Method and system for evaluating blasting effect based on GNSS high-precision space-time reference

Abstract

The application relates to a blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision space-time reference, comprising the following steps: acquiring blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources in blasting operation through multiple measuring points with GNSS high-precision space-time reference arranged in a target rock mass region; extracting P-wave arrival time based on the blasting seismic wave signals of the multiple blasting sources, acquiring multiple groups of blasting event P-wave arrival time data groups corresponding to the same blasting source; determining the expected spatial position of all target blasting sources through blasting source parameter iterative search based on residual evaluation; identifying blind shots and determining the positioning blasting source through the expected spatial position; constructing a rock mass PPV space comprehensive distribution field based on a PPV value set of each positioning blasting source, and determining a rock mass damage region and degree caused by the blasting operation in combination with a wave velocity drop quantitative value; and obtaining a blasting effect evaluation result based on the blind shot identification result and the rock mass damage region and degree caused by the blasting operation. The application can realize accurate and rapid blasting effect evaluation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision spatiotemporal reference using GNSS. Background Technology

[0002] Drill-and-blast method, with its advantages of high efficiency and economy, has been widely used in rock excavation projects in various fields such as water conservancy and hydropower, mining, and transportation tunnels. However, due to the influence of multiple factors such as blasting parameter design, equipment quality, on-site construction technology, and complex geological conditions, as well as insufficient understanding of the evolution law of blasting effects and disaster mechanisms, blasting safety accidents occur from time to time. Misfires and rock mass damage caused by blasting vibration (referred to as rock mass damage) are two major sources of blasting safety risks and have long been the core problems affecting the construction safety and operational efficiency of rock drilling and blasting excavation projects.

[0003] To ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of rock drilling and blasting excavation projects, effective control of blasting risks is essential. Accurate and rapid blasting effect evaluation is fundamental to effective blasting risk control. Blasting effects refer to all physical responses and engineering consequences that occur in the rock and soil mass and surrounding environment after explosive detonation. Blasting effect evaluation includes misfire effect evaluation and rock mass damage effect evaluation. Misfire effect evaluation assesses the reliability of the detonation network based on identified misfires; rock mass damage effect evaluation determines whether the rock mass damage exceeds the design allowable threshold based on the determined degree and extent of rock mass damage. Through blasting effect evaluation, the design and execution of subsequent blasting operations can be optimized, making the blasting process more controllable and safer, thereby achieving blasting risk control.

[0004] Therefore, in order to achieve effective blasting risk control, it is necessary to provide a reliable and efficient method for evaluating blasting effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method and system for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision spatiotemporal reference using GNSS. By accurately and quickly identifying misfires and accurately and quickly determining the degree and extent of rock mass damage caused by blasting vibrations, it achieves accurate and rapid evaluation of blasting effects.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference, including:

[0007] By deploying multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references in the target rock mass area, the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources in the blasting operation are obtained.

[0008] Based on the blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources collected from the multiple measuring points, the P-wave arrival time is extracted to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; the P-wave arrival time datasets from all measuring points are processed to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blasting source.

[0009] Based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data set is referred to as the target blast source through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, and the expected spatial location of all target blast sources is determined; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, misfires are identified, and the actual spatial location of the target blast source is determined, thereby obtaining the localized blast source;

[0010] A spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV is constructed using the PPV value set based on each blast source, and the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation are determined by combining the wave velocity reduction value.

[0011] Based on the blind blasting identification results and the damage area and extent of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation, the blasting effect evaluation results are obtained.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a blasting effect evaluation system based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference, comprising:

[0013] The blasting seismic wave signal acquisition module is used to acquire blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations by using multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references deployed in the target rock mass area.

[0014] The P-wave arrival time data acquisition module for blasting events is used to: extract the P-wave arrival time based on the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources collected from the multiple measuring points, and obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; process the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blasting source.

[0015] The target blast source localization and blind blast identification module is used to: based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data groups of blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, identify the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event as the target blast source, determine the expected spatial location of all target blast sources; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, identify blind blasts, and determine the actual spatial location of the target blast source to obtain the localized blast source;

[0016] The rock mass damage determination module is used to: construct a comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each location blast source, and combine it with the wave velocity reduction value to determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation;

[0017] The blasting effect evaluation module is used to obtain blasting effect evaluation results based on the blind blasting identification results and the damage area and degree of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation.

[0018] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in the first aspect.

[0019] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in the first aspect.

[0020] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in the first aspect.

[0021] This application acquires blasting seismic wave signals through GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference points, and utilizes P-wave arrival time extraction and iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation to achieve accurate and rapid identification and target blast source location for blind blasts. By combining the PPV spatial distribution field and wave velocity reduction value, the area and extent of rock mass damage are accurately and rapidly determined. Based on a unified spatiotemporal reference, the entire process is automated to achieve accurate and rapid comprehensive evaluation of blasting effects, significantly improving the reliability and timeliness of the evaluation results, thereby enabling blasting risk prevention and control capabilities to have both higher reliability and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of positioning and timing of multiple measuring points with a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of P-wave arrival time extraction and blind shot identification at each measuring point provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario for the blasting effect evaluation method based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in this application embodiment.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting effect evaluation system based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 1 The blasting effect evaluation method based on GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in this application includes steps 110 to 150, which will be described in detail below.

[0032] Step 110: Obtain blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations by deploying multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references in the target rock mass area.

[0033] Step 120: Based on the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points, extract the P-wave arrival time to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; process the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source.

[0034] Step 130: Based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data set for the blasting event is referred to as the target blast source through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, and the expected spatial location of all target blast sources is determined; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, misfires are identified, and the actual spatial location of the target blast source is determined to obtain the location of the blast source.

[0035] Step 140: Construct a spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each blast source, and determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation by combining the wave velocity reduction value.

[0036] Step 150: Based on the blind blast identification results and the damage area and extent of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation, the blasting effect evaluation results are obtained.

[0037] In this embodiment, it can be understood that each measuring point collects blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources. A blast source refers to a blasting seismic source, that is, the source that generates blasting seismic waves. A blast source can be a design blast hole for detonation. Multiple blast sources in a blasting operation can correspond to multiple design blast holes connected in the same detonation network, or they can correspond to multiple design blast holes that are detonated sequentially or at different times in different detonation networks.

[0038] It is understandable that the P-wave arrival time dataset for all measuring points is a summary set of the P-wave arrival time datasets for each measuring point, containing P-wave arrival time data from all measuring points. Specifically, the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point is a collection of all P-wave arrival times recorded at that measuring point. Based on the P-wave arrival time dataset for all measuring points, multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events can be obtained. Each set of P-wave arrival time data for a blasting event corresponds to the same blast source, while different sets of P-wave arrival time data for different blasting events correspond to different blast sources.

[0039] It should be noted that, for the purposes of description in this application, the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event is referred to as the target blast source. That is, the target blast source refers to the actual blast source corresponding to or represented by the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event. The P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event corresponding to the target blast source refers to the set of P-wave arrival times detected by all measuring points and belonging to the target blast source, and each P-wave arrival time is associated with corresponding measuring point information. For example, the measuring point information includes at least one of measuring point identification information and measuring point spatial location information. In this application embodiment, the measuring point associated with the P-wave arrival time refers to the measuring point that records the P-wave arrival time. It can be understood that the PPV value (Peak Particle Velocity) refers to the peak particle vibration velocity. The PPV value is extracted from the blasting seismic wave signal of each measuring point and is used to quantify the maximum velocity of particle vibration at the measuring point.

[0040] This application embodiment acquires blasting seismic wave signals through GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference points, and uses P-wave arrival time extraction and iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation to achieve accurate and rapid identification of blind blasts and location of target blast sources. Combining the PPV spatial distribution field and wave velocity reduction value, it accurately and rapidly determines the area and degree of rock mass damage. Based on a unified spatiotemporal reference, the fully automated processing achieves accurate and rapid comprehensive evaluation of blasting effects, significantly improving the reliability and timeliness of the evaluation results, thereby making the blasting risk prevention and control capability both more reliable and efficient.

