Horizontal shaft type cutting mechanism and horizontal shaft type heading machine

Abstract

The invention provides a transverse shaft type cutting mechanism and a transverse shaft type heading machine, and belongs to the field of tunnel construction equipment. The transverse shaft type cutting mechanism comprises a speed reducer, a cutting head and a spraying flow distribution mechanism, a flow distribution channel is arranged in the spraying flow distribution mechanism, an overflow cavity is arranged in the transverse shaft type cutting mechanism, and a sealing sleeve is installed between the cutting head and an end cover of the speed reducer in a sealing mode. A dynamic sealing structure is arranged between the speed reducer end cover and the outer peripheral surface of a water inlet seat fixed on a rotating shaft of the speed reducer in the spray flow distribution mechanism; and an overflow water channel which is communicated with an overflow cavity and is used for leading leaked water to the outer surface of the transverse shaft type cutting mechanism is arranged in the transverse shaft type cutting mechanism. The horizontal shaft type heading machine comprises the horizontal shaft type cutting mechanism. On the basis of an existing cutting mechanism capable of spraying directionally, internal leaked water can be discharged to the outer surface in time by improving the structure, gear oil and bearing lubricating oil are prevented from being polluted by leaked water, and field personnel can obtain water leakage information as soon as possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction equipment, and in particular relates to a horizontal axis cutting mechanism and a horizontal axis tunneling machine. Background Technology

[0002] The core feature of horizontal axis tunneling equipment is that the rotation axis of the cutting head is horizontal. It is mainly used for tunnel excavation in relatively homogeneous, low-to-medium strength strata such as soft soil and gravel. During tunnel excavation using horizontal axis tunneling equipment, a large amount of dust is easily generated at the cutting head, which is harmful to the health of construction workers inside the tunnel and also affects visibility inside the tunnel, making it difficult for operators to observe and monitor the equipment.

[0003] To address these issues, some horizontal shaft tunneling machines are equipped with water mist nozzles on their cutting heads. These nozzles spray water mist simultaneously during cutting and tunneling to reduce dust generation. In the early stages of this technology, the water mist nozzles were simply installed on the cutting head. As the cutting head rotated, the water mist sprayed from the nozzles diffused 360° around its axis of rotation. This spray range included the tunneling machine operator, other support personnel, and some electrical components, compromising both the working environment and equipment safety.

[0004] With technological advancements, horizontal shaft tunneling machines capable of directional spraying have emerged, such as the internal spray output system disclosed in Chinese invention patent application CN118815495A. This system includes a reducer, a cutting head, a telescopic sleeve assembly, and an internal spray water valve assembly. The internal spray water valve assembly comprises a connecting plate and an end cap, which are fitted together and fixed, forming a second cavity. A directional plate is attached to the connecting plate within this second cavity. The connecting plate has multiple third water channels communicating with the water channels inside the cutting head. These third water channels are arranged equidistantly in a ring around the directional plate. The directional plate also has arc-shaped waist-shaped holes. The third water channels communicate with the second cavity through these waist-shaped holes. The outlet port of the telescopic sleeve assembly passes through the connecting plate and the directional plate, communicating with the second cavity. During use, the size of the waist-shaped holes on the directional plate can be specifically designed according to the required spray range, and during installation, the waist-shaped holes are positioned according to the corresponding spray range.

[0005] In the above system, water flows into the water pressure chamber (second chamber) from the outlet port of the connecting shaft (the water pipe of the telescopic sleeve assembly passing through the connecting plate). Thus, the outlet end of the connecting shaft is suspended in the water pressure chamber. In this structure, the axial position of the connecting shaft is only guaranteed by rotational support on the fixed seat (connecting plate). This is prone to uneven wear between the mating surfaces of the distribution plate (directional plate) and the connecting plate due to installation deviation, and it is also not conducive to reliable force bearing.

[0006] Chinese invention patent application CN120867745A discloses a horizontal axis tunneling device and its spray distribution mechanism. The spray distribution mechanism of the horizontal axis tunneling device includes a fixed assembly for mounting on the main shaft of the cutting mechanism and a rotating assembly for mounting on the cutting head. The rotating assembly includes a fixed seat and an end cover that form a water pressure chamber. The fixed assembly includes a connecting shaft extending into the water pressure chamber through the fixed seat and a distribution plate mounted on the connecting shaft and located in the water pressure chamber. The fixed seat has a mating surface for contacting the distribution plate. The connecting shaft has a water channel and the water outlet of the connecting shaft is located on the side of the distribution plate facing the end cover. The end cover has a rotating mounting hole and an end cover water channel. The water outlet of the connecting shaft is rotatably mounted in the rotating mounting hole. The end cover water channel connects the water outlet of the connecting shaft and the water pressure chamber. The portions of the connecting shaft located on both sides of the distribution plate can be supported by the fixed seat and the end cover, which helps to ensure the axial position of the connecting shaft, ensure the coaxiality of the rotating component and the fixed component, and prevent uneven wear between the mating surfaces of the distribution plate and the fixed seat due to installation deviation.

[0007] As spray systems become more sophisticated, their structures also become more complex. In the two documents mentioned above, after the water enters the spray distribution mechanism, it needs to pass through the distribution channel within the mechanism. This distribution channel consists of multiple components. After prolonged use, the rubber seals between these components are prone to failure due to wear or aging. Once the seals fail, operators may not notice it immediately. Leaking water can easily flow through the gap between the cutting head and the reducer, contaminating the reducer gear oil and bearing lubricating oil, causing serious damage to the equipment and resulting in significant economic losses. If the equipment cannot be repaired in a short time, it will also delay the construction schedule. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a horizontal axis cutting mechanism to solve the technical problem in the prior art that water leakage from the horizontal axis cutting mechanism can easily contaminate gear oil and bearing lubricating oil and is difficult to detect in a timely manner.

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a horizontal shaft tunneling machine to solve the technical problem that tunneling machines in the prior art are easily damaged by leakage of internal spray water.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the transverse axis cutting mechanism provided by the present invention is as follows: A horizontal axis cutting mechanism includes a reducer, a cutting head rotatable relative to the reducer's main shaft, and a spray distribution mechanism installed between the reducer's main shaft and the cutting head. The spray distribution mechanism has a distribution channel for the flow of spray water. The horizontal axis cutting mechanism has an overflow chamber for buffering leaked water. The overflow chamber is surrounded by the spray distribution mechanism, the cutting head, and the reducer end cover. A sealing sleeve is installed between the cutting head and the reducer end cover. A dynamic sealing structure is provided between the reducer end cover and the outer circumferential surface of the water inlet seat in the spray distribution mechanism for fixing to the reducer's rotating shaft. The horizontal axis cutting mechanism has an overflow channel communicating with the overflow chamber for leading leaked water to the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism.

[0011] As a further improvement, the cutting head is provided with a drainage channel. The inlet of the drainage channel is located on the inner surface of the cutting head used to enclose the overflow cavity, and the outlet of the drainage channel is located on the outer surface of the cutting head. The drainage channel constitutes an overflow channel.

[0012] As a further improvement, the outlet of the drainage channel is located at the outer end face of the cutting head along the axis.

[0013] As a further improvement, an overflow valve is provided at the outlet of the drainage channel, which can be opened when the leaked water in the drainage channel reaches a set pressure.

[0014] As a further improvement, a flow guide channel is provided inside the reducer main shaft. The inlet of the flow guide channel is located at the position where the spray distribution mechanism is installed on the reducer main shaft, and the outlet of the flow guide channel is located on the surface of the exposed part of the reducer main shaft. The water inlet seat of the spray distribution mechanism is provided with a connecting channel that connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the overflow chamber and / or connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner components. The flow guide channel constitutes an overflow channel.

