Method for downloading automobile software package at high speed

Abstract

The invention provides a method for downloading an automobile software package at a high speed, and relates to the technical field of automobile OTA upgrade.The method comprises the steps that an OTA platform divides a software upgrade package into a plurality of data fragments and generates a fragment list; the vehicle node downloads the data fragments from the OTA platform or other vehicle nodes; the vehicle node registers as a downloading source after downloading successfully; and the vehicle node combines all the downloaded data fragments to complete upgrade package acquisition. According to the method, the downloading load is dispersed to a plurality of nodes through a cooperative distribution mechanism among the vehicle nodes, so that the bandwidth bottleneck problem of a traditional centralized server during large-scale concurrent downloading is effectively solved, the downloading efficiency is remarkably improved, the server pressure is reduced, and the method is particularly suitable for a large-scale OTA upgrading scene of an intelligent networked vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive OTA upgrade technology, and in particular to a method for high-speed download of automotive software packages. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of automotive intelligence, OTA technology has been widely applied in automobiles. OTA helps OEMs quickly resolve after-sales issues and update products. Due to the large number of vehicles involved and their wide geographical distribution, OTA upgrades are essential in this situation. However, OTA in this context faces a problem: the sheer number of vehicles, especially inventory vehicles, leads to highly concentrated vehicle locations. Pushing OTA tasks under these conditions results in massive downloads, placing immense pressure on servers and causing issues such as excessively long download times, download failures, and increased bandwidth consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical defects and drawbacks existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for high-speed download of automotive software packages to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, the specific solution of which is as follows;

[0004] A method for high-speed download of automotive software packages includes the following steps:

[0005] The OTA platform will process the complete software upgrade package into data fragments, generating multiple data fragments;

[0006] Multiple vehicle nodes download one or more of the data fragments from the OTA platform;

[0007] After successfully downloading a data fragment, the first vehicle node uses it as a download source for the second vehicle node to download the same data fragment.

[0008] The second vehicle node downloads the required data fragments from the first vehicle node and / or the OTA platform, and combines all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package.

[0009] In some embodiments, data fragmentation processing specifically includes:

[0010] The OTA platform dynamically determines the optimal data fragment size and number of fragments based on the total size of the software upgrade package and the network status parameters of the target vehicle group.

[0011] The OTA platform divides the software upgrade package into multiple independent data fragments based on the determined data fragment size and number of fragments using a fragmentation algorithm;

[0012] The OTA platform generates a unique identifier and a hash checksum for each data shard to verify data integrity, and creates a shard list that records the identifiers of all data shards and their logical order in the complete upgrade package.

[0013] In some embodiments, the downloading of data fragments from the OTA platform by the vehicle node specifically includes:

[0014] The vehicle node sends a data fragment download request to the OTA platform, and the download request carries at least the identification information of the vehicle node;

[0015] After receiving the download request, the OTA platform determines one or more data fragments to be downloaded for the vehicle node based on the current distribution of available download sources for each data fragment. Among them, data fragments with a current number of available download sources lower than a preset threshold are preferentially allocated to the vehicle node.

[0016] The OTA platform returns a response message to the vehicle node, the response message containing the identity identifier of the data fragment to be downloaded assigned to the vehicle node;

[0017] The vehicle node initiates a download operation for the data fragment to the OTA platform or other vehicle nodes that have registered as download sources, based on the received identity identifier.

[0018] In some embodiments, after successfully downloading a data fragment, the first vehicle node uses it as a download source for the second vehicle node to download the data fragment, specifically including:

[0019] After successfully downloading and verifying a data fragment, the first vehicle node sends a registration request to the OTA platform. The registration request carries at least the identity identifier of the data fragment and the network address information of the first vehicle node.

[0020] After receiving the registration request, the OTA platform adds the first vehicle node to the list of available download sources corresponding to the data shard.

[0021] When the second vehicle node needs to download a specific data fragment, it sends a query request to the OTA platform. The query request carries at least the identity identifier of the specific data fragment.

