Pumping unit gravitational potential energy self-adaptive recovery power generation system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil pumping unit gravitational potential energy self-adaption recovery power generation system and a control method, and relates to the technical field of oil field oil extraction equipment energy conservation, the system comprises a reversing interception module, a conversion storage module and a distribution output module, the reversing interception module is installed in a power output loop of a driving motor of each oil pumping unit, and the conversion storage module is connected with the distribution output module. The output of the motor is automatically disconnected from the power grid at the moment when reverse power generation is judged, and a special line connected to the conversion storage module is switched; and the conversion storage module is connected with the output ends of all the reversing interception modules so as to receive the captured electric energy, and the output end of the conversion storage module is a stable high-pressure hydraulic oil port. According to the gravitational potential energy self-adaption recovery power generation system of the oil pumping unit, efficient recovery, reliable storage and intelligent reutilization of reverse power generation energy can be achieved from the system level through an integration scheme, and then the blank that in the prior art, a product with high energy-saving benefits and high operation safety is lacked is filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy conservation in oilfield production equipment, specifically to an adaptive recovery and power generation system and control method for the gravitational potential energy of pumping units. Background Technology

[0002] The beam pumping unit is currently the most widely used mechanical oil extraction equipment in onshore oilfields. Driven by an electric motor, it converts the rotary motion into the reciprocating motion of the pump head through a gearbox and a four-bar linkage, thereby lifting the downhole oil. Although this equipment has advantages such as simple structure and reliable operation, its inherent periodic alternating load characteristics lead to generally low system operating efficiency and serious energy consumption. Among these issues, the phenomenon of reverse power generation is one of the key problems that causes energy waste and affects system efficiency and power grid quality.

[0003] Specifically, during the downstroke of the pumping unit, the suspended load descends rapidly under gravity, driving the motor rotor to rotate via the transmission mechanism. When the rotor's mechanical speed exceeds the synchronous speed of the rotating magnetic field inside the motor, the motor operates in a generator state, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy and feeding it back to the power grid. This is known as reverse power generation. The irregular reverse electrical energy generated in this process not only suffers significant losses due to the multiple energy conversions, leading to energy waste, but may also cause harmonic pollution of the power grid, resulting in local voltage fluctuations and threatening the safe and stable operation of other electrical equipment on the same power grid.

[0004] In recent years, with the further development of related technologies, some technical solutions to the above problems have been disclosed in the existing technology, such as mechanical structure improvement and balancing technology. This type of technology aims to slow down or block the energy path of back-generation by optimizing the mechanical structure of the pumping unit. Common methods include optimizing the configuration of the balance block to improve the system balance rate, thereby suppressing the speed of the donkey head rushing down to a certain extent and reducing the severity of back-generation. However, such methods can usually only achieve "mitigation" and cannot completely eliminate the back-generation phenomenon under changing operating conditions. Another approach is to use an overrunning clutch to disengage the transmission chain when the load starts to drive the motor, thereby physically blocking the mechanical energy feedback to the motor and fundamentally avoiding the generation of back-generation. However, the significant drawback of this method is that the blocked energy is dissipated in the form of mechanical energy and is not effectively recovered and utilized, which is essentially still a waste of energy.