[0041] Specifically, this embodiment of the application collects blasting seismic wave signals from multiple measuring points deployed in the target rock mass area with a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference. P-wave arrival times are extracted and a P-wave arrival time data set for the blasting event is constructed. The expected spatial location of the target blast source is rapidly solved through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation. Combined with matching comparison, misfires are accurately identified and the blast source is located, achieving accurate and rapid identification of misfires. Based on this, a spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV is constructed using the PPV value set of the located blast source. Combined with wave velocity reduction values, vibration intensity and changes in rock mass properties are integrated to accurately delineate the damage area and extent, achieving accurate and rapid determination of rock mass damage. Finally, by integrating misfire information and damage assessment results, a multi-dimensional evaluation of the blasting effect is performed. Because the entire process is based on a unified high-precision spatiotemporal reference and the algorithm is automated and can be processed in parallel, the evaluation time can be significantly shortened while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation results, meeting the needs of blasting engineering sites for accurate and rapid feedback of blasting effects.

[0042] The following description Figure 1 Further optional specific embodiments for each step in the evaluation of blasting effects based on a high-precision spatiotemporal reference using GNSS are provided in the example.

[0043] Step 110: Obtain blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations by deploying multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references in the target rock mass area.

[0044] It is understandable that by acquiring blasting seismic wave signals from multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references, all blasting seismic wave signals can be kept consistent in terms of time and space references, thereby enabling joint processing of blasting seismic wave signals from different measuring points and different blast sources under a unified spatial coordinate system and time reference system.

[0045] In some embodiments, in the step of acquiring blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations through multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references deployed in the target rock mass area, each measuring point is equipped with a vibration sensing unit and a GNSS spatiotemporal module; the vibration sensing unit is used to collect blasting seismic wave signals at the measuring point; each GNSS spatiotemporal module is used for positioning and timing, providing a unified high-precision time and space reference for all blasting seismic wave signals.

[0046] For example, based on multiple measuring points deployed in the target rock mass area, the vibration sensing units configured at each measuring point are used to collect blasting seismic wave signals, and the GNSS spatiotemporal modules configured at each measuring point are used for positioning and timing. The spatial coordinates of each measuring point based on the same spatial coordinate system are obtained through the positioning of the GNSS spatiotemporal modules, and the spatial coordinates of the measuring points are bound to the blasting seismic wave signals. The precise time of each measuring point based on the same time reference system is obtained through the timing of the GNSS spatiotemporal modules, and a time tag is assigned to the blasting seismic wave signals.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of positioning and timing of multiple measuring points with a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in the embodiments of this application. Please refer to... Figure 2 The principles of positioning and timing at measurement points are explained. The GNSS spatiotemporal module includes a GNSS timing module and an RTK positioning module. The GNSS timing module is a functional module that receives satellite signals broadcast by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to achieve high-precision time synchronization. The RTK positioning module is a functional module that uses Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technology based on the Global Navigation Satellite System to achieve high-precision real-time positioning.

[0048] For example, the vibration sensing unit can be a three-dimensional vibration sensing unit. For example, each measuring point is equipped with a three-dimensional vibration sensing unit, a GNSS timing module, an RTK positioning module, and a data acquisition and storage unit. The GNSS timing module unifies the time reference, with a time synchronization error of less than 100 ns. RTK technology is used to obtain the precise three-dimensional spatial coordinates Ai=(xi, yi, zi) of each measuring point i (i=1, 2,…, M) in the geodetic coordinate system.

[0049] Understandably, multiple measuring points deployed in the target rock mass area constitute a blast source detection array. For example, the blast source detection array contains M (M≥4) measuring points. The number of measuring points can be increased according to the required detection accuracy and resolution. The coverage area of ​​the measuring point array is determined based on the maximum possible boundary of the blast damage zone, and the measuring points are arranged to ensure they are not coplanar as much as possible. The measuring points are tightly bonded to the rock mass using a coupling agent to ensure high-fidelity transmission of the vibration signal.

[0050] In some embodiments, in the step of acquiring blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations through multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references deployed in the target rock mass area, the spacing between the multiple measuring points deployed in the target rock mass area should, as far as possible, satisfy the spacing formula:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, d is the distance between two measuring points; D is the maximum value of the vertical distances formed between the explosion source and all measuring points; and λ is the wavelength of the P-wave.

[0053] Understandably, during blasting vibrations, if the distance between adjacent measuring points is too small, the time difference (signal time difference) between the blasting seismic wave signals from the same blast source reaching the two measuring points will be less than the instrument's time resolution, leading to signal confusion and making it impossible to distinguish between the time difference of two independent signals and instrument error. However, the aforementioned spacing formula ensures that any adjacent measuring points can generate a distinguishable signal time difference for detecting the blast source.

[0054] Step 120: Based on the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points, extract the P-wave arrival time to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; process the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source.

[0055] In some embodiments, before the step of extracting the P-wave arrival time based on the blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points, the method further includes:

[0056] Using the constructed equivalent wave velocity field model of the target rock mass region, the minimum P-wave velocity, maximum P-wave velocity, and average P-wave velocity of the target rock mass region are obtained; the range of P-wave velocity is determined with the minimum and maximum P-wave velocities as the interval endpoints.

[0057] It can be understood that the P-wave velocity range of the target rock mass area refers to the range between the minimum and maximum propagation velocities of P-waves within that area. The minimum P-wave velocity of the target rock mass area refers to the minimum propagation speed of P-waves within that area. The maximum P-wave velocity of the target rock mass area refers to the maximum propagation speed of P-waves within that area. The average P-wave velocity of the target rock mass area refers to the average propagation speed of P-waves within that area.

[0058] For example, the steps for constructing the equivalent wave velocity field model of the target rock mass region include: sampling the rock mass at different locations within the target rock mass region to obtain multiple rock samples with known spatial coordinates; testing the multiple rock samples to obtain the P-wave velocity test results for each rock sample; and constructing the equivalent wave velocity field model of the target rock mass region based on the spatial coordinates of the multiple rock samples and the P-wave velocity test results. For example, the rock samples can be obtained through drilling, and the P-wave velocity test results of the rock samples can be obtained through laboratory ultrasound.

[0059] It is understandable that the equivalent wave velocity field model of the rock mass is used to reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of P-wave velocity in the target rock mass region. In the embodiments of this application, the main purpose of constructing the equivalent wave velocity field model of the rock mass is to obtain a reasonable range of P-wave propagation time between measuring points, so it is not necessary to accurately characterize the spatial details of the velocity field inside the rock mass.

[0060] Drilling samples are taken from rock masses at different locations within the target rock mass area. Laboratory ultrasonic testing is performed on the rock samples to obtain an equivalent wave velocity model for P-wave propagation calculation. The equivalent wave velocity field model is used to constrain a reasonable range of P-wave propagation time and does not need to accurately depict the spatial details of the velocity field inside the rock mass.

[0061] The equivalent wave velocity field model of the rock mass is a model that reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of P-wave velocity in the entire rock mass blasting area, based on the test results of P-wave velocity of rock samples at different locations in the entire rock mass blasting area.

[0062] In some embodiments, the step of extracting P-wave arrival times from the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point includes:

[0063] The blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources collected at the multiple measuring points are purified and preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed blasting seismic wave signals from each measuring point.

[0064] In the preprocessed blasting seismic wave signals at each measuring point, the analysis time window signal of each blast source is selected. The analysis time window signal includes a background noise segment and an effective signal segment.

[0065] Based on the analysis time window signal, the arrival time of the P wave is obtained;

[0066] Based on the P-wave arrival times of each measuring point and all explosion sources, the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point is obtained.

[0067] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the correspondence between each P-wave arrival time and the specific explosion source in the obtained P-wave arrival time dataset is not yet clear, and this correspondence will be determined through subsequent steps.

[0068] For example, the step of purifying and preprocessing the blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points includes: performing detrending processing and bandpass filtering processing on the blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources collected from the multiple measuring points; removing baseline drift of the blasting seismic wave signals collected from each measuring point through detrending processing; and removing low-frequency interference and high-frequency noise of the blasting seismic wave signals collected from each measuring point through bandpass filtering processing.