[0022] The OTA platform queries the list of available download sources corresponding to the specific data shard according to the query request, and returns a query response to the second vehicle node. The query response contains all or part of the download source information in the list of available download sources.

[0023] The second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources based on the received query response, and initiates a download operation for the specific data fragment to that download source.

[0024] In some embodiments, when the second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources, it makes a decision based on a selection strategy, which includes:

[0025] Obtain the evaluation parameters for each candidate download source in the list of available download sources. The evaluation parameters include at least the network connection quality parameters between the candidate download source and the candidate download source, the current load parameters of the candidate download source, and the geographical distance parameters between the candidate download source and the second vehicle node.

[0026] Based on the preset weighting rules, the evaluation parameters of each candidate download source are weighted and calculated to obtain a comprehensive score;

[0027] Select the candidate download source with the highest overall score as the target download source.

[0028] In some embodiments, when the second vehicle node selects to download data fragments from other vehicle nodes, the second vehicle node establishes a direct communication connection with the other vehicle nodes that are the download source through a point-to-point communication protocol, and transmits the data fragments through this connection.

[0029] In some embodiments, when the second vehicle node initiates a download operation for a data fragment to other vehicle nodes, the method further includes:

[0030] The second vehicle node performs two-way authentication with other vehicle nodes that serve as download sources;

[0031] After successful verification, the other vehicle nodes acting as download sources transmit the data fragments to the second vehicle node using an encrypted transmission protocol.

[0032] In some embodiments, the second vehicle node combining all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package specifically includes:

[0033] After each data fragment is successfully downloaded, the second vehicle node uses the hash checksum corresponding to the data fragment to perform integrity verification.

[0034] If the verification fails, the data fragment will be downloaded again; if the verification succeeds, the data fragment will be marked as valid.

[0035] When all data shards are marked as valid, the second vehicle node concatenates all valid data shards in sequence according to the logical order of the data shards recorded in the shard list, and reconstructs a complete software upgrade package.

[0036] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0037] The OTA platform periodically acquires the distribution information of available download sources for each data segment;

[0038] When the OTA platform detects that the number of available download sources for a specific data fragment is continuously lower than a first preset threshold for a preset duration, the OTA platform selects one or more target vehicle nodes from the current vehicle nodes and sends a scheduling instruction to the target vehicle nodes. The scheduling instruction instructs the target vehicle nodes to download the specific data fragment from the OTA platform.

[0039] In some embodiments, the method is applied to an online vehicle upgrade scenario, wherein the OTA platform is an online upgrade service platform deployed by a car manufacturer or service provider, the software upgrade package is a firmware upgrade package for the vehicle's electronic control unit or a software update package for the in-vehicle infotainment system, and the vehicle node is an intelligent connected vehicle with wireless communication capabilities.

[0040] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] This invention discloses a method for high-speed download of automotive software packages. By fragmenting the upgrade package and utilizing vehicle nodes as download sources, a distributed content distribution network is constructed. This method fundamentally solves the bandwidth bottleneck problem caused by the large number of concurrent downloads from a traditional centralized server. Since download requests are distributed across multiple vehicle nodes, rather than just the OTA platform, the load on the OTA platform server and network traffic pressure are significantly reduced. Simultaneously, point-to-point transmission between vehicle nodes is generally more direct and efficient than all vehicles connecting to a remote server via mobile networks, thus significantly improving overall download speed and efficiency, reducing download failure rates due to server timeouts or network congestion, and ensuring the smooth execution of large-scale OTA upgrade tasks. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for high-speed downloading of automotive software packages provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data fragmentation process provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of a vehicle node downloading data fragments from an OTA platform, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of a first vehicle node serving as a download source for a second vehicle node to download the data fragment, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of a second vehicle node combining all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present invention to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0048] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0049] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0050] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the invention, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning unless expressly so defined herein.

[0052] In the technical solution of this invention, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information all comply with relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals. The use of user data in this technical solution follows relevant national laws and regulations (e.g., the "Information Security Technology - Personal Information Security Specification"). For example: appropriate measures are taken for personal information access control; restrictions are imposed on the display of personal information; the purpose of using personal information does not exceed the scope of direct or reasonable association; and explicit identity targeting is eliminated when using personal information to avoid precisely locating a specific individual.