[0005] Another example is electric motors and their drive control technology. Such solutions focus on the control of the power source. For instance, they employ flexible control strategies based on frequency converters to adjust the motor's speed and torque in real time and precisely, allowing it to closely track load changes and thus minimizing the risk of the motor being dragged into a generator state. While this technology can effectively suppress reverse generation, its control algorithm is complex and places high demands on the performance of the drive, leading to a significant increase in system costs and presenting certain barriers to widespread promotion, application, and maintenance. Another example is the multi-unit group electrical coordination technology. The above two types of technologies mainly target the local optimization of a single pumping unit, which has obvious limitations. To address this, some researchers have proposed system-level solutions, such as the common DC bus group control energy-saving technology. This technology connects the DC buses of multiple pumping unit frequency converters in parallel to form a common DC power pool. This allows the reverse-generated power generated by one pumping unit during its downstroke to be used instantly by other pumping units on the same bus during their upstroke, achieving mutual feedback and dynamic balance of energy within the system and resulting in significant energy savings. However, the high-voltage DC bus in the system brings additional insulation, safety protection, and maintenance costs in the harsh working conditions of oil fields, which are humid, dusty, and prone to explosion.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies for addressing the back-generation problem of beam pumping units exhibit significant gaps and application contradictions between localized mitigation at the individual unit level, blocking waste, and system-level electrical synergy. Currently, there is a particular lack of a solution that can completely resolve the issue of back-generation energy recovery and utilization at the system level. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application proposes an adaptive recovery and power generation system and control method for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: an adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit. The system includes a reversing interception module, a conversion and storage module, and a distribution and output module. The reversing interception module is installed in the power output circuit of the drive motor of each oil pumping unit. At the moment when reverse power generation is detected, the motor output is automatically disconnected from the power grid and switched to a dedicated line connected to the conversion and storage module. The conversion and storage module is connected to the output of all commutation interception modules to receive the captured electrical energy. The output of the conversion and storage module is a stable high-pressure hydraulic oil port. The conversion and storage module includes a rectifier and drive circuit, an electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit, and a hydraulic accumulator. The hydraulic accumulator is connected to the output of the electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit. The input end of the distribution output module is connected to the high-pressure oil port of the conversion storage module through the main oil pipe, and the distribution output module has multiple independent output branches. Each branch is connected to the auxiliary actuator of the corresponding pumping unit through hydraulic pipelines. The distribution output module includes a multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group.

[0009] Preferably, the reversing interception module includes a status detection unit and a path switching unit. The status detection unit can identify reverse generation, and the path switching unit can receive instructions from the detection unit to drive the switch to switch the motor output from the grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. The status detection unit's identification method includes mechanical identification and electrical parameter identification. The mechanical identification method uses a mechanical centrifugal speed controller whose input shaft is linked to the motor shaft. When the speed exceeds the limit, its flyweight mechanism directly outputs a mechanical displacement signal.

[0010] Preferably, the electrical parameter identification method involves using sensors to collect electrical parameters on the motor side, and a control unit to calculate the power flow direction and determine the power generation status.

[0011] Preferably, the electrical energy input to the conversion and storage module can be processed by the rectification and drive circuit to provide a suitable power supply for the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit, and use it to convert electrical energy into hydraulic energy, and deliver it to the hydraulic accumulator to form a stable hydraulic source.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group inside the distribution output module can adopt a hydraulic load-sensitive distribution scheme to automatically adjust the throttling opening of each output branch.

[0013] A control method for an adaptive recovery and power generation system of gravitational potential energy from an oil pumping unit includes the following steps: S1. Install the reversing interception module in the power output circuit of the corresponding pumping unit drive motor. The status detection unit inside the reversing interception module detects and determines the occurrence of reverse power generation through mechanical identification or electrical parameter identification. The path switching unit inside the commutation interception module will receive the adjustment command from the status detection unit, that is, drive the switch to switch the motor output from the power grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. S2. After the recovered electrical energy is transmitted to the conversion and storage module, it is first processed by the rectification and drive circuit. Then, the processed power is transmitted to the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit. Through the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit, the electrical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The converted hydraulic energy is further utilized in the hydraulic accumulator to store high-pressure hydraulic oil and smooth pressure fluctuations, forming a stable hydraulic source. S3. The distribution output module can automatically distribute the flow according to the needs of the pumping unit during the use of high-pressure hydraulic oil through its internal multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group. That is, the load pressure of each output branch is fed back to the pressure comparison mechanism inside the valve group through the pilot line, such as the valve core and spring group. Then, the throttling opening of each branch is automatically adjusted to achieve pure mechanical hydraulic on-demand priority oil supply.

[0014] An electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit is applied in an adaptive gravity potential energy recovery power generation system for an oil pump. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit includes an electric motor and a hydraulic pump unit. A coupling is used to drive the output end of the electric motor and the input end of the hydraulic pump unit. The diameter of the output end of the electric motor is the same as the diameter of the input end of the hydraulic pump unit. A main support is installed at the bottom of the electric motor and the bottom of the hydraulic pump unit. An independent support is fitted in the middle of the main support, and auxiliary support components are provided on both sides of the independent support to support the coupling.

