading platform, and the vertical part is connected to the connecting plate. The angled spaces enclosed by the horizontal and vertical parts of the two load-bearing beams are set away from each other.

[0018] As a further improvement, the frame has support sections located on the left and right sides of the mounting section and extending downwards. Two sets of telescopic outriggers are respectively set at the bottom of the two support sections. The two support sections are located on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling equipment, and the left-right distance between the two support sections is greater than the left-right width of the cantilever tunneling equipment.

[0019] As a further improvement, the cantilever tunneling equipment includes a tunneling host with a jacking platform mounted on it.

[0020] As a further improvement, the cantilever tunneling equipment includes a tunneling host and a muck removal unit extending rearward from the tunneling host, with a loading platform mounted on the muck removal unit.

[0021] The beneficial effects are as follows: The tunneling support system provided by this invention is a pioneering invention. In this system, the anchoring platform is used in combination with the cantilever tunneling equipment, resulting in a shorter distance between the support location and the excavation face, and stronger timeliness of support. During construction, the anchoring platform can be independently supported on the ground by its own telescopic outriggers, achieving vibration isolation from the cantilever tunneling equipment. This allows the anchoring platform to perform support operations without vibration interference while the cantilever tunneling equipment is performing cutting operations, enabling safe, efficient, and high-precision simultaneous cutting and support. After completing cutting and support operations at one work location, the anchoring platform can be lowered and mounted on the cantilever tunneling equipment, allowing it to be carried by the equipment and synchronously moved to the next work location. The anchoring platform does not require a separate walking system, simplifying its structure. Furthermore, the coordinated movement of the anchoring platform and the cantilever tunneling equipment avoids problems such as inaccurate anchoring platform positioning and collisions or interference during their movement.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the anchoring platform provided by this invention is as follows: An anchoring platform includes a frame and anchoring equipment mounted on the frame. The frame has a mounting section for sitting on a pedestal set on a cantilever tunneling machine. The frame is provided with two sets of telescopic outriggers, which are located on the left and right sides of the mounting section, respectively. In use, the two sets of telescopic outriggers are also located on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling machine and can be extended to lift the anchoring platform off the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0023] As a further improvement, the lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion for engaging with a docking recess on the loading platform, or a docking recess for engaging with a docking protrusion on the loading platform.

[0024] As a further improvement, the lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion, which is an insertion post with an outer conical surface structure at the end; or the lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking recess, which is an insertion hole with an inner conical surface structure at the opening.

[0025] As a further improvement, the anchoring equipment includes a mesh lifting device and a top anchor installation device. The mesh lifting device includes a telescopic column installed on the frame and a mesh support frame installed on top of the telescopic column. The top anchor installation device is installed below the mesh support frame, and a window is provided on the mesh support frame at the position corresponding to the top anchor installation device for the top anchor installation device to drive anchor bolts.

[0026] As a further improvement, the mounting section includes two load-bearing beams distributed on the left and right sides, which extend forward and backward. A connecting plate is provided between the two load-bearing beams to connect them. The bottom surface of the load-bearing beam is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting plate and is used to contact the loading platform.

[0027] As a further improvement, the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing beam is L-shaped, including a horizontal part and a vertical part. The bottom surface of the horizontal part is used to contact the loading platform, and the vertical part is connected to the connecting plate. The angled spaces enclosed by the horizontal and vertical parts of the two load-bearing beams are set away from each other.

[0028] As a further improvement, the frame has support sections located on the left and right sides of the mounting section and extending downwards, with two sets of telescopic outriggers respectively set at the bottom of the two support sections.