[0053] To address at least one of the technical problems existing in the aforementioned related technologies, the present invention provides a method for high-speed downloading of automotive software packages. Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for high-speed downloading of automotive software packages provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0054] Step S1: The OTA platform will process the complete software upgrade package into data fragments, generating multiple data fragments;

[0055] Step S2: Multiple vehicle nodes randomly download one or more of the data fragments from the OTA platform;

[0056] Step S3: After successfully downloading a data fragment, the first vehicle node uses it as a download source for the second vehicle node to download the same data fragment.

[0057] Step S4: The second vehicle node downloads the required data fragments from the first vehicle node and / or the OTA platform, and combines all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package.

[0058] This invention provides a method for high-speed download of automotive software packages. By fragmenting the upgrade package and utilizing vehicle nodes as download sources for each other, a distributed content delivery network is constructed. This method fundamentally solves the bandwidth bottleneck problem caused by the large number of concurrent downloads from a traditional centralized server. Since download requests are distributed across multiple vehicle nodes rather than just the OTA platform, the load on the OTA platform server and network traffic pressure are significantly reduced. Simultaneously, point-to-point transmission between vehicle nodes is generally more direct and efficient than all vehicles connecting to a remote server via mobile networks, thus significantly improving overall download speed and efficiency, reducing download failure rates due to server timeouts or network congestion, and ensuring the smooth execution of large-scale OTA upgrade tasks.

[0059] See Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the data fragmentation process in step S1 specifically includes:

[0060] Step S11: The OTA platform dynamically determines the optimal data fragment size and fragment number based on the total size of the software upgrade package and the network status parameters of the target vehicle group;

[0061] Step S12: The OTA platform divides the software upgrade package into multiple independent data fragments according to the determined data fragment size and fragment number using a fragmentation algorithm;

[0062] Step S13: The OTA platform generates a unique identifier and a hash checksum for each data shard to verify data integrity, and creates a shard list that records the identifiers of all data shards and their logical order in the complete upgrade package.

[0063] The above embodiments specifically define the fragmentation process. By dynamically determining the optimal fragmentation strategy based on the upgrade package size and network conditions, intelligent and adaptive fragment size management is achieved, avoiding the transmission efficiency problems caused by fragments that are too large or too small. A unique identifier and hash checksum are generated for each fragment, and a fragment list recording the logical order is created, laying a solid foundation for accurate fragment download, integrity verification, and correct reassembly. This structured fragmentation management mechanism ensures the orderliness and reliability of the entire distribution process, effectively preventing upgrade package reconstruction failures due to fragment loss, corruption, or disordered order.

[0064] See Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the process of the vehicle node downloading data fragments from the OTA platform in step S2 specifically includes:

[0065] Step S21: The vehicle node sends a data fragment download request to the OTA platform, and the download request carries at least the identification information of the vehicle node;

[0066] Step S22: After receiving the download request, the OTA platform determines one or more data fragments to be downloaded for the vehicle node based on the current distribution of available download sources for each data fragment. Among them, data fragments with a current number of available download sources lower than a preset threshold are preferentially allocated to the vehicle node.

[0067] Step S23: The OTA platform returns a response message to the vehicle node, the response message containing the identity identifier of the data fragment to be downloaded assigned to the vehicle node;

[0068] Step S24: The vehicle node initiates a download operation for the data fragment to the OTA platform or other vehicle nodes that have been registered as download sources based on the received identity identifier.

[0069] The above embodiments define a platform-assisted initial fragment allocation mechanism. The OTA platform can globally perceive the distribution of each fragment and prioritize fragments with fewer vehicle download sources. This intelligent scheduling strategy can proactively and quickly "seed" scarce fragments in the vehicle network, effectively avoiding the risk that some fragments may become system bottlenecks or single points of failure due to a single initial download source. It promotes a balanced distribution of fragment resources in the network, accelerates the establishment and maturation of the fragment "seed" network, thereby optimizing distribution efficiency at the system level and ensuring that all fragments can be efficiently acquired by vehicle nodes.