[0069] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of P-wave arrival time extraction and blind shot identification at each measuring point provided in the embodiments of this application. Please refer to... Figure 3 Understanding blast-induced seismic wave signals and P-wave arrival times: It can be understood that during a blasting event, the blast-induced seismic wave signal recorded at the measuring point transforms from a stable statistical characteristic dominated by background noise to a non-stationary signal containing significant energy components. The arrival time of this non-stationary signal corresponds to the abrupt change in the signal's statistical characteristics; this abrupt change point is the first arrival of the P-wave. The first arrival of the P-wave refers to the moment when the P-wave first appears in the blast-induced seismic wave signal recorded at the measuring point; it is the signal abrupt change point, a characteristic point in the signal, and a relative time. The P-wave arrival time refers to the specific time when the P-wave propagates from the blast source to the measuring point; it is an absolute time. The P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point can be sequential data. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The P-wave arrival time dataset at measurement point i can be represented as follows: ,in, The arrival time of the g-th P-wave at measurement point i.

[0070] In this embodiment, blasting seismic wave signals are acquired using measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references; therefore, the P-wave first arrival is equal to the P-wave arrival time. The blasting seismic wave signal is a continuous time-series data stream, containing multiple signal segments corresponding to different blast sources. Each signal segment corresponds to one blast source and records the P-wave arrival time information of that blast source.

[0071] In this embodiment, the effective signal segment includes the signal segments of the P-wave arrival time and subsequent waveforms. Since the analysis window signal includes a background noise segment and an effective signal segment, it can be ensured that the analysis window signal definitely contains P-wave arrival time information.

[0072] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the arrival time of the P-wave based on the analysis time window signal includes:

[0073] Multiple sampling points are extracted from the analysis time window signal. The multiple sampling points constitute a signal sequence. Each sampling point includes the sampling time and the corresponding signal amplitude.

[0074] For each sampling point in the signal sequence, the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence are divided with the sampling point as the boundary. Based on the statistical variance of the signal amplitude of the first signal sequence and the statistical variance of the signal amplitude of the second signal sequence, an evaluation function for the sampling point is constructed, and the evaluation function value of the sampling point is calculated.

[0075] Among all sampling points in the signal sequence, the sampling point with the smallest evaluation function value is found to obtain the target sampling point, and the sampling time of the target sampling point is taken as the arrival time of the P wave.

[0076] In this embodiment, the statistical variance of the signal amplitude calculated within the analysis time window is used. This variance reflects the change in signal amplitude caused by the arrival of the P-wave. By analyzing the variation characteristics of this statistical variance within the analysis time window, the sampling points of abrupt changes in signal amplitude are determined, thereby accurately extracting the arrival time of the P-wave. Accurate extraction of the P-wave arrival time provides a crucial data foundation for the accurate and rapid positioning of misfires and for the accurate and rapid determination of the area and extent of rock mass damage.

[0077] It is understood that in the step of dividing the first signal sequence and the second signal sequence with the sampling point as the boundary, the first signal sequence is the entire signal sequence located before the sampling point in the signal sequence, and the second signal sequence is the entire signal sequence located after the sampling point in the signal sequence.

[0078] It is also understandable that the evaluation function of the sampling point is used to quantitatively characterize the degree of fluctuation difference between the two segments of the signal before and after the sampling point, and to indicate the rationality of the sampling point as the arrival time of the P wave with a numerical value.

[0079] In some embodiments, in the step of constructing an evaluation function for the sampling point based on the statistical variance of the signal amplitude of the first signal sequence and the statistical variance of the signal amplitude of the second signal sequence, the evaluation function for the sampling point is:

[0080] ;

[0081] In the formula: Let be the evaluation function for the k-th sampling point in the signal sequence; k is the index of the sampling point, and the value of k ranges from 1, 2, ..., N; N is the total number of sampling points in the signal sequence. Let V be the variance of the first signal sequence divided by the k-th sampling point; denoted as , where is the variance of the second signal sequence divided by the k-th sampling point; N is the number of sampling points within the analysis window.

[0082] In some embodiments, the step of processing the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source includes:

[0083] Among all the data channels corresponding to all measurement points, the data channel with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the P-wave signal is selected as the reference measurement point channel;

[0084] For each of all measuring points, the maximum propagation time window for that measuring point is determined based on the distance between that measuring point and the farthest blast source, and the minimum P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area.

[0085] Using the P-wave arrival time of the reference measuring point channel as the time reference, and utilizing the maximum propagation time window, the P-wave arrival times in the P-wave arrival time dataset of all measuring points are grouped to obtain multiple groups of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source.

[0086] In this embodiment, it can be understood that each measuring point corresponds to a data channel. The data channel corresponding to a measuring point refers to an independent signal acquisition path configured at that measuring point, consisting of components such as a vibration sensing unit and a GNSS spatiotemporal module. The waveform data output by this path, recorded in a time sequence, i.e., the blasting seismic wave signal, constitutes the data of this channel. The signal-to-noise ratio of the P-wave signal refers to the ratio of the energy of the effective P-wave signal segment to the energy of the background noise segment within the analysis time window.

[0087] The farthest blast source refers to the blast source that is furthest from the measuring point among the multiple blast sources. By grouping the P-wave arrival times in the P-wave arrival time dataset of all measuring points, multiple sets of blasting event P-wave arrival time data are obtained. Each set of blasting event P-wave arrival time data corresponds to one blast source, that is, to one independent blasting event.

[0088] It can be further understood that the reference measurement point channel is determined by selecting the data channel with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the P-wave signal. Since the reference measurement point channel has the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the P-wave signal, its P-wave arrival time extraction is accurate and its anti-interference capability is strong. Therefore, each P-wave arrival time of this channel can be used as a global time reference to provide a reliable time reference for grouping the P-wave arrival times in the P-wave arrival time dataset of all measurement points.

[0089] The maximum propagation time window of a measuring point is determined based on the geometric distance from the measuring point to the blast source that is farthest from all blast sources, and the minimum propagation velocity of P-waves in the target rock mass area. By using the maximum propagation time window of the measuring point, P-wave arrival times that differ from the time reference by more than the maximum propagation time window can be eliminated, thereby avoiding the incorrect classification of P-wave arrival times from different blast sources into the same blasting event P-wave arrival time data group.

[0090] The step of determining the maximum propagation time window of the measuring point based on the distance between the measuring point and the farthest blast source, and the minimum P-wave velocity of the target rock mass area, includes:

[0091] The formula for calculating the maximum propagation time window at this measuring point is:

[0092] ;

[0093] In the formula: d max This refers to the distance between the measuring point and the farthest blast source among multiple blast sources within the target rock mass area; v min The minimum P-wave velocity in the target rock mass region.

[0094] In some embodiments, the step of using the P-wave arrival time of the reference measuring point channel as the time reference, and utilizing the maximum propagation time window to group the P-wave arrival times in the P-wave arrival time dataset of all measuring points to obtain multiple groups of P-wave arrival time data corresponding to the same blast source includes:

[0095] Iterate through multiple P-wave arrival times of the reference measurement point channel, and select one P-wave arrival time in sequence as the current time reference.

[0096] Select one measurement point from all measurement points as the current measurement point. For each P-wave arrival time in the P-wave arrival time dataset of the current measurement point, calculate the difference between the P-wave arrival time and the current time reference, and take the absolute value of the difference as the first time difference.

[0097] By comparing the first time difference with the maximum propagation time window corresponding to the current measuring point, it is determined whether the arrival time of the P-wave is included in the P-wave arrival time data group of the same blasting source corresponding to the current time reference, and multiple P-wave arrival time data groups of the same blasting source are obtained.

[0098] For example, the step of comparing the first time difference with the maximum propagation time window corresponding to the current measuring point to determine whether to include the P-wave arrival time in the P-wave arrival time data group of the same blasting source corresponding to the current time reference includes:

[0099] If the first time difference is less than the maximum propagation time window corresponding to the current measuring point, then the arrival time of the P-wave is included in the P-wave arrival time data group of the same blast source corresponding to the current time reference; otherwise, it is not included.

[0100] In some embodiments, after processing the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data groups corresponding to the same blast source, the method further includes:

[0101] For each P-wave arrival time data set of a blasting event, abnormal P-wave arrival times are identified through propagation consistency constraints and multi-point consistency judgment; by correcting the abnormal P-wave arrival times, the corrected P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event is obtained.

[0102] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining a corrected set of P-wave arrival times for blasting events by correcting for abnormal P-wave arrival times includes:

[0103] A reliable set of measuring points is obtained by removing the abnormal P-wave arrival time-related measuring points from the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event; an abnormal set of measuring points is obtained by removing the abnormal P-wave arrival time-related measuring points from the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event.

