Wide-band scene compatible fuze verification system, application method and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-frequency-band scene compatible fuze verification system, an application method and a medium, relates to the technical field of electronic equipment facilities, and is used for solving the technical problems of limited frequency band coverage and the like in the prior art. The system comprises a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host and a signal generation host, wherein the signal generation host is used for generating an electromagnetic signal; the power amplifier host is used for amplifying the electromagnetic signal; the multi-band transmitting antenna is used for radiating the amplified electromagnetic signal to form an electromagnetic environment; the multi-frequency-band transmitting antenna is provided with five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands; the five different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wide frequency band of 1.5 MHz to 40 GHz; and the five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands are respectively corresponding to five paths of completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DAC). Therefore, according to the application, the frequency band coverage, transportability and the like of the system can be improved through the technical characteristics of wide frequency band, dynamic / static scene compatibility and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic equipment facilities technology, and provides a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, application method and medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing complexity of the modern electromagnetic environment, radio fuses are increasingly facing interference from electromagnetic signals of various standards and wide frequency bands, including radar, communication, navigation, and data links. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability and anti-interference capability of fuses in the modern electromagnetic environment, it is necessary to build a verification system that can realistically simulate complex electromagnetic environments during the research, development, testing, and evaluation stages.

[0003] Currently, electromagnetic environment adaptability testing for radio fuses typically relies on various methods, including indoor static testing, outdoor quasi-dynamic testing, and actual operating condition dynamic testing. However, existing testing methods often have the following limitations: First, the system's frequency band coverage is limited, making it difficult to simulate modern electromagnetic signals across the entire frequency band from 1.5MHz to 40GHz; second, the system's integration and portability are insufficient, making it difficult to quickly and flexibly deploy in various locations such as indoor, outdoor, or actual operating conditions, and also making it difficult to achieve compatibility and rapid conversion between static and dynamic testing modes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, application method, and medium to solve technical problems such as limited frequency band coverage in the prior art.

[0005] On the one hand, a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system is provided, the system comprising: a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host, and a signal generation host; The signal generating host is used to generate electromagnetic signals; The power amplifier host is used to amplify the electromagnetic signal; The multi-band transmitting antenna is used to radiate amplified electromagnetic signals to create an electromagnetic environment; The multi-band transmitting antenna has five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands; the five different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wide frequency band of 1.5MHz to 40GHz; and the five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands correspond to five completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

[0006] Optionally, the five sub-transmitting antennas for different frequency bands are respectively a transmitting antenna for the 1.5MHz to 30MHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 30MHz to 800MHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 800MHz to 2GHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 2GHz to 18GHz band, and a transmitting antenna for the 18GHz to 40GHz band.

[0007] Optionally, the power amplifier host includes a power amplification module and a power supply module.

[0008] Optionally, the signal generation host includes a multi-channel digital intermediate frequency signal generation module, a signal conditioning module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module, and a chassis interface.

[0009] Optionally, in a static test scenario, one end of the power amplifier host is connected to the multi-band transmitting antenna in the test room; the other end of the power amplifier host is connected to the input end of the fuze under test on the fuze static test platform via a low-loss RF cable and an attenuator.

[0010] Optionally, in a dynamic testing scenario, one end of the power amplifier host is connected to a multi-band transmitting antenna erected in the field; the other end of the power amplifier host is connected to a signal generating host inside a shelter.

[0011] Optionally, the multi-band transmitting antenna, power amplifier host, and signal generation host are connected using a unified standard interface.

[0012] On the one hand, a method for verifying wideband compatible fuses is provided, the method comprising: After completing the static verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, the static power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze static test platform. After completing the dynamic verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, the dynamic power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze dynamic test platform. The output power values ​​of static power amplifiers and dynamic power amplifiers are compared and analyzed.

[0013] Optionally, the equivalent power density conversion formula is expressed as follows:

[0014] in, For equivalent power density, This refers to the output power of the power amplifier. This refers to the distance between the multi-band transmitting antenna and the corresponding test platform. This represents the gain of the transmitting antenna.

[0015] On the one hand, a storage medium is provided that stores computer program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement any of the above-mentioned application methods.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: In this application, the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system includes: a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host, and a signal generation host; wherein, the signal generation host is used to generate electromagnetic signals; the power amplifier host is used to amplify the electromagnetic signals; the multi-band transmitting antenna is used to radiate the amplified electromagnetic signals to form an electromagnetic environment; the multi-band transmitting antenna has 5 sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands; the 5 different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wideband of 1.5MHz to 40GHz; and the 5 sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands each correspond to 5 completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

[0017] Based on this, in this application, since the multi-band transmitting antenna has five sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands, and these five different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover the wide frequency band of 1.5MHz to 40GHz, compared with the prior art, this application can not only meet the verification of wide frequency band fuses, but also realize multi-band and multi-standard background electromagnetic simulation systems such as radar, radio, and communication base stations, and comprehensively evaluate the performance parameters of radio fuses under complex electromagnetic backgrounds. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a broadband scenario-compatible fuze verification system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dynamic / static scene provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a broadband scenario-compatible fuze verification application method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.

