Method for monitoring and controlling vibration sinking cylinder body of steel cylinder

Abstract

The invention provides a steel cylinder vibration sinking cylinder body monitoring control method, and belongs to the technical field of monitoring control, and the method comprises the steps: 1, building a monitoring system for steel cylinder vibration sinking test monitoring; 2, data acquisition and monitoring processing are carried out on steel cylinder test vibration sinking monitoring; 3, dynamic stress data processing is conducted on steel cylinder test vibration sinking monitoring; and 4, vibration acceleration data processing is carried out for steel cylinder test vibration sinking monitoring. Through cooperative monitoring of multiple parameters such as cylinder top settlement displacement, cylinder body deformation, dynamic stress and vibration acceleration in the vibration sinking process of the steel cylinder, a sensor installation and protection scheme is optimized, the accuracy and real-time performance of data acquisition are improved, accurate control over vibration sinking construction of the steel cylinder is achieved, and engineering construction safety, quality and progress are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of monitoring and control technology, specifically relating to a monitoring and control method for the vibratory sinking of a steel cylinder. Background Technology

[0002] In port, coastal, and near-shore engineering construction, steel cylindrical structures are widely used as the core structure of hydraulic structures such as dikes, wharves, and breakwaters due to their advantages such as fast construction speed, minimal impact on the surrounding environment, and good structural stability. The dike construction project in Shengsi Port Area, involving land reclamation and foundation treatment, utilized a steel cylindrical core structure. This structure was created through dike construction, land excavation, and land reclamation, resulting in a land area of ​​approximately 1.24 million m² created by land reclamation and approximately 60,000 m² created by land excavation. In this project, the steel cylinders had a diameter of 22 meters, with cylinder T2 reaching a total height of 53 meters and cylinder T123 reaching a total height of 44 meters. The cylinders were assembled from upper and lower sections. Vibration sinking was achieved using 12 large hydraulic vibratory hammers operating in tandem, with a vibration force reaching 57,960 kN.

[0003] However, the vibratory sinking of steel cylinders faces numerous technical challenges. On the one hand, the geological conditions of the construction area are complex, with various soil and rock layers, including Holocene (Q4) gray silty soil, Late Pleistocene (Q3) gray-green and gray-yellow cohesive soil, gray silty soil, and gravelly cohesive soil. The physical and mechanical properties of these different soil and rock layers vary greatly, posing a significant challenge to the vibratory sinking of steel cylinders and potentially causing problems such as attitude deviation, cylinder deformation, and stress concentration during the sinking process. On the other hand, the steel cylinders are large and heavy, and during the sinking process, they are subjected to multiple forces, including the excitation force of the vibratory hammer, soil resistance, and their own weight. Their dynamic and static responses are complex, and if the sinking status of the steel cylinders cannot be monitored in real time and accurately, it can easily lead to construction safety accidents, affecting project quality and construction progress.

[0004] Currently, existing steel cylinder vibration settlement monitoring technologies have several shortcomings. In terms of monitoring content, they often focus on monitoring single physical quantities, lacking coordinated monitoring of multiple parameters such as cylinder deformation, dynamic stress, and vibration acceleration, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the vibration settlement state of the steel cylinder. Regarding sensor installation and protection, due to the special structure of the steel cylinder and the harsh construction environment, sensor installation is difficult, cable connections are susceptible to seawater corrosion and vibration impacts leading to malfunctions, and inadequate sensor protection measures can easily result in data loss or distortion. In terms of data acquisition and processing, the data acquisition frequency and accuracy are insufficient, and there is a lack of effective real-time data analysis and digital presentation methods, making it impossible to provide accurate and reliable data support for construction decisions in a timely manner, and hindering precise control of steel cylinder vibration settlement construction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can comprehensively, in real-time, and accurately monitor the vibration settlement state of steel cylinders and achieve effective control to ensure the safety and quality of engineering construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring and control method for vibratory sinking of steel cylinders. By coordinating the monitoring of multiple parameters such as the settlement displacement of the cylinder top, the deformation of the cylinder body, the dynamic stress, and the vibration acceleration during the vibratory sinking process of the steel cylinder, the sensor installation and protection scheme is optimized to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of data acquisition, thereby achieving precise control of the vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders and ensuring the safety, quality, and progress of the project construction.

[0006] The present invention employs the following technical solution.

[0007] A method for monitoring and controlling the vibration settling of a steel cylinder includes:

[0008] Step 1: Build a monitoring system for the vibration and settlement monitoring of steel cylinders;

[0009] Step 2: Data acquisition and monitoring processing for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0010] Step 3: Process dynamic stress data for the vibration and settling monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0011] Step 4: Process the vibration acceleration data for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, step 1 includes:

[0013] Step 1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the vibration and settling of the steel cylinder.

[0014] Steps 1-2: Install and protect the sensors for monitoring the vibration and sinking of the steel cylinder.

[0015] Preferably, step 1-1 includes:

[0016] Step 1-1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the settlement displacement at the top of the cylinder;

[0017] Step 1-1-2: Arrange sensors for monitoring cylinder deformation;

[0018] Step 1-1-3: Sensor arrangement for dynamic stress monitoring;

[0019] Step 1-1-4: Arrange sensors for vibration acceleration monitoring.

[0020] Preferably, step 1-1-1 includes:

[0021] Settlement displacement monitoring markers are arranged on the inner and outer tops of the steel cylinders, with four markers on each cylinder, one on the sea-land side and one on the north and south sides, respectively, to monitor the settlement and horizontal displacement of the cylinder tops during the vibration and settling process.

[0022] Preferably, step 1-1-2 includes:

[0023] A clinometer tube is arranged at the center of the inner side of the steel cylinder, with the bottom of the clinometer tube extending to the bottom of the steel cylinder and the top of the clinometer tube extending to 1.5 meters below the top of the steel cylinder. A fixed clinometer sensor is arranged approximately every meter in the clinometer tube.

[0024] Preferably, step 1-1-3 includes:

[0025] Three strain gauge sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the land side of the steel cylinder, with an angle of approximately 30° between two adjacent sensors. An additional strain gauge sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the sea side of the steel cylinder. The strain gauge sensors are arranged at 4.0m intervals along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and reinforcing ribs, the strain gauge sensors are moved down 50cm.

[0026] Preferably, step 1-1-4 includes:

[0027] One set of vibration acceleration sensors is arranged on the land side of the steel cylinder, and one set of strain gauge sensors is in the same protective groove. The acceleration sensors and strain gauge sensors are installed alternately, with a spacing of 30 cm between them. The strain gauge sensors are on top and the vibration acceleration sensors are on the bottom. They are arranged at a spacing of 4.0 m along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and transverse reinforcing ribs, they are moved down 50 cm.

[0028] Preferably, steps 1-2 include:

[0029] Inclinometer tube installation: After the on-site layout, start installing the inclinometer tube from the bottom of the cylinder. The bottom of the lowest section of the inclinometer tube is sharpened and reinforced with a 16mm thick steel plate. Weld angle steel, protective pipe and bolts from bottom to top. Fix the upper section of the inclinometer tube with clamps and fix it with structural adhesive in the steel pipe of the protective part. The lower section of the inclinometer tube is first limited. After the upper and lower sections are assembled, tighten the clamps and fix it with structural adhesive after they are joined. The installation is completed after the adhesive is poured into the steel pipe of the embedded part at the bottom of the cylinder and solidifies.

