Docking station for spectrometer and associated measurement method

Abstract

The invention relates to a measurement system (1) and an associated measurement method, the system comprising: an FTIR spectrometer (2), the FTIR spectrometer (2) comprising a tracker module (20); and a protection device (3) comprising a box (30) and a protection module (31), the protection module (31) being movable between a closed position (P0) and at least one open position (P1). To this end, the protection module (31) comprises: a cover (310) rotatably movable about an axis (A1) parallel to a main extension plane of an upper surface (30a) of the cartridge (30) in order to switch between a closed position (P0) and at least one open position (P1); and an actuator (311) configured to cause switching between the closed position (P0) and the at least one open position (P1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of atmospheric measurement systems. It has particularly advantageous applications in the field of measuring atmospheric columns under external environmental conditions through remote detection. Background Technology

[0002] To measure atmospheric parameters, such as molecules present in the atmosphere, like greenhouse gases, there are so-called remote detection solutions that acquire solar spectra via spectrometers. These spectra provide the properties and quantities of molecules present in an atmospheric column measured between the instrument and the sun, hence the name atmospheric column measurement.

[0003] For this purpose, the instrument used can be a Fourier transform spectrometer, such as the EM27 / SUN spectrometer commercially available from Bruker Optics. This spectrometer includes a tracker module configured to track the sun's trajectory and direct solar radiation, typically direct solar radiation, into the spectrometer to obtain a set of atmospheric data, more specifically, to acquire the solar spectrum in the infrared range.

[0004] Therefore, the instrument is typically installed outdoors and in sunlight to acquire usable data. This presents a risk that the instrument could be damaged in sudden, severe weather conditions, such as rain, hail, or snow. In fact, spectrometers are generally not watertight, and the tracker module is not protected against severe weather.

[0005] A protective device has been disclosed in existing literature, which includes a housing containing the main body of the spectrometer; see the paper by Heinle, L. et al. published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. 11, 2173–2185, 10.5194 / amt-11-2173-2018, 2018. Automated enclosure and protection system for compact solar-tracking spectrometers ( Self-contained for compact solar tracking spectrometers Automation housing and protection system (And the paper by Dietrich, Florian et al. published in Atmos. Meas. Tech 14. 1111-1126, 10.5194 / amt-14-1111-2021, 2018:) MUCCnet: Munich Urban Carbon Column Network ( Munich Urban Carbon Pole NetworkThe protective device also includes a protective module movable between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the protective module completely surrounds the tracker module, while in the open position, the protective module does not completely surround the tracker module, allowing the tracker module to be exposed to sunlight. More specifically, the protective module includes a first cover and a second dome-shaped cover. The first cover is disposed inside the second cover, and the two covers are rotatably movable relative to each other about a substantially vertical axis of rotation. The relative rotation of the two covers allows for defining an elongated oval shape and a substantially vertical orientation through which the tracker can receive sunlight.

[0006] In practice, the implementation of this solution remains complex, which may limit its robustness. For example, the relative rotation of the two caps complicates achieving a good seal. Due to the narrow opening defined by the two caps, the position of the opening must be further adapted according to the location coordinates and time of day to track the sun's trajectory. This solution is further limited for low-latitude measurements. Therefore, the object of this invention is to propose an improved solution for measuring atmospheric data using a Fourier transform spectrometer.

[0007] Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon review of the following description and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the present invention may also include other advantages. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To achieve this objective, according to the first aspect, an atmospheric data measurement system is provided, comprising: - A Fourier transform spectrometer, which includes a so-called "tracker" module configured to track the sun's trajectory and direct direct sunlight into the spectrometer to obtain a set of atmospheric data, more specifically, to obtain the infrared spectrum that provides the atmospheric data; - A protective device comprising, on one hand, a housing having an upper surface, and on the other hand, a so-called "protective" module disposed on said upper surface, the protective module being movable between a closed position and at least one open position, in which the protective module completely surrounds the tracker module, and in the at least one open position, the protective module does not completely surround the tracker module, allowing the tracker module to be exposed to sunlight. The protective module also includes an actuator configured to actuate switching between the closed position and at least one open position.

[0009] Preferably, the protection module includes: - A lid that is rotatably movable about an axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, so as to switch between a closed position and at least one open position; - An actuator configured to rotate a cover that can move between a closed position and at least one open position.