[0104] By using the arrival time of P-waves at reliable measuring points, combined with the difference in spatial distance between anomalous measuring points and reliable measuring points, and the average P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area, the arrival time of anomalous P-waves is corrected.

[0105] Based on the corrected P-wave arrival times associated with each measuring point in the abnormal measuring point set and the P-wave arrival times associated with each measuring point in the reliable measuring point set, the corrected P-wave arrival time data set for the blasting event is obtained.

[0106] It is understood that, in this embodiment, the propagation consistency constraint is a constraint introduced based on the propagation process of blasting seismic waves in the rock mass, and follows the physical law that the product of wave velocity and propagation time equals the propagation distance.

[0107] In some embodiments, the step of identifying the arrival time of abnormal P-waves through propagation consistency constraints and multi-point consistency judgment includes:

[0108] Propagation consistency constraint steps: Based on the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event and the measurement point information associated with the P-wave arrival time, combine them to form measurement point pairs. For the P-wave arrival time difference of each measurement point pair, perform theoretical propagation time difference interval constraint judgment. The measurement point pairs that meet the interval constraint are identified as normal measurement point pairs, otherwise they are identified as abnormal measurement point pairs.

[0109] Multi-point consistency judgment steps: Extract all relevant measurement points from all abnormal measurement point pairs, and count the proportion of measurement point pairs that satisfy the theoretical propagation time difference interval constraint among all measurement point pairs formed within the P-wave arrival time data group of the corresponding blasting event; if the proportion is lower than the preset first threshold, the P-wave arrival time corresponding to the measurement point is identified as an abnormal P-wave arrival time.

[0110] For example, the first threshold can be set according to requirements, such as 0.6 or 0.7.

[0111] It is understood that in this embodiment, the propagation consistency constraint step is used to identify abnormal measurement point pairs; the multi-measurement point consistency judgment step is used to identify abnormal P-wave arrival times. The measurement point pairs that satisfy the theoretical propagation time difference interval constraint in the multi-measurement point consistency judgment step refer to: for each measurement point pair, the theoretical propagation time difference interval constraint is judged, and the measurement point pair that satisfies the interval constraint.

[0112] In some embodiments, the step of determining the theoretical propagation time difference interval constraint for the P-wave arrival time difference of each measurement point pair includes:

[0113] Calculate the difference in P-wave arrival time between the two measuring points in each measuring point pair, and take the absolute value of the difference as the P-wave arrival time difference;

[0114] Based on the spatial distance between the two measuring points and the range of P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area, the theoretical propagation time difference interval between the two measuring points is obtained;

[0115] Measurement point pairs whose P-wave arrival time difference falls within the theoretical propagation time difference range are considered normal measurement point pairs; measurement point pairs whose P-wave arrival time difference exceeds the theoretical propagation time difference range are considered abnormal measurement point pairs.

[0116] For example, the theoretical propagation time difference interval is... The range of P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area is: ,in, The minimum P-wave velocity in the target rock mass region. The maximum P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area. For measuring points i 1 to measuring point i 2 spatial distance.

[0117] For example, the step of correcting abnormal P-wave arrival times by utilizing the P-wave arrival times of reliable measuring points, combined with the spatial distance difference between reliable measuring points and the average P-wave velocity of the target rock mass region, includes:

[0118] The arrival time of the anomalous P-wave is corrected using a correction formula, the expression of which is:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula: For the first in the set of abnormal measurement points The P-wave arrival time is obtained after correcting for abnormal P-wave arrival times at each measuring point. For the first in the set of abnormal measurement points Each measuring point is also called a measuring point. ;

[0121] For the first reliable measurement point set P-wave arrival time at reliable measurement points; For the first reliable measurement point set Each measuring point is also called a measuring point. ;

[0122] K is the set of reliable measurement points; |K| is the total number of measurement points in the set of reliable measurement points;

[0123] For measuring points to the measuring point Spatial distance;

[0124] The average P-wave velocity is given by the value of denoted as ...

[0125] Step 130: Based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data set for the blasting event is referred to as the target blast source through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, and the expected spatial location of all target blast sources is determined; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, misfires are identified, and the actual spatial location of the target blast source is determined to obtain the location of the blast source.

[0126] Understandably, a misfire refers to a designed blast hole that failed to detonate. Identifying a misfire involves determining the undetonated blast hole from among multiple designed blast holes; in other words, it's about pinpointing the spatial location of the misfire. Therefore, identifying a misfire is equivalent to determining its spatial location.

[0127] In some embodiments, the step of determining the expected spatial location of all target blast sources by iteratively searching blast source parameters based on residual evaluation through multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data groups of blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, and referring to the blast sources corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data groups of blasting events as target blast sources, includes:

[0128] Each of the multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events is sequentially identified as the current P-wave arrival time data set, and the following steps are performed on the current P-wave arrival time data set:

[0129] Based on the P-wave arrival time data of the current blasting event, a set of blast source parameters containing the predicted spatial location and initiation time of the blast source is constructed. This set of blast source parameters is then used to generate an initial candidate solution set in the blast source parameter space.

[0130] Iterative optimization steps: The initial candidate solution set or the next-generation candidate solution set is used as the current candidate solution set. For each candidate solution in the current candidate solution set, using the candidate solution and the current P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event, the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution based on the P-wave arrival time is obtained. The residual evaluation value is used to quantify the degree of matching between the predicted blast source corresponding to the candidate solution and the target blast source corresponding to the current P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event. The current candidate solution set is updated using the residual evaluation values ​​of each candidate solution to obtain the next-generation candidate solution set.

[0131] Repeat the iterative optimization steps until the new generation of candidate solution sets reaches the preset termination condition based on the residual evaluation value, and obtain the target candidate solution set; determine the spatial location of the candidate solution with the smallest residual evaluation value in the target candidate solution set as the expected spatial location of the target explosion source;

[0132] By following the steps described above, the expected spatial locations of all target explosion sources are determined.

[0133] In this embodiment, residual evaluation conforming to the physical laws of wave propagation is employed to ensure that iterative optimization aligns with wave propagation characteristics. During iterative optimization, multi-point geometric constraints are used to perform cross-correction of candidate solutions in space, improving positioning stability. Furthermore, known information such as the design of boreholes guides the search range of candidate solutions, reducing the space of invalid solutions and thus improving search efficiency. Simultaneously, a termination condition based on residual evaluation is set to ensure timely termination of optimization when the iterative optimization reaches a preset convergence accuracy. Therefore, the expected spatial locations of all target blast sources can be quickly obtained, ensuring a high degree of consistency with their actual locations.

[0134] In this embodiment, the predicted blast source refers to a hypothetical blast source with the same blast source location and initiation time as the candidate solution. The target blast source refers to the actual blast source corresponding to or represented by the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event. The blast source parameter set, including the spatial location and initiation time of the predicted blast source, are unknown parameters to be solved. The blast source parameter space is the spatial location distribution range and initiation time distribution interval of all blast sources; the blast source parameter space can be determined based on the spatial distribution and initiation sequence of the designed blast holes.

[0135] Understandably, the residual evaluation value is used to quantify the degree of matching between the predicted blast source corresponding to the candidate solution and the target blast source corresponding to the data set at the arrival time of the P-wave of the current blasting event. The smaller the residual evaluation value, the higher the degree of matching between the predicted blast source and the target blast source; the larger the residual evaluation value, the lower the degree of matching between the predicted blast source and the target blast source.

[0136] For example, the set of explosion source parameters can be represented in any form, such as an explosion source parameter vector, an explosion source parameter list, or a combination of explosion source parameters. For instance, the set of explosion source parameters can be represented as... θ =( xs , y s , z s , t s ),in,( x s , y s , z s () represents the spatial coordinates of the explosion source. t s The detonation time of the explosion source is denoted as N, at which point the dimension of the explosion source parameter set is 4-dimensional, N=4.

[0137] For example, the spatial location of the explosion source can be represented using spatial coordinates, including but not limited to Cartesian coordinates and geographic coordinates. Cartesian coordinates can specifically be the WGS-84 geocentric rectangular coordinate system. Geographic coordinates can specifically be the WGS-84 geodetic coordinate system with latitude, longitude, and elevation.