[0070] See Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, step S3 specifically includes:

[0071] Step S31: After successfully downloading and verifying a data fragment, the first vehicle node sends a registration request to the OTA platform. The registration request carries at least the identity identifier of the data fragment and the network address information of the first vehicle node.

[0072] Step S32: After receiving the registration request, the OTA platform adds the first vehicle node to the list of available download sources corresponding to the data shard;

[0073] Step S33: When the second vehicle node needs to download a specific data fragment, it sends a query request to the OTA platform. The query request carries at least the identity identifier of the specific data fragment.

[0074] Step S34: The OTA platform queries the list of available download sources corresponding to the specific data shard according to the query request, and returns a query response to the second vehicle node. The query response contains all or part of the download source information in the list of available download sources.

[0075] Step S35: The second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources based on the received query response, and initiates a download operation for the specific data fragment to that download source.

[0076] The above embodiments establish a dynamic and scalable download source registration and discovery mechanism. After a vehicle node successfully downloads, it actively registers with the platform, enabling the platform to maintain an accurate global download source map in real time. When other vehicles need to download, they can query the platform to obtain the latest list of available sources. This mechanism ensures that vehicle nodes can discover and utilize neighboring nodes that are geographically or topologically closer and have better connection quality for downloading, further reducing the platform load and leveraging local network advantages to achieve lower latency and higher bandwidth data transmission, thus improving download stability and speed.

[0077] In some embodiments, in step S35, when the second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources, a decision is made based on a selection strategy, which includes:

[0078] Obtain the evaluation parameters for each candidate download source in the list of available download sources. The evaluation parameters include at least the network connection quality parameters between the candidate download source and the candidate download source, the current load parameters of the candidate download source, and the geographical distance parameters between the candidate download source and the second vehicle node.

[0079] Based on the preset weighting rules, the evaluation parameters of each candidate download source are weighted and calculated to obtain a comprehensive score;

[0080] Select the candidate download source with the highest overall score as the target download source.

[0081] The above embodiments introduce an intelligent selection strategy based on multi-factor weighted evaluation, elevating the selection of download sources from a simple random or proximity-based principle to a refined and quantitative decision-making process that comprehensively considers connection quality, source node load, and geographical location. By calculating a comprehensive score and selecting the optimal source, it effectively avoids selecting low-quality download sources that are congested, lack processing power, or are geographically distant, thereby maximizing the success rate and transmission speed of each download operation. This optimized selection directly improves the end-user's download experience, reduces waiting time, and increases the efficiency and resource utilization of the entire distribution network.

[0082] In some embodiments, in step S35, when the second vehicle node selects to download data fragments from other vehicle nodes, the second vehicle node establishes a direct communication connection with the other vehicle nodes that are the download source through a point-to-point communication protocol, and transmits the data fragments through the connection.

[0083] The above embodiments define that vehicle nodes establish direct connections for data transmission via a P2P protocol, enabling point-to-point direct communication between vehicle nodes. This avoids the need for all data transmission to pass through the OTA platform server, resulting in a more significant improvement in transmission efficiency, especially for geographically proximate vehicle nodes. Furthermore, since data does not pass through the platform, it further reduces the bandwidth pressure and computational load on the OTA platform server, allowing it to focus more on control functions such as scheduling and coordination.

[0084] In some embodiments, when the second vehicle node initiates a download operation for a data fragment to other vehicle nodes in step S35, the method further includes:

[0085] The second vehicle node performs two-way authentication with other vehicle nodes that serve as download sources;

[0086] After successful verification, the other vehicle nodes acting as download sources transmit the data fragments to the second vehicle node using an encrypted transmission protocol.

[0087] The above embodiments add a security verification mechanism for data exchange between vehicle nodes. By performing two-way authentication before the download operation between nodes, the legitimacy of the identities of both communicating parties is ensured, preventing malicious node impersonation or man-in-the-middle attacks. After successful authentication, data fragments are transmitted using an encrypted transmission protocol, effectively protecting the confidentiality and integrity of data during transmission and preventing data from being eavesdropped on, tampered with, or forged.