[0010] Therefore, switching between the closed and open positions can be achieved by rotating a single movable cover component. This reduces the number of parts that allow the protective module to open and close. This minimizes friction and limits the risk of the protective module being obstructed from opening or closing, for example, by dust or sand. Therefore, it can be understood that the protective module allows for a simple and robust switching between the closed and open positions.

[0011] The movable cover achieves a forward and backward tilting motion based on its rotational movement about an axis substantially parallel to the upper surface of the box, thus creating an opening for light to pass through, which is not restricted in the lateral direction. Therefore, it is unnecessary to track the sun's trajectory on the day of measurement. This simplifies the measurement system.

[0012] Furthermore, due to the forward / backward tilting motion of the movable cap, a good seal is more easily achieved compared to existing solutions. The movable cap completely covers the tracker module in the closed position, making water leakage easier to manage during inclement weather compared to current solutions that implement seals along vertical openings, and this also helps reduce friction during the relative rotation of the two caps.

[0013] Therefore, compared to existing solutions, this system allows for a simpler and more reliable protection of the tracker module, which simplifies the use of the spectrometer. More specifically, this facilitates long-term use and extends the system's lifespan.

[0014] The second aspect relates to a method for measuring atmospheric data in an atmospheric column, including: - Provide a measurement system according to the first aspect; - The movable cover is opened by an actuator so that the movable cover is switched to at least one open position by rotational movement about an axis that is substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the box, and thus exposes the tracker module to direct sunlight; - A set of atmospheric data is measured at least once using a Fourier transform spectrometer, with the cover in at least one open position; - The movable cover is closed by a linear actuator so that the movable cover is switched to the closed position by rotational movement about the axis.

[0015] Therefore, the system's effectiveness and advantages, as described in the first aspect, enable a more robust and simplified approach to opening and closing the protection module compared to existing solutions. Consequently, the measurement method is thus improved, particularly in the long term.

[0016] According to a separable or combinable aspect, the present invention relates to a method for measuring atmospheric data columns, comprising: - Provides a measurement system, including: › Fourier transform spectrometer, which includes a so-called "tracker" module, which is configured to track the sun's trajectory and direct sunlight into the spectrometer to obtain a set of atmospheric data; › A protective device, comprising on one hand a box having an upper surface, and on the other hand a so-called “protective” module disposed on the upper surface, the protective module being movable between a closed position and at least one open position, wherein in the closed position the protective module defines a closed cavity in which a tracker module is at least partially housed, and in the at least one open position the tracker module is exposed to sunlight; › Sunlight sensor, such as a sunlight level sensor, or preferably a sunlight duration sensor; - Open the protection module so that it is switched to at least one open position and thus exposes the tracker module to sunlight; - A set of atmospheric data is measured at least once using a Fourier transform spectrometer, with the protection module in at least one open position; - Turn off the protection module to switch it to the off position; and - Prior to at least one of the opening and closing of the protection module, at least one first measurement and one second measurement of external conditions related to sunlight level and / or rain are performed respectively by a sunlight sensor and / or a rain detector, the first and second measurements being time-spaced apart; and - Make a decision regarding at least one of the opening and / or closing of the protection module, such that: › The protection module activates when the first and second sunlight level measurements exceed the threshold. › The protection module shuts down when the first and second sunlight level measurements are less than the threshold.

[0017] Therefore, decisions regarding the opening and / or closing of the protective module can be automatically and temporarily managed to avoid repeated opening and closing of the protective module when the weather changes, such as when clouds temporarily pass in front of the sun. This thus facilitates the measurement method. The mechanical structure of the protective device is preserved, which limits wear on the measurement system. This solution is particularly advantageous when the protective module includes a cover that can be rotatably moved about an axis substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface of the housing. Given the amplitude of the forward and backward tilting movement of the movable cover, this allows for maximizing data acquisition when the weather changes and limiting the opening and / or closing movement of the movable cover. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The objects, objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will become fully apparent from the detailed description of its embodiments, which are illustrated in the following figures, wherein: Figure 1A , Figure 1B A three-dimensional overall view of a measurement system according to one embodiment is shown. Figure 1B The top surface of the box is not shown.

[0019] Figure 2A and Figure 2B It shows that according to Figure 1A , Figure 1B The protection module of the illustrated embodiment is shown in side views in the open and closed positions, respectively.

[0020] Figure 3A and Figure 3B An exploded perspective view of the upper surface of the box and the protective module, as seen from the front viewpoint and the rear viewpoint, according to one embodiment, is shown.

