Fresh concrete pouring buoyancy real-time monitoring system and test method

Abstract

The invention provides a fresh concrete pouring buoyancy real-time monitoring system and a test method, and the system comprises a test box, a test box body is a hollow box body structure with an open top, an air circulation channel is reserved between the inner wall and the outer wall of the test box body, fresh concrete is filled in the test box body, and the fresh concrete is filled in the test box body; a fixed reinforcing steel bar is arranged in the test box body, the fixed reinforcing steel bar is connected with a measuring reinforcing steel bar through a positioning piece, a stress box is arranged below the measuring reinforcing steel bar, and a stress sensor is also arranged on the measuring reinforcing steel bar; the temperature adjusting component comprises an air cooling and heating all-in-one machine, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe of the air cooling and heating all-in-one machine extend into the test box body and are communicated with the air circulation channel; and the control terminal is electrically connected with the stress sensor and the air cooling and heating all-in-one machine. The actual engineering environment can be accurately simulated under the laboratory condition, and dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the concrete pouring buoyancy are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular relates to a real-time monitoring system and testing method for the buoyancy of freshly mixed concrete. Background Technology

[0002] Freshly mixed concrete exhibits significant fluidity, behaving as a non-Newtonian fluid during construction. Its rheological behavior directly impacts pouring quality and construction safety; therefore, research on the fluidity of freshly mixed concrete has always been a key focus in the engineering field. Existing research has revealed the rheological laws of freshly mixed concrete by establishing various flow models (such as the Bingham model and the Herschel-Bulkley model) and shear models, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing construction processes. Under the combined effects of gravity and fluidity, freshly mixed concrete may exert a significant buoyancy effect on embedded components (such as steel linings of pump station channels, box culverts, bridge floats, underground pipelines, etc.), leading to component displacement or deformation during construction, thereby affecting structural safety and durability.

[0003] Furthermore, temperature is also a key factor affecting the fluidity and buoyancy properties of fresh concrete. Under different construction ambient temperatures, the rheological parameters of concrete, such as viscosity and yield stress, will change significantly: at high temperatures, the fluidity of concrete increases, and the buoyancy effect is more pronounced, but the hydration rate accelerates; while at low temperatures, the viscosity of concrete may increase, the buoyancy distribution may become uneven, and the hydration reaction may be inhibited. Therefore, temperature is a condition that must be considered during concrete pouring buoyancy testing.

[0004] Currently, in the field of construction engineering, due to the diversity of materials and the complexity of construction conditions, there are no unified and clear regulations for calculating the buoyancy of freshly mixed concrete. Related monitoring methods still mainly rely on static calculations or local sensors, which cannot reflect the dynamic changes in buoyancy and its correlation with temperature in real time and comprehensively. Furthermore, because existing buoyancy assessment methods largely depend on static mechanics formulas or empirical calculations, it is difficult to incorporate temperature-induced fluctuations in rheological parameters into a unified calculation framework, leading to frequent deviations in the calculation results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application aims to provide a real-time buoyancy monitoring system and testing method for fresh concrete pouring to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring, comprising: The test chamber has a hollow interior and an open top. An air circulation channel is reserved between the inner and outer walls of the test chamber. Freshly mixed concrete is poured into the test chamber. Fixed steel bars are installed inside the test chamber. Measuring steel bars are connected to the fixed steel bars through positioning components. A stress box is installed below the measuring steel bars. Stress sensors are also installed on the measuring steel bars. A temperature regulating component, comprising an integrated air cooling and heating unit, wherein the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe of the integrated air cooling and heating unit extend into the test chamber body and are connected to the air circulation channel; The control terminal is electrically connected to both the stress sensor and the integrated air cooling and heating unit.

[0007] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly poured concrete, using a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly poured concrete as described in the first aspect, including: Collect raw data during the concrete pouring test and perform data preprocessing; The preprocessed data is input into the calibrated prediction model to output a curve showing the real-time equivalent buoyancy change over time, and to obtain the peak buoyancy and rate of change, thereby providing construction control prompts; wherein the processing of the prediction model includes: The concrete pouring height is obtained based on the concrete pouring rate and the time the concrete contacts the load-bearing box. The effective physical parameters of the concrete under the current state are determined based on the equivalent temperature. The equivalent pressure on the surface of the stress box is converted into the force value measured by the stress sensor, and the equivalent buoyancy generated by the concrete is inverted based on the stress sensor test value.