[0029] The beneficial effects are as follows: The anchoring platform provided by this invention is a pioneering invention. This anchoring platform, combined with a cantilever tunneling machine, forms a complete tunneling support system. The distance between the support position and the excavation face is short, and the support is timely. During construction, the anchoring platform can be independently supported on the ground by its own telescopic outriggers, achieving vibration isolation from the cantilever tunneling machine. Thus, while the cantilever tunneling machine is performing cutting operations, the anchoring platform can perform support operations without vibration interference, allowing cutting and support to be carried out safely, efficiently, and with high precision simultaneously. After completing cutting and support operations at one work position, the anchoring platform can be lowered and mounted on the cantilever tunneling machine, allowing it to be carried by the machine and synchronously moved to the next work position. The anchoring platform does not require a separate walking system, simplifying its structure. Furthermore, the coordinated movement of the anchoring platform and the cantilever tunneling machine avoids problems such as inaccurate positioning of the anchoring platform and collisions or interference during their movement.

[0030] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the tunneling support construction method provided by this invention is as follows: A tunneling support construction method involves moving a cantilever tunneling machine carrying an anchor support platform synchronously to a predetermined working position during one tunnel construction cycle. After the cantilever tunneling machine stops, the anchor support platform is supported on the ground by its own support equipment or with the help of external support equipment and is lifted upward to separate from the cantilever tunneling machine. Then, the cantilever tunneling machine and the anchor support platform simultaneously carry out cutting and support operations, respectively. After the cutting and support operations are completed, the anchor support platform is lowered and sits back on the cantilever tunneling machine.

[0031] The beneficial effects are as follows: The tunneling support construction method provided by this invention is a pioneering invention. This method allows the anchoring platform to be moved by the cantilever tunneling equipment, eliminating the need for a separate walking system, thus simplifying the structure. Furthermore, the coordinated movement of the anchoring platform and the cantilever tunneling equipment avoids problems such as inaccurate positioning of the anchoring platform and collisions or interference during their movement. During construction, the anchoring platform can be separated from the cantilever tunneling equipment to isolate vibrations, allowing the anchoring platform to perform support operations without vibration interference while the cantilever tunneling equipment performs cutting operations. This enables safe, efficient, and high-precision simultaneous cutting and support. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunneling host in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another tunneling host in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the anchoring platform from the front view in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the anchoring platform in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the anchoring platform from a top-down view in Embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Tunneling machine; 11. Base; 12. Cutting device; 13. Loading platform; 14. Insertion hole; 2. Slag removal unit; 3. Anchoring platform; 31. Frame; 311. Bearing beam; 312. Connecting plate; 313. Insertion column; 314. Support part; 315. Intermediate platform; 316. Left side platform; 317. Right side platform; 318. Mounting frame; 32. Anchoring equipment; 321. Mesh lifting device; 3211. Telescopic column; 3212. Mesh support frame; 3213. Window; 322. Top anchor bolt installation device; 323. Side anchor bolt installation device; 324. Operating platform; 325. Horizontal guide rail; 326. Vertical guide rail; 33. Telescopic outrigger; 4. Stepping support device. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0035] Specific embodiment 1 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: See appendix Figure 1 The tunneling support system includes a cantilever tunneling machine and an anchoring platform 3. The cantilever tunneling machine includes a tunneling host 1 and a muck removal unit 2 extending rearward from the tunneling host 1.

[0036] See appendix Figure 2 The tunneling machine 1 includes a base 11 and a cutting device 12 disposed on the upper front side of the base 11. A loading platform 13 is provided on the upper rear side of the base 11. A through groove extending from front to back is provided at the lower end of the base 11, and the slag discharge unit 2 passes through the through groove so that its front end is located on the front side of the base 11.