[0015] As a further improvement, the outlet of the flow guide channel faces upward or backward, and the outlet of the flow guide channel constitutes a leakage indicator for displaying whether there is a leak during use.

[0016] As a further improvement, the spray distribution mechanism also includes an inner water jacket that is inserted into and sealed with the water inlet seat at one end, and a force transmission sleeve disposed between the inner water jacket and the water inlet seat. The force transmission sleeve is clearance-fitted with the water inlet seat and there is an anti-rotation fit structure between the two. The inner water jacket and the force transmission sleeve constitute the inner element. The force transmission sleeve is provided with a connecting groove or connecting hole for connecting the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner element with the overflow cavity.

[0017] As a further improvement, a flange ring for fixed connection with the cutting head is provided on the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve. The portions of the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve located on both sides of the flange ring are the end cover sealing surface for embedding into the end cover of the reducer and the cutting head sealing surface for embedding into the cutting head. Both the end cover sealing surface and the cutting head sealing surface are provided with annular grooves for installing the sealing ring.

[0018] As a further improvement, a water flow sensor is installed in the overflow cavity or overflow channel.

[0019] The beneficial effects are as follows: The horizontal axis cutting mechanism provided by this invention is an improvement on the prior art. Based on the existing cutting mechanism capable of directional spraying, this horizontal axis cutting mechanism has an overflow chamber inside that can buffer leaked water. The leaked water in the overflow chamber is discharged to the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism in a timely manner through the overflow channel. On the one hand, this can prevent leaked water from leaking to other locations and contaminating gear oil and bearing lubricating oil. On the other hand, the leaked water discharged to the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism can also be detected by on-site personnel, obtaining information about water leakage inside the horizontal axis cutting mechanism as early as possible.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention is as follows: A horizontal shaft tunneling machine includes a main unit, with a horizontal shaft cutting mechanism installed at the front end of the main unit. The horizontal shaft cutting mechanism includes a reducer, a cutting head rotatable relative to the reducer's main shaft, and a spray distribution mechanism installed between the reducer's main shaft and the cutting head. The spray distribution mechanism has a distribution channel for spray water flow. The horizontal shaft cutting mechanism has an overflow chamber for buffering leaked water. The overflow chamber is surrounded by the spray distribution mechanism, the cutting head, and the reducer end cover. A sealing sleeve is installed between the cutting head and the reducer end cover. A dynamic sealing structure is provided between the reducer end cover and the outer circumferential surface of the water inlet seat in the spray distribution mechanism for fixing to the reducer's rotating shaft. The horizontal shaft cutting mechanism has an overflow channel communicating with the overflow chamber for leading leaked water to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism.

[0021] As a further improvement, the cutting head is provided with a drainage channel. The inlet of the drainage channel is located on the inner surface of the cutting head used to enclose the overflow cavity, and the outlet of the drainage channel is located on the outer surface of the cutting head. The drainage channel constitutes an overflow channel.

[0022] As a further improvement, the outlet of the drainage channel is located at the outer end face of the cutting head along the axis.

[0023] As a further improvement, an overflow valve is provided at the outlet of the drainage channel, which can be opened when the leaked water in the drainage channel reaches a set pressure.

[0024] As a further improvement, a flow guide channel is provided inside the reducer main shaft. The inlet of the flow guide channel is located at the position where the spray distribution mechanism is installed on the reducer main shaft, and the outlet of the flow guide channel is located on the surface of the exposed part of the reducer main shaft. The water inlet seat of the spray distribution mechanism is provided with a connecting channel that connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the overflow chamber and / or connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner components. The flow guide channel constitutes an overflow channel.

[0025] As a further improvement, the outlet of the flow guide channel faces upward or backward, and the outlet of the flow guide channel constitutes a leakage indicator for displaying whether there is a leak during use.

[0026] As a further improvement, the spray distribution mechanism also includes an inner water jacket that is inserted into and sealed with the water inlet seat at one end, and a force transmission sleeve disposed between the inner water jacket and the water inlet seat. The force transmission sleeve is clearance-fitted with the water inlet seat and there is an anti-rotation fit structure between the two. The inner water jacket and the force transmission sleeve constitute the inner element. The force transmission sleeve is provided with a connecting groove or connecting hole for connecting the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner element with the overflow cavity.

[0027] As a further improvement, a flange ring for fixed connection with the cutting head is provided on the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve. The portions of the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve located on both sides of the flange ring are the end cover sealing surface for embedding into the end cover of the reducer and the cutting head sealing surface for embedding into the cutting head. Both the end cover sealing surface and the cutting head sealing surface are provided with annular grooves for installing the sealing ring.

[0028] As a further improvement, a water flow sensor is installed in the overflow cavity or overflow channel.

[0029] The beneficial effects are as follows: The horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by this invention is an improvement on the existing technology. This horizontal shaft tunneling machine uses a new horizontal shaft cutting mechanism. Based on the existing cutting mechanism capable of directional spraying, this horizontal shaft cutting mechanism is equipped with an overflow chamber that can buffer leaked water. The leaked water in the overflow chamber is discharged to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism in a timely manner through the overflow water channel. On the one hand, this can prevent leaked water from leaking to other locations and contaminating gear oil and bearing lubricating oil. On the other hand, the leaked water discharged to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism can be detected by on-site personnel, obtaining information about internal water leakage of the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism as early as possible, so that it can be dealt with as soon as possible, and it is not easy to cause serious damage to the equipment due to internal spray water leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism in an embodiment of the horizontal axis tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the axial perspective of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point MM; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the spray distribution mechanism in the image; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spray distribution mechanism in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the spray distribution mechanism in the image; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a local structure in the image; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the end cover waterway in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution plate in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the wear-resistant disc in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the force transmission sleeve in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point KK; Figure 14 for Figure 13 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow valve in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the overflow valve in the closed state in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the overflow valve in the open state in an embodiment of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine of the present invention.

[0031] In the picture: 100. Spray distribution mechanism; 200. Cutting head; 201. Nozzle; 202. Cutting head water channel; 203. Drainage channel; 204. Overflow valve; 300. Reducer; 301. Reducer spindle; 302. Spindle water channel; 303. Reducer end cover; 304. Dynamic seal structure; 305. Flow guide channel; 306. High-pressure water inlet channel; 400. Sealing sleeve; 401. Flange ring; 402. End cover sealing surface; 403. Cutting head sealing surface; 500. Overflow chamber; 600. Circular space; 101. Main body; 102. Water inlet head; 103. Inner water jacket; 104. Force transmission sleeve; 1041. External hexagonal force transmission sleeve; 1042. Internal hexagonal force transmission sleeve; 1043. Connecting hole; 105. Inner spring; 106. Outer spring; 107. Connecting shaft; 1071. External hexagon of connecting shaft; 1072. Spline; 1073. Threaded section; 108. Distribution plate; 1081. Water distribution trough; 1082. Water passage hole of distribution plate; 1083. Pressure guiding and unloading groove; 1084. Anti-rotation mounting hole; 1085. Dirt collection and flushing trough; 1086. Outer edge recess; 1087. Inner edge recess; 1088. End face seal; 109. Locking nut; 1010. Compression spring; 1011. Water jacket sealing ring; 111. Wear-resistant disc; 1110. Wear-resistant disc water passage; 112. Distribution seat; 1121. Distribution seat water channel; 1122. Second rotary seal; 113. Flange seat; 114. Rotary seal bushing; 1141. First rotary seal; 115. End cap; 1151. Axial water channel; 1152. Buffer water cavity; 116. End cap bushing; 117. Connecting channel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] Specific embodiment 1 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: The horizontal shaft tunneling machine includes a main unit and a horizontal shaft cutting mechanism installed at the front end of the main unit.

