Intelligent regulation and control method for dynamic stability of open pit coal mine slope treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent regulation and control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment, and relates to the technical field of open-pit coal mine slope safety control. The intelligent regulation and control method comprises the following steps: continuously collecting millisecond blasting detonation time, slope vibration change information and micro-seismic energy change information; collected data is arranged into a corresponding relation record of the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response, and a basic data set is formed; according to the invention, through continuous monitoring and time sequence analysis, dynamic identification and regulation of multi-turn blasting vibration are realized, and operation rhythm dispersion and energy concentration are adjusted in advance. Through blasting subsection rearrangement and rhythm coordination, intermittence is introduced in a high-risk section, the blasting sequence is adjusted in a rolling mode, the vibration range and the time interval are controlled, slippage caused by power superposition is prevented, and long-term stability and safe and efficient mining of the side slope are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-pit coal mine slope safety control technology, specifically to an intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope management. Background Technology

[0002] Dynamic stability intelligent control of open-pit coal mine slope management refers to the objective characteristics of the continuous evolution of slope stability over time under the continuous effects of factors such as mining and stripping advancement, blasting disturbance, rainfall infiltration, groundwater level changes, and long-term weathering during open-pit coal mining. This is achieved through continuous acquisition and correlation analysis of slope geometry, geotechnical parameters, stress-strain response, and environmental impact information. The process of slope stability changing from local to overall and from static to dynamic is characterized. Based on this, real-time or phased adjustments and coordinated control are made to management methods such as support layout, slope cutting methods, drainage measures, and work rhythm according to the stability change trend. This allows the slope management process to continuously adjust with changes in working conditions and maintain a match with the actual stress state, thereby achieving controllable, continuous, and adaptable management of open-pit coal mine slopes throughout the entire mining cycle.

[0003] Existing technologies have the following shortcomings: Under current technological conditions, open-pit coal mine slope blasting operations typically treat each round of differential blasting as an independent dynamic event, and slope stability analysis is based on the premise that a single blast or the interval between adjacent blasts is sufficiently attenuated. However, in actual mining and stripping processes, multiple rounds of differential blasting are carried out continuously over time. The residual vibrations, stress wave propagation effects, and microcrack propagation introduced by the previous blasting round are not completely dissipated, gradually forming a hidden superposition of dynamic disturbances within the slope rock mass. When subsequent blasts occur within a specific time window, the aforementioned residual dynamic effects tend to concentrate in phase, causing an abnormal amplification of the overall dynamic response of the slope in a short period of time. This results in the actual released kinetic energy significantly exceeding the design boundary set by existing technologies based on the assumption of a single blast, thereby triggering large-scale overall rock mass slippage without obvious warning.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent control method for the dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for intelligent control of dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment, comprising the following steps: Based on the rhythm of slope treatment operations, information on micro-delay blasting initiation time, slope vibration changes, and micro-seismic energy changes were continuously collected. The collected data were organized into a record of the correspondence between blasting time sequence and slope vibration response, forming a basic dataset for subsequent analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted on the relationship between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response over a continuous time range. The relationship between the vibration peak values ​​and the concentrated variation characteristics of the vibration intensity were analyzed. The superposition signs of the effects of multiple blasts in the time dimension were extracted, and a time-concentrated trajectory reflecting the degree of vibration concentration was generated. By identifying continuous time segments where vibrations recur repeatedly through time-concentrated trajectories, and combining this time segment with information on changes in blasting intervals, charge arrangements, and mining and stripping advance, a list of operational risks with potential dynamic superposition hazards is formed. Based on the operational risk list, the blasting implementation plan is rearranged in segments, dividing the continuous blasting activities into multiple staggered operational phases. For each operational phase, a vibration control range and minimum time interval requirement are set, generating a staggered blasting execution plan. According to the blasting execution plan, the operation rhythm before and after the risk time section is adjusted in real time. A short operation interval is introduced before the key section, and the detonation time sequence is adjusted according to real-time monitoring data. At the same time, the change in the mining and stripping advance rhythm is coordinated so that the vibration impact generated by multiple blasts is dispersed in time to prevent the concentrated accumulation of power from causing the overall slope to slide.

[0007] Preferably, the steps for constructing a basic dataset based on the rhythm of slope stabilization operations are as follows: The monitoring deployment and time reference are unified. Multiple monitoring points are set up according to the slope spatial structure, rock mass joint distribution and mining advance direction, and synchronous recording is achieved through time reference signals. After time synchronization is completed, continuous data acquisition is carried out. The moment of detonation is recorded according to the blasting plan, and information on vibration changes and micro-vibration energy changes is collected so that the entire process of vibration waves is completely recorded. After the data collection was completed, the time sequence was organized and the corresponding relationship was constructed. The detonation time of each round of blasting was used as the time axis marker. The vibration acceleration curves and energy change curves of different monitoring points were matched and a time sequence record was formed. After the data is organized, a unified integration is performed. Response entries are established with the blasting event as the main thread, and the detonation time, monitoring point location, vibration acceleration change, peak occurrence time, total energy release, and decay end time are uniformly expressed to form a basic dataset for subsequent analysis.

[0008] Preferably, during the unified operation of monitoring deployment and time reference, monitoring points are distributed at different elevations at the top of the slope, the middle of the slope, the toe of the slope, and inside the slope. The spacing between monitoring points is determined according to the wave velocity characteristics of the rock mass. All monitoring devices are connected to a unified time reference signal, and time synchronization is achieved through manual time calibration and test signal calibration, so that the data collected at each location are consistent in time, providing a basis for the accurate correspondence between the subsequent blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response.