[0008] Compared with existing technologies, the real-time buoyancy monitoring system and testing method for freshly mixed concrete pouring described in this application have the following advantages: The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly poured concrete described in this application, through the design of an environmental simulation device that can precisely control the test temperature and the application of high-precision sensors, can accurately simulate the actual engineering environment under laboratory conditions, and realize the dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the buoyancy of poured concrete. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test chamber and temperature control component described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the test chamber described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the testing process based on the monitoring system described in the embodiments of this application.

[0010] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Test chamber; 11-Test chamber body; 12-Measuring steel bar; 13-End cap; 14-Stress sensor connection line; 15-Fixing steel bar; 16-Positioning component; 17-Stress sensor; 18-Force box; 19-Insulation box; 111-Slot; 2-Temperature regulating components; 21-Air conditioning unit with integrated cooling and heating; 22-Inlet pipe; 23-Outlet pipe; 24-Connecting cable for air conditioning unit with integrated cooling and heating. 3-Control terminal; 31-Temperature control module, 32-Result recording module. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0012] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0013] As described in the background technology above, the buoyancy effect during the pouring of fresh concrete directly affects the construction quality and structural safety. However, the current methods for monitoring buoyancy have significant shortcomings: First, existing testing methods are limited, mainly relying on empirical formulas for calculation or local sensor monitoring, which makes it difficult to reflect the dynamic changes of buoyancy in real time and comprehensively. Second, existing technologies generally ignore the influence of ambient temperature (especially the 5-35℃ construction environment) on the rheological properties of concrete, resulting in deviations between buoyancy assessment and actual working conditions, and failing to accurately guide construction control.

[0014] Therefore, this application designs a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for fresh concrete pouring considering the effect of temperature, including a test chamber, a temperature regulating component and a control terminal. By simulating different construction conditions and ambient temperatures, the system monitors the buoyancy changes of fresh concrete in real time and analyzes the buoyancy distribution law in combination with the influence of temperature.

[0015] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Please see Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring, including: Test chamber 1, the test chamber body 11 is a box structure with a hollow interior and an open top. The top of the test chamber body 11 is provided with an end cover 13 (the end cover 13 has a through hole for installing measuring steel bars 12). An air circulation channel is reserved between the inner and outer walls of the test chamber body 11. Freshly mixed concrete is filled inside the test chamber body 11. Fixed steel bars 15 are set inside the test chamber body 11. The fixed steel bars 15 are connected to the measuring steel bars 12 through positioning parts 16. A stress box 18 is set below the measuring steel bars 12. A stress sensor 17 is also installed on the measuring steel bars 12. Temperature regulating component 2 includes an integrated air cooling and heating unit 21. The air inlet pipe 22 and the air outlet pipe 23 of the integrated air cooling and heating unit 21 extend into the test chamber body 11 and are connected to the air circulation channel. Control terminal 3 is electrically connected to stress sensor 17 and air cooling and heating unit 21 respectively.

[0017] Specifically, in this embodiment, a gap is reserved between the outer wall and the inner wall of the test chamber body 11 to form an air circulation channel. The air circulation channel is a closed structure. The top of the air circulation channel is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for connecting with the air inlet pipe 22 and the air outlet pipe 23. It mainly serves to create the pouring environment temperature and also constitutes the space for pouring fresh concrete and monitoring buoyancy.

[0018] The testing device in test chamber 1 mainly includes a measuring rebar 12, a stress sensor 17, a fixed rebar 15, a positioning component 16, and a force-bearing box 18. The fixed rebar 15 is fixed according to its dimensions by being snapped into a pre-set slot 111 in the test chamber body 11. After the position of the measuring rebar 12 is adjusted, the positioning component 16 (such as a cross-shaped tube clamp) is used to fix its position at the connection point where the measuring rebar 12 and the fixed rebar 15 are joined.

[0019] The position of the force box 18 is achieved by adjusting the depth of the measuring steel bar 12 into the test box 1 and the relative position of the measuring steel bar 12 and the fixed steel bar 15. Both the fixed steel bar 15 and the measuring steel bar 12 are marked with numerical scales.