[0037] The tunneling machine 1 is equipped with a travel system, which can be either a stepping travel system or a tracked travel system. The stepping travel system is used in... Figure 2 The tunneling machine 1 shown mainly includes a slide rail mounted on a base 11 and extending back and forth. A sliding seat is installed on the slide rail. A drive cylinder is provided between the sliding seat and the base 11, capable of driving the sliding seat to slide back and forth relative to the base 11. The sliding seat is equipped with multiple lifting cylinders that can extend downwards to support the ground and lift the entire tunneling machine 1 off the ground. The lifting cylinders lift the base 11, and then the drive cylinders drive the base 11 to slide forward. Finally, the base 11 is lowered, completing one step. The tracked walking system is applied to... Figure 3 The tracked walking system on the tunneling machine 1 shown is a mature technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0038] The slag discharge unit 2 includes a scraper conveyor and a loading device located at the front end of the scraper conveyor. The loading device is located at the front of the base 11 and can load the cut slag onto the scraper conveyor. The slag is then transferred backward through the scraper conveyor and finally falls from the tail end of the scraper conveyor onto the belt conveyor or a transport vehicle.

[0039] The anchoring platform 3 is positioned at the location of the tunneling machine 1 and can be lifted and moved by the tunneling machine 1. (See appendix.) Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 and appendix Figure 6 The anchoring platform 3 includes a frame 31 and anchoring devices 32 mounted on the frame 31. The frame 31 includes a mounting section and support sections 314 respectively located on the left and right sides of the mounting section. The support sections 314 extend downwards, making the frame 31 as a whole inverted U-shape. The mounting section can sit on the carrier platform 13 on the tunneling host 1, and can move the entire anchoring platform 3 forward together with the tunneling host 1 during its forward movement. The distance between the two support sections 314 in the left and right direction is greater than the left and right width of the base of the tunneling host 1. When the mounting section of the anchoring platform 3 sits on the carrier platform 13 of the tunneling host 1, the two support sections 314 are located on the left and right sides of the base of the tunneling host 1, respectively, and maintain a certain distance from the base.

[0040] The anchoring platform 3 also includes two sets of telescopic outriggers 33, which are respectively installed at the lower ends of the two support parts 314. The telescopic outriggers 33 have two states: extended and retracted. When the telescopic outriggers 33 are retracted, the anchoring platform 3 sits on the tunneling host 1, and the lower end of the telescopic outriggers 33 is off the ground. When the telescopic outriggers 33 are extended, the lower end of the telescopic outriggers 33 supports the ground and lifts the anchoring platform 3 off the tunneling host 1, thus separating the anchoring platform 3 from the tunneling host 1.

[0041] The tunneling support system's single work cycle is divided into a moving phase and a construction phase. During the moving phase, the telescopic outriggers 33 of the anchor platform 3 are retracted, and the anchor platform 3 sits on the carrier platform 13 of the tunneling host 1. The tunneling host 1 moves forward, simultaneously carrying the anchor platform 3 to the predetermined position. During the construction phase, the tunneling host 1 remains stationary, and then the telescopic outriggers 33 on the anchor platform 3 extend and support the ground, lifting the anchor platform 3 and separating it from the tunneling host 1. Afterward, the tunneling host 1 uses its extendable cutting device 12 to perform cutting operations at the excavation face, while the anchoring equipment 32 on the anchor platform 3 performs support operations. After the cutting and support operations are completed synchronously, the system enters the moving phase of the next cycle, where the telescopic outriggers 33 slowly retract, allowing the anchor platform 3 to sit back on the tunneling host 1.

[0042] During the moving phase, the anchoring platform 3 can move synchronously with the tunneling machine 1, thus preventing any deviation or intersection of their movement trajectories and eliminating the risk of collision or interference. Furthermore, the positioning of the tunneling machine 1 means that the anchoring platform 3 is also in place, eliminating the need for separate position adjustments and saving time, which facilitates more timely support. During the construction phase, the anchoring platform 3 is completely separated from the tunneling machine 1, with no medium for vibration transmission between them, achieving complete vibration isolation. The stable working platform provides an excellent working environment for the anchoring equipment 32, effectively ensuring borehole verticality, anchor bolt installation angle, and preload, thereby improving support quality and roadway safety.