[0009] Preferably, the steps for generating time-concentrated trajectories are as follows: The relationship between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response was recorded and divided into time segments. Based on the continuity of the blasting operation, the blasting activities were divided into adjacent time segments according to the blasting time sequence, and the vibration change curves in each segment were extracted. After the time intervals are divided, the vibration curves of each time interval are identified and arranged in time sequence. The time of peak occurrence, duration of vibration and changes in vibration intensity are recorded to form a continuous peak distribution sequence. After the peak sequence is formed, the time interval between adjacent peaks is compared with the intensity change to identify the time period of concentrated change in vibration intensity and mark the dynamic superposition trend. After identification, the concentrated change features are plotted with time as the horizontal axis and vibration intensity as the vertical axis to generate a continuously distributed time-concentrated trajectory, which is used to reflect the degree of vibration concentration on the slope.

[0010] Preferably, the steps for identifying areas of concentrated vibration and creating a list of operational risks are as follows: Based on the time-concentrated trajectory, the blasting time sequence is continuously scanned, the changing trend of the vibration intensity curve is analyzed along the time axis, the time segment where the vibration concentration occurs is determined, and the time connection between the segments is maintained. After determining the time interval, the changes in the blasting interval of each section are analyzed. By comparing the initiation time of adjacent blasts with the end time of vibration response, the dynamic superposition section caused by continuous blasting is identified. After understanding the characteristics of blasting interval changes, the changes in charge arrangement and mining advance in the same time period are compared to extract information on charge amount, borehole structure, advance step distance and slope angle changes, and form the correspondence between energy release and slope response. After the analysis is completed, the results of time intervals, blasting intervals, changes in charge and propulsion are integrated to list the start and end times, vibration concentration characteristics and energy change trends, forming an operational risk list and classifying them according to risk level.

[0011] Preferably, in the process of forming the operational risk list, the trend of shortening blasting intervals, increasing charge volume, and accelerated mining and stripping advance within high-risk time periods are comprehensively compared. The dynamic superposition risk level is determined based on the range and duration of vibration peak intensity. At the same time, the start and end times, energy release characteristics, and main affected locations of the risk sections are recorded to guide the adjustment of blasting rhythm and the optimization of slope treatment measures.

[0012] Preferably, the steps for reorganizing the blasting schedule into segments and generating staggered blasting execution plans are as follows: Analyze and classify the time segments in the operational risk list, determine the scope of rearrangement based on the risk level, and integrate adjacent risk segments into continuous time units; After the segments are determined, the blasting activities within each segment are rearranged in sequence. The initiation time is adjusted according to the blasting interval, charge amount and vibration intensity, and non-blasting interval time periods are inserted to form a staggered execution structure for the blasting activities. After the sequence is rearranged, a vibration control range and minimum time interval requirement are set for each work stage, and a safe time interval standard is formed based on the vibration peak distribution and energy decay time. After setting the parameters, all operation stages are reorganized in chronological order, the detonation sequence, vibration intensity range, and operation interval duration are clarified, and a blasting execution plan is generated to be implemented in a staggered manner.

[0013] Preferably, the steps for real-time adjustment of the work rhythm before and after the risk time period include: Establish a dynamic identification mechanism for risk time zones during the blasting execution phase, set early warning time windows based on the blasting execution plan and monitoring signals, and trigger the rhythm adjustment plan before the risk arrives in a concentrated manner; After confirming the entry into the risk time window, the pace of operations before the critical section is slowed down. The detonation time is postponed according to the vibration attenuation curve of the previous round of blasting, and a short operation interval is introduced to restore the stability of the slope stress balance. After the interval period ends, the subsequent detonation time sequence is adjusted on a rolling basis. The detonation sequence is delayed or advanced according to the vibration attenuation results, while maintaining the time interval not less than the safety limit and recording the adjustment log. After the detonation sequence is adjusted, the mining and stripping advance rhythm is synchronized and coordinated. The advance speed and direction are adjusted according to the spatial range of the blasting stage to maintain a dynamic balance between the stress state of the slope and the changes in blasting vibration.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages provided by the present invention in the above technical solution are as follows: This invention achieves dynamic identification and process control of the vibration effects of multiple rounds of micro-delay blasting by introducing continuous monitoring and time series correlation analysis during open-pit coal mine slope treatment. Through continuous acquisition and processing of blasting initiation time, vibration response, and micro-vibration energy, the concentrated variation characteristics of blasting energy over time can be captured in a timely manner, and vibration superposition zones can be dynamically identified. This allows for advance adjustment of the operation rhythm before blasting, effectively dispersing the vibration impact over time. This method enables the slope treatment process to adjust in real time according to changes in working conditions, improving the adaptability of treatment measures to actual dynamic responses.