[0021] With the increasing complexity of the modern electromagnetic environment, radio fuses are increasingly facing interference from electromagnetic signals of various standards and wide frequency bands, including radar, communication, navigation, and data links. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability and anti-interference capability of fuses in the modern electromagnetic environment, it is necessary to build a verification system that can realistically simulate complex electromagnetic environments during the research, development, testing, and evaluation stages.

[0022] Currently, electromagnetic environment adaptability testing for radio fuses typically relies on various methods, including indoor static testing, outdoor quasi-dynamic testing, and actual operating condition dynamic testing. However, existing testing methods often have the following limitations: First, the system's frequency band coverage is limited, making it difficult to simulate modern electromagnetic signals across the entire frequency band from 1.5MHz to 40GHz; second, the system's integration and portability are insufficient, making it difficult to quickly and flexibly deploy in various locations such as indoor, outdoor, or actual operating conditions, and also making it difficult to achieve compatibility and rapid conversion between static and dynamic testing modes.

[0023] Based on this, this application provides a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, the system comprising: a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host, and a signal generation host; wherein, the signal generation host is used to generate electromagnetic signals; the power amplifier host is used to amplify the electromagnetic signals; the multi-band transmitting antenna is used to radiate the amplified electromagnetic signals to form an electromagnetic environment; the multi-band transmitting antenna has 5 sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands; the 5 different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wideband of 1.5MHz to 40GHz; and the 5 sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands correspond to 5 completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

[0024] Based on this, in this application, since the multi-band transmitting antenna has five sub-transmitting antennas of different frequency bands, and these five different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover the wide frequency band of 1.5MHz to 40GHz, compared with the prior art, this application can not only meet the verification of wide frequency band fuses, but also realize multi-band and multi-standard background electromagnetic simulation systems such as radar, radio, and communication base stations, and comprehensively evaluate the performance parameters of radio fuses under complex electromagnetic backgrounds.

[0025] After introducing the design concept of the embodiments of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the application scenarios to which the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied. It should be noted that the application scenarios described below are only for illustrating the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope. In specific implementation, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application can be flexibly applied according to actual needs.

[0026] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic block diagram of a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system provided in this application embodiment. The system includes a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host, and a signal generation host.

[0027] The signal generating host is used to generate electromagnetic signals.

[0028] The power amplifier host is used to amplify the electromagnetic signal.

[0029] The multi-band transmitting antenna is used to radiate amplified electromagnetic signals to create an electromagnetic environment.

[0030] Furthermore, during system operation, the signal generation host first generates a low-power electromagnetic signal, which is then amplified by the power amplifier host, and finally radiated by the various antennas of the multi-band transmitting antenna to form an electromagnetic environment.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the system adopts an architecture of "5 completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DACs) as the transmission source." In this architecture, the multi-band transmitting antenna has 5 sub-transmitting antennas for different frequency bands; these 5 different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wide frequency range of 1.5MHz to 40GHz; and each of the 5 sub-transmitting antennas for different frequency bands corresponds to 5 completely independent DACs. That is, each DAC is responsible for generating a signal for an independent frequency band, and through parallel processing of hardware channels, true "simultaneous" multi-band coverage is achieved, rather than pseudo-simultaneity achieved through rapid switching.

[0032] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1As shown, the power amplifier host includes a power amplification module and a power supply module. The power amplification module is also designed for five different frequency bands, achieving "frequency band matching amplification" to ensure that the signal in each frequency band receives sufficient transmission power to meet the requirements of long-distance dynamic testing. The matching power supply module provides a stable power supply to the entire power amplifier host. Based on this, this application can amplify the RF signal output by the signal generation host, compensate for spatial transmission loss, and ensure that the fuze can receive an echo signal of practical strength.

[0033] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, the signal generation host comprises a multi-channel digital intermediate frequency signal generation module, a signal conditioning module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module, and accessories such as a chassis interface. In this application, the signal generation host is the core of the entire system, realizing full-band signal generation in three stages. Internally, it generates three low-frequency radio frequency signals and two broadband intermediate frequency signals in parallel through a 1.5MHz~3GHz signal conditioning module, a 2GHz~18GHz up-conversion module, and an 18GHz~40GHz up-conversion module.