[0138] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a set of blast source parameters containing the predicted spatial location and initiation time of the blast source based on the current blasting event P-wave arrival time data set, and using this set of blast source parameters to generate an initial candidate solution set in the blast source parameter space, includes:

[0139] Based on the P-wave arrival time data set of the current blasting event, an N-dimensional blast source parameter set is constructed, which includes the predicted spatial location and detonation time of the blast source.

[0140] Based on the spatial distribution and detonation sequence of the designed blast holes, the blast source parameter space is determined; in the blast source parameter space, specific values ​​are assigned to the blast source parameter set to construct N+1 initial candidate solutions, thus obtaining the initial candidate solution set.

[0141] Understandably, the dimension of the explosion source parameter set refers to the number of independent parameters used to describe a single predicted explosion source. Initial candidate solutions are obtained by assigning specific values ​​to the explosion source parameter set; multiple initial candidate solutions constitute an initial candidate solution set. Assigning specific values ​​to the explosion source parameter set means assigning specific spatial locations and detonation time values ​​to each dimension of the explosion source parameter set.

[0142] For example, the set of explosion source parameters can be represented as follows: θ =( x s , y s , z s , t s ),in,( x s ,y s , z s () represents the spatial coordinates of the explosion source. t s Let N be the detonation time of the explosion source. At this point, the dimension of the explosion source parameter set is 4-dimensional, N=4. The initial candidate solution set includes N+1, or 5, initial candidate solutions. θ (j) =( x s (j) , y s (j) , z s (j) , t s (j) ), j =1,2,…, J, J = N + 1 = 5 .

[0143] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution based on the P-wave arrival time using the candidate solution and the current blasting event P-wave arrival time data set includes:

[0144] Using the spatial location and detonation time of the predicted blast source included in the candidate solution, as well as the spatial locations of multiple P-wave arrival times and associated multiple measuring points in the current blasting event P-wave arrival time data set, the sum of squared residuals between the estimated P-wave arrival time and the measured P-wave arrival time at multiple measuring points is obtained, and the sum of squared residuals is used as the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution.

[0145] In this embodiment, the smaller the residual evaluation value, the better the residual evaluation value and the higher the matching degree between the predicted explosion source and the target explosion source; the larger the residual evaluation value, the worse the residual evaluation value and the lower the matching degree between the predicted explosion source and the target explosion source.

[0146] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the sum of squared residuals between the estimated P-wave arrival time and the measured P-wave arrival time at multiple measurement points includes:

[0147] For each measuring point, the first distance from the spatial location of the predicted blast source to the measuring point is obtained. The first time period is obtained based on the first distance and the average P-wave velocity of the target rock mass area. The arrival time of the predicted blast source at the measuring point is obtained based on the initiation time of the predicted blast source and the first time period. The P-wave arrival time residual at the measuring point is obtained based on the arrival time of the predicted blast source at the measuring point and the arrival time of the target blast source at the measuring point.

[0148] The average value of the P-wave arrival time residuals at multiple measurement points is calculated to obtain the sum of squares of the residuals.

[0149] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution based on the P-wave arrival time using the candidate solution and the current blasting event P-wave arrival time data set includes:

[0150] Using the spatial location and detonation time of the predicted blast source included in the candidate solution, and the spatial locations of multiple P-wave arrival times and associated measurement points in the current blasting event P-wave arrival time data set, a residual evaluation function for the candidate solution is constructed. Through the residual evaluation function, the sum of squared residuals between the estimated and measured P-wave arrival times at multiple measurement points is obtained, and this sum of squared residuals is used as the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution. The residual evaluation function is expressed as follows:

[0151] ;

[0152] In the formula: This is the residual evaluation function;

[0153] N g To record the total number of measuring points at the arrival time of P-wave in the data set for the g-th blasting event, g =1, 2,…, G, G The total number of data sets for the arrival of P-waves in multiple blasting events used to identify and locate misfires; N g ≤ M, M The total number of measuring points in the target rock mass area;

[0154] measuring point i To record the first g One of the measurement points for the arrival of the P-wave in the data set of the blasting event P-wave arrival, among which i = 1, 2,…,N g ; A i =( x i , y i , z i ( ) is the measuring point i Spatial coordinates; For the first g The data set of the P-wave arrival time of the group explosion event consists of measurement points. i When the recorded P wave arrives;

[0155] For the first in the candidate solution set j There are 10 candidate solutions. j =1,2,…, J , J=N+1, N The dimension of the explosion source parameter set; For the firstj candidate solutions Included spatial coordinates; For the first j candidate solutions Including the detonation time;

[0156] for and A i Euclidean distance; v a The average P-wave velocity in the target area.

[0157] In this embodiment, This can be understood as predicting the detonation time of the explosive source. This can be understood as predicting the spatial coordinates of the explosion source. Represents the spatial coordinates and measuring points of the predicted explosion source. i Euclidean distance of spatial coordinates; This indicates the propagation of the P-wave from the predicted explosion source to the measuring point. i The time period; This indicates the predicted detonation time of the blast source and the propagation of the P-wave from the predicted blast source to the measuring point. i The sum of the time periods is used to represent the measurement points corresponding to the predicted explosion source. i When the P wave arrives. For measuring points i The recorded P-wave inversion time is the actual measurement point. i When the P wave arrives. Indicates the measuring point i The residual between the measured P-wave arrival time and the predicted P-wave arrival time corresponding to the explosion source.

[0158] In some embodiments, the step of updating the current candidate solution set using the residual evaluation values ​​of each candidate solution to obtain a new generation of candidate solution set includes:

[0159] The candidate solution with the largest residual evaluation value is removed; based on the mean point of the remaining candidate solutions, new candidate solutions are generated in a direction away from the removed candidate solutions; based on the remaining candidate solutions and the new candidate solutions, a new generation of candidate solution set is obtained.

[0160] In this embodiment, the new candidate solution is calculated using the following formula:

[0161] ;

[0162] In the formula, θ new For new candidate solutions; η These are search coefficients used to control the direction and step size of generating new candidate solutions; θ c This is the mean point of the remaining candidate solutions; θ (J) These are the candidate solutions that were eliminated.

[0163] For example, regarding search coefficients η The value of is usually taken when the search process is stable, the residual evaluation value decreases normally, and the candidate solution distribution is reasonable. η =1, when the value is 1, the new candidate solution and the eliminated candidate solution are symmetrical about the mean point of the remaining candidate solutions; when the residual evaluation value of the candidate solutions in the initial candidate solution set is large, or the candidate solutions in the new generation candidate solution set are too concentrated, or the residual evaluation value of the candidate solutions in the new generation candidate solution set decreases slowly, η>1 can be used for extended search; when the new generation candidate solution set is close to the preset termination condition based on the residual evaluation value, 0<η<1 can be used.

[0164] In some embodiments, the step of repeating the iterative optimization steps until the new generation of candidate solutions reaches a preset termination condition based on the residual evaluation value to obtain the target candidate solution set includes:

[0165] For the new generation of candidate solution set, the candidate solution corresponding to the maximum residual evaluation value and the candidate solution corresponding to the minimum residual evaluation value are determined by calculating the residual evaluation value of each candidate solution, and the Euclidean distance between the candidate solution with the maximum residual evaluation value and the candidate solution with the minimum residual evaluation value is calculated.

[0166] When the difference between the maximum residual evaluation value and the minimum residual evaluation value is less than the preset residual evaluation convergence threshold, or when the product of the difference between the maximum residual evaluation value and the minimum residual evaluation value and the Euclidean distance is less than the preset source parameter space convergence threshold, the iterative optimization step ends and the new generation of candidate solution set is taken as the target candidate solution set; otherwise, the iterative optimization step continues to be repeated.

[0167] It is understandable that the preset residual evaluation convergence threshold can be determined comprehensively based on the P-wave arrival time extraction accuracy and the number of measurement points. The preset explosion source parameter spatial convergence threshold can be determined comprehensively based on the positioning accuracy requirements and residual convergence requirements.

[0168] In some embodiments, the step of identifying misfires by determining the expected spatial locations of all target blast sources and thus locating the blast source includes:

[0169] The expected spatial locations of all target blast sources are matched and compared with the spatial locations of all designed blast holes. Design blast holes with mismatched spatial locations are identified as blind blasts, and design blast holes with matched spatial locations are identified as non-blind blasts. The spatial location of the design blast hole corresponding to the non-blind blast is determined as the actual spatial location of the matching target blast source, thus obtaining the location of the blast source.