[0030] Strain gauge installation: Weld the strain gauge base, protective box, M20 bolts, and protective 10# angle steel. Weld a soil removal shoe at the bottom of the measuring column and a steel pipe with a sealed bottom at the top of the measuring column of the lower section. After installing the strain gauge, apply adhesive, install the protective box cover, and wait 24 hours for curing. Straighten the cable of the lower section to the vicinity of the top and fix it. Straighten the cable of the upper section to the top hook and fix the upper cable of the sensor of the lower section together. Fix it section by section along the top transverse rib to the cable outlet hole of the cylinder wall. After splicing the upper and lower cylinders, connect the cable of the lower section to the reserved cable of the upper section, put it into the pre-embedded steel pipe, apply adhesive to seal it, and weld the groove cover plate at the connection.

[0031] Accelerometer sensor installation: Installed together with the strain gauge sensor in the same protective slot, using the same installation method as the strain gauge sensor;

[0032] Cable protection: Each sensor wire is wrapped with asbestos cloth, and angle steel guide grooves are welded on both sides to prevent the wire from being broken; the lead wire is fixed in a position that does not obstruct passage and is led out using pipe clamps; the area where the wire passes through the steel cylinder wall and the turning point of the wiring are wrapped with 4mm thick rubber sheet and then tied tightly for protection; when connecting the upper and lower section cables, the completed joint is placed in the pre-embedded cylinder near the top of the lower section and sealed with sealant; when the cable is led out from the inner wall of the cylinder, all cable strands at the outlet are wrapped with 4mm thick shock-absorbing rubber sheet, with a wrapping length of not less than 1 meter, and the cable is tied and fixed to the hook at the outlet on the outer wall of the cylinder and fixed by steel wire rope traction.

[0033] Preferably, step 2 includes:

[0034] Step 2-1: Collect data for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0035] Step 2-2: Conduct monitoring and processing for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

[0036] Preferably, step 2-1 includes:

[0037] Factory testing: After the sensors on each segment plate are installed, after the upper and lower segments of the cylinder are spliced, and after the entire installation is completed, data is collected once to ensure that the sensor installation and wiring are working properly.

[0038] Shipping phase: Before shipping, inspect the cables, communicate with the shipping company, and send a dedicated person to the site with the shipping vessel to ensure that the cables are not damaged during the shipping process;

[0039] Vibration sinking preparation stage: After the steel cylinder arrives at the vibration sinking point, the cable is untied and pulled to the test vessel. The cable is then connected to the corresponding data acquisition instrument, which is preheated for 30 minutes in advance.

[0040] Data collection during the vibratory sinking process: The vibratory sinking process is divided into three test sections: suspended in water, sinking under its own weight, and sinking under vibration. Real-time data collection is carried out throughout the process to record test environmental factors and obtain the vibratory sinking construction status.

[0041] Preferably, step 2-2 includes:

[0042] Cylinder deformation data processing: Using the bottom of the cylinder as the reference point, the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom are calculated at each moment. During hovering, the inclination values ​​obtained from sensor data and the cylinder top settlement displacement observation system are verified and set as the reference value. Subsequent data are all subtracted from this reference value. Data is refreshed every 30 seconds, presenting the attitude of the steel cylinder's survey plane and displaying the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom. When the data reaches abnormal values, i.e., the inclination and inclination value exceed the preset inclination threshold and inclination value threshold respectively, it is highlighted in red. The inclination calculation formula is: In the formula, The inclination of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. This is the horizontal offset of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. This is the height of the steel cylinder.

[0043] Preferably, step 3 includes:

[0044] The dynamic strain value at each measuring point is converted into dynamic stress using the following formula: In the formula, For dynamic stress, The elastic modulus of steel, The dynamic strain value ( The effective value of dynamic stress is calculated in 30-second time units. The measured dynamic stress is linearly converted to the dynamic stress at various points on the cylinder body. The display of the effective value of dynamic stress at each measuring point is refreshed every 30 seconds.

[0045] Preferably, step 4 includes:

[0046] The effective acceleration value of each measuring point is calculated in 30-second time units, and Fourier transform is performed to obtain the first, second, and third order frequencies within 30 seconds. Taking the first sensor at the top as the reference, the excitation force ratio of each measuring point relative to the reference is calculated and converted to various parts of the cylinder. The effective acceleration value and the first, second, and third order vibration frequencies are refreshed every 30 seconds.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art:

[0048] Comprehensive monitoring: This invention enables coordinated monitoring of multiple parameters, such as the settlement displacement of the top of the steel cylinder, the deformation of the cylinder body, dynamic stress, and vibration acceleration, during the vibration and settling process of the steel cylinder. It can comprehensively and systematically reflect the vibration and settling state of the steel cylinder, making up for the shortcomings of existing monitoring technologies that only monitor single parameters, and providing rich and comprehensive data support for construction decisions.

[0049] Data accuracy and reliability: By optimizing sensor selection and choosing high-precision, high-stability sensor equipment, combined with a scientific and reasonable sensor installation and protection scheme, the impact of factors such as seawater erosion and vibration shock on sensors and cables is effectively avoided, reducing the loss and distortion of monitoring data and improving the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition. At the same time, the use of high-frequency data acquisition methods and scientific data processing methods ensures that the monitoring data can truly and accurately reflect the dynamic and static mechanical response of the steel cylinder.

[0050] Real-time performance and visualization: This invention enables real-time acquisition, processing, and digital presentation of monitoring data, refreshing the data every 30 seconds. It can provide construction personnel with timely information on the vibration and settling status of the steel cylinder. Abnormal data is highlighted in red, making it easier for construction personnel to quickly identify problems and take corresponding measures. By plotting various change curves, the monitoring data is visualized, allowing construction personnel to intuitively grasp the changing trends during the vibration and settling process of the steel cylinder, thus improving the timeliness and scientific nature of construction decisions.

[0051] Construction control precision: Based on clear construction control standards and a complete abnormality handling process, the vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders can be precisely controlled, effectively avoiding construction safety accidents caused by problems such as steel cylinder posture deviation, excessive stress, and abnormal vibration frequency. This ensures the quality and progress of the vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders and reduces the risks and costs of engineering construction.

[0052] Practicality and scalability: This invention is specifically designed for the dike construction, land formation and foundation treatment, and hydraulic engineering projects in Shengsi Port Area. It is highly targeted and practical. Its technical solutions for monitoring system construction, data acquisition and processing, and construction control can be adjusted and optimized according to the steel cylinder size, geological conditions, and construction technology of different projects. It is applicable to the monitoring and control of vibration settlement construction of various hydraulic structures using steel cylinder structures and has broad application value. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steel cylinder vibration sinking cylinder monitoring and control method in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a method for monitoring and controlling the vibration settling of a steel cylinder, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Build a monitoring system for the vibration and settlement monitoring of steel cylinders;

[0057] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1 includes:

[0058] Step 1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the vibration and settling of the steel cylinder.

[0059] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1 includes:

[0060] Step 1-1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the settlement displacement at the top of the cylinder;

[0061] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1-1 includes:

[0062] Settlement displacement monitoring markers are arranged on the inner and outer tops of the steel cylinders, with four markers on each cylinder, one on the sea-land side and one on the north and south sides, respectively, to monitor the settlement and horizontal displacement of the cylinder tops during the vibration and settling process.

[0063] Step 1-1-2: Arrange sensors for monitoring cylinder deformation;

[0064] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1-2 includes:

[0065] A clinometer tube is arranged at the center of the inner side of the steel cylinder, with the bottom of the clinometer tube extending to the bottom of the steel cylinder and the top of the clinometer tube extending to 1.5 meters below the top of the steel cylinder. A fixed clinometer sensor is arranged approximately every meter in the clinometer tube, with a total of 50 sensors arranged in cylinder T2 and 42 sensors arranged in cylinder T123, to monitor the tilting deformation of the cylinder body.