[0088] See Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, step S4, where the second vehicle node combines all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package, specifically includes:

[0089] Step S41: After the second vehicle node successfully downloads a data fragment, it uses the hash checksum corresponding to the data fragment to perform integrity verification.

[0090] Step S42: If the verification fails, download the data fragment again; if the verification succeeds, mark the data fragment as valid.

[0091] Step S43: When all data shards are marked as valid, the second vehicle node splices all valid data shards in sequence according to the logical order of data shards recorded in the shard list to reconstruct a complete software upgrade package.

[0092] The above embodiments specify the verification and assembly process after data fragment download. By verifying each fragment immediately after download and marking it as valid only upon successful verification, early detection and timely handling of transmission errors are achieved. This "download-as-you-go" approach avoids the batch failure problem that may occur if all fragments are downloaded and then verified uniformly. It reduces the risk of having to re-download the entire upgrade package due to the corruption of a single fragment. When verification fails, it immediately retryes, improving the efficiency and success rate of error recovery. By assembling the fragments in the logical order recorded in the fragment list, it ensures that the reconstructed upgrade package is completely consistent with the original package, avoiding upgrade failures or system anomalies caused by disordered fragment order.

[0093] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0094] The OTA platform periodically acquires the distribution information of available download sources for each data segment;

[0095] When the OTA platform detects that the number of available download sources for a specific data fragment is continuously lower than a first preset threshold for a preset duration, the OTA platform selects one or more target vehicle nodes from the current vehicle nodes and sends a scheduling instruction to the target vehicle nodes. The scheduling instruction instructs the target vehicle nodes to download the specific data fragment from the OTA platform.

[0096] The above embodiments introduce an active scheduling optimization mechanism for the OTA platform. By periodically monitoring the distribution of available download sources for each shard, the platform can globally perceive "scarce shards" in the network. When the number of available sources for a specific shard is detected to be consistently lower than a threshold, the platform actively schedules some vehicle nodes to download that shard from the platform, which is equivalent to actively "replanting" scarce resources in the system. This active intervention mechanism effectively prevents the problem of insufficient shards caused by too few initial download sources for some shards or node exits, ensuring that all shards maintain a sufficient number of replicas in the network. This improves the system's fault tolerance and the stability of distribution efficiency, and avoids the overall upgrade progress from stalling due to shard scarcity. It is particularly suitable for large-scale, dynamically changing vehicle network environments.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method is applied to an online vehicle upgrade scenario, wherein the OTA platform is an online upgrade service platform deployed by a car manufacturer or service provider, the software upgrade package is a firmware upgrade package for the vehicle's electronic control unit or a software update package for the in-vehicle infotainment system, and the vehicle node is an intelligent connected vehicle with wireless communication capabilities.

[0098] The above embodiments define the specific application of the method in the automotive OTA upgrade scenario, applying the distributed collaborative distribution method to the specific but important industrial scenario of automotive firmware upgrade. This highlights the unique advantages of the technical solution in solving practical problems such as large-scale concurrency, bandwidth bottlenecks, and upgrade efficiency faced in automotive OTA upgrades, thereby enhancing the practicality and commercial value of the patent.