[0170] For example, the step of matching and comparing the expected spatial locations of all target blast sources with the spatial locations of all designed blast holes, identifying blast holes whose spatial locations do not match as misfires, and identifying blast holes whose spatial locations match as non-misfires, includes:

[0171] Each of the designed blast holes is compared with each of the target blast sources. If the Euclidean distance between the coordinates of the designed blast hole and the coordinates of all target blast sources is greater than a preset distance tolerance threshold, the designed blast hole is determined to be a blind shot; otherwise, the designed blast hole is determined to be a non-blind shot.

[0172] Step 140: Construct a spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each blast source, and determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation by combining the wave velocity reduction value.

[0173] Understandably, by constructing a spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass with a localized blast source and combining it with a comprehensive analysis of wave velocity reduction values, it is possible to reflect the spatial propagation characteristics of blasting vibration energy in the rock mass and characterize the degree of damage to the internal structure of the rock mass, thereby achieving accurate and rapid determination of the area and degree of rock mass damage caused by the localized blast source.

[0174] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each location blast source, and combining it with wave velocity reduction values ​​to determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation, includes:

[0175] Based on the PPV value set of each localized blast source, a comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV is constructed;

[0176] Using the spatial comprehensive distribution field of PPV in the rock mass and combined with the wave velocity reduction value, the rock mass damage area caused by the blasting operation is determined through a rock mass damage model; and the degree of rock mass damage is quantitatively characterized by the wave velocity reduction value; the rock mass damage model is expressed as:

[0177] ;

[0178] In the formula: The wave velocity reduction quantization value is Location of the source of the explosion b' The approximate equivalent radius of the rock mass damage centered on the explosion source is the area of ​​rock mass damage caused by the explosion source. α The attenuation coefficient of blasting vibration in the target rock mass area; The equivalent spatial distance from the centroid of the blasting operation area to the target spatial location within the target rock mass area; This represents the spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass. The wave velocity reduction value of the target rock mass region is The minimum PPV value required at that time.

[0179] It is understood that, through the aforementioned rock mass damage model, the rock mass damage area centered on the localized blast source corresponding to a specific degree of damage (i.e., damage level) can be quickly obtained. The degree of rock mass damage is quantitatively characterized by the wave velocity reduction value; for example, the wave velocity reduction value is represented by the wave velocity decrease rate. ≤5% is defined as minor injury, 5% < ≤15% is considered moderate injury. >15% is considered severe damage. Using the aforementioned rock mass damage model, PPV value and wave velocity reduction value are employed. The degree of damage to the rock mass in the blasting vibration field caused by the blasting source can be quickly assessed. The centroid of the blasting operation area can be defined as the geometric center of the area where all the blasting sources are located.

[0180] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of P-wave arrival time extraction and blind shot identification at each measuring point provided in the embodiments of this application. Please refer to... Figure 3 Understanding blast seismic wave signals, P-wave arrival time, and PPV values ​​is crucial. PPV (Peak Particle Velocity) refers to the peak particle velocity. It is extracted from the blast seismic wave signals at each measuring point and used to quantify the maximum velocity of particle vibration at that point. The point with the largest amplitude in the blast seismic wave signal typically corresponds to the PPV value. When multiple blast sources detonate, the blast seismic wave signals collected at each measuring point contain multiple consecutive signal segments. Each signal segment corresponds to one blast source, and each signal segment includes the P-wave arrival time and the PPV value appearing in subsequent waveforms. Furthermore, in the set of PPV values ​​for the target blast source, each PPV value is associated with a corresponding P-wave arrival time and measuring point information, and each PPV value is a measured PPV value. The measuring point information includes at least one of the following: measuring point identification information and measuring point spatial location information. In this embodiment of the application, the measurement point associated with the PPV value refers to the measurement point that records the PPV value; the P-wave arrival time associated with the PPV value refers to the PPV value and P-wave arrival time of the same explosion source recorded at the same measurement point.

[0181] It is understood that wave velocity reduction refers to the phenomenon where the propagation speed of vibration waves decreases due to damage or deterioration of the rock mass. A larger wave velocity reduction indicates more severe rock mass damage. In this embodiment, the vibration wave carrying the wave velocity reduction is a P-wave. The quantified value of wave velocity reduction can be the wave velocity reduction amplitude or the wave velocity reduction value. The wave velocity reduction amplitude can be the wave velocity reduction rate or the wave velocity reduction amount. The wave velocity reduction value can be the residual wave velocity ratio, for example, the residual wave velocity ratio is the ratio of the vibration wave velocity after rock mass damage to the vibration wave velocity before rock mass damage. In the rock mass, when the peak particle velocity (PPV) of the vibration wave exceeds the damage threshold of the rock mass, a larger PPV value indicates a greater degree of particle motion in the rock mass caused by the vibration wave, resulting in more severe rock mass damage; this degree of damage can be quantitatively characterized by the wave velocity reduction quantified value. Therefore, the wave velocity reduction quantified value is used to quantitatively describe the degree of wave velocity reduction and simultaneously characterize the degree of damage to the rock mass.

[0182] Understandable, The wave velocity reduction value of the target rock mass region is The minimum PPV value required at that time. Parameter Related to the properties and degree of rock mass damage, this can be obtained through calibration. The degree of rock mass damage is expressed as a value based on wave velocity reduction. Characterization.

[0183] It is understandable that α is the blasting vibration attenuation coefficient, reflecting the attenuation rate of blasting seismic waves propagating in rock mass. Its value is related to the characteristics of the rock mass medium (such as lithology, degree of joint development, geological structure, etc.), and determines how quickly the vibration intensity attenuates with increasing distance. The larger the α value, the faster the vibration attenuates; the smaller the α value, the farther the vibration propagates and the slower it attenuates.

[0184] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the PPV value set of the locating blast source includes: for each P-wave arrival time in the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event corresponding to the locating blast source, combining the blasting seismic wave signal of the corresponding measuring point, determining a time window with the P-wave arrival time as a reference, and calculating the PPV value of the corresponding measuring point within the time window to obtain the PPV value set of the locating blast source.

[0185] In this embodiment, the P-wave arrival time data set corresponding to the blasting event of the located blasting source is the same as the P-wave arrival time data set corresponding to the target blasting source located in the same spatial position as the located blasting source. It can be understood that obtaining the PPV value essentially involves calculating the peak velocity within a time window. Even if the P-wave arrival time is corrected, the time window determined based on the corrected P-wave arrival time still covers both the P-wave arrival time and the main vibration phase. Therefore, the PPV value set of the located blasting source can also be obtained using the corrected P-wave arrival time data set corresponding to the located blasting source.

[0186] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the set of PPV values ​​for locating the explosion source includes:

[0187] By using the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event corresponding to the blasting source, and the blasting seismic wave signals of all measuring points, the set of PPV values ​​of the blasting source is obtained.

[0188] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the PPV value set of the location blast source using the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event corresponding to the location blast source and the blasting seismic wave signals of all measuring points includes:

[0189] In the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event that locates the blast source, the PPV value is extracted for each P-wave arrival time. This P-wave arrival time is called the first P-wave arrival time, and the measuring point that records the P-wave arrival time is called the first measuring point. Among the blasting seismic wave signals of all measuring points, the blasting seismic wave signal of the first measuring point is determined, and the signal segment corresponding to the first P-wave arrival time is determined from the blasting seismic wave signal. The PPV value is extracted based on the signal segment and used as the PPV value corresponding to the first P-wave arrival time.

[0190] Based on the PPV values ​​corresponding to the arrival times of all P waves in the P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event, a set of PPV values ​​for locating the blast source is obtained.

[0191] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a spatially integrated PPV distribution field of the rock mass based on the PPV value set of each location blast source includes:

[0192] For each localized blast source, a theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model is constructed based on the spatial location of the localized blast source. The theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model is then corrected using the set of PPV values ​​of the localized blast source to obtain the rock mass PPV spatial distribution field of the localized blast source.

[0193] Based on the spatial distribution field of PPV of the rock mass for all the localized blast sources, the comprehensive spatial distribution field of PPV of the rock mass is obtained.