[0066] Step 1-1-3: Sensor arrangement for dynamic stress monitoring;

[0067] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1-3 includes:

[0068] Three strain gauge sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the land side of the steel cylinder, with an angle of approximately 30° between two adjacent rows. An additional strain gauge sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the sea side of the steel cylinder. The strain gauge sensors are arranged at 4.0m intervals along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and reinforcing ribs, the strain gauge sensors are moved down 50cm. For example, a total of 52 strain gauge sensors are arranged on cylinder T2 and a total of 33 strain gauge sensors are arranged on cylinder T123, which are used to monitor the dynamic stress distribution of the cylinder body.

[0069] Step 1-1-4: Arrange sensors for vibration acceleration monitoring.

[0070] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1-4 includes:

[0071] One set of vibration acceleration sensors is arranged on the land side of the steel cylinder, and one set of strain gauge sensors is placed in the same protective groove. The acceleration sensors and strain gauge sensors are installed alternately, with a spacing of 30 cm between them. The strain gauge sensors are on top and the vibration acceleration sensors are on the bottom. They are arranged at a spacing of 4.0 m along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and transverse reinforcing ribs, they are moved down 50 cm. For example, a total of 13 vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on cylinder T2 and a total of 11 vibration acceleration sensors are arranged on cylinder T123 to monitor the vibration acceleration response of the cylinder body.

[0072] Sensor selection:

[0073] The fixed inclinometer uses the flexible inclinometer (SCI-RF1800) manufactured by SCI (Shenzhen) Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. It has a 3-axis (xyz) acquisition direction, a 485 serial port output for communication, a range of ±90°, strong waterproof capability, and can work by being submerged in water for a long time.

[0074] The strain gauge selected is the Jiangsu Taist Electronics TZT230 tool strain gauge with a measurement range of ±2000. Sensitivity approximately 500 / mv / v, protection level IP65, suitable for construction environment requirements.

[0075] The dynamic and static resistance strain gauge selected is the TZT3826H manufactured by Jiangsu Taist Electronics. It has 60 measurement points and channels, and the continuous sampling frequency can reach 200Hz / channel. The system indication error is no more than 0.5% ±3με, ensuring the accuracy of dynamic stress data acquisition.

[0076] The acceleration sensor selected is the TZT-IE112V manufactured by Jiangsu Taist Electronics, with a sensitivity of 100mV / g, a measurement range of ±50gpk, and a frequency response range of 1~5kHz (±5%), which meets the requirements for vibration acceleration monitoring.

[0077] The dynamic signal test and analyzer uses the TST5912 manufactured by Jiangsu Taist Electronics, with 16 measurement points (which can be cascaded), a continuous sampling frequency of 256kHz / channel, and a maximum analysis bandwidth of DC~100kHz, ensuring accurate acquisition and analysis of vibration acceleration data.

[0078] Steps 1-2: Install and protect the sensors for monitoring the vibration and sinking of the steel cylinder.

[0079] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 1-2 include:

[0080] Inclinometer tube installation: After the on-site layout, start installing the inclinometer tube from the bottom of the cylinder. The bottom of the lowest section of the inclinometer tube is sharpened and reinforced with a 16mm thick steel plate. Weld angle steel, protective pipe and bolts from bottom to top. Fix the upper section of the inclinometer tube with clamps and fix it with structural adhesive in the steel pipe of the protective part. The lower section of the inclinometer tube is first limited. After the upper and lower sections are assembled, tighten the clamps and fix it with structural adhesive after they are joined. The installation is completed after the adhesive is poured into the steel pipe of the embedded part at the bottom of the cylinder and solidifies.

[0081] Strain gauge installation: Weld the strain gauge base, protective box, M20 bolts, and protective 10# angle steel. Weld a soil removal shoe at the bottom of the measuring column and a steel pipe with a sealed bottom at the top of the measuring column of the lower section. After installing the strain gauge, apply adhesive, install the protective box cover, and wait 24 hours for curing. Straighten the cable of the lower section to the vicinity of the top and fix it. Straighten the cable of the upper section to the top hook and fix the upper cable of the sensor of the lower section together. Fix it section by section along the top transverse rib to the cable outlet hole of the cylinder wall. After splicing the upper and lower cylinders, connect the cable of the lower section to the reserved cable of the upper section, put it into the pre-embedded steel pipe, apply adhesive to seal it, and weld the groove cover plate at the connection.

[0082] Accelerometer sensor installation: Install it together with the strain gauge sensor in the same protective slot. The installation method is the same as that for the strain gauge sensor. Ensure that the installation is secure and the position is accurate.

[0083] Cable protection: Each sensor wire is wrapped with asbestos cloth, and angle steel guide grooves are welded on both sides to prevent the wire from being broken; the lead wire is fixed in a position that does not obstruct passage and is led out using pipe clamps; at the area where the wire passes through the steel cylinder wall and at the junction of the wiring, the wire is wrapped with a 4mm thick rubber sheet and then tied tightly for protection; when connecting the upper and lower segmented cables, the completed joint is placed in the pre-embedded cylinder near the top of the lower segment and sealed with sealant; when the cable is led out from the inner wall of the cylinder, all cable strands at the outlet are wrapped with a 4mm thick shock-absorbing rubber sheet, with a wrapping length of not less than 1 meter, and at the cable outlet on the outer wall of the cylinder, the cable is tied and fixed to the hook, and then pulled and fixed by steel wire rope to reduce the impact of vibration on the cable.

[0084] Step 2: Data acquisition and monitoring processing for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0085] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2 includes:

[0086] Step 2-1: Collect data for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0087] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-1 includes:

[0088] Factory testing: After the sensors on each segment plate are installed, after the upper and lower segments of the cylinder are spliced, and after the entire installation is completed, data is collected once to ensure that the sensor installation and wiring are working properly.

[0089] Shipping phase: Before shipping, inspect the cables, communicate with the shipping company, and send a dedicated person to the site with the shipping vessel to ensure that the cables are not damaged during the shipping process;

[0090] Vibration sinking preparation stage: After the steel cylinder arrives at the vibration sinking point, the cable is untied and pulled to the test vessel. The cable is then connected to the corresponding data acquisition instrument, which is preheated for 30 minutes in advance.

[0091] Data collection during the vibratory sinking process: The vibratory sinking process is divided into three test sections: suspended in water, sinking under its own weight, and sinking under vibration. Real-time data collection is carried out throughout the process to record test environmental factors and obtain the vibratory sinking construction status in a timely manner.

[0092] Step 2-2: Conduct monitoring and processing for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

[0093] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-2 includes:

[0094] Cylinder Deformation Data Processing: Using the bottom of the cylinder as the reference point, calculate the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom at each moment. When hovering, verify the inclination value obtained from the sensor data and the cylinder top settlement displacement observation system and set it as the reference value. Subsequent data are all subtracted from this reference value. The data is refreshed every 30 seconds, presenting the attitude of the steel cylinder's survey plane and displaying the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom. When the data reaches abnormal values, i.e., the inclination and inclination value exceed the preset inclination threshold and inclination value threshold respectively (the inclination threshold and inclination value threshold can be set according to specific requirements), they are highlighted in red. The inclination calculation formula is: In the formula, The inclination (rad) of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. This is the horizontal offset (m) between the top of the cylinder and the bottom of the cylinder. The height of the steel cylinder is (m).

[0095] In step 2-2, the method of calculating the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder at each moment, and verifying the inclination obtained by the sensor data and the cylinder top settlement displacement observation system during hovering and setting it as the reference value, includes:

[0096] This method is applicable to various cylindrical structures (towers, concrete silos, steel frames, etc.). Using the fixed base point at the bottom of the cylinder as the origin of the spatial coordinates, it achieves real-time data acquisition by sensors and synchronous monitoring by the settlement displacement observation system at the top of the cylinder, realizing the calculation of the relative tilt / tilt value of the top of the cylinder at all times. Furthermore, during the structure suspension (static / stable operation) phase, the dual-system data is verified and the benchmark value is calibrated to ensure the accuracy, consistency and traceability of tilt monitoring.