[0020] The stress chamber 18 is a closed, empty box or a square solid with low density. When subjected to the buoyancy of freshly poured concrete, the measuring steel bar 12 provides a downward force to the stress chamber 18, ensuring that the stress sensor 17 is under pressure for more accurate measurement. The stress sensor 17 is connected to the measuring steel bar 12 via a sleeve, and the data collected by the stress sensor 17 is directly transmitted to the control terminal 3 via the stress sensor connection line 14.

[0021] An insulation box 19 is installed on the outside of the test chamber body 11. The external insulation box 19 serves to insulate the test chamber body 11 from direct contact with the environment, preventing excessive temperature loss. The insulation box 19 (made of solid insulation material such as foam board, rubber and plastic sponge, etc.) encloses the test chamber body 11. The insulation box 19 and the test chamber body 11 are detachable, facilitating the cleaning of concrete and the replacement of testing equipment after the test is completed.

[0022] The control terminal 3 primarily functions to collect monitoring signals, regulate temperature, and perform data analysis. The temperature control module 31, through information interaction with the integrated air cooling and heating unit 21, controls the test temperature, achieving a constant or regularly changing temperature. The result recording module 32 uses the data transmitted by the sensors to calculate the buoyancy of the force box 18 through simple mechanical analysis. Furthermore, to obtain the actual concrete temperature field required for buoyancy calculation, this embodiment arranges at least one internal concrete temperature probe inside the test chamber 1 to record the concrete's initial temperature and internal temperature changes during pouring, providing basic data for density and hydration analysis.

[0023] It should be noted that the modular design of the test chamber and the stress chamber can be adjusted and customized according to the engineering needs and construction scenarios. The testing process is simple and efficient, and the test results obtained have direct significance for engineering construction.

[0024] This embodiment, by designing an environmental simulation device with precisely controllable test temperature and employing high-precision sensors, can accurately simulate the actual engineering environment under laboratory conditions, enabling dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the buoyancy of poured concrete. The system described in this embodiment has the following advantages: (1) By introducing ambient temperature as a key variable into the concrete buoyancy test system, the test environment is precisely controlled through the temperature adjustment module, which truly reflects the influence of temperature change on the rheological properties and buoyancy distribution of fresh concrete, thus solving the limitation of traditional test methods that ignore temperature factors. (2) Real-time transmission and processing of buoyancy data are realized. The control terminal can display the calculated buoyancy value and automatically store the test results, which significantly improves the monitoring efficiency and accuracy.

[0025] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above-described embodiments, this application also provides a method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly poured concrete, specifically including the following steps: Step S1: Collect raw data during the concrete pouring test and perform data preprocessing; Step S2: Input the preprocessed data into the calibrated prediction model to output the curve of real-time equivalent buoyancy changing over time, and obtain the peak buoyancy and rate of change, thereby providing construction control prompts; wherein, the processing of the prediction model includes: The concrete pouring height is obtained based on the concrete pouring rate and the time the concrete contacts the load-bearing box. The effective physical parameters of the concrete under the current state are determined based on the equivalent temperature. The equivalent pressure on the surface of the stress box is converted into the force value measured by the stress sensor, and the equivalent buoyancy generated by the concrete is inverted based on the stress sensor test value.

[0026] This embodiment proposes a temperature-coupled buoyancy analysis method, which introduces the influence of temperature changes on the fluidity and density of concrete into the buoyancy calculation. By constructing the relationship between temperature, pressure and buoyancy, the system can extract physically meaningful parameters from the raw data and perform real-time analysis.

[0027] During the experiment, the device collects time-series data such as temperature, stress, and pouring height. Based on a preset temperature-buoyancy coupling relationship, it fits and inversely extrapolates the mechanical response obtained from the experiment, thereby obtaining the effective buoyancy and its trend over time. Through this method, the system can quantitatively separate the buoyancy shift caused by temperature changes, improving the reliability of monitoring results and reflecting changes in the internal stress state of concrete in real time during construction. Compared to traditional methods relying on static force values, the method described in this embodiment has stronger physical correlation and interpretability, providing buoyancy estimates and trend predictions with engineering significance.

[0028] In some implementations, the influence of initial preload is corrected by filtering and time-aligning the acquired raw data and determining the average baseline value of the sensor within a selected time window before pouring begins.