[0194] It is understood that the theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model for the located blast source refers to the distribution of the theoretical peak particle vibration velocity at various spatial points within a spatial region centered on the spatial location of the located blast source. This model is constructed based on the fundamental law of blasting vibration attenuation with distance, and in this model, the greater the distance between the spatial point and the located blast source, the smaller the theoretical PPV value of that spatial point. A spatial point refers to a spatial location. The comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV refers to the comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV caused by the blasting operation.

[0195] For example, the theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model for locating the blast source is expressed as follows:

[0196] ;

[0197] In the formula: To locate the source of the explosion b' The theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model, through It can obtain and locate the source of the explosion. b' Distance is The PPV value of the target spatial location; b' This indicates the location of the source of the explosion; k 1 、k 2 、α、β These are all empirical coefficients related to the site conditions and rock mass medium of the target rock mass area. Specifically, k 1 represents the site coefficient for flat terrain. k 2 represents the influence coefficient of convex landform. α This is the blasting vibration attenuation coefficient. β Elevation difference influence coefficient; Q The amount of explosive charge in the designed borehole corresponding to the location of the blast source; For the target spatial location point and the location of the explosion source b' Spatial distance; Target spatial location and localization of the explosion source b' The difference in elevation.

[0198] In some embodiments, the step of modifying the spatial distribution model of the theoretical rock mass PPV value of the located blast source using the PPV value set of the located blast source to obtain the spatial distribution field of the rock mass PPV value of the located blast source includes:

[0199] Based on the set of PPV values ​​of the local blast source, the PPV values ​​at each measuring point corresponding to the local blast source are extracted, which are the measured PPV values; based on the spatial distribution model of the theoretical rock mass PPV values ​​of the local blast source, the theoretical PPV values ​​at each measuring point are extracted.

[0200] Calculate the difference between the measured PPV value and the theoretical PPV value at each measuring point to obtain the PPV difference at each measuring point; take the average value of the PPV difference at each measuring point to obtain the spatial distribution residual of the rock mass PPV value corresponding to the location blast source;

[0201] The spatial distribution model of the theoretical rock mass PPV value of the location blast source and the spatial distribution residual of the rock mass PPV value corresponding to the location blast source are superimposed and fused to obtain the spatial distribution field of the rock mass PPV value of the location blast source.

[0202] For example, the spatial distribution field of the PPV value of the rock mass at the location of the blast source is expressed as:

[0203] ;

[0204] In the formula: The spatial distribution field of PPV values ​​of the rock mass at the location of the blast source, i.e., the location of the blast source. b' Corresponding rock mass PPV Continuous distribution field in value space; In order to locate the source of the explosion b' Distance is The theoretical PPV value at measurement point i; To locate the source of the explosion b' Corresponding rock mass PPV Value space distribution residual. The location of the explosion source. b' Corresponding rock mass PPV Value space distribution residual The expression is:

[0205] ;

[0206] In the formula: The difference between the measured PPV value and the theoretical PPV value at measuring point i; N g To record the total number of measuring points at the arrival time of P-wave in the data set for the g-th blasting event, g =1, 2,…, G, G The total number of data sets for the arrival of P-waves in multiple blasting events used to identify and locate misfires; N g ≤ M, M The total number of measuring points in the target rock mass area; measuring points i This is one of the measurement points used to record the arrival time of the P-wave in the data set of the g-th blasting event, where i = 1, 2, ... N g .

[0207] The difference between the measured PPV value and the theoretical PPV value at measuring point i is... The expression is:

[0208] ;

[0209] In the formula: In order to locate the source of the explosion b' Distance is The measured PPV value at measuring point i; In order to locate the source of the explosion b' Distance is The theoretical PPV value at measurement point i. The source of the explosion can be located b' Obtain the set of PPV values. The source of the explosion can be located b' The theoretical rock mass PPV spatial distribution model.

[0210] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV based on the spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV of all located blast sources includes:

[0211] ;

[0212] In the formula: This represents the spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass. To locate the source of the explosion b' The spatial distribution field of PPV values ​​of the rock mass; B' is the number of all the location blasting sources in the blasting operation, b'=1, 2, …, B'; b' is the b'th location blasting source in the blasting operation, abbreviated as location blasting source b'.

[0213] In this embodiment, when all the positioning blasting sources in the blasting operation are used for hole-by-hole blasting, all positioning blasting sources are... b' The distribution field with the maximum PPV value at each spatial location in the spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV is taken as the comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV; the expression for the comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV is:

[0214] ;

[0215] In the formula: This represents the spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass. To locate the source of the explosion b' Spatial distribution field of PPV values ​​of rock mass.

[0216] When all the blasting sources in the aforementioned blasting operation are detonated simultaneously, all blasting sources will be detonated simultaneously. b' The PPV values ​​at each spatial location in the spatial distribution field of the rock mass PPV are taken as the L2 norm, and used as the corresponding spatial location PPV values ​​to obtain the comprehensive spatial distribution field of the rock mass PPV. The expression for the comprehensive spatial distribution field of the rock mass PPV is:

[0217] ;

[0218] In the formula: This represents the spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass. To locate the source of the explosion b' The spatial distribution field of PPV values ​​of the rock mass; B' is the number of all the location blasting sources in the blasting operation, b'=1, 2, …, B'; b' is the b'th location blasting source in the blasting operation, abbreviated as location blasting source b'.

[0219] Step 150: Based on the blind blast identification results and the damage area and extent of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation, the blasting effect evaluation results are obtained.

[0220] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the blasting effect evaluation result based on the blind blasting identification result and the damage area and extent of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation includes:

[0221] Based on the results of misfire identification, the number and location distribution of misfires are statistically analyzed, and the construction error of the design borehole corresponding to the misfire is analyzed as evaluation information of the misfire effect.

[0222] Based on the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation, it is determined whether the rock mass damage exceeds the preset design allowable threshold and the excess amplitude is determined as damage effect evaluation information.

[0223] By combining the blind blast effect evaluation information and the damage effect evaluation information, the blasting effect evaluation result is obtained.

[0224] It is understandable that the design borehole construction errors corresponding to the blind blasting include borehole position error, borehole depth error, borehole diameter error, charge quantity error, plugging length error, borehole inclination angle error, and borehole azimuth angle error.

[0225] The evaluation results of the blasting effect of this blasting will be used to optimize the design and execution of the next blasting.

[0226] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This diagram illustrates an application scenario of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in this application. The method provided in this application is used to evaluate the blasting effect in tunnel drilling and blasting excavation projects and open-pit mine blasting projects.

[0227] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting effect evaluation system based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 5 The system may include a blasting seismic wave signal acquisition module 501, a blasting event P-wave arrival time data acquisition module 502, a target blasting source location and blind blast identification module 503, a rock mass damage determination module 504, and a blasting effect evaluation module 505. Among them:

[0228] The blasting seismic wave signal acquisition module 501 is used to acquire blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations by using multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references deployed in the target rock mass area.

[0229] The P-wave arrival time data acquisition module 502 for blasting events is used to: extract the P-wave arrival time based on the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources collected from the multiple measuring points, and obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; process the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blasting source.

[0230] The target blast source localization and blind blast identification module 503 is used to: based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data groups of blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, refer to the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event as the target blast source, and determine the expected spatial location of all target blast sources; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, identify blind blasts, and determine the actual spatial location of the target blast source to obtain the localized blast source.

[0231] The rock mass damage determination module 504 is used to: construct a comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV based on the PPV value set of each blasting source, and combine it with the wave velocity reduction value to determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation.

[0232] The blasting effect evaluation module 505 is used to obtain the blasting effect evaluation result based on the blind blasting identification result and the damage area and degree of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation.

[0233] In practical applications, the above system can be a terminal device or a chip applied to a terminal device. In this application, the system can implement the functions of multiple units through software, hardware, or a combination of both, enabling the system to execute the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, the technical effects of each technical solution of this system can be referenced to the technical effects of the corresponding technical solutions in the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference; these will not be elaborated upon further in this application.