[0034] See appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 The horizontal axis cutting mechanism includes a reducer 300 with a horizontal axis and two cutting heads 200 respectively disposed at both ends of the reducer 300 along its axial direction. The reducer 300 has a reducer main shaft 301 and a power output section mounted on the outside of the reducer main shaft 301. Bearings for supporting the power output section and gears for transmission are provided between the reducer main shaft 301 and the power output section. The cutting heads 200 are mounted on the outside of the power output section and connected to it, allowing the cutting heads 200 to rotate with the power output section. A reducer end cover 303 is fixedly connected to the axial end of the power output section, and the end of the reducer main shaft 301 is located inside the reducer end cover 303.

[0035] The horizontal axis cutting mechanism also includes a spray distribution mechanism 100 disposed between the reducer main shaft 301 and the cutting head 200. The reducer end cover 303 is provided with a through hole for the spray distribution mechanism 100 to pass through. The outer surface of the cutting head 200 is uniformly provided with nozzles 201 along the circumference, and the cutting head 200 is provided with a cutting head water channel 202 inside, which is connected to the nozzles 201 one by one.

[0036] The spray distribution mechanism 100 has a distribution channel for the flow of spray water, which then flows into the cutting head water channel 202 after being distributed through the distribution channel. The spray distribution mechanism 100 includes a rotating component for mounting on the cutting head 200 and a fixing component for mounting on the reducer spindle 301. The fixing component is fixed to the reducer spindle 301 by bolts, and the rotating component is fixed to the cutting head 200 by bolts. After the spray distribution mechanism 100 is fixed, the inlet of the water channel inside the spray distribution mechanism 100 is connected to the main shaft water channel 302 of the reducer main shaft 301. The main shaft water channel 302 is connected to the high-pressure water inlet 306 set on the main shaft so that the high-pressure water flow can enter the main shaft water channel 302. The outlet of the water channel inside the spray distribution mechanism 100 is connected to the cutting head water channel 202, and the number of outlets is the same as the number of cutting head water channels 202. The cutting head water channel 202 is connected to the nozzle 201, forming the basic water channel of the cutting mechanism of the horizontal axis tunneling equipment.

[0037] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The fixing components of the spray distribution mechanism 100 include a water inlet seat, an inner water jacket 103, a force transmission sleeve 104, an inner spring 105, an outer spring 106, a connecting shaft 107, a distribution plate 108, and corresponding seals. The water inlet seat includes a main body seat 101 and a water inlet head 102. The main body seat 101 is fixedly mounted on the reducer main shaft 301. The inner water jacket 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104 are sequentially mounted on the water inlet seat. A seal is provided between the inner water jacket 103 and the water inlet seat. A spring is installed between the force transmission sleeve 104 and the water inlet seat. The fixing components of the spray distribution mechanism 100 do not rotate with the cutting head 200. The connecting shaft 107 and the distribution plate 108 are connected by a spline. The water inlet seat, the force transmission sleeve 104, and the connecting shaft 107 transmit torque through a hexahedral structure.

[0038] The rotating component of the spray distribution mechanism 100 rotates with the cutting head 200. The rotating component includes a distribution seat 112, a wear-resistant disc 111, a flange seat 113, an end cover 115, an end cover bushing 116, a rotary sealing bushing 114, and corresponding sealing elements. The wear-resistant disc 111 is fixed to the distribution seat 112, the flange seat 113 is fixedly connected to the distribution seat 112, and the end cover 115 is fixedly connected to the flange seat 113. The water passages evenly distributed on the wear-resistant disc 111 are connected one-to-one with the distribution seat water channels 1121 on the distribution seat 112. The distribution seat 112 is fixed to the cutting head 200 by bolts, and the distribution seat water channels 1121 evenly distributed on the circumference of the distribution seat 112 are connected to the cutting head water channels 202.

[0039] The cutting head 200 is fixedly connected to the housing of the reducer 300. The housing of the reducer 300 drives the cutting head 200 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating component of the spray distribution mechanism 100 to rotate. The main shaft 301 of the reducer is fixedly connected to the fixed component of the spray distribution mechanism 100 by bolts and does not rotate with the cutting head 200. There is a relative rotational relationship between the distribution plate 108 and the wear-resistant plate 111, forming an end face seal. There is also a relative rotational relationship between the connecting shaft 107 and the rotary sealing bushing 114, with a rotary seal between them. High-pressure water passes sequentially through the inlet head 102, inner water jacket 103, connecting shaft 107, end cover 115, distribution plate 108, wear-resistant plate 111, distribution seat 112, and cutting head 200, and is then sprayed out as water mist from the nozzles 201 arranged on the cutting head 200. Due to the arc-shaped water channel structure on the distribution plate 108, the water passages on the wear-resistant plate 111 connect and disconnect during relative rotation with the distribution plate 108. This allows the nozzles 201 on the cutting head 200 to connect and disconnect during the spraying process as the cutting head 200 rotates one revolution. Consequently, the spray direction of the cutting head 200 remains forward during rotation, presenting a fan-shaped spray pattern. Figure 2 The fan-shaped spray area A in the middle.

[0040] The fixed component of the spray distribution mechanism 100 is equipped with a floating connection structure to accommodate the positional offset of the cutting head relative to the reducer main shaft 301. The floating connection structure is achieved through the floating connection of the inner water jacket 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104 to the water inlet seat and the connecting shaft 107, respectively. The connecting shaft 107 passes through the rotating component and forms a rotary seal engagement with the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the distribution seat 112. The distribution plate 108 is connected to the connecting shaft 107. The inner water jacket 103 is installed inside the force transmission sleeve 104. The two ends of the inner water jacket 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104 are respectively engaged with the connecting shaft 107 and the water inlet seat, and can float axially and radially. The two ends of the force transmission sleeve 104 are engaged with the connecting shaft 107 and the water inlet seat to prevent rotation. The two ends of the inner water jacket 103 are engaged with the connecting shaft 107 and the water inlet seat to seal and can rotate relative to each other. The center holes of the inner water jacket 103, the water inlet seat, and the connecting shaft 107 are engaged to form a water supply channel for water to flow to the distribution plate 108. When the wear-resistant plate 111, which is a mating plate, rotates relative to the distribution plate 108 and rubs, the force transmission sleeve 104 bears torque, while the inner water jacket 103 does not bear torque.

[0041] The force transmission sleeve 104 is fitted outside the inner water sleeve 103. The two ends of the inner water sleeve 103 are sealed with the water inlet head 102 of the water inlet seat and the connecting shaft 107 through the water sleeve sealing ring 1011. Since the two ends of the inner water sleeve 103 are sealed, the water supply channel to the distribution plate 108 can be formed by the cooperation of the center hole of the inner water sleeve 103, the water inlet seat and the connecting shaft 107.