[0015] This invention achieves synchronous matching between blasting activities and slope stability by segmenting and rearranging the blasting schedule and coordinating the rhythm, proactively introducing brief pauses before high-risk sections, and continuously adjusting the detonation sequence and mining / stripping advance rhythm based on real-time monitoring results. By controlling the vibration range and minimum time interval of each stage, it avoids the cumulative release of energy from multiple blasts in a short period, reduces the risk of slippage caused by amplified dynamic disturbances, and maintains a stable stress state on the slope throughout the continuous mining cycle, thereby improving the operational safety and continuous production efficiency of open-pit mines. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that the description of this disclosure will be more complete and fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This invention provides, for example Figure 1 The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment, as shown, includes the following steps: Based on the rhythm of slope treatment operations, information on micro-delay blasting initiation time, slope vibration changes, and micro-seismic energy changes were continuously collected. The collected data were organized into a record of the correspondence between blasting time sequence and slope vibration response, forming a basic dataset for subsequent analysis. To construct a basic dataset that accurately reflects the dynamic response of slopes under multiple rounds of micro-delay blasting, a combination of continuous data acquisition and time-series processing was used to acquire and correlate the data. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Monitoring deployment and time reference standardization were implemented in open-pit coal mine slope areas. Multiple monitoring points were deployed at representative locations based on the overall spatial structure of the slope, the distribution of rock joints, and the direction of mining and stripping. These monitoring points included locations at different elevations: the slope top, middle, toe, and within the slope itself, ensuring the capture of the propagation characteristics of blasting vibrations in both vertical and horizontal directions. During deployment, the spacing between monitoring points was determined based on the rock hardness and wave velocity characteristics, creating a continuous monitoring chain covering the entire slope. Each monitoring point was equipped with a vibration recording device and an energy sensing device with high temporal resolution. Each device was connected to a unified time reference signal to ensure complete temporal synchronization of data collected from different locations. Before blasting, all monitoring devices were uniformly time-calibrated through manual time synchronization and test signal calibration, ensuring accurate recording of each detonation moment on a unified time axis. This deployment method allows for the simultaneous capture of vibration propagation, energy release, and waveform changes at different parts of the slope during blasting, ensuring the continuity of subsequent time correlation analysis.

[0020] After time synchronization is completed, continuous data acquisition is performed. According to the open-pit coal mine's operational plan, the precise time of detonation is recorded during each round of micro-differential blasting, and vibration and energy data are continuously collected throughout the entire period before, during, and after blasting. A sampling frequency is set for each monitoring point, ensuring the sampling time interval is less than the shortest wavelength period of the blasting vibration wave propagation characteristics, guaranteeing that every detail of the vibration wave's changes is recorded. The collected data includes triaxial acceleration changes at the surface and within the rock mass, vibration duration, peak acceleration occurrence time, vibration decay process, micro-seismic energy release, energy peak occurrence time, and energy decay curve. During the acquisition process, after each round of blasting, the equipment continues recording until the vibration signal completely disappears and stabilizes at the natural background value, ensuring that the entire information of each blasting response is completely preserved. Data from all monitoring points is stored in real-time in chronological order on a time-synchronized recording medium, forming a continuous recording sequence to provide raw input data for subsequent processing.

[0021] After the data collection was completed, the raw data from all monitoring points were processed and their correspondences were established. First, the detonation time of each round of blasting was used as a marker on the time axis, and the vibration acceleration change curves recorded by different monitoring points at that moment were matched one by one with the microseismic energy change curves. During the matching process, the data from each monitoring point was time-aligned, allowing for comparison of responses at different locations within the same blasting event within the same time period. Then, according to the order of the blasting events, all the matched data from multiple rounds of blasting were arranged sequentially to form a continuous time series record. To ensure the continuity of the data in the time dimension, the time interval between the end of one round of blasting and the start of the next round was fully preserved without truncation or merging, ensuring that the residual vibration effects between different blasting events are reflected in the data records. For each blasting event, key nodes such as the moment of detonation, the time of vibration peak occurrence, the duration of the vibration wave, the time of energy peak, and the time of energy decay end were retained in the time series. This time series arrangement method enables a one-to-one correspondence between the response characteristics of each round of blasting and the detonation time, forming a complete correspondence between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response.

[0022] After the time sequence and response information of all blasting events were compiled, a unified integration was performed to form a basic dataset that can be used for subsequent dynamic analysis. During integration, blasting events were used as the main thread, and all events were arranged chronologically, with a complete response entry created under each event. Each entry includes the detonation time, corresponding monitoring point location, vibration acceleration change information, peak acceleration value, peak occurrence time, vibration duration, total energy release, peak energy time, and time for energy decay to a stable value. In this way, the response data from all monitoring points are uniformly expressed within the same time frame, forming a multi-dimensional time-series database. To ensure data traceability in subsequent analysis, each record is accompanied by a geographic location number, sampling time period number, and corresponding blasting number, enabling data from different sources to be correlated. This basic dataset is structurally arranged chronologically and contains both dynamic response and energy change information, comprehensively reflecting the dynamic response process of open-pit coal mine slopes under continuous micro-delay blasting. It provides continuous, reliable, and detailed data support for subsequent identification of vibration concentration zones, analysis of dynamic superposition trends, and formulation of blasting control strategies.

[0023] Statistical analysis was conducted on the relationship between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response over a continuous time range. The relationship between the vibration peak values ​​and the concentrated variation characteristics of the vibration intensity were analyzed. The superposition signs of the effects of multiple blasts in the time dimension were extracted, and a time-concentrated trajectory reflecting the degree of vibration concentration was generated. After compiling the records of the correspondence between blasting time sequence and slope vibration response, in order to reveal the superposition effect of multiple blasts on the slope dynamic response over time, the vibration variation patterns within a continuous time range were statistically analyzed, and a time-concentration trajectory reflecting the degree of vibration concentration was generated. The specific steps are as follows: The established correspondence between blasting time sequence and slope vibration response was divided into time segments. Based on the continuous nature of blasting operations, the blasting activities throughout the entire mining cycle were divided into multiple adjacent time segments according to the initiation time sequence. Each time segment was bounded by the initiation time interval between two adjacent blasts, ensuring that the time segmentation covered all blasting events without overlap. Complete variation curves of the vibration signal were extracted within each time segment, including the vibration start time, peak value time, vibration duration, and vibration end time. To ensure statistical integrity, the vibration curve and energy variation curve corresponding to each round of blasting were aligned on the time axis, placing the response information of different blasting events under the same time reference frame. This division method resulted in a continuous structural distribution of the entire time series, providing a unified time scale basis for subsequent vibration peak value statistics.