[0015] Preferably, the independent support includes a first independent support body and a second independent support body. The bottom of the first independent support body is fixed to the top of the second independent support body. The auxiliary support assembly includes an arc-shaped support plate and an arc-shaped buckle plate. The bottom of the arc-shaped support plate is fixed to the top of the first independent support body. Fasteners are provided between the top side of the arc-shaped support plate and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate. Several arc-shaped buckles are fitted on the inner wall of the top of the arc-shaped support plate and the inner wall of the arc-shaped buckle plate. The arc-shaped buckles can fit in close contact with the corresponding end surface of the coupling. The top side of the arc-shaped support plate and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate are provided with clearance holes. The fasteners include bolts and nuts. One end of the bolt can pass through the two clearance holes located opposite each other and be threadedly connected to the nut.

[0016] Preferably, a first assembly groove is provided in the middle of each of the two arc-shaped support plates. An eccentricity detection component is installed in the first assembly groove. One end of each of the two eccentricity detection components can be in contact with the output end surface of the motor and the input end surface of the hydraulic pump unit, respectively. The other end of each of the two eccentricity detection components is movably connected to a pressure sensor installed on the top of the first independent support body. The eccentricity detection assembly includes an N-shaped detection rod. Several guide rods are fixedly sleeved inside the first assembly groove in the middle of the N-shaped detection rod. A first return spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod. The two ends of the first return spring are respectively fixed to the surface of the middle part of the N-shaped detection rod and the inner wall of the assembly groove. The ends of both ends of the N-shaped detection rod are set as hemispherical structures.

[0017] Preferably, the front and rear ends of the main support are provided with second assembly slots, and several damping components are installed in the second assembly slots. The damping components include a damping ring and an inverted T-shaped rod. The damping ring has a guide hole in the middle and is engaged with one end of the inverted T-shaped rod through the guide hole. The other end of the inverted T-shaped rod is detachably installed on the inner wall of the second assembly slot by screws. A second return spring is installed between the bottom of the damping ring and the bottom of the inverted T-shaped rod.

[0018] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The adaptive recovery and power generation system of the oil pumping unit gravity potential energy provided by the present invention can achieve efficient recovery, reliable storage and intelligent reuse of "reverse power generation" energy at the system level through an integrated solution, thereby filling the gap in the existing technology for a product that combines high energy efficiency and high operational safety, and solving the problems existing in the existing technology.

[0019] 2. The control method for an adaptive recovery and power generation system of gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit provided by the present invention has multiple technical means for monitoring and judging "reverse power generation", such as mechanical identification method or electrical parameter identification method, so as to meet different usage needs and optimize the usage effect.

[0020] 3. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit provided by the present invention has a coupling, main support, first independent support body, two auxiliary support components and second independent support body that can form a multi-functional transmission mechanism. When providing transition transmission conditions to the corresponding electric motor and hydraulic pump unit, it can ensure the continuous centering output effect of the electric motor to the hydraulic pump unit, thereby improving and reducing transmission waste loss and improving the conversion effect of the overall system.