[0021] Figure 4A It shows that according to Figure 3A and Figure 3B An exploded side view of the protection module of the embodiment shown.

[0022] Figure 4B It shows that according to Figure 4A A cross-sectional view of the assembled protection module of the embodiment shown.

[0023] Figure 5 It shows that according to Figure 4A and 4B The illustrated embodiment shows a top view of the engagement between the protection module and the tracker module, with the protection module in the open position.

[0024] Figure 6 A flowchart of a measurement method for implementing a measurement system according to one embodiment is shown.

[0025] Figure 7 The system architecture of a measurement system according to one embodiment is illustrated schematically.

[0026] Figures 8 to 10 An example of data acquisition based on the open and / or closed state of the protection module is shown.

[0027] Figure 11 An example of hysteresis in the open state of the movable box is shown.

[0028] The accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. They constitute schematic diagrams intended to facilitate understanding of the principles of the invention and do not necessarily conform to the proportions of actual applications. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Before beginning a detailed review of the embodiments of the invention, optional features are listed below, which may be used in combination or alternately.

[0030] According to one example, the spectrometer includes a body and a tracker module. A housing can be configured to accommodate the body of the spectrometer. Specifically, the housing can define a cavity that accommodates the body of the spectrometer.

[0031] According to one example, the protective module includes a so-called "sealing" plate disposed between the upper surface of the housing and a movable cover, and configured to form a watertight interface between the tracker module and the housing. Therefore, the sealing plate allows for an interface to be formed between the externally exposed tracker module and the housing containing other components such as the spectrometer body or other elements such as batteries or controllers. This limits the risk of water and / or dust entering the housing. This is particularly advantageous because the openings for light passage are not restricted along the lateral direction, allowing for greater exposure of the interior of the protective device.

[0032] According to one example, the sealing plate has an opening with a first periphery, and the tracker module has a second outer periphery at the sealing plate. The first and second peripheries are complementaryly shaped, and preferably, the first and second peripheries are connected by a seal. Thus, the sealing plate is adapted to the tracker module to form a watertight interface.

[0033] According to one example, the upper surface of the box has an opening through which the tracker module extends, so that it is surrounded by a movable cover at least when the protection module is in the closed position, and in this closed position, a sealing plate is configured to cover the opening. The sealing plate covers the opening on the upper surface of the box, allowing water to flow out over the sealing plate and slide over the outside of the box, including in the open position of the cover. Therefore, the box's airtightness is improved.

[0034] According to one example, the opening of the box is at least partially, preferably completely, surrounded by a frame that forms a raised portion on the upper surface of the box, and wherein a sealing plate is configured to complementaryly cover the raised portion formed by the frame. Therefore, the frame forms a barrier against water, which would otherwise seep between the sealing plate and the box through capillary action. Because the sealing plate complementaryly covers the frame, water outflow from the sealing plate above the box is improved. Thus, the risk of leakage inside the box is further limited.

[0035] In one example, the actuator is a linear actuator, and it hinges the movable cover and the sealing plate together. Therefore, the linear actuator connects the movable cover and the sealing plate to form a single unit. Consequently, the protection module can be disconnected from the housing, making it easier to remove from the housing, for example, for maintenance, or in the event of blocking the linear actuator.

[0036] According to one example, the protective module includes a support frame disposed between the upper surface of the box and a movable cover, preferably between a sealing plate and the movable cover, the movable cover being rotatably mounted on the support frame and resting on the support frame in the closed position. Thus, the support frame allows for excessive lifting of the movable cover to facilitate its rotation. The support frame may further accommodate a system for securing the movable cover to the support frame, such as at least one hinge, to allow rotation of the movable cover. The support frame may further accommodate a seal on its shoulder, and thus ensure permeability to harsh weather when the movable cover is closed. The support may be detachably secured, for example by screwing, to ensure modularity of the protective device.

[0037] According to one example, the measurement system also includes at least one sensor selected from the following: a sunlight sensor, a rain detector, a temperature sensor, a relative humidity sensor, and a pressure sensor. Therefore, these sensors can be added to the spectrometer to perform solar spectral measurements, for example, to automate the actuation of the protection module. According to one example, the protection device includes at least one of the aforementioned sensors. According to a preferred example, the measurement system also includes at least a sunlight sensor and a rain detector. Therefore, the protection system 1 can be automated based on data from these sensors. According to one example, the sunlight sensor is configured to determine whether the device is exposed to direct sunlight. This sensor is preferably a sunlight duration sensor. The WMO (World Meteorological Organization) defines sunlight duration as direct solar radiation exceeding 120 W / m². 2 The time frame is such that it indicates the presence of the sun, and therefore the absence of clouds between the sensor and the sun.