[0024] After dividing the time into time segments, peak values ​​and temporal sequences of the vibration curves within each time segment are identified. By comparing the acceleration changes of each vibration curve point by point, the specific time position of the maximum acceleration value is determined, which is taken as the main vibration peak of that round of blasting. Simultaneously with determining the vibration peak, the changes in vibration amplitude before and after the peak are recorded, including the rate of increase in vibration amplitude, the duration of the peak, and the attenuation period. This information is recorded along with the corresponding blasting initiation time, establishing a clear correspondence between the vibration peak characteristics of each blasting event and the time point. Subsequently, all peak events are arranged in chronological order, forming a peak distribution sequence on a continuous time axis. During the arrangement process, not only the time interval between each peak is preserved, but also the directional relationship of vibration intensity changes between adjacent peaks, i.e., the intensity difference and time interval between subsequent peaks. This arrangement method can reflect the progressive change of vibration energy in the time dimension during continuous blasting, providing a direct basis for subsequent analysis of vibration intensity concentration trends.

[0025] After the peak sequence is formed, a comprehensive analysis of the peak variation relationship within a continuous time range is conducted to extract the concentrated variation characteristics of vibration intensity. By comparing the time interval and intensity difference between adjacent peaks, sections where vibration intensity shows a concentrated increase or superposition over time are identified. When the peak time interval of multiple adjacent blasting events gradually shortens and the vibration intensity continues to increase, it indicates that there is a vibration concentration phenomenon on the slope within that time range. In this process, to ensure the continuity of the analysis, the vibration attenuation curve of the previous blasting round is spliced ​​with the vibration rise curve of the subsequent blasting round, so that the vibration superposition trend is continuously presented on the time axis. Through this continuous splicing and comparison method, the process of the dynamic effects of multiple blasting events gradually converging over time can be observed. Time periods where the vibration intensity is locally concentrated and the peak phase is close are marked as potential dynamic superposition sections. At this time, the change pattern of vibration intensity in the entire time series gradually changes from a dispersed distribution to a local aggregation, forming a visualized concentration trend. This analysis not only reveals the relative intensity relationship of vibration peaks but also reflects the energy overlap effect formed by multiple blasts over time.

[0026] After identifying vibration concentration zones, these concentrated variation characteristics are transformed into a temporally continuous expression, generating a time-concentration trajectory reflecting the degree of vibration concentration. Using time as the horizontal axis, the identified peak points and their corresponding vibration intensities within a continuous time range are plotted as vertical parameters, forming a continuous curve of vibration intensity changes on the time axis. For vibration concentration zones, this is represented on the time-concentration trajectory as areas of dense curve overlap, rapid amplitude increases, or continuous fluctuations. In this way, the entire time-concentration trajectory can intuitively reflect the concentrated trend of the dynamic response of the slope under multiple blasting operations. To ensure the temporal continuity of the trajectory, the entire segment between the initiation time, peak occurrence time, vibration end time, and the initiation time of the next blasting round for each blasting event is retained during the generation process, ensuring that the trajectory has no breaks or intervals in the time series. The generated time-concentration trajectory contains both continuous distribution information of vibration peaks and temporal clustering characteristics of vibration intensity, providing a foundation for subsequent identification of vibration superposition zones, analysis of dynamic concentration characteristics, and formulation of blasting rhythm adjustment strategies.

[0027] By identifying continuous time segments where vibrations recur repeatedly through time-concentrated trajectories, and combining this time segment with information on changes in blasting intervals, charge arrangements, and mining and stripping advance, a list of operational risks with potential dynamic superposition hazards is formed. After generating the time-concentrated trajectory, in order to transform the vibration concentration phenomenon into a risk basis that can guide actual governance decisions, it is necessary to identify continuous time segments in which vibration concentration repeatedly occurs in the time dimension. Combining these segments with changes in blasting intervals, charge arrangements, and mining and stripping advance, the system extracts potential dynamic superposition risk information, forming a risk list that can be used to guide slope governance operations. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the time-concentrated trajectory, the entire blasting time series is continuously scanned to determine the specific time segments where vibration concentration occurs. To accurately define these segments, the changing trends of the time-concentrated trajectory are analyzed point by point along the time axis, with continuous high-amplitude regions in the vibration intensity curve being the focus of observation. When the curve shows dense peaks, a sustained increase in amplitude, and a significant shortening of the intervals between different peaks within a certain period, it is determined that there is a trend of multiple blasting vibrations superimposed within that period. In the identification process, the starting time of each concentration trend is defined as the moment when the vibration intensity begins to rise continuously, and the ending time is defined as the moment when the vibration intensity returns to stability and the peak density decreases significantly. In this way, the entire time series is divided into multiple continuous time segments, each of which fully encompasses the entire process from energy accumulation to energy release. To avoid omissions, the transition time between adjacent segments is retained when dividing the segments, ensuring that the segments are connected in time without gaps. The resulting time segment distribution clearly shows the frequency, duration, and intensity variation characteristics of vibration concentration during blasting operations, providing a temporal basis for subsequent risk assessment.