[0021] 4. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit provided by the present invention has two eccentric detection components and their respective pressure sensors combined to form a real-time monitoring mechanism. After being used in combination with a motor and a hydraulic pump unit, the eccentric detection components can synchronously transmit the transmission runout at the output end of the motor or the transmission runout at the input end of the hydraulic pump unit to the pressure sensors. This causes the two pressure sensors to output two sets of pressure data. After taking the average value of each data point and comparing them, or making a relative comparison, feedback can be provided on the transmission deflection of the motor and the hydraulic pump unit and the centering transmission effect between the motor and the hydraulic pump unit. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit in this invention; Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit in this invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the auxiliary support component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a left-side view of the auxiliary support component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the eccentricity detection component in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Electric motor; 2. Hydraulic pump unit; 3. Coupling; 4. Main support; 5. First independent support body; 6. Auxiliary support assembly; 61. Arc-shaped support plate; 62. Arc-shaped buckle plate; 63. Damping ball; 7. Eccentricity detection assembly; 71. N-shaped detection rod; 72. Guide rod; 73. First return spring; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Vibration damping assembly; 91. Damping ring; 92. Inverted T-shaped rod; 93. Second return spring; 10. Second independent support body. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1 The oil pumping unit's gravitational potential energy adaptive recovery power generation system includes a commutation interception module, a conversion storage module, and a distribution output module. The commutation interception module is installed in the power output circuit of each oil pumping unit's drive motor. At the moment when back-generation is detected, the motor output is automatically disconnected from the power grid and switched to a dedicated line connected to the conversion storage module. The conversion and storage module is connected to the output of all commutation interception modules to receive the captured electrical energy. The output of the conversion and storage module is a stable high-pressure hydraulic oil port. The conversion and storage module includes a rectifier and drive circuit, an electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit, and a hydraulic accumulator. The hydraulic accumulator is connected to the output of the electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit. The reversing interception module includes a status detection unit and a path switching unit. The status detection unit can identify reverse power generation, and the path switching unit can receive instructions from the detection unit to drive the switch to switch the motor output from the grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. The status detection unit has two identification methods: mechanical identification and electrical parameter identification. The mechanical identification method uses a mechanical centrifugal speed controller whose input shaft is linked to the motor shaft. When the speed exceeds the limit, its flyweight mechanism directly outputs a mechanical displacement signal. The electrical parameter identification method uses sensors to collect electrical parameters on the motor side, and a control unit calculates the power flow direction to determine the power generation status, thereby meeting different usage requirements. The electrical energy input to the conversion and storage module can be rectified and processed by the drive circuit to provide a suitable power supply for the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit and use it to convert electrical energy into hydraulic energy, which is then delivered to the hydraulic accumulator to form a stable hydraulic source. The input end of the distribution output module is connected to the high-pressure oil port of the conversion storage module through the main oil pipe. The distribution output module has multiple independent output branches, and each branch is connected to the auxiliary actuator of the corresponding pumping unit through hydraulic pipelines. The distribution output module includes a multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group. The multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group inside the distribution output module can adopt a hydraulic load-sensitive distribution scheme to automatically adjust the throttling opening of each output branch.

[0026] In summary, the adaptive recovery and power generation system based on the gravitational potential energy of the pumping unit provided in this example can achieve efficient recovery, reliable storage, and intelligent reuse of "reverse power generation" energy at the system level through an integrated solution. This fills the gap in existing technologies for a product that combines high energy efficiency and high operational safety, and solves the problems existing in current technologies.

[0027] like Figure 1 A control method for an adaptive recovery and power generation system of gravitational potential energy from an oil pumping unit includes the following operational steps: S1. Install the reversing interception module in the power output circuit of the corresponding pumping unit drive motor. The status detection unit inside the reversing interception module detects and determines the occurrence of reverse power generation through mechanical identification or electrical parameter identification. The path switching unit inside the commutation interception module will receive the adjustment command from the status detection unit, that is, drive the switch to switch the motor output from the power grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. S2. After the recovered electrical energy is transmitted to the conversion and storage module, it is first processed by the rectification and drive circuit. Then, the processed power is transmitted to the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit. Through the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit, the electrical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The converted hydraulic energy is further utilized in the hydraulic accumulator to store high-pressure hydraulic oil and smooth pressure fluctuations, forming a stable hydraulic source. S3. The distribution output module can automatically distribute the flow according to the needs of the pumping unit during the use of high-pressure hydraulic oil through its internal multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group. That is, the load pressure of each output branch is fed back to the pressure comparison mechanism inside the valve group through the pilot line, such as the valve core and spring group. Then, the throttling opening of each branch is automatically adjusted to achieve pure mechanical hydraulic on-demand priority oil supply.