[0034] The control keys and chassis interface provide human-machine interaction and external communication, enabling test parameter configuration, mode switching, and data exchange, serving as the control center of the entire system. The multi-channel digital intermediate frequency (IF) signal generation module can be configured with five different frequency bands: 5MHz~30MHz, 30MHz~800MHz, 800MHz~3GHz, 1.2GHz~2.4GHz, and 1.2GHz~2.4GHz. This allows for the generation of baseband / IF signals of target echoes in the digital domain, simulating the Doppler, range, and velocity characteristics of different targets. The 1.5MHz~3GHz signal conditioning module can directly condition low-frequency IF signals to output corresponding RF signals. The 2GHz~18GHz and 18GHz~40GHz upconversion modules can upconvert IF signals to higher microwave / millimeter-wave bands, covering high-frequency testing requirements from 2-40GHz. The accompanying power supply module provides power to the entire signal generation host.

[0035] In one possible implementation, such as Figure 1As shown, the five sub-transmitting antennas for different frequency bands can be transmitting antennas in the 1.5MHz–30MHz band, 30MHz–800MHz band, 800MHz–2GHz band, 2GHz–18GHz band, and 18GHz–40GHz band, respectively. Based on this, this application can wirelessly radiate the amplified radio frequency signal to the corresponding test platform, thereby simulating the echo of a real target. That is, the system divides the entire 1.5MHz–40GHz band into five physically independent radio frequency / intermediate frequency channels for processing and amplification, as shown in Table 1, which is a relationship table of signal processing for each channel provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] Table 1

[0037] As can be seen from Table 1, the maximum instantaneous coverage bandwidth of the system is the sum of the bandwidths of the five channels when they are working simultaneously: 28.5MHz + 770MHz + 1200MHz + 1200MHz + 1200MHz = 4398.5MHz.

[0038] In one possible implementation, to achieve portability and compatibility with both dynamic and static scenarios, as described in this application, Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of a dynamic / static scenario provided in an embodiment of this application. Whether it is static testing or dynamic testing, the system uses the same set of multi-band transmitting antenna, power amplifier host and signal generation host, which provides the same hardware guarantee for constructing static or dynamic scenarios of arbitrary complexity, and forms a complete closed loop of "design-simulation-static verification-dynamic assessment".

[0039] Specifically, in static testing scenarios, the system can run in a laboratory anechoic chamber or test room. Based on this, when deploying system components, such as... Figure 2 As shown, there are two types of static test links.

[0040] Among them, the first type of static test link is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in "Link 1," the signal generation host is directly connected to the input terminal of the fuze under test on the fuze static test platform (a wired test bench in a laboratory environment used for parameter calibration, static sensitivity testing, and circuit function verification of the fuze before it leaves the factory, providing a benchmark reference for dynamic testing). Based on this, this application can perform static performance calibration, parameter calibration, and functional testing of the fuze in a laboratory environment via a direct wired connection, without involving real flight scenarios, for establishing benchmarks and troubleshooting basic faults.

[0041] The second type of static test link is as follows: Figure 2The "link 2" shown is for providing high-power excitation to the static test platform to achieve power distribution. In this application, when deploying the static test components, one end of the power amplifier host can be connected to the multi-band transmitting antenna in the test room; the other end of the power amplifier host can be connected to the input end of the fuze under test of the fuze static test platform through a low-loss RF cable and an attenuator.

[0042] In dynamic testing scenarios, when deploying system components, such as Figure 2 As shown, one end of the power amplifier host can be connected to a multi-band transmitting antenna erected in the field; the other end of the power amplifier host can be connected to a signal generating host inside a shelter. Furthermore, a static fuze test platform (used to verify the dynamic trigger response performance of the fuze under actual flight attitude, distance, and speed) can be used to simulate the test environment of the target object's trajectory. For example, the test space dimensions can be set to a vertical height of 50m and a horizontal distance of 40m, with the target object flying from the launch area towards the static fuze test platform.

[0043] Based on this, this application can simulate the target echo and electromagnetic environment during the actual flight of various objects by using the wireless radiation of multi-band transmitting antennas, and verify the performance of the fuse under dynamic working conditions, such as trigger response logic, anti-interference ability, and effective range.

[0044] In one possible implementation, in order to ensure that the system can be deployed in different locations without changing the internal connections or adapters, in this application, the multi-band transmitting antenna, power amplifier host and signal generation host are connected using a unified standard interface. For example, the system can use a unified N-type RF interface or a circular electrical connector to keep the interface consistent.

[0045] The following will describe the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification method of this application embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figure 3 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating a broadband scenario-compatible fuze verification application method provided in this application embodiment. This method can... Figure 1 The method is implemented using a wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system. The specific process is described below.

[0047] Step 301: After completing the static verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, calculate the static power amplifier output power value using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze static test platform.

[0048] Specifically, it can be done through Figure 1The same set of hardware equipment shown completes the fuze performance index test in a static scenario, and records the test signal parameters and the input power value of the fuze access port during the static test.