[0029] Specifically, in this embodiment, data acquisition begins with real-time acquisition of concrete internal temperature data, pressure output from stress sensors, measured rebar position data, and time-series data. Then, the data is preprocessed. This embodiment uses a first-order low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise caused by construction vibration, electromagnetic interference, and instantaneous impacts, while retaining the low-frequency trend of buoyancy changes. Since the temperature and stress sensors have different sampling frequencies, the control terminal must perform model calculations on the same time reference, thus requiring time alignment. After sensor installation, there may be initial preload, and the sensor may not read zero in an empty state; therefore, a time window is selected before pouring begins. Calculate the average baseline value; if multiple temperature measuring points are set up in the test chamber... The internal temperature distribution level needs to be determined using the temperature field difference. The relevant formulas are as follows: ; ; ; in, ; ; in, ; The filtered force data, For the first The original data at each sampling time point The sensor values ​​ultimately used by the control terminal for calculation. These are the filter coefficients, typically ranging from 0.05 to 0.2. , For two adjacent temperature sampling points, The weights are assigned to each temperature measurement point.

[0030] In some implementations, model parameter calibration includes static density calibration, rheological parameter calibration, and system coupling coefficient calibration; Among them, static density calibration involves preparing samples with the same mix proportion at different temperatures, measuring the static density, and performing least squares fitting under the condition of ignoring early hydration. Rheological parameter calibration is performed by measuring the yield stress and plastic viscosity at the same temperature point using a rotational rheometer to fit the exponential dependence coefficient. The system coupling coefficient calibration involves pouring the load cell to a known height several times in the test chamber, recording the sensor output force value and the corresponding temperature, and performing least squares fitting. The consistency between the model prediction and the sensor value is verified through independent test groups.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, for the load-bearing box or component, the buoyancy generated by its enclosure and displacement by concrete... (Approximating using volumetric displacement) can be expressed as: ; in, ; ; In the formula, This represents the volume of the load cell surrounded by concrete, expressed in meters (m). 3 ; This indicates the pouring speed, expressed in m / s. The effective density of concrete varies with temperature. and hydration degree And change; This represents the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 m / s². 2 ; It represents the base area of ​​the load cell (for column load cells) or the converted area (for non-column load cells). Indicates time, The moment when the concrete comes into contact with the load cell can be equated to the moment when the force sensor reading changes abruptly. Indicates reference temperature The density of the sample is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; This represents the temperature coefficient, with units of kg·m. -3 ·K -1 ; The degree of hydration can be determined by temperature or exothermic rate. This represents the density change coefficient caused by hydration. This only represents the buoyancy in still water.

[0032] Since concrete is a non-Newtonian fluid, the force sensor is also affected by the additional flow forces. Therefore, in addition to the static water volume term, the yield stress must also be considered as an additional factor affecting the sensor reading. ; ; In the formula, , Indicates reference temperature The yield stress and plastic viscosity at the specified values; , Represents the temperature sensitivity coefficient (K).-1 The system was calibrated using a rheometer through indoor testing. Therefore, during the pouring process, the force read by the stress sensor comprises two parts: the hydrostatic term and stress transmission (caused by fluidity). In the formula, This indicates the pressure applied to the sensor, measured in Pa. The equivalent fluid depth at the corresponding location is expressed in meters (m) and is calculated from the measured position of the reinforcing bars and the height of the load cell. , These represent the geometric and stress coupling constants, respectively, which are determined through indoor calibration tests and are related to the sensor installation method and the shape of the force box. This represents the local shear rate, measured in seconds (s). -1 It can be estimated from the pouring speed; This represents the pressure value theoretically received by the stress sensor; This indicates the actual pressure value of the stress sensor; Indicates the sensor area or conversion factor.

[0033] To ensure the parameters in the above formulas are identifiable, this embodiment employs a standardized parameter calibration process: The first step is static density calibration at different temperatures. Prepare samples with the same mix proportion and measure their static density. ; Least squares fitting was used, neglecting early hydration ( ): ; Therefore, it can be written as a matrix: ; Its parameter solution is: ; Next is the calibration of rheological parameters, measured at the same temperature point using a small rotational rheometer. , The fitting exponent depends on the temperature sensitivity coefficient. , : ; Taking the logarithm, we get: ; Linear regression yields: ; Similarly, we can obtain .

[0034] Finally, the system coupling coefficient was calibrated. The stress box was poured to a known height (h) several times in the test chamber, and the sensor output was recorded. and The least squares method was used for fitting. , : ; It can be simplified to: ; in: , , Its least squares solution is: Finally, the model prediction was validated through independent experimental groups (with different mixing ratios). Verify the consistency with sensor values.