[0028] like Figures 2-5An electric energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit is applied in an adaptive recovery power generation system of gravitational potential energy of an oil pump. The electric energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit includes an electric motor 1 and a hydraulic pump unit 2. A coupling 3 is connected between the output end of the electric motor 1 and the input end of the hydraulic pump unit 2. The diameter of the output end of the electric motor 1 is the same as the diameter of the input end of the hydraulic pump unit 2. A main support 4 is installed at the bottom of the electric motor 1 and the bottom of the hydraulic pump unit 2. An independent support is fitted in the middle of the main support 4. Auxiliary support components 6 are provided on both sides of the independent support to support the coupling 3. The independent support includes a first independent support body 5 and a second independent support body 10. The bottom of the first independent support body 5 is fixed to the top of the second independent support body 10. Thus, the combined use of the first independent support body 5 and the second independent support body 10 can independently support the two auxiliary support components 6 and the coupling 3, improving the stability of the coupling 3 in continuous use. The auxiliary support component 6 includes an arc-shaped support plate 61 and an arc-shaped buckle plate 62. The bottom of the arc-shaped support plate 61 is fixed to the top of the first independent support body 5, and fasteners are provided between the top side of the arc-shaped support plate 61 and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate 62. Several arc-shaped buckles 62 are fitted on the inner wall of the top of the arc-shaped support plate 61 and the inner wall of the arc-shaped buckle plate 62, and the arc-shaped buckles 62 can fit and contact the corresponding end surface of the coupling 3. Both the top side of the arc-shaped support plate 61 and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate 62 are provided with clearance holes. The fasteners include bolts and nuts. One end of the bolt can pass through the two clearance holes located opposite each other and be threadedly connected to the nut, thereby providing convenient conditions for the assembly or disassembly of the arc-shaped support plate 61 and the arc-shaped buckle plate 62.

[0029] In operation, the electric motor 1 receives and recovers electrical energy and transmits it to the hydraulic pump unit 2. The hydraulic pump unit 2 converts electrical energy into hydraulic energy. The coupling 3 provides a good transmission condition for continuous alignment between the electric motor 1 and the hydraulic pump unit 2. To further reduce the variation in alignment deviation during the combined use of the electric motor 1, hydraulic pump unit 2, and coupling 3, two auxiliary support components 6 are provided to support and buffer the coupling 3. The specific principle is as follows: During the rotational transmission of coupling 3, several damping balls 63 inside the arc-shaped buckle plate 62 and several damping balls 63 inside the arc-shaped support plate 61 can provide auxiliary support for coupling 3 without interfering with its rotational output. They can also dissipate energy through rolling friction when subjected to the vibration of the rotational transmission of coupling 3, thus fully improving the stability of the transmission transition between coupling 3 and motor 1 and hydraulic pump unit 2, thereby ensuring the alignment effect during the continuous transmission conversion process between motor 1 and hydraulic pump unit 2.

[0030] like Figures 2-7Each of the two arc-shaped support plates 61 has a first assembly groove in its middle. An eccentric detection component 7 is installed in the first assembly groove. One end of each eccentric detection component 7 can be in contact with the output end surface of the motor 1 and the input end surface of the hydraulic pump unit 2, respectively. The other end of each eccentric detection component 7 is movably connected to a pressure sensor 8 installed on the top of the first independent support body 5. The eccentric detection component 7 includes an N-shaped detection rod 71. Several guide rods 72 are fixedly sleeved inside the first assembly groove in the middle of the N-shaped detection rod 71. A first return spring 73 is installed on the outside of the guide rod 72. The two ends of the first return spring 73 are fixed to the surface of the middle part of the N-shaped detection rod 71 and the inner wall of the assembly groove, respectively. The ends of both ends of the N-shaped detection rod 71 are set as hemispherical structures.