[0043] The mounting section of the frame 31 includes two load-bearing beams 311 and a connecting plate 312 connecting the two load-bearing beams 311. The two load-bearing beams 311 are distributed left and right and extend back and forth. The connecting plate 312 extends left and right. The bottom surface of the load-bearing beams 311 is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting plate 312. In use, the bottom surface of the load-bearing beams 311 contacts the loading platform 13, and the connecting plate 312 is suspended.

[0044] The cross-section of the supporting beam 311 is L-shaped, including a horizontal section and a vertical section. The bottom surface of the horizontal section serves as the contact surface with the supporting platform. The two supporting beams 311 are arranged opposite each other in the angular space enclosed by the horizontal and vertical sections. A connecting plate 312 connects the vertical sections of the two supporting beams 311. The upper side of the connecting plate 312 forms a platform for personnel to stand on, and the upper surface of the connecting plate 312 is flush with the upper end surface of the vertical section of the supporting beam 311.

[0045] The loading platform 13 and the mounting part are provided with a docking protrusion on one side and a docking recess on the other side, which can dock with and detach from the docking protrusion. The vertical docking mechanism is specifically a pin 313, and the docking recess is specifically a hole 14 that is inserted into the pin 313. In one embodiment of this implementation, the pin 313 is provided on the lower surface of the supporting beam 311, and the hole 14 is provided on the loading platform 13. In other embodiments, the positions of the pin 313 and the hole 14 can be interchanged.

[0046] The insert 313 can be a cylinder, a rectangular column, or a column of other shapes. The insert 313 can be directly inserted into the insertion hole 14 downwards and directly pulled out of the insertion hole 14 upwards. The docking and disassembly of the insert 313 and the insertion hole 14 are relatively convenient and quick. When the mounting unit sits on the carrier platform 13, the insert 313 is inserted into the insertion hole 14, that is, the docking protrusion and the docking recess are in a docking state. At this time, the insert 313 and the insertion hole 14 can provide mutual constraint in the horizontal plane, thereby enabling the anchoring platform 3 to be constrained in the corresponding direction. During the process of the tunneling host 1 carrying the anchoring platform 3, it can prevent the anchoring platform 3 from slipping or moving relative to the tunneling host 1 in the horizontal direction.

[0047] The end of the insertion post 313 is provided with an outer conical surface structure, and the entire sidewall of the insertion hole 14 is an inner conical surface structure. After the insertion post 313 and the insertion hole 14 are fully inserted, the outer conical surface at the end of the insertion post 313 and the inner conical surface near the bottom of the insertion hole 14 cooperate with each other. This design allows for more positional deviation margin when the insertion post 313 and the insertion hole 14 are inserted, which can accommodate the slight positional displacement that may occur during the construction phase of the tunneling machine 1 or the anchoring platform 3.

[0048] Of course, in other embodiments, the outer peripheral surface of the insertion post 313 can also be entirely a conical surface. After the insertion post 313 is inserted into the insertion hole 14, the outer conical surface of the insertion post 313 mates with the inner conical surface of the insertion hole 14. Alternatively, the inner conical surface of the insertion hole 14 can be provided only at the opening, with the rest being cylindrical. In this way, the initial engagement of the outer and inner conical surfaces during the insertion of the insertion post 313 into the insertion hole 14 can serve as a guide. After insertion, the cylindrical portion of the insertion post 313 mates with the cylindrical portion of the insertion hole 14. Furthermore, conical surfaces can be provided only on the insertion post 313 or only on the insertion hole 14, which can also serve as a guide for insertion.

[0049] In this embodiment, the upper surface of the connecting plate 312 forms an intermediate platform 315, and the upper surfaces of the two support parts 314 respectively form a left platform 316 and a right platform 317. The left platform 316, the right platform 317 and the intermediate platform 315 can all be used to arrange anchoring equipment 32, and can also be used for personnel to stand and operate equipment or assist in support operations.