[0042] During operation, the wear-resistant disc 111 rotates while the distribution disc 108 remains stationary. The wear-resistant disc 111 and the distribution disc 108 are in contact and rub against each other. The torque received by the distribution disc 108 can be transmitted to the force transmission sleeve 104 via the connecting shaft 107. Due to the anti-rotation fit at both ends of the force transmission sleeve 104, the torque is transmitted to the fixed water inlet seat through the force transmission sleeve 104. Meanwhile, the inner water sleeve 103 is rotatably fitted at both ends, and the connecting shaft 107 does not transmit torque to the inner water sleeve 103. The inner water sleeve 103 will not undergo torsional deformation due to torque, and this will not affect the sealing fit formed by the sealing rings installed at both ends of the inner water sleeve 103. This helps to ensure reliable sealing fit, reduces the likelihood of sealing failure, and improves the sealing reliability of the spray distribution mechanism 100. Moreover, the inner water sleeve 103 does not bear torsional torque, which simplifies the stress on the sealing rings at both ends of the inner water sleeve 103. The sealing rings are less prone to damage, which helps to improve service life and ensure reliable sealing.

[0043] The distribution seat 112, rotary sealing bushing 114, wear-resistant disc 111, and flange seat 113 all have axially penetrating central holes. With the side containing the end cap 115 as the axially outer side, the rotary sealing bushing 114 is bolted to the inner side of the distribution seat 112, the wear-resistant disc 111 and flange seat 113 are fixed to the outer side of the distribution seat 112, and the end cap 115 is fixed to the outer opening of the flange seat 113. A seal is provided at the mating surface between the flange seat 113 and the distribution seat 112, and a seal is provided at the circumferential surface mating point between the end cap 115 and the flange seat 113. The connecting shaft 107 is adapted to pass through the central holes of the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the distribution seat 112, and both the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the central holes of the distribution seat 112 form a seal with the outer circumferential surface of the connecting shaft 107. The outlet of the distribution seat water channel 1121 constitutes the outlet of the internal water channel of the spray distribution mechanism 100.

[0044] The main body 101 is sealed to the main shaft 301 of the reducer. The main body 101 has an axially through central hole. The main body 101 has a part that extends into the main shaft water channel 302 of the main shaft 301 of the reducer and the part is internally threaded to the water inlet head 102. The water inlet head 102 is sealed to the main body 101. The water inlet head 102 has a through central hole. The central hole of the water inlet head 102 is a stepped hole. One end of the hole forms the water inlet of the internal water channel of the spray distribution mechanism 100, and the other end of the hole is for one end of the inner water jacket 103 to be fitted and inserted. The main body 101 has a portion that axially protrudes from the end face of the reducer main shaft 301, and one end of the force transmission sleeve 104 is inserted into this portion. The other end of the force transmission sleeve 104 is fitted onto the connecting shaft 107. The length of the inner water sleeve 103 is greater than the length of the force transmission sleeve 104. One end of the inner water sleeve 103 is inserted into the connecting shaft 107, and the other end is inserted into the water inlet seat. By utilizing the inner surface and outer surface of the connecting shaft 107 for the inner water sleeve 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104 to fit together, the length of the connecting shaft 107 can be shortened, the size reduced, space saved, and the use reliable.

[0045] The outer portion of the central hole of the main body 101 has a larger radial dimension and forms an anti-rotation fitting hole. The inner end of the force transmission sleeve 104 has an anti-rotation structure to form an anti-rotation fit after it is fitted into the anti-rotation fitting hole of the main body 101. The inner end of the connecting shaft 107 has an anti-rotation structure, and the outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 has an anti-rotation fitting hole to form an anti-rotation fit after the outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 is fitted onto the inner end of the connecting shaft 107. The inner end of the connecting shaft 107 has a shoulder, which is axially spaced from the inner end face. An anti-rotation structure is provided on the shoulder. The outer end of the central hole of the force transmission sleeve 104 has a stepped hole structure with a stepped surface opposite to the shoulder, which can form a limiting position. The connecting shaft 107 has a circular center hole, and the inner end of the center hole is a stepped hole. The outer end of the inner water jacket 103 is inserted into the center hole of the connecting shaft 107, and its outer end face is axially opposite to the stepped surface of the stepped hole. A water jacket sealing ring 1011 is installed on the outer end of the inner water jacket 103. The outer circumferential surface of the outer end of the inner water jacket 103 and the inner circumferential surface of the center hole of the connecting shaft 107 are sealed by the water jacket sealing ring 1011. The inner part of the center hole of the main body 101 has a smaller radial dimension and is threaded to the inlet head 102. The inner diameter of the inner end of the center hole of the inlet head 102 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer end. The inner end of the inner water jacket 103 is inserted into the outer end of the center hole of the inlet head 102. A water jacket sealing ring 1011 is installed on the inner end of the inner water jacket 103. The outer circumferential surface of the inner end of the inner water jacket 103 and the inner circumferential surface of the center hole of the inlet head 102 are sealed by the water jacket sealing ring 1011.

[0046] An outer spring 106 is fitted onto the force transmission sleeve 104. One end of the outer spring 106 abuts against the outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 that is fitted onto the connecting shaft 107, and the other end abuts against the outer end of the main body seat 101 of the water inlet seat. The outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 has a retaining edge for the outer spring 106 to press against, and the outer end of the main body seat 101 has a stepped surface for the outer spring 106 to press against. In the extension or compression direction of the outer spring 106, the inner end of the force transmission sleeve 104 can move inside the main body seat 101. Under the compression force of the outer spring 106, the inner stepped surface of the outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 can be engaged with the shoulder of the outer end of the connecting shaft 107, so that the force transmission sleeve 104 and the connecting shaft 107 are in stable contact, forming a firm transmission engagement.

[0047] An inner spring 105 is installed between the inner water jacket 103 and the inlet head 102. The inner spring 105 is located in the center hole of the inlet head 102, with one end pressing against the stepped surface inside the inlet head 102 and the other end pressing against the end face of the inner water jacket 103. The inner spring 105 is arranged axially along the inner water jacket 103 to apply a force to the inner water jacket 103 toward the side where the connecting shaft 107 is located. This allows the outer end of the inner water jacket 103 to press against the inner step at the inner end of the connecting shaft 107, which is beneficial to the stability of the inner water jacket 103.

[0048] The outer diameter of the portion of the inner water jacket 103 where the water jacket sealing rings 1011 are installed at both ends is larger than the outer diameter of the main body portion between the two ends. The outer circumferential surface of the inner water jacket 103 is spaced apart from the inner circumferential surface of the force transmission sleeve 104. There is an annular space between the inner water jacket 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104, which can reduce the influence of the force transmission sleeve 104 on the inner water jacket 103. The inner water jacket 103 and the force transmission sleeve 104 can float independently, which is beneficial to improving reliability.

[0049] The water inlet base includes a main body 101 and a water inlet head 102 threadedly connected to the main body 101. The central hole of the water inlet head 102 is a circular hole structure and forms a water channel for the water inlet head 102. The corresponding end of the inner water jacket 103 is inserted into the water inlet head 102. After the water inlet head 102 is worn, it can be replaced separately, saving costs.

[0050] Combination Figure 11 , Figure 12 The anti-rotation structure at the inner end of the force transmission sleeve 104 is an outer hexagonal 1041, and the anti-rotation mating hole at the outer end of the force transmission sleeve 104 is an inner hexagonal 1042. Correspondingly, the main body seat 101 is provided with an inner hexagonal structure, and the connecting shaft 107 is provided with an outer hexagonal structure, namely, the connecting shaft outer hexagonal 1071. The force transmission sleeve 104 forms an anti-rotation mechanism with the main body seat 101 through the outer hexagonal structure, and the force transmission sleeve 104 forms an anti-rotation mechanism with the outer hexagonal structure of the connecting shaft 107 through the inner hexagonal structure.