[0099] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while specific terminology has been used, it is for illustrative purposes only and should be construed as such, and is not intended to be limiting. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with particular embodiments may be used alone, or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for high-speed downloading of automotive software packages, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The OTA platform will process the complete software upgrade package into data fragments, generating multiple data fragments; Multiple vehicle nodes download one or more of the data fragments from the OTA platform; After successfully downloading a data fragment, the first vehicle node uses it as a download source for the second vehicle node to download the same data fragment. The second vehicle node downloads the required data fragments from the first vehicle node and / or the OTA platform, and combines all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Data sharding processing specifically includes: The OTA platform dynamically determines the optimal data fragment size and number of fragments based on the total size of the software upgrade package and the network status parameters of the target vehicle group. The OTA platform divides the software upgrade package into multiple independent data fragments based on the determined data fragment size and number of fragments using a fragmentation algorithm; The OTA platform generates a unique identifier and a hash checksum for each data shard to verify data integrity, and creates a shard list that records the identifiers of all data shards and their logical order in the complete upgrade package.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific data shards downloaded by vehicle nodes from the OTA platform include: The vehicle node sends a data fragment download request to the OTA platform, and the download request carries at least the identification information of the vehicle node; After receiving the download request, the OTA platform determines one or more data fragments to be downloaded for the vehicle node based on the current distribution of available download sources for each data fragment. Among them, data fragments with a current number of available download sources lower than a preset threshold are preferentially allocated to the vehicle node. The OTA platform returns a response message to the vehicle node, the response message containing the identity identifier of the data fragment to be downloaded assigned to the vehicle node; The vehicle node initiates a download operation for the data fragment to the OTA platform or other vehicle nodes that have registered as download sources, based on the received identity identifier.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After successfully downloading a data fragment, the first vehicle node uses it as a download source for the second vehicle node to download the same data fragment, specifically including: After successfully downloading and verifying a data fragment, the first vehicle node sends a registration request to the OTA platform. The registration request carries at least the identity identifier of the data fragment and the network address information of the first vehicle node. After receiving the registration request, the OTA platform adds the first vehicle node to the list of available download sources corresponding to the data shard. When the second vehicle node needs to download a specific data fragment, it sends a query request to the OTA platform. The query request carries at least the identity identifier of the specific data fragment. The OTA platform queries the list of available download sources corresponding to the specific data shard according to the query request, and returns a query response to the second vehicle node. The query response contains all or part of the download source information in the list of available download sources. The second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources based on the received query response, and initiates a download operation for the specific data fragment to that download source.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the second vehicle node selects a download source from the list of available download sources, it makes a decision based on a selection strategy, which includes: Obtain the evaluation parameters for each candidate download source in the list of available download sources. The evaluation parameters include at least the network connection quality parameters between the candidate download source and the candidate download source, the current load parameters of the candidate download source, and the geographical distance parameters between the candidate download source and the second vehicle node. Based on the preset weighting rules, the evaluation parameters of each candidate download source are weighted and calculated to obtain a comprehensive score; Select the candidate download source with the highest overall score as the target download source.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the second vehicle node selects to download data fragments from other vehicle nodes, the second vehicle node establishes a direct communication connection with the other vehicle nodes that are the download source through a point-to-point communication protocol, and transmits the data fragments through this connection.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the second vehicle node initiates a download operation for a data fragment to other vehicle nodes, it also includes: The second vehicle node performs two-way authentication with other vehicle nodes that serve as download sources; After successful verification, the other vehicle nodes acting as download sources transmit the data fragments to the second vehicle node using an encrypted transmission protocol.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second vehicle node combines all downloaded data fragments to complete the acquisition of the software upgrade package, specifically including: After each data fragment is successfully downloaded, the second vehicle node uses the hash checksum corresponding to the data fragment to perform integrity verification. If the verification fails, the data fragment will be downloaded again; if the verification succeeds, the data fragment will be marked as valid. When all data shards are marked as valid, the second vehicle node concatenates all valid data shards in sequence according to the logical order of the data shards recorded in the shard list, and reconstructs a complete software upgrade package.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The OTA platform periodically acquires the distribution information of available download sources for each data segment; When the OTA platform detects that the number of available download sources for a specific data fragment is continuously lower than a first preset threshold for a preset duration, the OTA platform selects one or more target vehicle nodes from the current vehicle nodes and sends a scheduling instruction to the target vehicle nodes. The scheduling instruction instructs the target vehicle nodes to download the specific data fragment from the OTA platform.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is applied to the scenario of online vehicle upgrades. The OTA platform is an online upgrade service platform deployed by car manufacturers or service providers. The software upgrade package is a firmware upgrade package for the vehicle's electronic control unit or a software update package for the in-vehicle infotainment system. The vehicle node is an intelligent connected vehicle with wireless communication capabilities.

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