[0050] The anchoring equipment 32 includes a mesh lifting device 321, a top anchor bolt installation device 322, and a side anchor bolt installation device 323. Each of the mesh lifting device 321, the top anchor bolt installation device 322, and the side anchor bolt installation device 323 is equipped with an operating platform 324, and the operating platform 324 is located near the corresponding device.

[0051] The mesh lifting device 321 is installed on the intermediate platform 315 and includes two telescopic columns 3211 and a mesh support frame 3212 installed on the top of the telescopic columns 3211. The left and right length of the mesh support frame 3212 is slightly greater than the left and right width of the frame 31. During the anchoring process, the mesh is placed on the mesh support frame 3212, and then the telescopic columns 3211 lift the mesh support frame 3212 upward. The mesh support frame 3212 lifts the mesh to the top wall of the tunnel and makes it fit tightly against the top wall of the tunnel.

[0052] Two sets of top anchor bolt installation devices 322 are provided, respectively installed on the left platform 316 and the right platform 317, both located below the net support frame 3212. The net support frame 3212 has windows 3213 at positions corresponding to the two sets of top anchor bolt installation devices 322 for driving anchor bolts, the size of which matches the installation range of the top anchor bolts.

[0053] After the mesh is lifted, two sets of top anchor bolt installation devices 322 drive anchor bolts into the tunnel roof at corresponding positions, and use the pads on the top anchor bolts to firmly press the mesh onto the rock surface, achieving reliable fixation of the mesh. Combining the mesh lifting device 321 and the top anchor bolt installation device 322 enables rapid installation of the mesh, improves construction efficiency, and facilitates timely support.

[0054] Two sets of side anchor bolt installation devices 323 are also provided, used to install anchor bolts on the left and right walls of the tunnel, respectively. The side anchor bolt installation devices 323 are installed after the top anchor bolt installation devices 322 to ensure that the mesh can be installed as early as possible and to prevent the falling of gravel.

[0055] The top anchor bolt installation devices 322 are all installed on the transverse guide rails 325 extending in the left and right directions, so that their position can be adjusted in the left and right directions according to construction needs. In addition, the top anchor bolt installation devices 322 themselves can be adjusted at certain angles in various directions, which greatly improves the flexibility of construction and ensures that the top anchor drilling machine can accurately position and cover all the preset anchor bolt holes within the range of the roadway roof.

[0056] The side anchor bolt installation devices 323 are all installed on the vertical guide rails 326 extending in the vertical direction, so that their vertical position can be adjusted according to construction needs. Moreover, the side anchor bolt installation devices 323 themselves can also be adjusted within a certain range of angles in various directions, giving them good flexibility and enabling them to cover anchor bolts of different heights and angles on the roadway sidewall.

[0057] Two vertical guide rails 326 can be installed on the left platform 316 and the right platform 317 respectively. However, considering that the side anchor bolt installation devices 323 face left and right respectively, they will occupy a large space in the left and right directions. Therefore, in one embodiment of this invention, the two vertical guide rails 326 are arranged between the left platform 316 and the right platform 317. If the middle platform 315 extends to this location, they can be installed on the middle platform 315. If the middle platform 315 does not extend to this location, they can be installed on a structure such as a mounting bracket 318. Then, the mounting bracket 318 is fixedly connected to the two side support parts 314 or to the connecting plate 312.

[0058] Since the top anchor bolt installation device 322 is used vertically upwards, it occupies a large vertical space. To facilitate construction, sunken platforms are installed at the front of the top anchor bolt installation device 322 on both the left platform 316 and the right platform 317 to lower the installation position of the top anchor bolt installation device 322. Simultaneously, because the middle platform 315 is relatively high, the mesh lifting device 321 is placed on the middle platform 315, allowing for a higher initial position of the mesh support frame 3212 and freeing up more space below it.