[0097] Core principles: unification of spatial coordinates, standardization of benchmark calibration, mutual calibration of dual-system data, all calculations take the bottom base point as the absolute reference to eliminate external coordinate system errors, the inclination is expressed using the engineering-standard angle / slope, and the inclination value is expressed using spatial displacement.

[0098] I. Basic Preparations: Coordinate System Establishment and Measurement Point Arrangement

[0099] 1.1 Establishment of a spatial rectangular coordinate system (core: the bottom of the cylinder is the origin):

[0100] With the geometric center O of the bottom of the cylinder as the origin of the spatial coordinate system (0,0,0), establish a right-handed rectangular coordinate system O-XYZ, satisfying:

[0101] Z-axis: Upward along the vertical centerline of the cylindrical structure design, perpendicular to the bottom plane of the cylinder, serving as the theoretical vertical reference for the structure;

[0102] X-axis / Y-axis: Within the horizontal reference plane at the bottom of the cylinder, they are perpendicular to each other, selected in directions that are easily identifiable in the project (such as downwind / crosswind, axis direction / perpendicular axis direction), and consistent with the direction of the measuring points of the settlement displacement observation system at the top of the cylinder.

[0103] Requirements: The base point O at the bottom of the cylinder is a permanent fixed measuring point. It should be marked with embedded parts / marking. Once the coordinates are solidified, it should not be changed and should be protected against settlement and offset.

[0104] 1.2 Key measuring point layout:

[0105] (1) Bottom base point: 1:

[0106] That is, the coordinate origin O(0,0,0) is used to place static reference sensors (such as high-precision tilt sensors or displacement reference modules) for coordinate calibration only and does not participate in real-time data acquisition.

[0107] (2) Measuring points at the top of the cylinder: at least 3 (non-collinear):

[0108] Measuring points are arranged at the vertices of the geometric circle / rectangle of the horizontal section at the top of the cylinder. , , (Uniform distribution is recommended, such as a spacing of 120°), while also satisfying:

[0109] Each measuring point is synchronously equipped with real-time monitoring sensors (tilt sensor + acceleration sensor + displacement sensor, aligned with the coordinate system of the bottom of the cylinder).

[0110] All measuring points are incorporated into the settlement and displacement observation system at the top of the cylinder (such as total station, GNSS, laser displacement meter, and hydrostatic leveling system) to achieve real-time acquisition of spatial coordinates;

[0111] (3) Auxiliary requirements:

[0112] The vertical design height H from all measuring points at the top of the cylinder to the base point O at the bottom of the cylinder is a known fixed value (structural design parameter). If the structure has a variable diameter, the actual vertical height at the measuring points is taken. , , Calculate separately.

[0113] II. Definition of core parameters:

[0114] Top tilt value: The offset of a measuring point at the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom base point in the horizontal X and Y directions ( , and spatial composite offset = Unit: mm (commonly used in engineering) / m;

[0115] Cylinder top inclination: Both the angle inclination and the slope inclination are deviations from the vertical reference (Z-axis) of the cylinder bottom.

[0116] Angular tilt The angle of deviation of the line connecting the measuring point at the top of the cylinder and the base point at the bottom of the cylinder relative to the Z-axis, in degrees (°) / minutes (′) / rad (radians).

[0117] Slope and Inclination This is a general engineering term, representing the ratio of horizontal offset to vertical height. = , dimensionless (commonly expressed as ‰ or %);

[0118] Hovering state: The structure is free from external load disturbance, vibration / displacement changes, and stable operation. The sensor / observation system data remains stable for 5-10 minutes without fluctuation (fluctuation value ≤ system accuracy threshold). This is the only valid state for benchmark calibration.

[0119] Reference value: The reference value of the cylinder top inclination determined after dual-system verification in the hovering state. / and tilt value benchmark value , , All subsequent tilt data represent changes relative to the baseline value.

[0120] III. Calculation method for the inclination / inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder at each moment:

[0121] 3.1 Data Acquisition (Synchronous Real-time):

[0122] Using any time t as the calculation node, two sets of data are collected synchronously to ensure that the timestamps are consistent (error ≤ 100ms):

[0123] Sensor data acquisition: measuring points at the top of the cylinder , , Real-time spatial coordinates ( , , ), ( , , ), ( , , );

[0124] Data from the settlement displacement monitoring system at the top of the cylinder: Spatial coordinates of the same measuring point at the top of the cylinder were re-measured, and the results were obtained. ( , , ), ( , , ), ( , , );

[0125] Note: The Z-axis coordinate is the actual height of the measuring point relative to the bottom of the cylinder, which is used to correct for height changes caused by structural settlement. If the settlement is negligible, the design height H is taken.

[0126] 3.2 Calculation of average coordinates of measuring points at the top of the cylinder (eliminating measuring point errors):

[0127] Because the top of the cylinder is a rigid / semi-rigid structure, the inclination of each measuring point is consistent. A weighted average is taken from the coordinates acquired by the dual systems (the weights of the sensor and observation system are set according to accuracy, such as 0.6 for the high-precision observation system and 0.4 for the sensor), to obtain the equivalent center point of the top of the cylinder at time t. The spatial coordinates of **are used as the sole basis for tilt calculation:

[0128] ;

[0129] in: =Sensor data weighting, =Settlement displacement observation system data weights, and + =1; , , The coordinates are the real-time coordinates of the equivalent center point at the top of the cylinder relative to the origin O at the bottom of the cylinder.

[0130] 3.3 Calculation of the inclination value of the cylinder top:

[0131] Using the origin O(0,0,0) at the bottom of the cylinder as a reference, the equivalent center point at the top of the cylinder... The horizontal offset is the tilt value, which is divided into directional offset and spatial composite offset:

[0132] X-direction tilt value: Δ = -0= ;

[0133] Y-direction tilt value: Δ = -0= ;

[0134] Spatial composite tilt value: = ;

[0135] Results explanation: If Δ / Δ A positive value indicates that the measuring point has shifted in the positive direction of the X / Y axis; a negative value indicates that it has shifted in the negative direction. This represents the total horizontal offset, reflecting the overall tilt of the cylinder top.

[0136] 3.4 Calculation of cylinder top inclination:

[0137] Based on the tilt value and the actual vertical height Calculate the angular inclination and the slope inclination separately (either can be selected according to the requirements in engineering, but it is recommended to calculate them simultaneously to achieve complementarity):

[0138] (1) Angular tilt (direction-specific + composite):

[0139] X-direction angular tilt: =arctan( );

[0140] Y-direction angular tilt: =arctan( );

[0141] Spatial composite angle tilt: =arctan( ).

[0142] (2) Slope and inclination (divided by direction + composite, applicable to engineering):

[0143] X-direction slope inclination: ;

[0144] Y-direction slope and inclination: ;

[0145] Spatial composite slope inclination: ;

[0146] Results Explanation: When the slope inclination is expressed in ‰, it represents "the number of horizontal offsets in mm corresponding to every 1000 mm of vertical height". For example, ‰ means that for every 1000 mm increase in height of the top of the cylinder, the horizontal offset relative to the bottom of the cylinder is 2 mm.

[0147] IV. Methods for verifying and calibrating reference values ​​while hovering:

[0148] The hovering state is a prerequisite for benchmark calibration. The hovering state must be determined first, followed by a two-way verification between sensor data and data from the top settlement displacement observation system to eliminate system errors and determine the benchmark value. All subsequent tilt data represent changes relative to this benchmark value (i.e.,...). - , - wait).