[0035] This embodiment calculates the pre-test based on the prediction model with calibrated parameters: ; By fitting the parameters and combining the observations with the equations of the calibrated model, the following objective function is constructed: ; In the formula, The set of parameters to be calibrated includes The objective function is obtained by using the least squares method. The solution is performed to calibrate and update the model parameters.

[0036] The system outputs the current estimated buoyancy in real time and can provide control suggestions such as "high buoyancy risk" or "need to slow down the pouring rate." Furthermore, the control terminal calculates the temperature integral based on the internal temperature curve of the concrete to estimate the degree of hydration development, thus correcting for density changes in hydration degree and making the buoyancy output more consistent with actual rheological behavior.

[0037] Furthermore, this application establishes a correlation analysis method between temperature and buoyancy by dynamically calculating and processing real-time collected temperature and force data, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of buoyancy determination. This provides precise data support for construction process optimization and structural safety control.

[0038] Example 1: The experimental implementation method is explained in detail as follows: (1) Test preparation: Manufacture the test chamber according to the preset dimensions and configure the corresponding auxiliary equipment according to the experimental design requirements, including the stress chamber, air-cooled heating unit, and insulation box. Then, evenly brush oil on the inner surface of the test chamber body to reduce the adhesion between the concrete and the test chamber body wall. After completing the above preparations, install the test chamber on the test platform.

[0039] (2) Connect the measuring steel bar, stress sensor and force box, and install and fix the measuring steel bar in the test box. At the same time, adjust its spatial position in the test box to ensure that the force box is in the accurate test position.

[0040] (3) Connect the temperature control module to the test chamber, seal the air inlet and outlet, and ensure that the signal between the temperature control module and the control terminal is unobstructed. This temperature control module can automatically adjust the air temperature after setting on the control terminal to realize the simulation and change of ambient temperature.

[0041] (4) Set the control temperature, input the set parameters through the control terminal, adjust the air temperature to the preset value, and keep the temperature stable. This process realizes the construction of a temperature-coupled environment, providing a controllable variable for the subsequent concrete pouring process.

[0042] (5) Introduce air into the test chamber to achieve temperature equilibrium and convection simulation within the test space. Once the internal temperature of the test chamber reaches the preset target, start the subsequent pouring operation.

[0043] (6) Concrete pouring: The prepared concrete is poured evenly from the top of the test chamber at a preset speed. After the concrete surrounds the reinforcing steel in the chamber, the buoyancy monitoring program is started by the control terminal. At the same time, the control terminal collects real-time data from the stress sensor and the position of the reinforcing steel to track the evolution of the buoyancy force on the stress chamber under temperature coupling.

[0044] (7) After the concrete pouring is completed, the top plate of the test chamber is covered to form a closed space to simulate the concrete forming environment in actual construction. The system continuously records the changes in temperature and buoyancy.

[0045] (8) Test termination and concrete pouring: After the concrete reaches the initial setting point, stop the test. Separate the test chamber from the temperature control module and remove it from the insulation box. Pour the concrete out of the test chamber and clean it up to prepare for the next round of testing or data analysis.

[0046] (9) The standard procedure for buoyancy calculation is as follows: Before the experiment begins, the initial parameters of the system calculation model are set, including the following parameters: 1) Constant parameters, including gravitational acceleration Effective force-bearing area or equivalent conversion factor of stress sensor And the geometric dimensions of the load cell; 2) Test operating parameters, including target ambient temperature or temperature change scheme, and concrete pouring rate. Initial spatial position of the load cell; 3) Call up the calibrated material and system parameters, including the concrete reference density. Temperature density correction factor Hydration density correction factor Yield stress at reference temperature Plastic viscosity Temperature sensitivity coefficient , and coupling coefficient , .

[0047] During the concrete pouring process, the control terminal synchronously collects the following data using a unified time reference: Concrete internal temperature data It can be deployed at single or multiple points; the raw value output by the stress sensor ; corresponding time series data ; Measure the position of the reinforcing bars.