[0059] The number and position of the top anchor bolt installation device 322 and the side anchor bolt installation device 323 can be adjusted according to requirements. For example, in other embodiments of this implementation, four sets of both the top anchor bolt installation device 322 and the side anchor bolt installation device 323 are provided. Two sets of the top anchor bolt installation device 322 are provided on each side, with the top anchor bolt installation devices 322 on the same side arranged front and back. Two sets of the side anchor bolt installation devices 323 are provided on each side, with the side anchor bolt installation devices 323 on the same side arranged front and back. Depending on the cross-sectional dimensions of different roadways and construction requirements, the combination of single or multiple top anchor bolt installation devices 322 and side anchor bolt installation devices 323 can be flexibly configured, and their relative positions and operating sequences can be adjusted, without being limited to a fixed structural layout.

[0060] The telescopic outriggers 33 and various anchoring devices 32 on the anchoring platform 3 are all hydraulically driven. They can be connected to the hydraulic system of the cantilever tunneling equipment through flexible hydraulic pipelines, or an independent hydraulic system can be set on the anchoring platform 3.

[0061] The tunneling support system can be configured with an independent stepping support device 4 for advance temporary support near the excavation face. Alternatively, an advance support device can be installed on the tunneling machine 1, which is raised before the cutting operation to provide advance support near the excavation face.

[0062] Specific embodiment 2 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on embodiment 1, but differs from embodiment 1 in that the loading platform in this embodiment is set on the slag discharge unit.

[0063] Specifically, the scraper conveyor of the slag removal unit is fixedly equipped with an inverted U-shaped support, the upper surface of which forms a carrying platform. The scraper conveyor is equipped with wheels and is connected to the tunneling machine. As the tunneling machine moves forward, it drives the scraper conveyor to move together, and then moves the anchoring platform.

[0064] Specific embodiment 3 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the frame in this embodiment is a flat structure. The middle part is the mounting part for sitting on the loading platform, and two sets of telescopic legs are respectively set at the left and right edges of the frame.

[0065] For a flat frame structure, its top surface is a complete plane. Therefore, in this embodiment, there is no distinction between the left, middle and right platforms. However, the mesh lifting device, the top anchor installation device and the side anchor installation device can still be arranged according to the relative positional relationship in embodiment 1.

[0066] Specific embodiment 4 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that an accumulator or damping valve is added to the hydraulic circuit of the telescopic outrigger to form a semi-active vibration suppression system, so as to better adapt to the working conditions with strong vibration.

[0067] Specific embodiment 5 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the load-bearing beam in this embodiment is a rectangular beam, and the connecting plate overlaps on top of the two rectangular beams.

[0068] Specific embodiment 6 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the mating protrusion in this embodiment is a ball head protruding from the bottom surface of the bearing beam, and the mating recess is a ball socket set on the loading platform.

[0069] Specific embodiment 7 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that the docking recess in this embodiment is a clamping jaw set on the loading platform. After the insert is inserted into the clamping jaw, the clamping jaw clamps the insert. This design can further increase the adaptability of the tunneling machine or anchoring platform to positional displacement during the construction phase.

[0070] Specific embodiment 8 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that no docking protrusions or recesses are provided between the carrier platform and the mounting part in this embodiment. Instead, when the mounting part sits on the carrier platform, the anchoring platform is constrained by the friction between the two. Since the tunneling host moves at a relatively low speed during the moving phase, the probability of the anchoring platform shifting away from the tunneling host due to inertia is relatively small. Therefore, the anchoring platform can remain stable on the tunneling host by relying on friction, without requiring strong constraint.

[0071] However, considering that the tunnel floor may be uneven and vibrations may occur during movement, in order to enhance the restraint effect on the anchoring platform in the horizontal plane under such circumstances, in one embodiment of this method, a rubber anti-slip pad is provided on one of the mounting part and the carrying platform, and anti-slip patterns are formed on the surface of the rubber anti-slip pad. Providing a rubber anti-slip pad not only increases friction but also acts as a buffer and shock absorber.