[0149] 4.1 Criteria for determining hovering status:

[0150] The following conditions must be met simultaneously for the structure to be considered in a hovering (stable) state before the baseline value verification can be initiated:

[0151] Structural working state: No external loads (such as wind loads, dynamic loads), no operational actions, in a static / unloaded stable operating state;

[0152] Data stability: The fluctuation value of continuous data from the sensor and settlement displacement monitoring system for 5-10 minutes is ≤ the system's own accuracy threshold (e.g., sensor tilt angle fluctuation ≤ 0.01°, displacement fluctuation ≤ 0.1mm).

[0153] Environmental conditions: No strong winds, earthquakes, sudden temperature changes or other disturbing environmental factors, and avoid temporary tilting caused by the environment;

[0154] System status: Both the sensor and the settlement displacement monitoring system are in normal working condition, with no faults or data loss, and have completed zero-point calibration and accuracy self-check.

[0155] 4.2 Dual-system data acquisition and preprocessing:

[0156] During the determined hovering period (denoted as...) arrive +ΔT, ΔT≥5min), synchronously acquire full data from the sensor and settlement displacement monitoring system at a frequency of 1~5s / time, and complete 2-step preprocessing:

[0157] Outlier removal: The 3σ criterion is used to remove outliers that exceed the mean ± 3 standard deviations of the data, retaining valid data;

[0158] Time series averaging: The arithmetic mean of all data after removing outliers is taken over time to obtain the average coordinates of the equivalent center points of the cylinder tops of the two systems in the hovering state.

[0159] Sensor system: P 0,sen (X 0,sen Y 0,sen Z 0,sen );

[0160] Settlement displacement monitoring system: P 0,obs (X 0,obs ,Y 0,obs Z 0,obs );

[0161] 4.3 Dual-system data consistency verification:

[0162] Core objective: Verify whether the deviation between the sensor data and the settlement displacement monitoring system data is within the allowable error range (determined by engineering accuracy requirements, such as displacement deviation ≤ 0.5 mm, tilt angle deviation ≤ 0.02°). If the deviation exceeds the standard, the system fault needs to be investigated and the data re-acquired. If the deviation is acceptable, the weighted average value is taken as the reference coordinate.

[0163] (1) Deviation calculation:

[0164] X-direction displacement deviation: ΔX err =∣X 0,sen -X 0,obs |;

[0165] Y-direction displacement deviation: ΔY err =∣Y 0,sen -Y 0,obs |;

[0166] Z-direction height deviation: ΔZ err =∣Z 0,sen -Z 0,obs |;

[0167] Composite angular deviation: = ;

[0168] (2) Verification and judgment:

[0169] If ΔX err ≤δx、ΔY err ≤δy、ΔZ err ≤δz、 If the values ​​are ≤δθ (δx, δy, δz, and δθ represent permissible engineering errors), then the data from both systems are considered consistent, and the verification passes; otherwise, the verification fails, and further investigation is required.

[0170] Sensor zero drift and installation deviation;

[0171] Total station / GNSS alignment error and laser obstruction in the settlement displacement monitoring system;

[0172] Issues such as loose measuring points and temporary structural deformation were investigated. After the investigation was completed, the hovering status was reassessed and data was collected again.

[0173] 4.4 Baseline value calibration (after verification):

[0174] Using the weighted average coordinates after dual-system preprocessing as the reference coordinates P0(X0,Y0,Z0) of the equivalent center point of the top of the cylinder in the hovering state, the inclination reference value and the inclination angle reference value are calibrated according to the calculation method in 3.3~3.4, and used as the zero point reference for all subsequent monitoring.

[0175] Step 3: Process dynamic stress data for the vibration and settling monitoring of the steel cylinder;

[0176] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3 includes:

[0177] The dynamic strain value at each measuring point is converted into dynamic stress. The elastic modulus of steel is taken as 206 GPa. The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, The dynamic stress is expressed in MPa. The elastic modulus of steel (GPa). The dynamic strain value ( The effective value of dynamic stress is calculated in 30-second time units. The measured dynamic stress is linearly converted to the dynamic stress at various points on the cylinder body. The effective value of dynamic stress at each measuring point is refreshed every 30 seconds. The dynamic stress change curve along the vertical direction of the cylinder body is plotted in real time. When the data reaches an abnormal value, it is highlighted in red.

[0178] Step 4: Process the vibration acceleration data for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

[0179] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3 includes:

[0180] The effective acceleration values ​​at each measuring point are calculated using a 30-second time unit, and Fourier transforms are performed to determine the first, second, and third frequencies within 30 seconds. Using the first sensor at the top as a reference, the excitation force ratio of each measuring point relative to the reference is calculated and converted to values ​​at various points on the cylinder body. The display of effective acceleration values, first, second, and third vibration frequencies is refreshed every 30 seconds. Curves showing the excitation force ratio variation, effective acceleration value, and first-order dominant frequency along the vertical direction of the cylinder body are plotted in real time. Abnormal data values ​​are highlighted in red. The formula for calculating the excitation force ratio is: = In the formula, For the first The ratio of the excitation force at each measuring point relative to the reference. Let be the effective value of the acceleration at the i-th measuring point (m / s²). This is the effective value of acceleration (m / s²) of the first sensor at the top (reference point).

[0181] The steel cylinder vibration settling monitoring and control method of the present invention also includes construction control standards and anomaly handling as follows:

[0182] 1. Construction control standards:

[0183] Permissible verticality deviation: 1.0%, that is, the cumulative change in inclination measurement of T2 cylinder does not exceed 424mm, and the cumulative change in inclination measurement of T123 cylinder does not exceed 352mm.

[0184] Dynamic stress control standard: The effective value of the stress at the top shall not exceed 75 MPa, and the effective value of the stress at other locations shall not exceed 60 MPa.

[0185] Vibration frequency control standard: The vibration frequency should be consistent with the output frequency of the vibratory hammer. When the output power of the vibratory hammer remains basically unchanged, the measured vibration frequency deviation should not exceed 2 times.

[0186] Permissible deviation in planar position: ±350mm.

[0187] Permissible deviation of mortise and tenon plane torsion angle: ±2°.

[0188] 2. Exception handling:

[0189] When the verticality of the steel cylinder is detected to be greater than 0.8% (the cumulative change in inclination of cylinder T2 reaches 424mm, and the cumulative change in inclination of cylinder T123 reaches 352mm), the relevant unit shall be notified immediately, and continuous observation shall be carried out. Construction parameters such as the excitation force of the vibratory hammer and the settlement rate shall be adjusted according to the actual situation. If necessary, the settlement construction shall be stopped and corrective measures shall be taken.

[0190] When the effective stress value at the top is found to be greater than 75 MPa, or the effective stress value at other locations is found to be greater than 60 MPa, the relevant units should be notified in a timely manner to analyze the cause and adjust the construction plan, such as reducing the excitation force of the vibratory hammer and optimizing the vibration sequence, so as to avoid damage to the cylinder due to excessive stress.

[0191] When a significant change in the vibration frequency mode is detected (the vibration frequency deviates from the output frequency of the vibratory hammer, or the output power of the vibratory hammer remains basically unchanged but the measured vibration frequency deviates by more than 2 times), especially when vibratory sinking is difficult, the situation should be reported to the relevant units immediately, continuous monitoring should be carried out, and factors such as changes in geological conditions and the working status of the vibratory hammer should be investigated. Corresponding measures should be taken to ensure the smooth progress of vibratory sinking construction.

[0192] A specific embodiment of the present invention is shown below:

[0193] (I) Project Overview:

[0194] This embodiment is applied to the dike construction project of a storage and transportation base. The project is located in the MJS operation area of ​​the port, west of MJS Island, and involves land reclamation through dike construction, mountain excavation, and land reclamation. T2 cylinder on the west dike and T123 cylinder on the east dike were selected as typical test cylinders. T2 cylinder has a total height of 53 meters, and T123 cylinder has a total height of 44 meters. The steel cylinder diameter is 22 meters, and the cylinder wall thickness is 16 mm. The cylinder body is assembled from upper and lower sections, and 12 large hydraulic vibratory hammers were used for coordinated vibration and sinking. The geological conditions of the construction area are complex, with various soil and rock layers, as described in the background section.