[0049] Based on this, after static verification is completed, the static power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze static test platform. The equivalent power density conversion formula is expressed as follows:

[0050] in, For equivalent power density, This refers to the output power of the power amplifier. This refers to the distance between the multi-band transmitting antenna and the corresponding test platform (i.e., during static testing, this distance is the distance between the multi-band transmitting antenna and the static test platform of the fuze; during dynamic testing, this distance is the distance between the multi-band transmitting antenna and the static test platform of the fuze). This represents the gain of the transmitting antenna.

[0051] Step 302: After completing the dynamic verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, calculate the dynamic power amplifier output power value using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze dynamic test platform.

[0052] Specifically, it can also be done through Figure 1 The same set of hardware equipment shown was used to test the fuze performance in dynamic scenarios, and the same test signal parameters as those used in static test scenarios were used for testing.

[0053] Based on this, after the dynamic verification is completed, the static power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the static test platform of the fuze.

[0054] Step 303: Compare and analyze the output power values ​​of the static power amplifier and the dynamic power amplifier.

[0055] Specifically, by comparing the static power amplifier output power value (steady-state reference) with the dynamic power amplifier output power value (instantaneous fluctuation), the inherent deviation of the power amplifier and dynamic distortion can be accurately distinguished. This avoids the aliasing of the two types of errors, which would lead to a deterioration in calibration accuracy. It provides a basis for judgment on adaptive adjustment of front-end link gain, multi-channel error linkage calibration, and dynamic power consumption control.

[0056] In summary, in this application, since the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system must possess core performance characteristics such as wide frequency coverage (1.5MHz~40GHz) and large coverage bandwidth (≥4GHz), while supporting rapid setup and dismantling, and enabling convenient connection through a unified standard interface (e.g., N-type, circular electrical connectors, etc.), it can meet the comprehensive, efficient, and repeatable evaluation requirements for the anti-interference performance, adaptability to complex electromagnetic environments, and practical application capabilities of radio fuzes in various environments such as indoor fields, outdoor fields, or actual working conditions.

[0057] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the methods provided in this application can also be implemented as a program product comprising program code that, when run on a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the steps of the methods according to the various exemplary embodiments of this application described above. For example, the computer device may perform actions such as... Figure 1 The method performed by the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system in the illustrated embodiment.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks. Alternatively, if the integrated units of this application are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of software products. These computer software products are stored in a storage medium and include several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0059] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A wideband scene-compatible fuze verification system, characterized in that, The system includes: a multi-band transmitting antenna, a power amplifier host, and a signal generation host; The signal generating host is used to generate electromagnetic signals; The power amplifier host is used to amplify the electromagnetic signal; The multi-band transmitting antenna is used to radiate amplified electromagnetic signals to create an electromagnetic environment; The multi-band transmitting antenna has five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands; the five different frequency bands simultaneously and seamlessly cover a wide frequency band of 1.5MHz to 40GHz; and the five sub-transmitting antennas with different frequency bands correspond to five completely independent digital-to-analog converters (DACs).

2. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The five sub-transmitting antennas for different frequency bands are respectively a transmitting antenna for the 1.5MHz to 30MHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 30MHz to 800MHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 800MHz to 2GHz band, a transmitting antenna for the 2GHz to 18GHz band, and a transmitting antenna for the 18GHz to 40GHz band.

3. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power amplifier host includes a power amplification module and a power supply module.

4. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The signal generation host includes a multi-channel digital intermediate frequency signal generation module, a signal conditioning module, an up-conversion module, a power supply module, and a chassis interface.

5. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the static test scenario, one end of the power amplifier host is connected to the multi-band transmitting antenna in the test room; the other end of the power amplifier host is connected to the input end of the fuze under test on the fuze static test platform through a low-loss RF cable and an attenuator.

6. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the dynamic testing scenario, one end of the power amplifier host is connected to a multi-band transmitting antenna set up in the field; the other end of the power amplifier host is connected to a signal generating host inside the shelter.

7. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-band transmitting antenna, power amplifier host, and signal generation host are connected using a unified standard interface.

8. A method for applying the system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The application methods include: After completing the static verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, the static power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze static test platform. After completing the dynamic verification of the wideband scenario-compatible fuze verification system, the dynamic power amplifier output power value is calculated using the equivalent power density conversion formula, equivalent power density, transmit antenna gain, and the distance between the multi-band transmit antenna and the fuze dynamic test platform. The output power values ​​of static power amplifiers and dynamic power amplifiers are compared and analyzed.

9. The application method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The equivalent power density conversion formula is expressed as follows: in, For equivalent power density, This refers to the output power of the power amplifier. This refers to the distance between the multi-band transmitting antenna and the corresponding test platform. This represents the gain of the transmitting antenna.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the application method as described in any one of claims 8-9.

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