[0072] Specific embodiment 9 of the tunneling support system provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that four sets of both the top anchor bolt installation device and the side anchor bolt installation device are provided in this embodiment. Two sets of the top anchor bolt installation device are provided on each side, and the top anchor bolt installation devices located on the same side are arranged front to back. Two sets of the side anchor bolt installation device are provided on each side, and the side anchor bolt installation devices located on the same side are arranged front to back.

[0073] Specific embodiments of the anchoring platform provided by this invention: The structure of the anchoring platform is the same as that of the anchoring platform in the specific implementation of the above-mentioned tunneling support system. It can be used in conjunction with cantilever tunneling equipment equipped with a tracked walking system or with cantilever tunneling equipment equipped with a walking system. In specific applications, it can be set at the tunneling host of the cantilever tunneling equipment or at the muck removal unit of the cantilever tunneling equipment.

[0074] Specific implementation methods of the tunneling support construction method provided by the present invention: This tunnel construction method is used in tunnels or roadways constructed using cantilever tunneling equipment. The construction process can be divided into several cyclic operation cycles, each of which has a moving phase and a construction phase.

[0075] During the moving phase, the anchoring platform used for support operations sits on the cantilever tunneling equipment used for cutting operations, and the cantilever tunneling equipment carries the anchoring platform to move synchronously to the predetermined working position.

[0076] During the construction phase, the cantilever tunneling equipment is parked, and the anchoring platform is supported on the ground by its own support equipment or with the help of external support equipment and is lifted up to separate from the cantilever tunneling equipment. Then, the cantilever tunneling equipment and the anchoring platform simultaneously carry out cutting and support operations respectively. After the cutting and support operations are completed, the anchoring platform is lowered and sits back on the cantilever tunneling equipment.

[0077] After the anchoring platform is remounted on the cantilever tunneling equipment, it can enter the next construction cycle.

[0078] The support equipment of the aforementioned anchoring platform itself can be outriggers that can extend and retract vertically and are installed on the anchoring platform. When the anchoring platform needs to be placed on the cantilever tunneling equipment, the outriggers retract, and when the anchoring platform needs to be supported, the outriggers extend.

[0079] The aforementioned external support equipment can be multiple independent jacks. When it is necessary to lift the anchoring platform, the jacks are placed between the left and right sides of the anchoring platform and the ground, and then the anchoring platform is lifted using the jacks. The external support equipment can also be a lifting device that mounts multiple jacks on the same base. The external support equipment can also be various lifting platforms, such as scissor lift platforms.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunneling support system, characterized in that, The device includes a cantilever tunneling machine and an anchoring platform that can be carried on the cantilever tunneling machine. The cantilever tunneling machine has a carrying platform for carrying the anchoring platform. The anchoring platform includes a frame and anchoring equipment mounted on the frame. The frame has a mounting section for sitting on the carrying platform. The frame is equipped with two sets of telescopic outriggers, which are located on the left and right sides of the mounting section and also on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling machine. The telescopic outriggers can lift the anchoring platform from the cantilever tunneling machine by extending.

2. The tunneling support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the carrier platform and the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion, and the other is provided with a docking recess that can dock with and detach from the docking protrusion. When the mounting part sits on the carrier platform, the docking protrusion and the docking recess are in a docking state to provide constraint on the anchoring platform in the horizontal plane.

3. The tunneling support system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protrusion is a plug, the recess is a socket for insertion and mating with the plug, and the end of the plug is provided with an outer conical surface structure for guiding insertion and / or the opening of the socket is provided with an inner conical surface structure for guiding insertion.

4. The tunneling support system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The anchoring equipment includes a mesh lifting device and a top anchor installation device. The mesh lifting device includes a telescopic column installed on the frame and a mesh support frame installed on top of the telescopic column. The top anchor installation device is located below the mesh support frame, and the mesh support frame has a window for the top anchor installation device to drive anchor bolts at the position corresponding to the position of the top anchor installation device.