[0038] According to one example, the system also includes a sunlight sensor and / or a rain detector, and includes management circuitry configured to control the actuator based at least on data from the sunlight sensor and / or the rain detector. Therefore, the opening and / or closing of the protection module can be automated to limit the tracker module's exposure to severe weather and / or dust.

[0039] According to one example, the measurement system also includes a temperature control module configured to regulate the temperature inside the housing and located at least partially, preferably entirely, outside the housing. This achieves better heat dissipation for the temperature control system located inside the housing by facilitating heat exchange with the outside. This further ensures more efficient temperature control compared to the simple ventilator modules implemented in some existing solutions.

[0040] According to one example, the cover can be rotatably moved between a closed position and a fully open position within an angular interval of greater than or equal to 80°, preferably less than or equal to 90°.

[0041] According to one example, the method includes: - Prior to at least one of the opening or closing of the protection module, at least one first measurement and one second measurement of sunlight-related external conditions are performed by a sunlight sensor, the first and second measurements being time-spaced apart; and - Make a decision regarding at least one of opening or closing the protection module, such that: › The protection module activates when the first and second sunlight measurements exceed the activation threshold. › When the first and second sunlight measurements are less than the shutdown threshold, the protection module shuts down. The shutdown threshold is independent of or equal to the opening threshold.

[0042] As an example, the measurement system includes a rain detector, and the method includes: - Detects rain and / or no rain using a rain detector; and - Make a decision regarding at least one of opening or closing the protection module, such that: › The protection module activates when no rain is detected; › The protection module shuts down when rain is detected.

[0043] According to one example, the protection module turns on once the rain detector detects no rain, and / or turns off once the rain detector detects rain.

[0044] According to one example, the movable cover remains fixed during at least one measurement of a set of atmospheric data, and preferably remains fixed during a sequence of multiple atmospheric data measurements.

[0045] As seen above, due to the forward / backward tilting movement of the movable cover, an opening for light to pass through is obtained by rotating it about an axis substantially parallel to the main extending plane of the upper surface of the box. This opening is not restricted in the lateral direction. Therefore, it is not necessary to track the sun's trajectory on the measurement day. Thus, the cover can be kept fixed during solar spectral measurements or preferably during a solar spectral measurement sequence.

[0046] In the following description, the term "above" does not necessarily mean "directly above." Therefore, when it is stated that component A is supported "above" component B, it does not mean that components A and B are necessarily in direct contact with each other. Components A and B may be in direct contact or may be supported on each other by one or more other components. The same applies to other expressions, such as "A acts on B," which can mean either "A acts directly on B" or "A acts on B through one or more other components."

[0047] In this patent application, the term "movable" corresponds to rotational motion, translational motion, or a combination of motions, such as a combination of rotation and translation.

[0048] In this patent application, when it is stated that two components are separate, it means that these components are independent. They can: - Positioned at a certain distance from each other, and / or - Can move relative to each other, and / or - They are secured to each other by a return element, which can be detachable or non-detachable.

[0049] Therefore, a single one-piece component cannot be composed of two separate components.

[0050] In this patent application, the term "fastened" used to define the connection between two components means that the two components are linked / fixed to each other according to all degrees of freedom, unless otherwise explicitly stated. For example, if it is stated that the two components are fastened by translation along the X direction, it means that the components can move relative to each other, possibly along multiple degrees of freedom, excluding translational degrees of freedom along the X direction. In other words, if one component moves along the X direction, the other component performs the same movement.

[0051] In the detailed description below, terms such as “horizontal,” “vertical,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “upper,” “lower,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “back,” “inner,” and “outer” may be used. These terms must be interpreted relative to the normal position of the measurement system. For example, the concept of “horizontal” corresponds to the main extension direction of the upper surface of the box, taking into account that the system is placed on the ground in its normal use mode.

[0052] In addition, a system will be used in which the longitudinal or rear / front direction corresponds to axis X, the lateral or right / left direction corresponds to axis Y, and the vertical or bottom / top direction corresponds to axis Z.

[0053] For the purposes of this disclosure, the expression "A and / or B" means (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of this disclosure, the expression "A, B, and / or C" means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C).