[0051] The following is combined with Figure 7 , Figure 8 The mating structure between the connecting shaft 107 and the end cover 115 is described below. The flange seat 113, the distribution seat 112, and the wear-resistant disc 111 of the rotating assembly constitute its fixed seat. The flange seat 113 and the distribution seat 112 constitute its base. The end cover 115 and the fixed seat form a hydraulic cavity. The central holes of the flange seat 113, the distribution seat 112, and the wear-resistant disc 111 constitute the central hole of the fixed seat, allowing the connecting shaft 107 to pass through the fixed seat and extend into the hydraulic cavity. The distribution disc 108 is located inside the hydraulic cavity, and the wear-resistant disc 111 is located inside the distribution disc 108. The mating surface of the wear-resistant disc 111 forms part of the inner wall surface of the hydraulic cavity. The water pressure chamber is connected to the water distribution tank 1081 through the water passage on the distribution plate 108. The wear-resistant plate 111 is located on the side of the distribution plate 108 away from the end cover 115. The end cover 115 is used to open the water pressure chamber. The end cover 115 is located on the side of the distribution plate 108 away from the wear-resistant plate 111. The distribution plate 108 can be replaced by opening the end cover 115.

[0052] The central hole of the connecting shaft 107 forms its internal water channel. One end of the connecting shaft 107 mates with the force transmission sleeve 104 and the inner water sleeve 103, and the other end is the water outlet, which mates with the end cover 115. The orifice of the central hole at the water outlet constitutes the water outlet, which is the water outlet of the water supply channel. The water outlet is located on the side of the distribution plate 112 facing the end cover 115 and away from the wear-resistant plate 111. The end cover 115 is provided with a rotating mounting hole and an end cover water channel. The water outlet of the connecting shaft 107 is rotatably mounted in the rotating mounting hole of the end cover 115. The end cover water channel connects the water outlet of the connecting shaft and the water pressure chamber. The portions of the connecting shaft 107 located on both sides of the distribution plate 108 can be supported on both sides by the distribution seat 112 and the end cover 115, which helps to ensure the axial position of the connecting shaft, ensure the coaxiality of the rotating component and the fixed component, and prevent uneven wear between the mating surfaces of the distribution plate and the fixed seat due to installation deviation. Moreover, the installation structure is stable, which helps to ensure reliable force and improve service life.

[0053] The end cap water channel communicates with the inner water pressure chamber but is isolated from the outer side. The end cap water channel includes various axial water channels 1151 distributed circumferentially around the rotating mounting hole. The extension direction of the axial water channels 1151 is consistent with the axis of the end cap 115. The use of various axial water channels can increase the flow area and save space. In other embodiments, the end cap water channel outlet may only be provided on one side of the rotating mounting hole.

[0054] The end cap water channel includes a buffer water chamber 1152. One end of an axial water channel 1151 communicates with the buffer water chamber 1152, and the other end communicates with the water pressure chamber. The outlet of the connecting shaft 107 leads to the buffer water chamber 1152. The projection of the buffer water chamber 1152 onto the axial direction of the connecting shaft 107 covers the projection of the outlet of the connecting shaft 107 and the projection of the axial water channel 1151 onto the axial direction of the connecting shaft. The buffer water chamber 1152 is located at the center of the end cap. Water enters the buffer water chamber 1152 from the outlet of the connecting shaft 107, and then enters each axial water channel 1151 from the buffer water chamber 1152, changing the direction of water flow so that it enters the water pressure chamber from the axial water channel 1151, which is beneficial to the stability of water flow. The cross-section of the buffer water chamber 1152 through the axis of the end cap is elliptical, and the outlet of the connecting shaft 107 is axially connected to the central area of ​​the buffer water chamber 1152. In other embodiments, instead of a buffer water cavity, radial water channels can be provided, with one axial water channel corresponding to one radial water channel to achieve water flow diversion. All radial water channels converge at the center and are correspondingly connected to the outlet of the connecting shaft.

[0055] The end cap 115 includes a separate end cap body and an end cap bushing 116. The end cap body has a bushing mounting hole that communicates with the buffer water chamber 1152. The end cap bushing 116 is installed in the bushing mounting hole, and the center hole of the end cap bushing 116 forms a rotating mounting hole to support the outer end of the connecting shaft 107 on the end cap 115. The end cap bushing 116 is fixedly installed at the center of the inner end of the end cap body. The outer end of the connecting shaft 107 passes through the end cap bushing 116, and the end cap water channel is provided on the end cap body. The end cap bushing 116 rotates relative to the connecting shaft 107, can be made of wear-resistant material, and is easy to replace individually. In other embodiments, the end cap can also be a one-piece molded structure.

[0056] The main body of the end cap 115 has a portion that fits into the central hole of the flange seat 113. This portion has a side surface that forms the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber, and its circumferential surface forms a circumferential seal with the inner wall of the flange seat 113, which is beneficial to the strength and installation stability of the end cap. The side surface of the end cap forming the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber is provided with a groove, and a rotating mounting hole for assembling the connecting shaft is located at the bottom of the groove. The end face of the end cap bushing 116 forms part of the bottom of the groove, resulting in a compact structure and saving space. In other embodiments, the entire end cap can be located outside the flange seat, and the thickness of the end cap only needs to meet the requirements of the water channel installation.

[0057] The distribution plate 108 is circumferentially anti-rotating and axially movable on the connecting shaft 107. The connecting shaft 107 is provided with a spline 1072, and the distribution plate 108 is provided with an anti-rotation mounting hole 1084 at its center. The two are connected by the spline 1072 engaging with the anti-rotation mounting hole 1084. The connecting shaft 107 has an outer end that passes through the distribution plate 108 and is located on the side of the distribution plate 108 facing away from the wear-resistant plate 111. The outer end is also the water outlet end. A locking nut 109 and a compression spring 1010 are installed on the connecting shaft 107 on the side of the distribution plate 108 facing away from the wear-resistant plate 111. The locking nut 109 is threadedly connected to the threaded section 1073 of the connecting shaft 107. The groove on the inner side of the end cap can avoid the locking nut. The compression spring 1010 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 107 and located between the locking nut 109 and the distribution plate 108. By tightening the locking nut 109, the compression spring 1010 forms a pre-pressure on the distribution plate 108 and the wear-resistant plate 111 to counteract wear and form an end-face sealing structure between the distribution plate 108 and the wear-resistant plate 111.

[0058] The water channel within the connecting shaft 107 includes a large-hole section and a small-hole section distributed and connected along its axial direction. The outlet of the water outlet is located in the large-hole section, and the inner diameter of the large-hole section is larger than that of the small-hole section. The portion of the connecting shaft containing the small-hole section passes through the distribution plate. Water enters the large-hole section from the small-hole section and then enters the buffer water chamber from the large-hole section, reducing the impact force of the water flow. The locking nut 109 can be locked by a radial set screw. The radial set screw can be tightened using the space within the large-hole section. The radial set screw is threaded onto the connecting shaft and can press against the inner wall of the locking nut.

[0059] A distributor plate 108 is assembled at the midpoint of the length of the connecting shaft 107. The distributor plate 108 has a center with an anti-rotation mounting hole 1084 for preventing rotation on the connecting shaft 107. The mounting angle of the distributor plate 108 can be adjusted to achieve transmission and spray direction adjustment. It can also be disassembled separately for easy replacement. The anti-rotation mounting hole 1084 is a spline hole, and the spline forms a concave-convex structure for anti-rotation engagement with the connecting shaft and axial sliding relative to it.