[0031] During use, considering the need to monitor the alignment status of the motor 1 and hydraulic pump unit 2 during continuous transmission output, two eccentricity detection components 7 are linked to their respective pressure sensors 8 for real-time monitoring. The specific principle is as follows: During the output process of electric motor 1 or hydraulic pump unit 2, the N-shaped detection rod 71 inside the corresponding eccentric detection component 7 will synchronously contact the output end surface of electric motor 1 or the input end surface of hydraulic pump unit 2, and after receiving shaft drive runout, it will synchronously press against pressure sensor 8, thereby causing pressure sensor 8 to continuously output pressure data. Then, the pressure data output by the two pressure sensors 8 are compared independently and relatively. When comparing independently, the average value of multiple pressure data output by a pressure sensor 8 is taken. If the average value is within the preset range, it indicates that the output of the monitored hydraulic pump unit 2 or motor 1 is normal. Otherwise, it indicates that the output of the hydraulic pump unit 2 or motor 1 is fluctuating significantly and needs to be repaired in time.

[0032] Relative comparison Plot the multiple pressure data output by the two pressure sensors 8 into curves and compare them. If the lines are obviously separated, it means that the centering and transmission effect of the motor 1 and the hydraulic pump unit 2 has decreased and needs to be repaired in time. If the lines are relatively overlapping, it means that the centering and transmission effect of the motor 1 and the hydraulic pump unit 2 is good.

[0033] like Figure 2 The front and rear ends of the main support 4 are provided with second assembly slots, and several damping components 9 are installed in the second assembly slots. The damping components 9 include a damping ring 91 and an inverted T-shaped rod 92. The damping ring 91 has a guide hole in the middle and is connected to one end of the inverted T-shaped rod 92 through the guide hole. The other end of the inverted T-shaped rod 92 is detachably installed on the inner wall of the second assembly slot by screws. A second return spring 93 is installed between the bottom of the damping ring 91 and the bottom of the inverted T-shaped rod 92.

[0034] In use, considering the stability effect of the main support 4 in supporting the hydraulic pump unit 2 and the motor 1, the inverted T-shaped rods 92 inside the several damping components 9 are linked with the corresponding second return springs 93 to fully dampen and buffer the vibrations generated by the operation of the main support 4, the motor 1 and the hydraulic pump unit 2.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit, characterized in that: The system includes a reversal interception module, a conversion storage module, and a distribution output module. The reversal interception module is installed in the power output circuit of the drive motor of each pumping unit. When the reverse power generation is detected, it automatically disconnects the motor output from the power grid and switches it to a dedicated line connected to the conversion storage module. The conversion and storage module is connected to the output of all commutation interception modules to receive the captured electrical energy. The output of the conversion and storage module is a stable high-pressure hydraulic oil port. The conversion and storage module includes a rectifier and drive circuit, an electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit, and a hydraulic accumulator. The hydraulic accumulator is connected to the output of the electrical energy to hydraulic energy unit. The input end of the distribution output module is connected to the high-pressure oil port of the conversion storage module through the main oil pipe, and the distribution output module has multiple independent output branches. Each branch is connected to the auxiliary actuator of the corresponding pumping unit through hydraulic pipelines. The distribution output module includes a multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group.

2. The adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reversing interception module includes a status detection unit and a path switching unit. The status detection unit can identify reverse generation, and the path switching unit can receive instructions from the detection unit to drive the switch to switch the motor output from the grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. The status detection unit's identification methods include mechanical identification and electrical parameter identification. The mechanical identification method uses a mechanical centrifugal speed controller whose input shaft is linked to the motor shaft. When the speed exceeds the limit, the flyweight mechanism directly outputs a mechanical displacement signal.

3. The adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrical parameter identification method involves using sensors to collect electrical parameters on the motor side, and a control unit to calculate the power flow direction and determine the power generation status.

4. The adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical energy input to the conversion and storage module can be rectified and processed by the drive circuit to provide a suitable power source for the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit, and use it to convert electrical energy into hydraulic energy and deliver it to the hydraulic accumulator to form a stable hydraulic source.

5. The adaptive recovery and power generation system for the gravitational potential energy of an oil pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group inside the distribution output module can adopt a hydraulic load-sensitive distribution scheme to automatically adjust the throttling opening of each output branch.