[0028] After determining the time intervals, the changes in blasting intervals within each interval are analyzed to determine the superposition pattern of continuous blasting over time. Specifically, the initiation time of each blasting event is compared with the initiation time of the next blast, the time interval between adjacent blasts is calculated, and a blasting interval variation curve is plotted within each time interval. By observing the trend of this curve within the time interval, if a trend of successively shortening blasting intervals is observed, it indicates that the blasting frequency is increasing, and the vibration wave attenuation process is not yet complete before being superimposed by a new blast wave. To ensure the accuracy of the time information, the end time of the previous round of vibration response is recorded for each blasting event, and the time difference is compared with the initiation time of the next round. When the time difference is less than the duration of the previous round of vibration response, it indicates that the vibration has not completely attenuated. This period is then marked as a potential dynamic superposition period. Using this method, time intervals where continuous blasting occurs and energy is not fully released before another blast occurs can be clearly identified during the blasting process. Within each time interval, the average blasting interval, minimum blasting interval, longest blasting interval, and number of adjacent blasting events are recorded to provide a quantitative time basis for subsequent comparison of energy and operational parameters.

[0029] After understanding the characteristics of blasting interval changes, a detailed analysis was conducted on the changes in charge arrangement and mining / stripping advance within the same time period. First, the charge quantity, charge structure, number of boreholes, borehole depth, detonation charge location, and charge density for each blasting event were extracted. These data were arranged chronologically and correlated with the blasting interval data obtained in the previous step. If a continuous increase in charge quantity or adjustment of borehole structure leads to concentrated blasting energy release within a certain time period, and the blasting interval in that period is relatively short, then the risk of vibration superposition in that section is considered high. Second, combined with the mining / stripping advance plan, data on slope advance step distance, advance direction, mining / stripping layer thickness, and slope angle changes within that time period were extracted. When the advance step distance increases, the advance direction aligns with the blasting direction, and the slope angle increases, it indicates that the slope constraint conditions are weakened, and blasting energy is more likely to accumulate and propagate within the slope. During the analysis, the charge change data was overlaid with the mining / stripping advance information to establish a correspondence between blasting energy release and slope structure response within a time period. For example, if, within a certain section, the charge amount in three consecutive blasts increases by more than 30% compared to the previous period, while the mining and stripping advance rate increases and the unloading area at the toe of the slope expands, then this period is identified as a high-energy release superposition zone. Through this specific comparison, the cumulative effect of dynamics over time can be identified from both blasting parameters and geological responses, making the risk identification results more physically grounded.

[0030] After synthesizing the results of time-concentration trajectories, changes in blasting intervals, changes in charge arrangement, and changes in mining and stripping advance, an operational risk list is generated. In practice, each time segment is treated as an independent recording unit, listing the start time, end time, average blasting interval, minimum blasting interval, maximum charge quantity, changes in charge structure, changes in advance step distance, changes in slope angle, energy release trend, and vibration concentration characteristics of that segment. Each segment is classified into three risk levels—high risk, medium risk, and low risk—based on the number and degree of overlap of risk factors. High-risk segments are typically characterized by a simultaneous occurrence of shortened blasting intervals, increased charge quantity, and accelerated mining and stripping advance; medium-risk segments are characterized by the simultaneous presence of two of these factors; and low-risk segments exhibit only a single fluctuation in blasting frequency or energy changes. To facilitate subsequent decision-making, the risk list is organized in tabular form, with each row corresponding to a time segment and each column corresponding to a risk factor parameter. For each high-risk segment, its peak vibration intensity range, duration, and main affected locations are added to indicate potential slope slip risk areas. This approach to data collection not only clearly demonstrates the distribution characteristics of dynamic superposition hazards but also reflects the coupling relationship between energy changes and operational conditions within each time period. This list can serve as a direct basis for subsequent adjustments to blasting rhythm, optimization of operational sequences, and formulation of slope management strategies, providing a structured and traceable time-based basis for the dynamic safety control of open-pit coal mine slopes under continuous blasting conditions.

[0031] Based on the operational risk list, the blasting implementation plan is rearranged in segments, dividing the continuous blasting activities into multiple staggered operational phases. For each operational phase, a vibration control range and minimum time interval requirement are set, generating a staggered blasting execution plan. After completing the operational risk list, in order to effectively reduce the cumulative effect of multiple rounds of micro-delay blasting over time, the original blasting implementation schedule needs to be reorganized. This involves rearranging the continuous blasting operations in segments to create a structured rhythm where blasting activities are executed in staggered time. During the rearrangement process, specific vibration control ranges and minimum time intervals are set for different operational stages to form a blasting execution plan that can dynamically adapt to site conditions. The specific implementation steps are as follows: The time segments in the operational risk list are analyzed and classified to determine the initial scope of the rearrangement segments. Based on the risk level of each time segment in the risk list, high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk segments are extracted, and corresponding time series lists are established. During the analysis, the start and end times of each high-risk segment are used as key markers, and their times are compared with adjacent medium-risk segments to determine whether these segments are temporally continuous or partially overlapping. When multiple high-risk segments are temporally adjacent and have a long duration, they are considered as the same continuous high-risk time band, requiring priority adjustment of the operational rhythm. In this way, scattered risk segments can be integrated into continuous time units. Subsequently, using the high-risk time band as the center, adjacent medium-risk and low-risk time segments are assigned to the same operational segment, ensuring that each segment includes a complete blasting and response cycle. Each segment must cover the entire process from detonation preparation to vibration decay stabilization to ensure the integrity of each operational segment during subsequent adjustments. This segmented approach divides the entire blasting operation into several independently manageable phases, laying the foundation for subsequent rhythm adjustments.