[0054] A parameter is "basically equal to / greater than / less than" a given value, meaning that the parameter is equal to / greater than / less than the given value, plus or minus 10% of that value. A parameter is "basically between" two given values, meaning that the parameter is equal to the minimum given value, plus or minus 10% of that value, and equal to the maximum given value, plus or minus 10% of that value.

[0055] The measurement system 1 and the method of implementing the measurement system 1 will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and several embodiments.

[0056] For example, Figure 1A , Figure 1B As shown, the measurement system 1 includes a Fourier transform spectrometer 2 housed in a protective device 3.

[0057] Fourier transform spectrometer 2 is configured to capture sunlight 5 to obtain a set of atmospheric data, more specifically, the solar spectrum. For example, the solar spectrum can be acquired in the infrared range. Therefore, the solar spectrum can provide information on the properties and quantities of molecules present in the atmospheric column between spectrometer 2 and the sun.

[0058] For this purpose, the spectrometer 2 includes a tracker module 20 configured to track the sun's trajectory and direct sunlight into the spectrometer 2. In a known manner, the tracker module 20 may include a plurality of mirrors configured to direct light into the spectrometer 2, more specifically into the spectrometer body 2, where spectral acquisition is performed. The tracker module 20 is typically connected to the body 21 by mounting on a connecting element such as a lifting support to capture sunlight 5. The tracker module 20 may further be rotatably oriented at least about a vertical axis A4 to track the sun's trajectory, and further about an axis parallel to axis A2 (see [reference]). Figure 2A , Figure 2B It can be rotated for orientation in order to track azimuth and elevation angles.

[0059] For this purpose, tracker module 20 may include platform 200, which is disposed on the upper end of a lifting support, particularly the lifting support. Tracker module 20 may include a light-capturing element 201, which is typically mounted on platform 200 by means of a second platform 202, the rotation of which is actuated about a vertical axis of rotation A4. The capturing element 201 may, for example, include the aforementioned reflector and is rotatably mounted on platform 200 by means of a second platform 202, the rotation of which is actuated by a motor. In this case, tracker module 20 can be considered to be defined at a lower level by platform 200 and does not include the lifting support, on which tracker module 20 may be mounted.

[0060] As a non-limiting example, spectrometer 2 could be the EM27 / SUN spectrometer commercially available from Bruker Optics.

[0061] To protect the spectrometer 2 from external environmental influences, the protective device 3 includes a housing 30 and a protective module 31. For example, the main body 21 of the spectrometer 2 can be housed in the housing 30, while the tracker module 20 is housed in the protective module 31. The housing 30 can completely surround, at least, the main body 21 of the spectrometer 2. Therefore, it is understood that the main body 21 can be protected from severe weather, regardless of whether the protective module 31 is open or closed.

[0062] Preferably, the box 30 is oriented along its main extension direction on the north / south axis, and the tracker module 20 points south in the Northern Hemisphere and north in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, the temperature regulation system 34 can be positioned on the side opposite the sun (north in the Northern Hemisphere) to improve its durability.

[0063] Tracker module 20 must be exposed to direct sunlight to obtain atmospheric data, more specifically, the solar spectrum in the infrared. "Direct" light refers to sunlight reaching tracker module 20 without passing through a spectrophotometer. To protect tracker module 20 and allow measurements on demand, protection module 31 has: - Closed position, in which the protection module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20, and thus the tracker module 20 is protected from severe weather in the closed position; - Open position: In this open position, the protection module does not completely surround the tracker module 20, allowing the tracker module 20 to be exposed to direct sunlight. Therefore, in the open position, the tracker module 20 can capture sunlight 5.

[0064] When it is described that the protective module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20, as clearly seen from the figures, it can be considered, for example, that the protective module 31 optionally surrounds the tracker module 20 together with the housing. Equivalently, it can be considered that the protective module 31 surrounds at least one of the surfaces of the tracker module 20 that are oriented towards the external environment. It can also be considered that the protective module 31 completely surrounds the tracker module 20 from the upper surface of the housing. In particular, the protective module can optionally form a housing surrounding the tracker module 20 together with the housing. Therefore, the tracker module can be separated from the external environment through the walls of the protective module 31, particularly through the movable cover 310.

[0065] For this purpose, the protective module 31 includes a cover 310 that is rotatably movable at least about an axis A1 substantially parallel to the main extending plane of the upper surface 30a of the housing 30. Equivalently, axis A1 can be substantially horizontal. For example, as... Figure 2A and Figure 2B As shown, during its rotational movement between the closed position P0 and the open position P1, the movable cover 310 can therefore tilt from front to back or in the opposite direction within an angular interval α1 according to the double arrow R1. The rotational movement of the movable cover 310 can define a closed position P0 and multiple open positions, wherein the largest open position is hereinafter referred to as P1 in a non-limiting manner.