[0234] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0235] Based on the hardware implementation of each unit in the above system, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device 600 includes a memory 610 and a processor 620. The memory 610 stores a computer program, and the processor 620 executes the computer program to implement the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0236] Of course, in practical applications, such as Figure 6 As shown, the various components in the electronic device 600 are coupled together via a bus system 630. It is understood that the bus system 630 is used to enable communication between these components. In addition to a data bus, the bus system 630 also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity, all buses are labeled as bus system 630 in the figure.

[0237] In practical applications, the aforementioned processor can be at least one of the following: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, and microprocessor. It is understood that, for different devices, the electronic devices used to implement the functions of the aforementioned processor can also be other types, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0238] The aforementioned memory can be volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM); or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD); or a combination of the above types of memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor.

[0239] The electronic devices described in this application embodiment can be terminal devices or chips applied to terminal devices. The terminal devices described in this application embodiment can be various electronic devices with data processing capabilities, including but not limited to personal computers (PCs), laptops, tablets, smartphones, and smart wearable devices (such as smartwatches).

[0240] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory including a computer program, which can be executed by a processor of an electronic device to perform the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0241] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any one of the embodiments of this application.

[0242] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the electronic device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the electronic device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0243] This application also provides a computer program.

[0244] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the electronic device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the electronic device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0245] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, data such as user information are involved. When the embodiments of this application are applied to specific products or technologies, user permission or consent is required, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0246] It should be understood that the terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The expressions “having,” “may have,” “comprising,” and “including,” or “may include” and “may contain” used herein may be used to indicate the presence of a corresponding feature (e.g., an element such as a number, function, operation, or component), but do not exclude the presence of additional features.

[0247] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. For example, without departing from the scope of this invention, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information.

[0248] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0249] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods, systems, and devices can be implemented in other ways. The embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0250] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0251] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0252] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating blasting effects based on a high-precision spatiotemporal reference using GNSS, characterized in that, include: By deploying multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references in the target rock mass area, the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources in the blasting operation are obtained. Based on the blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources collected from the multiple measuring points, the P-wave arrival time is extracted to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; the P-wave arrival time datasets from all measuring points are processed to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blasting source. Based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data set is referred to as the target blast source through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, and the expected spatial location of all target blast sources is determined; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, misfires are identified, and the actual spatial location of the target blast source is determined, thereby obtaining the localized blast source; A spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV is constructed using the PPV value set based on each blast source, and the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation are determined by combining the wave velocity reduction value. Based on the blind blasting identification results and the damage area and extent of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation, the blasting effect evaluation results are obtained.

2. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of extracting P-wave arrival times from the blasting seismic wave signals collected from multiple blast sources at multiple measuring points to obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point includes: The blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blast sources collected at the multiple measuring points are purified and preprocessed to obtain the preprocessed blasting seismic wave signals from each measuring point. In the preprocessed blasting seismic wave signals at each measuring point, the analysis time window signal of each blast source is selected. The analysis time window signal includes a background noise segment and an effective signal segment. Based on the analysis time window signal, the arrival time of the P wave is obtained; Based on the P-wave arrival times of each measuring point and all explosion sources, a P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point is obtained.

3. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of processing the P-wave arrival time datasets from all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data corresponding to the same blast source includes: Among all the data channels corresponding to all measurement points, the data channel with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the P-wave signal is selected as the reference measurement point channel; For each of all measuring points, the maximum propagation time window for that measuring point is determined based on the distance between that measuring point and the farthest blast source, and the minimum P-wave velocity in the target rock mass area. Using the P-wave arrival time of the reference measuring point channel as the time reference, and utilizing the maximum propagation time window, the P-wave arrival times in the P-wave arrival time dataset of all measuring points are grouped to obtain multiple groups of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source.

4. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, After processing the P-wave arrival time datasets from all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data corresponding to the same blast source, the method further includes: For each P-wave arrival time data set of a blasting event, abnormal P-wave arrival times are identified through propagation consistency constraints and multi-point consistency judgment. By correcting the arrival time of the abnormal P-wave, the corrected P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event is obtained.

5. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the expected spatial locations of all target blast sources by iteratively searching blast source parameters based on residual evaluation of multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, and designating the blast sources corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data sets as target blast sources, includes: Each of the multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events is sequentially identified as the current P-wave arrival time data set, and the following steps are performed on the current P-wave arrival time data set: Based on the P-wave arrival time data of the current blasting event, a set of blast source parameters containing the predicted spatial location and initiation time of the blast source is constructed. This set of blast source parameters is then used to generate an initial candidate solution set in the blast source parameter space. Iterative optimization steps: The initial candidate solution set or the next-generation candidate solution set is used as the current candidate solution set. For each candidate solution in the current candidate solution set, using the candidate solution and the current P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event, the residual evaluation value of the candidate solution based on the P-wave arrival time is obtained. The residual evaluation value is used to quantify the degree of matching between the predicted blast source corresponding to the candidate solution and the target blast source corresponding to the current P-wave arrival time data set of the blasting event. The current candidate solution set is updated using the residual evaluation values ​​of each candidate solution to obtain the next-generation candidate solution set. Repeat the iterative optimization steps until the new generation of candidate solution sets reaches the preset termination condition based on the residual evaluation value, and obtain the target candidate solution set; determine the spatial location of the candidate solution with the smallest residual evaluation value in the target candidate solution set as the expected spatial location of the target explosion source; By following the steps described above, the expected spatial locations of all target explosion sources are determined.

6. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The step of identifying misfires by determining the expected spatial locations of all target explosion sources and thus locating the explosion source includes: The expected spatial locations of all target blast sources are matched and compared with the spatial locations of all designed blast holes. Design blast holes with mismatched spatial locations are identified as blind blasts, and design blast holes with matched spatial locations are identified as non-blind blasts. The spatial location of the design blast hole corresponding to the non-blind blast is determined as the actual spatial location of the matching target blast source, thus obtaining the location of the blast source.

7. The method for evaluating the blasting effect according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The step of constructing a spatial comprehensive distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each location blast source, and determining the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation by combining the wave velocity reduction value, includes: Based on the PPV value set of each localized blast source, a comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV is constructed; Using the spatial comprehensive distribution field of PPV in the rock mass and combined with the wave velocity reduction value, the rock mass damage area caused by the blasting operation is determined through a rock mass damage model; and the degree of rock mass damage is quantitatively characterized by the wave velocity reduction value; the rock mass damage model is expressed as: ； In the formula: The wave velocity reduction quantization value is Location of the source of the explosion b' The approximate equivalent radius of the rock mass damage centered on the explosion source is the area of ​​rock mass damage caused by the explosion source. α The attenuation coefficient of blasting vibration in the target rock mass area; The equivalent spatial distance from the centroid of the blasting operation area to the target spatial location within the target rock mass area; This represents the spatial distribution field of PPV in the rock mass. The wave velocity reduction value of the target rock mass region is The minimum PPV value required at that time.

8. A blasting effect evaluation system based on a high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal reference, characterized in that, include: The blasting seismic wave signal acquisition module is used to acquire blasting seismic wave signals from multiple blasting sources during blasting operations by using multiple measuring points with high-precision GNSS spatiotemporal references deployed in the target rock mass area. The P-wave arrival time data acquisition module for blasting events is used to: extract the P-wave arrival time based on the blasting seismic wave signals of multiple blasting sources collected from the multiple measuring points, and obtain the P-wave arrival time dataset for each measuring point; process the P-wave arrival time datasets of all measuring points to obtain multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data for blasting events corresponding to the same blasting source. The target blast source localization and blind blast identification module is used to: based on multiple sets of P-wave arrival time data groups of blasting events corresponding to the same blast source, through iterative search of blast source parameters based on residual evaluation, identify the blast source corresponding to the P-wave arrival time data group of the blasting event as the target blast source, determine the expected spatial location of all target blast sources; through the expected spatial location of all target blast sources, identify blind blasts, and determine the actual spatial location of the target blast source to obtain the localized blast source; The rock mass damage determination module is used to: construct a comprehensive spatial distribution field of rock mass PPV using the PPV value set based on each location blast source, and combine it with the wave velocity reduction value to determine the area and extent of rock mass damage caused by the blasting operation; The blasting effect evaluation module is used to obtain blasting effect evaluation results based on the blind blasting identification results and the damage area and degree of the rock mass caused by the blasting operation.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the blasting effect evaluation method based on a GNSS high-precision spatiotemporal reference provided in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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