[0032] After determining the initial segments, the blasting activities within each segment are rearranged to create a staggered execution structure for consecutive blasts. Specifically, the blasting events within each segment are first numbered and arranged according to their original detonation times. Then, referring to the blasting intervals, charge quantities, and vibration intensity data for each blasting event in the risk list, events with excessively short intervals or excessively high vibration intensity are identified and adjusted. For multiple blasting events within the same segment, if the interval between two adjacent blasts is shorter than the aforementioned vibration decay time, the detonation time of the subsequent blast is postponed during rearrangement to create a safe time interval between it and the preceding blast. Throughout this process, the blasting sequence within each segment remains relatively stable, ensuring that the rearrangement does not disrupt the original operational plan's execution logic. When three or more consecutive blasting events experience vibration intensities exceeding the control range, additional non-blasting intervals are inserted to redistribute the operational rhythm of that segment across a wider time scale, thus creating a staggered execution structure between multiple blasting activities. In this way, the continuous blasting events are reorganized on the timeline, reducing the possibility of energy superposition and mutual interference between vibration peaks.

[0033] After rearranging the blasting sequence, specific vibration control ranges and minimum time intervals are set for each operational phase. Based on the vibration peak distribution and blasting parameters of each section in the risk list, the maximum allowable vibration acceleration range for each operational phase is determined. For example, for operational phases divided from the original high-risk section, the vibration control range is set between 60% and 80% of the original peak value; for medium-risk sections, it is set between 80% and 100%; and for low-risk sections, the original peak value level is allowed to be maintained. When setting the minimum time interval, the time corresponding to the energy decay to 20% of the initial peak value is selected as the lower limit of the minimum time interval based on the vibration duration and energy decay curve monitored in the early stage. When formulating the blasting schedule for each operational phase, the interval between two adjacent blasts must be greater than this minimum time interval requirement. When multiple blasting types (such as shallow hole blasting and deep hole blasting) exist within a section, the interval time of deep hole blasting is extended first to avoid the overlap of high-energy blasting and low-energy blasting in time. Once the vibration control range and time interval requirements for all operational phases are finalized, they are uniformly incorporated into the blasting execution plan to form a time management baseline with clear safety constraints.

[0034] After the segmented rearrangement and control parameter settings are completed, all operational stages are reorganized chronologically to generate a staggered blasting execution plan. During integration, time is the primary axis, with each operational stage arranged according to its start time, and transition periods are reserved between adjacent stages to restore equipment condition and slope stress balance. For each stage, the detonation sequence, detonation time, allowable vibration intensity range, and operation interval are clearly defined, enabling personnel to operate according to unified standards. During the plan generation process, control parameters for different stages are cross-checked to ensure that vibration levels do not suddenly increase during the transition between adjacent stages. Each operational stage is assigned an independent time marker and execution number for real-time recording and dynamic adjustment during on-site execution. Through this structured integration, the entire blasting activity transforms from a continuous, concentrated state to a staggered, intermittent execution state, with blasting energy fully dispersed along the time axis, effectively mitigating the cumulative effect of vibration. The final blasting execution plan not only includes the time arrangement and control standards for each stage but also forms a complete time sequence document, providing a basis for on-site scheduling and subsequent dynamic adjustments.

[0035] According to the blasting execution plan, the operation rhythm before and after the risk time section is adjusted in real time. A short operation interval is introduced before the key section, and the detonation time sequence is adjusted according to real-time monitoring data. At the same time, the change in the mining and stripping advance rhythm is coordinated so that the vibration impact generated by multiple blasts is dispersed in time to prevent the concentrated accumulation of power from causing the overall slope to slide. After completing the staggered blasting execution plan, to ensure that blasting operations can be dynamically adapted to changes in the geological environment, work progress, and vibration response during actual production, it is necessary to adjust the work rhythm in real time before and after the risky time section during the execution phase. This is achieved by introducing short work breaks before the critical section, dynamically adjusting the detonation time sequence, and coordinating the mining and stripping advance rhythm, so that blasting activities are carried out in a dispersed manner over time, thereby preventing the concentrated accumulation of kinetic energy in a short period of time and thus preventing overall slope slippage. The specific implementation steps are as follows: A dynamic identification mechanism for risk time zones is established during the blasting execution phase to clearly define the starting point for real-time adjustments. In practice, based on the pre-established blasting execution plan, high-risk and medium-risk zones in the operational risk list are mapped to the actual operation schedule, with warning time windows set before and after each risk zone. The range of this time window is determined based on the slope rock mass characteristics, vibration duration, and monitoring signal transmission delay, generally extending by one complete blasting response cycle before and after. During operations, the detonation time, vibration response changes, and mining / stripping advance position changes are continuously recorded to determine in real time whether the current operation has entered a risk time window. When monitoring signals indicate an abnormal concentration trend in the blasting response or the vibration peak approaches the control limit, the rhythm adjustment plan is immediately triggered. This ensures that adjustments are initiated before the arrival of the risk concentration zone, providing a buffer time for subsequent intermittent introduction and timing adjustments.