[0060] The following is combined with Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 The specific structure of the distribution plate 108 is described below. The distribution plate 108 has a water distribution groove 1081 extending along an arc, which is an arc-shaped water passage groove. The wear-resistant plate 111 has multiple wear-resistant plate water passage holes 1110 evenly distributed around its circumference. When the wear-resistant plate 111 rotates, the water distribution groove 1081 on the distribution plate 108 connects with some of the wear-resistant plate water passage holes 1110 on the wear-resistant plate 111, causing the nozzle 201 on the cutting head 200 to form a fan-shaped spray area in a set direction. The internal water channels of the rotating assembly include the wear-resistant plate water passage holes 1110 and the distribution seat water channels 1121. The distribution plate 108 has multiple distribution plate water passage holes 1082 penetrating the water distribution groove 1081, and the distribution plate water passage holes 1082 are spaced apart along an arc direction. The distribution plate 108 has a groove and a connecting hole through the groove in its central area. The central groove of the distribution plate is used to cooperate with the wear-resistant plate 111 to form a water pressure balance chamber. The water distribution tank 1081 faces the wear-resistant plate 111, and the wear-resistant plate 111 is in contact with the surface of the distribution plate 108. When the wear-resistant plate 111 rotates, water enters through the water passage holes 1110 of the wear-resistant plate that are connected to the water distribution tank 1081, while the others do not.

[0061] The water distribution trough 1081 and the central groove of the distribution plate are located on the side of the distribution plate 108 facing the wear-resistant plate 111. The annular surface of this plate surface surrounding the central groove of the distribution plate forms a contact surface, which is in close contact with the corresponding mating surface of the rotating component of the spray distribution mechanism. The mating surface is the side of the wear-resistant plate 111 facing the distribution plate, and the water passage hole 1110 of the wear-resistant plate is located on this mating surface. The contact surface and the mating surface respectively form the sealing and fitting end faces of the two. One section of the annular contact surface of the distribution plate 108 is a water-passing part of the water distribution trough 1081, and the rest is a non-water-passing part. The non-water-passing part corresponds to the water distribution trough 1081 in the circumferential direction, and the non-water-passing part is sufficient to block the wear-resistant plate water passage hole 1110 that does not correspond to the water distribution trough 1081 during use.

[0062] In this embodiment, the non-water-permeable portion of the contact surface of the distribution plate 108, outside the water distribution tank 1081, is provided with a recess to reduce the contact area between the non-water-permeable portion of the contact surface and the mating surface of the wear-resistant disc 111. This makes it less likely for small particles of debris in the water to remain between the mating surfaces of the distribution plate 108 and the wear-resistant disc 111. After entering the area with a reduced contact area, small particles of debris are easily detached from the mating surface and washed away. This prevents the contact surface of the distribution plate and the mating surface of the wear-resistant disc from being aggravated by small particles of debris entering between them, thus improving their service life.

[0063] The recess on the non-water-permeable portion of the distribution plate 108 includes a sludge-collecting flushing groove 1085. The groove 1085 is a recess with its opening located on the contact surface and facing the mating surface of the wear-resistant disc 111. The depth of the sludge-collecting flushing groove 1085 is the same as the depth of the central recess of the distribution plate. The sludge-collecting flushing groove 1085 is located at the center of the non-water-permeable portion of the distribution plate in the radial direction, and its width in the radial direction is smaller than the inner diameter of the water passage 1110 of the wear-resistant disc. The sludge-collecting flushing groove 1085 extends along an arc and is circumferentially spaced from the water distribution groove 1081. The sludge-collecting flushing groove 1085 can accommodate particles that enter between the distribution plate 108 and the wear-resistant disc 111, reducing wear and facilitating processing.

[0064] The recesses on the non-water-permeable portion of the distribution plate 108 include an outer edge recess 1086 located at the outer edge far from the center of the distribution plate 108 and an inner edge recess 1087 located at the inner edge near the center of the distribution plate 108. Since the contact surface is annular, the non-water-permeable portion has both inner and outer edges. The depth of the inner edge recess 1087 and the outer edge recess 1086 in the axial direction of the distribution plate 108 is the same as the depth of the central groove of the distribution plate. The outer edge recess 1086 contacts the outer circumferential surface of the distribution plate 108, and the inner edge recess 1087 contacts the circumferential inner wall surface of the central groove of the distribution plate, further reducing the contact area and facilitating the detachment of particles from the contact surface. The radial width of the area between the inner edge recess 1087 and the outer edge recess 1086 in the non-water-permeable portion of the distribution plate 108 is greater than the inner diameter of the water passage 1110 of the wear-resistant plate, ensuring a sealing function. The wear-resistant disc 111 is a surface that rubs against the inner edge recess 1087 and the sludge flushing tank 1085, and the outer edge recess 1086 and the sludge flushing tank 1085.

[0065] On the contact surface of the distribution plate 108, pressure-guiding and unloading grooves 1083 are respectively provided at both ends of the water distribution trough 1081 along its arc extension direction. The depth of the pressure-guiding and unloading grooves 1083 gradually decreases from the bottom of the water distribution trough 1081 to the friction contact surface, and the width of the groove opening also gradually decreases, which is conducive to the smooth flow of water. The number of distribution plate water passage holes 1082 on the distribution plate 108 that penetrate the water distribution trough 1081 is the same as the number of wear-resistant plate water passage holes 1110 set on the wear-resistant plate 111 within the angle range of the water distribution trough 1081. That is, the number of wear-resistant plate water passage holes 1110 that are completely connected to the water distribution trough 1081 at the same time is equal to the number of distribution plate water passage holes 1082, which is conducive to the stability of flow rate.

[0066] High-pressure water enters the spray distribution mechanism 100, passes sequentially through the inlet head 102, inner water jacket 103, connecting shaft 107, and end cover 115 to reach the water pressure chamber, then enters the distribution plate 108, passes through the distribution plate 108, wear-resistant plate 111, and distribution seat 112, and enters the nozzle 201 through the cutting head water channel 202 connected to the outlet of the spray distribution mechanism 100, finally being sprayed out from the nozzle 201. The direction of high-pressure water flow is shown in the figure. Figure 6 The direction of the middle arrow.

[0067] Because the wear-resistant disc 111 and the distribution disc 108 rotate relative to each other, when the wear-resistant disc water passage hole 1110 on the wear-resistant disc 111 rotates to correspond with the water distribution groove 1081 on the distribution disc 108, the water passage opens, ultimately forming a spray effect. When the wear-resistant disc water passage hole 1110 on the wear-resistant disc 111 rotates to other positions on the distribution disc 108, the water passage closes. There is always a portion of the water passage open and a portion closed. The arc angle of the water distribution groove 1081 on the distribution disc 108 determines the spray angle of the fan-shaped spray. The pressure guiding and unloading groove 1083 pre-pressure guides and pre-unloads the high-pressure water during the water passage opening and closing process, ensuring a smooth spray. The dirt-collecting and flushing groove 1085 serves to collect small particulate contaminants entering from the end face seal, reducing wear between the wear-resistant disc 111 and the distribution disc 108, and extending their service life. The spray direction of the final nozzle 201 can be adjusted by adjusting the relative angle between the distribution plate 108 and the connecting shaft 107 through the spline 1072.