[0195] (II) Construction and Implementation of the Monitoring System:

[0196] 1. Sensor deployment and implementation:

[0197] Installation of settlement displacement monitoring markers on the top of the cylinders: Four settlement displacement monitoring markers are arranged on the top of the inner and outer sides of cylinders T2 and T123 respectively. The positioning and installation are strictly in accordance with the requirement of one on the sea-land side and one on the north and south sides to ensure that the monitoring markers are installed firmly, flat and tightly attached to the top surface of the cylinder, so as to avoid the monitoring markers from loosening or shifting due to vibration.

[0198] Installation of inclinometer tube and fixed inclinometer:

[0199] For the T2 cylinder, the inclinometer tube is manufactured to a length of 53 meters (from bottom to bottom of the cylinder and from top to 1.5 meters below the top of the cylinder), with one SCI-RF1800 fixed inclinometer sensor per meter, for a total of 50 sensors. After on-site layout, the inclinometer tube is installed starting from the bottom of the cylinder. The bottom of the lowest embedded part is sharpened and reinforced with a 16mm thick steel plate. Angle steel, protective pipe, and bolts are welded sequentially from bottom to top. The upper section of the inclinometer tube is fixed with clamps, and structural adhesive is injected into the steel pipe of the protective part for fixation. Fixed inclinometers that cannot be included in the upper section of the inclinometer tube are fixed with hemp rope at a position 1m above the bottom of the upper section. Their test cables are led out from the inclinometer tube opening along with other acquisition cables through a hole drilled in the cylinder wall. The lower section of the inclinometer tube is first limited, the clamps are not tightened, and no structural adhesive is applied. When assembling the upper and lower sections, first insert the fixed inclinometer that is not included in the upper section inclinometer tube into the lower section inclinometer tube. Then connect the lower section inclinometer tube with the upper section inclinometer tube. Next, tighten the lower section inclinometer tube clamp and apply structural adhesive for fixation. Finally, inject adhesive into the steel pipe embedded at the bottom of the tube. After the adhesive has solidified, the installation is complete.

[0200] The T123 cylinder inclinometer tube is manufactured to a length of 44 meters and is equipped with 42 fixed inclinometer sensors. The installation steps are the same as those for the T2 cylinder.

[0201] Dynamic stress sensor installation:

[0202] T2 cylinder: Three measuring columns are arranged on the landside inner wall, with an included angle of approximately 30°, and one measuring column is arranged on the seaside, for a total of four measuring columns. TZT230 strain gauge sensors are arranged at 4.0m intervals along the depth direction of the cylinder, shifting down 50cm at the locations of transverse ribs and reinforcing ribs, for a total of 52 sensors. First, weld the strain gauge base, protective box, M20 bolts, and protective 10# angle steel. Weld a soil removal shoe at the bottom of the measuring column and a steel pipe with a sealed bottom at the top of the measuring column of the lower cylinder. Then install the strain gauges, apply adhesive, install the protective box cover, and wait 24 hours for curing. The cables of the lower cylinder are pulled to the vicinity of the top and fixed, and the cables of the upper cylinder are pulled to the top hook and fixed together with the upper cable of the lower cylinder sensor. They are fixed section by section along the top transverse rib to the cable outlet hole on the cylinder wall. After the upper and lower cylinders are spliced, the cables of the lower cylinder are connected to the reserved cables of the upper cylinder, placed in the pre-embedded steel pipe, sealed with adhesive, and the groove cover plate at the connection is welded.

[0203] T123 cylinder: Three measuring columns are arranged on the inner wall of the land side, with an included angle of about 30°, for a total of 3 measuring columns, and 33 TZT230 strain gauge sensors are arranged. The installation steps are the same as those for T2 cylinder.

[0204] Vibration acceleration sensor installation:

[0205] T2 cylinder: One measuring line is arranged on the land side, in the same protective groove as a dynamic strain measuring line. Accelerometers and dynamic strain sensors are installed alternately at a spacing of 30cm, with dynamic strain on top and acceleration on the bottom. TZT-IE112V type accelerometers are arranged at a spacing of 4.0m along the depth direction of the cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and transverse reinforcing ribs, they are moved down 50cm. There are a total of 13 sensors, and the installation method is the same as that of the dynamic strain sensors.

[0206] T123 cylinder: 11 TZT-IE112V type accelerometers are installed, and the installation steps are the same as those for T2 cylinder.

[0207] Cable protection measures: Sensor wires are tightly wrapped with asbestos cloth, and angle steel guide grooves are welded to both sides to prevent breakage during construction; lead wires are fixed in positions that do not obstruct construction passage and are evenly routed using pipe clamps; at the areas where wires pass through the steel cylinder wall and at wiring transitions, the wires are wrapped with 4mm thick rubber sheets and then secured with cable ties for protection; when connecting upper and lower segmented cables, the completed joints are placed into the pre-embedded cylinder near the top of the lower segment and sealed with sealant to ensure a tight seal; when cables exit from the inner wall of the cylinder, all cable strands at the outlet are wrapped with 4mm thick shock-absorbing rubber sheets. The cable length should be no less than 1 meter. At the cable exit point on the outer wall of the tube, the cable should be bundled and fixed to the hook. It should be secured by a 1cm thick steel wire rope. The end of the steel wire rope should be fastened to the hook with a buckle to prevent slippage. The cable should be securely tied to the steel wire rope. First, fix the buckle on the steel wire rope, then fix the cable to the buckle. Then, tie the steel wire rope and cable tightly with cable ties. Finally, after tying the steel wire rope and cable together, pull it to a position 1 meter above the connection between the upper and lower sections (27 meters below the top of the tube for T2 tubes, and 18 meters below the top of the tube for T123 tubes) and fix it to the hook. When the upper and lower sections are closed, untie the cable and pull the cable to a position 1 meter above the bottom of the tube.

[0208] 2. Data Acquisition Equipment Installation: Install the TZT3826H dynamic and static resistance strain gauge and the TST5912 dynamic signal test and analyzer on the test vessel, ensuring the instruments are installed stably and securely to prevent the vessel's movement from affecting their operation. Connect the sensor cables to the data acquisition instrument according to the instrument's operating instructions, checking that the wiring connections are correct and secure, ensuring there are no loose connections, short circuits, or other problems.

[0209] (III) Data Collection and Processing Implementation:

[0210] 1. Factory testing implementation: After the sensors are installed on each segment plate, start the data acquisition instrument to collect data and check whether each sensor is working properly and whether the data transmission is stable; after the upper and lower segments of the cylinder are spliced, collect data again to verify whether the sensor wiring is normal; after all installations are completed, perform a third data acquisition to ensure that each sensor and data transmission system are working properly.

[0211] 2. Implementation during the shipping phase: Before shipping, arrange for a dedicated person to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the cables to confirm that the cables are undamaged and the connections are not loose. After confirming that the cables are undamaged and the connections are not loose, communicate with the shipping unit to clarify the cable protection requirements. Send a dedicated person to accompany the shipping vessel to the site to supervise the entire shipping process and ensure that the cables are not touched during the shipping process. At the same time, focus on checking the fixation and protection of the cables near the bottom of the drum.