[0036] After confirming the entry into the risk window, the pace of operations before the critical section is slowed down in stages, and short operational breaks are introduced. In implementation, firstly, based on the detonation schedule of the current operational phase, the detonation time of the last round of blasting before the risk window is postponed by a certain time. The postponement duration is determined based on the vibration attenuation curve of the previous round of blasting, ensuring that the vibration response of the previous round of blasting has completely dissipated. Subsequently, subsequent charging and detonation preparation operations are suspended during this postponement period, forming a short operational break. This break is used not only to eliminate the effects of residual vibration but also to restore the internal stress balance of the slope and the stability of the pore water pressure distribution in the rock mass. During the break, mining and stripping operations remain stationary, and no mechanical unloading or loading operations are performed to prevent the superimposed external forces from affecting the overall stress state of the slope. After the break, based on the vibration acceleration change trend and microseismic energy recovery characteristics monitored on-site, the blasting recovery time point is determined, allowing blasting activities to return to a safe pace. By introducing this pre-introduced work interval, the time distance between consecutive blasts can be effectively extended, allowing the vibration wave to be fully attenuated in the propagation path, thereby reducing the probability of energy overlap in the time dimension of multiple blasts.

[0037] After the intermission period, the subsequent detonation sequence is adjusted on a rolling basis to ensure that the temporal distribution of blasting activities is coordinated with the changes in slope vibration response. Specifically, the detonation sequence of the next stage in the original blasting plan is compared with the actual vibration attenuation results. If the planned detonation time is found to be within the time range where the vibration response has not fully stabilized, the execution sequence of that detonation event is postponed, and the blasting events in subsequent low-risk sections are executed earlier, thus rearranging the blasting sequence. During the rolling adjustment process, the time interval between each adjustment is maintained at no less than the minimum time interval requirement set in the previous stage to ensure that the blasting activities are always within a safe control range. If monitoring data shows that the vibration intensity decreases faster than expected after blasting, the next detonation time can be appropriately advanced, but the time interval must still be ensured to be no less than the minimum safety limit. Through this real-time adjustment method, the blasting detonation sequence can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual changes in slope vibration, making the temporal distribution of blasting activities more uniform and avoiding the concentrated superposition of multiple blasting responses. At the same time, all adjustment records are recorded in the execution log in chronological order, providing a traceable basis for subsequent dynamic optimization.

[0038] Based on the adjustment of the detonation sequence, the mining and stripping advance rhythm is synchronized and coordinated to ensure that the overall stress changes on the slope match the rhythm of the blasting activities. In specific implementation, the advance speed and operational intensity of the mining and stripping equipment are dynamically adjusted according to the spatial range and advance direction of the current blasting stage. When continuous blasting causes local rock loosening or an expansion of the vibration propagation range, the mining and stripping advance speed is temporarily reduced to allow the local stress on the slope to be gradually released over time. For the recovery phase after the risk period, the advance interval is appropriately extended to allow the slope sufficient time to complete the natural stabilization process after experiencing blasting disturbance. While adjusting the advance speed, the mining and stripping direction is corrected, prioritizing advance paths perpendicular to the blast face or inclined towards stable areas to avoid overlapping with the direction of blasting energy propagation. When continuous blasting activities enter a low-risk section, the normal advance rhythm is gradually restored. Through this coordination of blasting and mining rhythms, the overall stress state of the slope and the changes in blasting vibrations are kept in dynamic equilibrium, thereby maintaining a stable and safe state throughout the entire operation cycle. Ultimately, the blasting rhythm, the sequence of detonation times, and the mining and stripping advance rate together form a closed-loop control relationship, which fully disperses the vibration effects generated by multiple blasts over time, allows the dynamic energy to be released evenly, and continuously ensures the stability of the slope under dynamic conditions.

[0039] This invention achieves dynamic identification and process control of the vibration effects of multiple rounds of micro-delay blasting by introducing continuous monitoring and time series correlation analysis during open-pit coal mine slope treatment. Through continuous acquisition and processing of blasting initiation time, vibration response, and micro-vibration energy, the concentrated variation characteristics of blasting energy over time can be captured in a timely manner, and vibration superposition zones can be dynamically identified. This allows for advance adjustment of the operation rhythm before blasting, effectively dispersing the vibration impact over time. This method enables the slope treatment process to adjust in real time according to changes in working conditions, improving the adaptability of treatment measures to actual dynamic responses.

[0040] This invention achieves synchronous matching between blasting activities and slope stability by segmenting and rearranging the blasting schedule and coordinating the rhythm, proactively introducing brief pauses before high-risk sections, and continuously adjusting the detonation sequence and mining / stripping advance rhythm based on real-time monitoring results. By controlling the vibration range and minimum time interval of each stage, it avoids the cumulative release of energy from multiple blasts in a short period, reduces the risk of slippage caused by amplified dynamic disturbances, and maintains a stable stress state on the slope throughout the continuous mining cycle, thereby improving the operational safety and continuous production efficiency of open-pit mines.

[0041] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent control of dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the rhythm of slope treatment operations, continuously collect information on micro-delay blasting initiation time, slope vibration changes, and micro-seismic energy changes. Organize the collected data into a record of the correspondence between blasting time sequence and slope vibration response to form a basic dataset. Statistical analysis was conducted on the relationship between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response over a continuous time range. The relationship between the vibration peak values ​​and the concentrated variation characteristics of the vibration intensity were analyzed. The superposition signs of the effects of multiple blasts in the time dimension were extracted, and a time-concentrated trajectory was generated. By identifying continuous time segments where vibrations recur repeatedly through time-concentrated trajectories, and combining this time segment with information on changes in blasting intervals, charge arrangements, and mining and stripping advance, a list of operational risks with potential dynamic superposition hazards is formed. Based on the operational risk list, the blasting implementation plan is rearranged in segments, dividing the continuous blasting activities into multiple staggered operational phases. For each operational phase, a vibration control range and minimum time interval requirement are set, and a blasting execution plan is generated. In accordance with the blasting execution plan, the work rhythm before and after the risk time section is adjusted in real time. A short work interval is introduced before the key section, and the detonation time sequence is adjusted based on real-time monitoring data. At the same time, the changes in the mining and stripping advance rhythm are coordinated so that the vibration impact generated by multiple blasts is dispersed over time.

2. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a basic dataset based on the pace of slope stabilization operations are as follows: The monitoring deployment and time reference are unified. Multiple monitoring points are set up according to the slope spatial structure, rock mass joint distribution and mining advance direction, and synchronous recording is achieved through time reference signals. After time synchronization is completed, continuous data acquisition is carried out. The moment of detonation is recorded according to the blasting plan, and information on vibration changes and micro-vibration energy changes is collected so that the entire process of vibration waves is completely recorded. After the data collection was completed, the time sequence was organized and the corresponding relationship was constructed. The detonation time of each round of blasting was used as the time axis marker. The vibration acceleration curves and energy change curves of different monitoring points were matched and a time sequence record was formed. After the data is organized, a unified integration is performed. Response entries are established with the blasting event as the main thread, and the detonation time, monitoring point location, vibration acceleration change, peak occurrence time, total energy release, and decay end time are uniformly expressed to form a basic dataset for subsequent analysis.

3. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, During the unified operation of monitoring deployment and time reference, monitoring points are distributed at different elevations at the top of the slope, the middle of the slope, the foot of the slope, and inside the slope. The spacing between monitoring points is determined according to the wave velocity characteristics of the rock mass. All monitoring devices are connected to a unified time reference signal, and time synchronization is achieved through manual time calibration and test signal calibration, so that the data collected at each location remains consistent in time.

4. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for generating time-concentrated trajectories are as follows: The relationship between the blasting time sequence and the slope vibration response was recorded and divided into time segments. Based on the continuity of the blasting operation, the blasting activities were divided into adjacent time segments according to the blasting time sequence, and the vibration change curves in each segment were extracted. After the time intervals are divided, the vibration curves of each time interval are identified and arranged in time sequence. The time of peak occurrence, duration of vibration and changes in vibration intensity are recorded to form a continuous peak distribution sequence. After the peak sequence is formed, the time interval between adjacent peaks is compared with the intensity change to identify the time period of concentrated change in vibration intensity and mark the dynamic superposition trend. After identification, the concentrated change features are plotted with time as the horizontal axis and vibration intensity as the vertical axis to generate a continuously distributed time-concentrated trajectory.

5. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for identifying areas of concentrated vibration and creating a list of operational risks are as follows: Based on the time-concentrated trajectory, the blasting time sequence is continuously scanned, the changing trend of the vibration intensity curve is analyzed along the time axis, the time segment where the vibration concentration occurs is determined, and the time connection between the segments is maintained. After determining the time interval, the changes in the blasting interval of each section are analyzed. By comparing the initiation time of adjacent blasts with the end time of vibration response, the dynamic superposition section caused by continuous blasting is identified. After understanding the characteristics of blasting interval changes, the changes in charge arrangement and mining advance in the same time period are compared to extract information on charge amount, borehole structure, advance step distance and slope angle changes, and form the correspondence between energy release and slope response. After the analysis is completed, the results of time intervals, blasting intervals, changes in charge and propulsion are integrated to list the start and end times, vibration concentration characteristics and energy change trends, forming an operational risk list and classifying them according to risk level.

6. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the process of forming the operational risk list, the trend of shortening blasting intervals, increasing charge volume, and accelerated mining and stripping advance within high-risk time periods are comprehensively compared. The dynamic superposition risk level is determined based on the range and duration of vibration peak intensity. At the same time, the start and end times, energy release characteristics, and main affected locations of the risk sections are recorded.

7. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steps for rescheduling the blasting operations in segments and generating staggered blasting execution plans are as follows: Analyze and classify the time segments in the operational risk list, determine the scope of rearrangement based on the risk level, and integrate adjacent risk segments into continuous time units; After the segments are determined, the blasting activities within each segment are rearranged in sequence. The initiation time is adjusted according to the blasting interval, charge amount and vibration intensity, and non-blasting interval time periods are inserted to form a staggered execution structure for the blasting activities. After the sequence is rearranged, a vibration control range and minimum time interval requirement are set for each work stage, and a safe time interval standard is formed based on the vibration peak distribution and energy decay time. After setting the parameters, all operation stages are reorganized in chronological order, the detonation sequence, vibration intensity range, and operation interval duration are clarified, and a blasting execution plan is generated to be implemented in a staggered manner.

8. The intelligent control method for dynamic stability of open-pit coal mine slope treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for real-time adjustment of the work rhythm before and after the risk period include: Establish a dynamic identification mechanism for risk time zones during the blasting execution phase, set early warning time windows based on the blasting execution plan and monitoring signals, and trigger the rhythm adjustment plan before the risk arrives in a concentrated manner; After confirming the entry into the risk time window, the pace of operations before the critical section is slowed down. The detonation time is postponed according to the vibration attenuation curve of the previous round of blasting, and a short operation interval is introduced to restore the stability of the slope stress balance. After the interval period ends, the subsequent detonation time sequence is adjusted on a rolling basis. The detonation sequence is delayed or advanced according to the vibration attenuation results, while maintaining the time interval not less than the safety limit and recording the adjustment log. After the detonation sequence is adjusted, the mining and stripping advance rhythm is synchronized and coordinated. The advance speed and direction are adjusted according to the spatial range of the blasting stage to maintain a dynamic balance between the stress state of the slope and the changes in blasting vibration.

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