[0048] The raw data is preprocessed and calculated, specifically including: 1) Sensor signal filtering and baseline correction are performed to obtain the filtered force signal; 2) Temperature data time is aligned to equivalent temperature (multiple temperature measurement points); 3) Calculate the concrete pouring height based on the concrete pouring rate and the time the concrete contacts the load-bearing box; 4) Based on equivalent temperature Calculate the effective physical parameters of the concrete in its current state, including its effective density ( ) and temperature-corrected rheological parameters; 5) Perform sensor force calculation and buoyancy inversion. Calculate the equivalent pressure on the surface of the pressure box and convert it into the force value measured by the pressure sensor. Based on the sensor's measured value, invert the equivalent buoyancy generated by the concrete. 6) Finally, output the curve of real-time equivalent buoyancy changing over time. It calculates the peak buoyancy and rate of change, and outputs corresponding construction control prompts to guide the adjustment of pouring rate or construction process.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

[0050] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring, characterized in that, include: The test chamber has a hollow interior and an open top. An air circulation channel is reserved between the inner and outer walls of the test chamber. Freshly mixed concrete is poured into the test chamber. Fixed steel bars are installed inside the test chamber. Measuring steel bars are connected to the fixed steel bars through positioning components. A stress box is installed below the measuring steel bars. Stress sensors are also installed on the measuring steel bars. A temperature regulating component, comprising an integrated air cooling and heating unit, wherein the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe of the integrated air cooling and heating unit extend into the test chamber body and are connected to the air circulation channel; The control terminal is electrically connected to both the stress sensor and the integrated air cooling and heating unit.

2. The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the air circulation channel is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet is matched with the air inlet pipe of the air-cooling and heating unit, and the air outlet is matched with the air outlet pipe of the air-cooling and heating unit. The test chamber body is provided with an end cap at the top, and the end cap has a through hole for installing measuring steel bars.

3. The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the test chamber body is pre-set with a slot, and the fixing steel bar is snapped into the slot. The fixing steel bar and the measuring steel bar are set perpendicularly, and both the fixing steel bar and the measuring steel bar are marked with numerical scales.

4. The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control terminal includes a temperature control module and a result recording module. The temperature control module is electrically connected to the air-cooled and heated unit and is used to control the temperature of the air-cooled and heated unit. The result recording module is electrically connected to the stress sensor and is used to record the buoyancy data borne by the stress box.

5. The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test chamber is equipped with at least one temperature probe to collect the concrete pouring temperature and the internal temperature of the concrete during the pouring process.

6. The real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulated box is also installed on the outside of the test chamber body.

7. A method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly mixed concrete pouring, using a real-time buoyancy monitoring system for freshly mixed concrete pouring as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Collect raw data during the concrete pouring test and perform data preprocessing; The preprocessed data is input into the calibrated prediction model to output a curve showing the real-time equivalent buoyancy change over time, and to obtain the peak buoyancy and rate of change, thereby providing construction control prompts; wherein the processing of the prediction model includes: The concrete pouring height is obtained based on the concrete pouring rate and the time the concrete contacts the load-bearing box. The effective physical parameters of the concrete under the current state are determined based on the equivalent temperature. The equivalent pressure on the surface of the stress box is converted into the force value measured by the stress sensor, and the equivalent buoyancy generated by the concrete is inverted based on the stress sensor test value.

8. The method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 7, characterized in that: By filtering and time-aligning the collected raw data, and selecting a time window to determine the average baseline value of the sensor before pouring begins, the influence of the initial preload is corrected. The raw data includes concrete internal temperature data, pressure data output by stress sensors, time series data, and data on the location of measuring reinforcing bars.

9. The method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 8, characterized in that: Model parameter calibration includes static density calibration, rheological parameter calibration, and system coupling coefficient calibration; The static density calibration involves preparing samples with the same mix proportion at different temperatures, measuring the static density, and performing least squares fitting under the condition of ignoring early hydration. The rheological parameter calibration is performed by measuring the yield stress and plastic viscosity at the same temperature point using a rotational rheometer to fit the exponential dependence coefficient. The system coupling coefficient calibration involves pouring the load cell to a known height several times in a test chamber, recording the sensor output force value and corresponding temperature, and performing least squares fitting. The consistency between the model prediction and the sensor value is verified through independent test groups.

10. A method for real-time monitoring of buoyancy in freshly mixed concrete pouring according to claim 8, characterized in that: Temperature integrals are calculated based on the internal temperature curve of concrete to estimate the degree of hydration. The density change is then corrected by the degree of hydration to ensure that the buoyancy output conforms to the actual rheological behavior.

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