5. The tunneling support system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The mounting section includes two load-bearing beams distributed on the left and right sides, which extend forward and backward. A connecting plate is provided between the two load-bearing beams to connect them. The bottom surface of the load-bearing beam is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting plate and is used to contact the loading platform.

6. The tunneling support system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing beam is L-shaped, including a horizontal part and a vertical part. The bottom surface of the horizontal part is used to contact the loading platform, and the vertical part is connected to the connecting plate. The angled spaces enclosed by the horizontal and vertical parts of the two load-bearing beams are set away from each other.

7. The tunneling support system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The frame has support sections located on the left and right sides of the mounting section and extending downwards. Two sets of telescopic outriggers are respectively set at the bottom of the two support sections. The two support sections are located on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling equipment, and the left and right distance between the two support sections is greater than the left and right width of the cantilever tunneling equipment.

8. The tunneling support system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cantilever tunneling equipment includes a tunneling host and a jacking platform mounted on the tunneling host.

9. The tunneling support system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cantilever tunneling equipment includes a tunneling host and a muck removal unit extending rearward from the tunneling host, with a loading platform mounted on the muck removal unit.

10. An anchoring platform, characterized in that, The system includes a frame and anchoring equipment mounted on the frame. The frame has a mounting section for sitting on a platform set on a cantilever tunneling machine. The frame is equipped with two sets of telescopic outriggers, which are located on the left and right sides of the mounting section, respectively. In use, the two sets of telescopic outriggers are also located on the left and right sides of the cantilever tunneling machine and can be extended to lift the anchoring platform off the cantilever tunneling machine.

11. The anchoring platform according to claim 10, characterized in that, The lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion for engaging with a docking recess on the loading platform, or a docking recess for engaging with a docking protrusion on the loading platform.

12. The anchoring platform according to claim 11, characterized in that, The lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking protrusion, which is an insertion post with an outer conical surface structure at the end; or the lower side of the mounting part is provided with a docking recess, which is an insertion hole with an inner conical surface structure at the opening.

13. The anchoring platform according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The anchoring equipment includes a mesh lifting device and a top anchor installation device. The mesh lifting device includes a telescopic column installed on the frame and a mesh support frame installed on top of the telescopic column. The top anchor installation device is located below the mesh support frame, and the mesh support frame has a window for the top anchor installation device to drive anchor bolts at the position corresponding to the position of the top anchor installation device.

14. The anchoring platform according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The mounting section includes two load-bearing beams distributed on the left and right sides, which extend forward and backward. A connecting plate is provided between the two load-bearing beams to connect them. The bottom surface of the load-bearing beam is lower than the bottom surface of the connecting plate and is used to contact the loading platform.

15. The anchoring platform according to claim 14, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing beam is L-shaped, including a horizontal part and a vertical part. The bottom surface of the horizontal part is used to contact the loading platform, and the vertical part is connected to the connecting plate. The angled spaces enclosed by the horizontal and vertical parts of the two load-bearing beams are set away from each other.

16. The anchoring platform according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, The frame has support sections located on the left and right sides of the mounting section and extending downwards, and two sets of telescopic outriggers are respectively set at the bottom of the two support sections.

17. A method for tunneling support construction, characterized in that, in During one cycle of tunnel construction, the cantilever tunneling equipment carries the anchoring platform and moves it synchronously to the predetermined working position. After the cantilever tunneling equipment stops, the anchoring platform is supported on the ground by its own support equipment or with the help of external support equipment and is lifted upward to separate from the cantilever tunneling equipment. Then, the cantilever tunneling equipment and the anchoring platform simultaneously carry out cutting and support operations, respectively. After the cutting and support operations are completed, the anchoring platform is lowered and sits back on the cantilever tunneling equipment.

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