6. A control method for an adaptive recovery and power generation system of gravitational potential energy from an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The following steps are included: S1. Install the reversing interception module in the power output circuit of the corresponding pumping unit drive motor. The status detection unit inside the reversing interception module detects and determines the occurrence of reverse power generation through mechanical identification or electrical parameter identification. The path switching unit inside the commutation interception module will receive the adjustment command from the status detection unit, that is, drive the switch to switch the motor output from the power grid contact to the contact leading to the conversion storage module. S2. After the recovered electrical energy is transmitted to the conversion and storage module, it is first processed by the rectification and drive circuit. Then, the processed power is transmitted to the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit. Through the electrical energy to hydraulic energy conversion unit, the electrical energy is converted into hydraulic energy. The converted hydraulic energy is further utilized in the hydraulic accumulator to store high-pressure hydraulic oil and smooth pressure fluctuations, forming a stable hydraulic source. S3. The distribution output module can automatically distribute the flow according to the needs of the pumping unit during the use of high-pressure hydraulic oil through its internal multi-way hydraulic distribution valve group. That is, the load pressure of each output branch is fed back to the pressure comparison mechanism inside the valve group through the pilot line, such as the valve core and spring group. Then, the throttling opening of each branch is automatically adjusted to achieve pure mechanical hydraulic on-demand priority oil supply.

7. An electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit, applied to the adaptive recovery and power generation system of gravitational potential energy of the pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The electric power to hydraulic power unit includes an electric motor (1) and a hydraulic pump unit (2). A coupling (3) is connected between the output end of the electric motor (1) and the input end of the hydraulic pump unit (2). The diameter of the output end of the electric motor (1) is the same as the diameter of the input end of the hydraulic pump unit (2). A main support (4) is installed at the bottom of the electric motor (1) and the bottom of the hydraulic pump unit (2). An independent support is fitted in the middle of the main support (4). Auxiliary support components (6) that can support the coupling (3) are provided on both sides of the independent support.

8. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The independent support includes a first independent support body (5) and a second independent support body (10). The bottom of the first independent support body (5) is fixed to the top of the second independent support body (10). The auxiliary support component (6) includes an arc-shaped support plate (61) and an arc-shaped buckle plate (62). The bottom of the arc-shaped support plate (61) is fixed to the top of the first independent support body (5). Fasteners are provided between the top side of the arc-shaped support plate (61) and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate (62). Several arc-shaped buckles (62) are fitted on the inner wall of the top of the arc-shaped support plate (61) and the inner wall of the arc-shaped buckle plate (62). The arc-shaped buckles (62) can fit and contact the corresponding end surface of the coupling (3). The top side of the arc-shaped support plate (61) and the bottom side of the arc-shaped buckle plate (62) are provided with clearance holes. The fasteners include bolts and nuts. One end of the bolt can pass through two clearance holes that are opposite each other and be threadedly connected to the nut.

9. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two arc-shaped support plates (61) are provided with a first assembly slot in the middle. An eccentric detection component (7) is installed in the first assembly slot. One end of the two eccentric detection components (7) can be in contact with the output end surface of the motor (1) and the input end surface of the hydraulic pump unit (2), respectively. The other end of the two eccentric detection components (7) is movably connected to a pressure sensor (8) installed on the top of the first independent support body (5). The eccentricity detection assembly (7) includes an N-shaped detection rod (71). Several guide rods (72) are fixedly sleeved inside the first assembly groove in the middle of the N-shaped detection rod (71). A first reset spring (73) is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod (72). The two ends of the first reset spring (73) are respectively fixed to the surface of the middle part of the N-shaped detection rod (71) and the inner wall of the assembly groove. The ends of both ends of the N-shaped detection rod (71) are set as hemispherical structures.

10. The electro-hydraulic energy conversion unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the main support (4) are provided with second assembly slots, and several damping components (9) are installed in the second assembly slots. The damping components (9) include a damping ring (91) and an inverted T-shaped rod (92). The damping ring (91) has a guide hole in the middle and is connected to one end of the inverted T-shaped rod (92) through the guide hole. The other end of the inverted T-shaped rod (92) is detachably installed on the inner wall of the second assembly slot by screws. A second return spring (93) is installed between the bottom of the damping ring (91) and the bottom of the inverted T-shaped rod (92).

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