[0212] 3. Implementation of the Vibration Sinking Preparation Stage: After the steel cylinder arrives at the vibration sinking point, the onboard personnel immediately proceed to the location of the steel cylinder. Once the cylinder's limiting position is released, the cable is quickly untied, and the wire rope is pulled to the test vessel. The cable is then tied to the winch on the test vessel, and a designated person is assigned to monitor the winch. When the steel cylinder begins to sink under its own weight or during vibration sinking, or when the distance between the steel cylinder and the test vessel changes, the winch is promptly turned to reel in or release the cable, while simultaneously releasing the restraints on the upper section of the wire rope and cable. After the cable reaches the test vessel, the data acquisition personnel immediately connect the cable to the corresponding data acquisition instrument according to the categories such as strain, acceleration, and inclination measurement. The data acquisition instrument is preheated for 30 minutes, during which the instrument's working status is checked to ensure normal operation.

[0213] 4. Data Acquisition Implementation During Vibration Sinking: After confirming that all instruments and equipment are working properly, the data acquisition personnel record environmental factors (such as wind speed, wave height, water temperature, etc.) and start the data acquisition program. Each subgroup of the test team reports its working status to the test team commander. After the test team commander confirms the status of each subgroup, he contacts relevant construction personnel to obtain the vibration sinking construction status in a timely manner and reports that the test team has completed its preparations. The data acquisition team technician reports the initial status of each test data. After the construction unit starts the vibration sinking construction, real-time data acquisition is carried out throughout the entire process according to three test sections: suspended in water, sinking under its own weight, and vibratory sinking.

[0214] 5. Data processing and digital presentation implementation:

[0215] Cylinder deformation data processing: Using the bottom of the cylinder as the reference point, the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder are calculated at each moment using a formula based on the collected data from the fixed inclinometer. During the hovering phase, the inclination obtained from the sensor data and the cylinder top settlement displacement observation system is checked and set as the reference value. All subsequent data are subtracted from this reference value. On a dedicated computer for digitizing the collected data, the attitude of the steel cylinder survey plane is displayed at a refresh frequency of once every 30 seconds, showing the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. When the data reaches the verticality anomaly value (the cumulative change of the inclination measurement of cylinder T2 reaches 424mm, and the cumulative change of the inclination measurement of cylinder T123 reaches 352mm), the data is highlighted in red.

[0216] Dynamic stress data processing: The dynamic strain value of each measuring point is converted into dynamic stress using a formula (the elastic modulus of steel is taken as 206 GPa). The effective value of dynamic stress is calculated with a time unit of 30 seconds. The measured dynamic stress is linearly converted to the dynamic stress at various points in the cylinder. The effective value of dynamic stress at each measuring point is displayed at a refresh frequency of once every 30 seconds. The dynamic stress change curve along the vertical direction of the cylinder is plotted in real time. When the data reaches the stress anomaly value (the effective value of the top stress is greater than 75 MPa, or the effective value of the stress at other locations is greater than 60 MPa), the data is highlighted in red.

[0217] Vibration acceleration data processing: The effective acceleration value of each measuring point is calculated in 30-second time units, and Fourier transform is performed to obtain the first, second, and third order frequencies within 30 seconds; taking the first sensor at the top as the reference, the excitation force ratio of each measuring point relative to the reference is calculated using formulas and converted to various parts of the cylinder; the effective acceleration value, first, second, and third order vibration frequencies are displayed at a refresh frequency of once every 30 seconds, and the excitation force ratio change curve, effective acceleration value curve, and first order dominant frequency value curve along the vertical direction of the cylinder are plotted in real time. When the data reaches the abnormal vibration frequency value (vibration frequency deviates from the output frequency of the vibrating hammer, or the vibration frequency deviates by more than 2 times while the output power of the vibrating hammer remains basically unchanged), the data is highlighted in red.

[0218] (iv) Implementation of construction control:

[0219] During the vibratory sinking process, designated personnel will monitor the digitally presented monitoring data in real time. If the following abnormalities occur, they will be handled according to the corresponding procedures:

[0220] When the verticality of the steel cylinder is detected to be greater than 0.8% (the cumulative change in inclination of cylinder T2 reaches 424mm, and the cumulative change in inclination of cylinder T123 reaches 352mm), the situation should be immediately reported to the test team and the construction unit. The trend of the steel cylinder tilt should be continuously observed. The construction unit should adjust the excitation force distribution of the vibratory hammer according to the actual situation, reduce the excitation force in the tilt direction, or adjust the vibration and sinking rate. If necessary, the vibration and sinking construction should be stopped, and ballast, pulling and other correction measures should be adopted. Construction can continue after the verticality of the steel cylinder is restored to the allowable range.

[0221] When the effective stress value at the top is found to be greater than 75 MPa, or the effective stress value at other locations is found to be greater than 60 MPa, the data acquisition team technicians immediately report to the test team commander. The test team commander organizes technical personnel to analyze the cause of the stress exceeding the limit. If it is caused by excessive excitation force, the construction unit reduces the excitation force of the vibratory hammer; if it is caused by changes in geological conditions leading to increased soil resistance, the vibration and settling sequence is optimized, and methods such as segmented vibration and settling and intermittent vibration and settling are adopted to avoid plastic deformation or cracking of the cylinder due to excessive stress.

[0222] When significant changes in vibration frequency modes are detected, especially when vibration settling is difficult, report to the test team and construction unit in a timely manner. Continuously monitor the changes in vibration frequency and investigate factors such as changes in geological conditions (e.g., encountering hard soil or rock layers) and the working condition of the vibratory hammer (e.g., individual vibratory hammer malfunctions). If the problem is caused by geological conditions, pre-drilling or blasting to loosen the soil can be used to treat the soil. If the problem is caused by a malfunction of the vibratory hammer, repair or replace the faulty vibratory hammer in a timely manner to ensure the smooth progress of vibration settling.

[0223] Meanwhile, throughout the entire vibratory sinking process, the planar position, verticality, and tenon-groove plane twist angle of the steel cylinder were strictly controlled to ensure they met the allowable deviation requirements (planar position ±350mm, verticality 1.0%, tenon-groove plane twist angle ±2°). After construction, the monitoring data were comprehensively analyzed to summarize the vibratory sinking patterns of the steel cylinder, providing a reference for subsequent large-scale vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders.

[0224] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art:

[0225] Comprehensive monitoring: This invention enables coordinated monitoring of multiple parameters, such as the settlement displacement of the top of the steel cylinder, the deformation of the cylinder body, dynamic stress, and vibration acceleration, during the vibration and settling process of the steel cylinder. It can comprehensively and systematically reflect the vibration and settling state of the steel cylinder, making up for the shortcomings of existing monitoring technologies that only monitor single parameters, and providing rich and comprehensive data support for construction decisions.

[0226] Data accuracy and reliability: By optimizing sensor selection and choosing high-precision, high-stability sensor equipment, combined with a scientific and reasonable sensor installation and protection scheme, the impact of factors such as seawater erosion and vibration shock on sensors and cables is effectively avoided, reducing the loss and distortion of monitoring data and improving the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition. At the same time, the use of high-frequency data acquisition methods and scientific data processing methods ensures that the monitoring data can truly and accurately reflect the dynamic and static mechanical response of the steel cylinder.

[0227] Real-time performance and visualization: This invention enables real-time acquisition, processing, and digital presentation of monitoring data, refreshing the data every 30 seconds. It can provide construction personnel with timely information on the vibration and settling status of the steel cylinder. Abnormal data is highlighted in red, making it easier for construction personnel to quickly identify problems and take corresponding measures. By plotting various change curves, the monitoring data is visualized, allowing construction personnel to intuitively grasp the changing trends during the vibration and settling process of the steel cylinder, thus improving the timeliness and scientific nature of construction decisions.

[0228] Construction control precision: Based on clear construction control standards and a complete abnormality handling process, the vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders can be precisely controlled, effectively avoiding construction safety accidents caused by problems such as steel cylinder posture deviation, excessive stress, and abnormal vibration frequency. This ensures the quality and progress of the vibratory sinking construction of steel cylinders and reduces the risks and costs of engineering construction.