[0068] This spray distribution mechanism enables the cutting head of a horizontal axis tunneling machine to rotate and directionally spray water, always in the direction of tunneling, at a fan-shaped angle. During the cutting process, the area where the cutting head generates dust can be promptly and effectively covered by the spray, thereby effectively reducing dust on the working surface, reducing wear on the cutting teeth, preventing operators and equipment from being sprayed with water, improving construction comfort, and extending equipment lifespan. It also allows for the maintenance and replacement of vulnerable parts inside the fan-shaped spray distribution mechanism without disassembling the cutting head. The connecting shaft and end cap provide stable support, contributing to a longer service life.

[0069] The inner water jacket 103 is equipped with water jacket sealing rings 1011 at both ends where it seals against the inlet head 102 and the connecting shaft 107, respectively. Because the inner water jacket 103 is floating, the water jacket sealing rings 1011 are constantly subjected to floating pressure and friction during use, making them more prone to wear or aging compared to other sealing rings that provide static seals. These two locations are at higher risk of leakage. Furthermore, long-term wear can also easily lead to seal failure for the first rotary seal 1141 between the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the connecting shaft 107, and the second rotary seal 1122 between the distributor seat 112 and the connecting shaft 107, making these locations also at higher risk of leakage.

[0070] To prevent leaked water from flowing into the gears or bearings of the reducer 300 through the gap between the cutting head 200 and the reducer 300, thus contaminating the gear oil or bearing lubricating oil, this invention collects the leaked water and guides it to the outer surface of the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism. This not only allows for timely drainage of the leaked water but also serves as a basis for on-site personnel to check whether the horizontal shaft cutting mechanism is leaking. This helps on-site personnel detect leaks earlier and take timely measures to avoid more serious malfunctions.

[0071] To realize the above concept, see Appendix Figure 13 and attached Figure 14 The present invention provides an overflow chamber 500 for buffering leaked water in the horizontal axis cutting mechanism. The overflow chamber 500 is surrounded by a spray distribution mechanism 100, a cutting head 200 sleeved thereon, and a reducer end cover 303. A sealing sleeve 400 is sealed between the cutting head 200 and the reducer end cover 303. A dynamic sealing structure 304 is provided between the reducer end cover 303 and the outer peripheral surface of the water inlet seat in the spray distribution mechanism 100 for fixing to the reducer 300 shaft. The horizontal axis cutting mechanism is provided with an overflow channel that communicates with the overflow chamber 500 and is used to guide the leaked water to the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism.

[0072] A flange ring 401 is provided on the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve 400 for fixed connection with the cutting head 200. The connecting hole on the flange ring 401 corresponds to the threaded hole on the inner end face of the cutting head 200, and the flange ring 401 can be fixedly installed on the cutting head 200 by screws. The portions of the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve 400 located on both sides of the flange ring 401 are the end cover sealing surface 402 and the cutting head sealing surface 403, respectively. The diameter of the end cover sealing surface 402 is larger than the diameter of the cutting head sealing surface 403. The end cover sealing surface 402 is used to be inserted into the reducer end cover 303 and is provided with an annular groove for installing the sealing ring. The cutting head sealing surface 403 is used to be inserted into the cutting head 200 and is provided with an annular groove for installing the sealing ring.

[0073] The sealing sleeve 400 can achieve radial sealing engagement with the cutting head 200 and radial sealing engagement with the reducer end cover 303. This sealing engagement structure can maintain a certain sealing pressure without applying external force, thereby ensuring a stable and reliable sealing effect among the cutting head 200, the sealing sleeve 400, and the reducer end cover 303. By setting the sealing sleeve 400 and the dynamic sealing structure 304, the overflow chamber 500 can be sealed on all sides, ensuring that water leaking from a location with a high risk of leakage enters the overflow chamber 500 and does not leak to other locations.

[0074] If the rotary seal between the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the connecting shaft 107 fails, water leaking from this point can directly enter the overflow chamber 500 through the gap between the rotary sealing bushing 114 and the connecting shaft 107. Similarly, if the rotary seal between the distribution seat 112 and the connecting shaft 107 fails, water leaking from this point can directly enter the overflow chamber 500 through the gaps between the distribution seat 112 and the connecting shaft 107, and between the distribution seat 112 and the rotary sealing bushing 114. Furthermore, if the seal between the inner water sleeve 103 and the connecting shaft 107 fails, water leaking from the gap between them can then enter the overflow chamber 500 through the gap between the force transmission sleeve 104 and the connecting shaft 107.

[0075] After a certain amount of water accumulates in the overflow chamber 500, it can enter the overflow channel and eventually exit from the horizontal axis cutting mechanism. The water then flows on the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism, allowing on-site personnel to observe it and determine if a leak has occurred. Overflow channels can take various forms; in this embodiment, the diversion channel 203 located in the cutting head 200 and the guide channel 305 located in the reducer main shaft 301 are both overflow channels.

[0076] The drainage channel 203 is formed inside the cutting head 200. The inlet of the drainage channel 203 is located on the inner surface of the cutting head 200 used to enclose the overflow cavity 500, and the inlet of the drainage channel 203 faces radially towards the inside of the overflow cavity 500. The outlet of the drainage channel 203 is located on the outer surface of the cutting head 200, specifically at the axial outer end face of the cutting head 200. The drainage channel 203 is directly connected to the overflow cavity 500, making it relatively easy for leaked water to flow into the drainage channel 203. Furthermore, since the cutting head 200 rotates during use, leaked water is more likely to enter the drainage channel 203 due to centrifugal force and then be ejected. The outlet of the drainage channel 203 is located at the axial outer end face of the cutting head 200 because this end face always faces the left and right sides of the tunnel, facilitating on-site personnel's observation and reducing the risk of blockage by excavated soil.

[0077] The flow guide channel 305 is formed inside the reducer main shaft 301. The inlet of the flow guide channel 305 is located on the end face of the reducer main shaft 301 at the position where the water inlet seat is installed. The outlet of the flow guide channel 305 is located on the surface of the exposed part of the reducer main shaft 301. The main body of the water inlet seat is provided with a connecting channel 117 for connecting the inlet of the flow guide channel 305 to its inner cavity. The opening of the connecting channel 117 that connects to the inner cavity of the main body is located at and communicates with the annular space 600 formed by the main body, the water inlet head 102, the inner water jacket 103, and the force transmission sleeve 104.

[0078] Water leaking between the inner water jacket 103 and the inlet head 102 can directly enter the annular space 600. If the seal between the inner water jacket 103 and the connecting shaft 107 fails, water leaking from the gap between them can then enter the annular space 600 through the gap between the force transmission sleeve 104 and the inner water jacket 103. Furthermore, water in the annular space 600 and water in the overflow chamber 500 can circulate between each other through the fitting gap between the force transmission sleeve 104 and the main body.

[0079] With the flow channel 305 in place, water leaking into the annular space 600 can be discharged through the flow channel 305. The outlet of the flow channel 305 is set upwards or backwards, so that on-site personnel can directly observe whether water is flowing out of the outlet of the flow channel 305 from the rear of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism. This is easier to observe than the outlet of the drainage channel 203. Therefore, the outlet of the flow channel 305 can be used as a leakage indicator to show whether there is water leakage inside the horizontal axis cutting mechanism during use.

[0080] To further facilitate observation, a hose can be connected to the outlet of the guide channel 305 and led to the on-site personnel's operation area. This way, if there is water leakage inside the horizontal axis cutting mechanism, the operator can observe it from a distance.