[0229] Practicality and scalability: This invention is specifically designed for the dike construction, land formation and foundation treatment, and hydraulic engineering projects in Shengsi Port Area. It is highly targeted and practical. Its technical solutions for monitoring system construction, data acquisition and processing, and construction control can be adjusted and optimized according to the steel cylinder size, geological conditions, and construction technology of different projects. It is applicable to the monitoring and control of vibration settlement construction of various hydraulic structures using steel cylinder structures and has broad application value.

[0230] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Build a monitoring system for the vibration and settlement monitoring of steel cylinders; Step 2: Data acquisition and monitoring processing for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder; Step 3: Process dynamic stress data for the vibration and settling monitoring of the steel cylinder; Step 4: Process the vibration acceleration data for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

2. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 includes: Step 1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the vibration and settling of the steel cylinder. Steps 1-2: Install and protect the sensors for monitoring the vibration and sinking of the steel cylinder.

3. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1-1 includes: Step 1-1-1: Arrange sensors for monitoring the settlement displacement at the top of the cylinder; Step 1-1-2: Arrange sensors for monitoring cylinder deformation; Step 1-1-3: Sensor arrangement for dynamic stress monitoring; Step 1-1-4: Arrange sensors for vibration acceleration monitoring.

4. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 1-1-1 includes: Settlement displacement monitoring markers are arranged on the inner and outer tops of the steel cylinders, with four markers on each cylinder, one on the sea-land side and one on the north and south sides, to monitor the settlement and horizontal displacement of the cylinder tops during the vibration and settling process. Step 1-1-2 includes: An inclinometer tube is arranged at the center of the inner side of the steel cylinder, with the bottom of the inclinometer tube extending to the bottom of the steel cylinder and the top of the inclinometer tube extending to 1.5 meters below the top of the steel cylinder. A fixed inclinometer sensor is arranged approximately every meter in the inclinometer tube. Step 1-1-3 includes: Three strain gauge sensors are arranged on the inner wall of the land side of the steel cylinder, with the included angle between two adjacent rows being 30°. An additional strain gauge sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the sea side of the steel cylinder. The strain gauge sensors are arranged at 4.0m intervals along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and reinforcing ribs, the strain gauge sensors are moved down 50cm. Step 1-1-4 includes: One set of vibration acceleration sensors is arranged on the land side of the steel cylinder, and one set of strain gauge sensors is in the same protective groove. The acceleration sensors and strain gauge sensors are installed alternately, with a spacing of 30 cm between them. The strain gauge sensors are on top and the vibration acceleration sensors are on the bottom. They are arranged at a spacing of 4.0 m along the depth direction of the steel cylinder. When encountering transverse ribs and transverse reinforcing ribs, they are moved down 50 cm.

5. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that, Steps 1-2 include: Inclinometer tube installation: After the on-site layout, start installing the inclinometer tube from the bottom of the cylinder. The bottom of the lowest section of the inclinometer tube is sharpened and reinforced with a 16mm thick steel plate. Weld angle steel, protective pipe and bolts from bottom to top. Fix the upper section of the inclinometer tube with clamps and fix it with structural adhesive in the steel pipe of the protective part. The lower section of the inclinometer tube is first limited. After the upper and lower sections are assembled, tighten the clamps and fix it with structural adhesive after they are joined. The installation is completed after the adhesive is poured into the steel pipe of the embedded part at the bottom of the cylinder and solidifies. Strain gauge installation: Weld the strain gauge base, protective box, M20 bolts, and protective 10# angle steel. Weld a soil removal shoe at the bottom of the measuring column and a steel pipe with a sealed bottom at the top of the measuring column of the lower section. After installing the strain gauge, apply adhesive, install the protective box cover, and wait 24 hours for curing. Straighten the cable of the lower section to the vicinity of the top and fix it. Straighten the cable of the upper section to the top hook and fix the upper cable of the sensor of the lower section together. Fix it section by section along the top transverse rib to the cable outlet hole of the cylinder wall. After splicing the upper and lower cylinders, connect the cable of the lower section to the reserved cable of the upper section, put it into the pre-embedded steel pipe, apply adhesive to seal it, and weld the groove cover plate at the connection. Accelerometer sensor installation: Installed together with the strain gauge sensor in the same protective slot, using the same installation method as the strain gauge sensor; Cable protection: Each sensor wire is wrapped with asbestos cloth, and angle steel guide grooves are welded on both sides to prevent the wire from being broken; the lead wire is fixed in a position that does not obstruct passage and is led out using pipe clamps; the area where the wire passes through the steel cylinder wall and the turning point of the wiring are wrapped with 4mm thick rubber sheet and then tied tightly for protection; when connecting the upper and lower section cables, the completed joint is placed in the pre-embedded cylinder near the top of the lower section and sealed with sealant; when the cable is led out from the inner wall of the cylinder, all cable strands at the outlet are wrapped with 4mm thick shock-absorbing rubber sheet, with a wrapping length of not less than 1 meter, and the cable is tied and fixed to the hook at the outlet on the outer wall of the cylinder and fixed by steel wire rope traction.

6. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 2 includes: Step 2-1: Collect data for the vibration and settlement monitoring of the steel cylinder; Step 2-2: Conduct monitoring and processing for the test vibration and sinking monitoring of the steel cylinder.

7. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 2-1 includes: Factory testing: After the sensors on each segment plate are installed, after the upper and lower segments of the cylinder are spliced, and after the entire installation is completed, data is collected once to ensure that the sensor installation and wiring are working properly. Shipping phase: Before shipping, inspect the cables, communicate with the shipping company, and send a dedicated person to the site with the shipping vessel to ensure that the cables are not damaged during the shipping process; Vibration sinking preparation stage: After the steel cylinder arrives at the vibration sinking point, the cable is untied and pulled to the test vessel. The cable is then connected to the corresponding data acquisition instrument, which is preheated for 30 minutes in advance. Data collection during the vibratory sinking process: The vibratory sinking process is divided into three test sections: suspended in water, sinking under its own weight, and sinking under vibration. Real-time data collection is carried out throughout the process to record test environmental factors and obtain the vibratory sinking construction status.

8. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 2-2 includes: Cylinder deformation data processing: Using the bottom of the cylinder as the reference point, the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom are calculated at each moment. During hovering, the inclination values ​​obtained from sensor data and the cylinder top settlement displacement observation system are verified and set as the reference value. Subsequent data are all subtracted from this reference value. Data is refreshed every 30 seconds, presenting the attitude of the steel cylinder's survey plane and displaying the inclination and inclination value of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom. When the data reaches abnormal values, i.e., the inclination and inclination value exceed the preset inclination threshold and inclination value threshold respectively, it is highlighted in red. The inclination calculation formula is: In the formula, The inclination of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. This is the horizontal offset of the top of the cylinder relative to the bottom of the cylinder. This is the height of the steel cylinder.

9. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibration and settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 3 includes: The dynamic strain value at each measuring point is converted into dynamic stress using the following formula: In the formula, For dynamic stress, The elastic modulus of steel, The dynamic strain value ( The effective value of dynamic stress is calculated in 30-second time units. The measured dynamic stress is linearly converted to the dynamic stress at various points on the cylinder body. The display of the effective value of dynamic stress at each measuring point is refreshed every 30 seconds.

10. The method for monitoring and controlling the vibratory settling of a steel cylinder according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 4 includes: The effective acceleration value of each measuring point is calculated in 30-second time units, and Fourier transform is performed to obtain the first, second, and third order frequencies within 30 seconds. Taking the first sensor at the top as the reference, the excitation force ratio of each measuring point relative to the reference is calculated and converted to various parts of the cylinder. The effective acceleration value and the first, second, and third order vibration frequencies are refreshed every 30 seconds.

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