[0081] Based on this, an overflow valve 204 can be installed at the outlet of the drainage channel 203, allowing the leaked water in the drainage channel 203 to reach a certain pressure before flowing out through the overflow valve 204. (See appendix) Figure 15 Appendix Figure 16 and appendix Figure 17The overflow valve 204 consists of an overflow seat 2041, a valve core 2042, a pin 2043, a spring 2044, and an overflow valve sealing ring 2045. The overflow seat 2041 is threaded on the outside and assembled to the cutting head. The overflow seat 2041 and the valve core 2042 are sealed by the overflow sealing ring 2045. When there is no leakage water in the drainage channel 203, the valve seat and the valve core are in a closed state under the action of the spring 2044 and are mechanically limited by the pin. When there is leakage water in the drainage channel 204, the water pressure pushes the valve core to overcome the spring force, and the overflow valve opens, so that the high-pressure water overflows to the outside of the cutting head.

[0082] Alternatively, overflow valves 204 can be installed at both the outlet of the drainage channel 203 and the outlet of the guide channel 305. This would increase the overflow pressure of the overflow valve 204 at the outlet of the drainage channel 203, allowing leaking water to flow out first from the guide channel 305. The main purpose of this design is to ensure that the overflow pressure required in the drainage channel 203 is greater than the actual internal pressure of the drainage channel 203. Leaking water will be discharged from the guide channel 305 before reaching the overflow pressure required in the drainage channel 203, making it easier for on-site personnel to observe. When there is a large amount of leakage, it can continue to flow out from the drainage channel 203, thereby alleviating the internal leakage pressure.

[0083] Specific embodiment 2 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that a water flow sensor is installed inside the overflow cavity. The water flow sensor is fixedly mounted on the axial end face of the main body of the inlet seat. This allows the water flow sensor to detect leaking water in the overflow cavity and output an electrical signal, enabling on-site or off-site personnel to obtain leakage information earlier. The wires of the water flow sensor are embedded in the main body of the inlet seat and led out through a channel provided on the main shaft of the reducer.

[0084] Specific embodiment 3 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This implementation method is based on implementation method 1, and the difference between it and implementation method 1 is as follows (see Appendix). Figure 14 In this embodiment, the force transmission sleeve 104 is provided with a connecting groove or connecting hole 1043 for connecting the annular space 600 formed by the water inlet seat and the inner element with the overflow cavity 500, so that the water exchange between the annular space 600 and the overflow cavity 500 can be carried out more easily.

[0085] In one embodiment of this implementation, a connecting groove is provided on the force transmission sleeve. The connecting groove is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the force transmission sleeve and the anti-rotation fit of the main body of the water inlet seat, so as to connect the two spaces without affecting the anti-rotation fit.

[0086] In another embodiment of this implementation, a connecting hole 1043 is provided radially through the side wall of the force transmission sleeve 104. The connecting hole 1043 connects the inner and outer sides of the force transmission sleeve 104. There is a large gap between the inner side of the force transmission sleeve 104 and the inner water sleeve 103. This gap is directly connected to the aforementioned annular space 600. The outer opening of the connecting hole 1043 is located on the outer side of the force transmission sleeve 104 near the connecting shaft and is directly exposed in the overflow cavity 500.

[0087] Specific embodiment 4 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that the overflow channel in this embodiment is merely a drainage channel located within the cutting head. Since water exchange can occur between the annular space enclosed by the water inlet seat and the inner components and the overflow cavity, or by providing a connecting groove or connecting hole on the force transmission sleeve to connect the annular space enclosed by the water inlet seat and the inner components with the overflow cavity to enhance water exchange between the two spaces, water leaking from the aforementioned annular space can enter the overflow cavity and be completely discharged through the drainage channel.

[0088] Specific embodiment 5 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that the overflow channel in this embodiment is merely a guide channel located within the main shaft of the reducer. Since water exchange can occur between the annular space enclosed by the inlet seat and the inner components and the overflow chamber, or by providing a connecting groove or connecting hole on the force transmission sleeve to connect the annular space enclosed by the inlet seat and the inner components with the overflow chamber to enhance water exchange between the two spaces, leaked water in the overflow chamber can enter the aforementioned annular space and be completely discharged through the guide channel.

[0089] Specific embodiment 6 of the horizontal shaft tunneling machine provided by the present invention: This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that one end of the connecting channel is connected to the inlet of the guide channel, while the other end branches off and connects to the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner components, and the overflow cavity, respectively. The position where the connecting channel connects to the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner components is the same as in Embodiment 1, and the orifice connecting to the overflow cavity is located on the axial end face of the main body of the water inlet seat.

[0090] Specific embodiments of the transverse axis cutting mechanism provided by the present invention: The horizontal axis cutting mechanism is the same as the horizontal axis cutting mechanism in the above-mentioned implementation of the horizontal axis tunneling machine, and will not be described in detail again.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal axis cutting mechanism, comprising a reducer, a cutting head rotatable relative to the reducer's main shaft, and a spray distribution mechanism installed between the reducer's main shaft and the cutting head, wherein the spray distribution mechanism has a distribution channel for the flow of spray water, characterized in that, The horizontal axis cutting mechanism has an overflow chamber for buffering leaked water. The overflow chamber is surrounded by a spray distribution mechanism and a cutting head and a reducer end cover fitted outside it. A sealing sleeve is installed between the cutting head and the reducer end cover. A dynamic sealing structure is provided between the reducer end cover and the outer circumference of the water inlet seat in the spray distribution mechanism for fixing to the reducer shaft. The horizontal axis cutting mechanism has an overflow channel that communicates with the overflow chamber and is used to guide the leaked water to the outer surface of the horizontal axis cutting mechanism.

2. The horizontal axis cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting head is provided with a drainage channel. The inlet of the drainage channel is located on the inner surface of the cutting head used to enclose the overflow cavity, and the outlet of the drainage channel is located on the outer surface of the cutting head. The drainage channel constitutes an overflow channel.

3. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outlet of the drainage channel is located at the outer end face of the cutting head along the axis.

4. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, An overflow valve is installed at the outlet of the drainage channel, which opens when the leaked water in the drainage channel reaches a set pressure.

5. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A flow guide channel is provided inside the main shaft of the reducer. The inlet of the flow guide channel is located at the position where the spray distribution mechanism is installed on the main shaft of the reducer, and the outlet of the flow guide channel is located on the surface of the exposed part of the main shaft of the reducer. The water inlet seat of the spray distribution mechanism is provided with a connecting channel that connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the overflow chamber and / or connects the inlet of the flow guide channel to the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner components. The flow guide channel constitutes an overflow channel.

6. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outlet of the flow guide channel faces upward or backward, and the outlet of the flow guide channel constitutes a leakage indicator for displaying whether there is a leak during use.

7. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spray distribution mechanism also includes an inner water jacket that is inserted into and sealed to the water inlet seat at one end, and a force transmission sleeve disposed between the inner water jacket and the water inlet seat. The force transmission sleeve is clearance-fitted to the water inlet seat and there is an anti-rotation fit structure between them. The inner water jacket and the force transmission sleeve constitute the inner element. The force transmission sleeve is provided with a connecting groove or connecting hole for connecting the annular space formed by the water inlet seat and the inner element to the overflow cavity.

8. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the sealing sleeve is provided with a flange ring for fixed connection with the cutting head. The portions of the outer periphery of the sealing sleeve located on both sides of the flange ring are the end cover sealing surface for embedding into the end cover of the reducer and the cutting head sealing surface for embedding into the cutting head. Both the end cover sealing surface and the cutting head sealing surface are provided with annular grooves for installing the sealing ring.

9. The transverse axis cutting mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A water flow sensor is installed in the overflow cavity or overflow channel.

10. A horizontal shaft tunneling machine, comprising a main unit, characterized in that, The front end of the host is equipped with a horizontal axis cutting mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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