[0066] During the backward tilting of the movable cover 310, an opening is thus formed, allowing the tracker module 20 to be exposed to sunlight 5. This opening is preferably not restricted by the movable cover 310 along the lateral direction Y. Once the movable cover is in the open position P1, the opening can have a sufficient amplitude for the tracker module 20 to track the sun's trajectory without moving the movable cover 310. For this purpose, the angular interval α1 is preferably greater than or equal to 80°, and preferably less than or equal to 100°. The angular interval α1 can be less than or equal to 90°, and preferably substantially equal to 90°. Its tolerance can be ±10° depending on the actuator's stroke and its positioning or setpoint accuracy without interfering with the measurement.

[0067] The switching between the closed position P0 and the open position P1 is actuated by actuator 311. Therefore, the opening and closing of the protection module 31 can be automated. For example, the rotation axis A1 is substantially parallel to the lateral direction Y.

[0068] To accommodate the tracker module 20 within the protection module 31, the upper surface 30a of the housing 30 may include an opening 300, for example, as shown in the image. Figure 3A and Figure 3B As shown. More specifically, the tracker module 20 extends from the platform 200 from the opening 300 into a cavity defined below the movable cover 310 at its closed position P0.

[0069] according to Figures 1A to 2B In the specific example shown, the movable cover 310 can be in the shape of a parallelepiped, with one face open, and the movable cover 310 is rotatably mounted about axis A1 in an extension of one of its sides. An alternative can be provided where the cover 310 has any other shape, and axis A1 can be located at a portion of the side periphery of the movable cover 310. For example, the movable cover 310 can be dome-shaped. Preferably, the movable cover 310 is a single piece.

[0070] To protect the interior of the box from harsh weather and / or potential dust, the protective module 31 can cover the opening 300 when it is in the closed position P0. Therefore, the protective module allows water to flow out from the movable cover 310 above the outer surface of the box 30. More specifically, the protective module 31 can sealably cover the opening 300, i.e., by forming a barrier against water and / or potential dust.

[0071] Therefore, the protection module 31 may include a sealing plate 313 disposed between the upper surfaces 30a of the box, and more specifically, between the opening 300 of the box 30 and the movable cover 310. Referring now to... Figures 3A to 5 Describes the engagement between the sealing plate 313 and the upper surface of the box 30 on one side, and the tracker module 20 on the other side.

[0072] The sealing plate 313 may be configured to cover the opening 300 of the housing 30 so as to allow overflow along the sealing plate 313 above the upper surface 30a of the housing 30, at least when the protection module 31 is in its closed position P0.

[0073] For example, the opening 300 of the box 30 may be at least partially, and preferably entirely, surrounded by a border 301, which forms a raised portion relative to the surface 30a of the box 30. This raised portion thus forms a barrier against water, allowing water to remain on the upper surface 30a of the box 30. The border 301 may, for example, extend substantially perpendicular to the main extending plane of the upper surface 30a of the box 30 for a distance, and thus extend along the Z direction for a distance substantially greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 cm.

[0074] The sealing plate 313 may complementarily cover the raised member. For this purpose, the sealing plate 313 may include a side frame 3131 that covers the frame 301, more specifically, along the substantially vertical direction Z. To allow this coverage, it is understood that the lateral dimension of the sealing plate 313 in the (X, Y) plane may be larger than the dimension of the opening 300. The lateral dimension of the sealing plate 313 in the (X, Y) plane may be larger than the dimension of the movable cover 310.

[0075] As shown in the example, border 301 forms the periphery of opening 300. Border 301 may extend beyond the upper surface 30a of box 30 at a certain distance from the periphery of opening 300.

[0076] When the protection module 31 is in its open position P1, the sealing plate 313 can further form a watertight interface between the tracker module 20 and the interior of the housing 30. For this purpose, as... Figures 4A to 5 As shown, the sealing plate 313 may have an opening 3130 that is complementary to the outer periphery of the tracker module 20, such as the larger side periphery 200a of the tracker. This allows the sealing plate 313 to slide around this periphery. This periphery of the tracker module may be the periphery 200a of the platform 200 of the tracker module 20. More specifically, the opening 3130 may have a first periphery 3130a that is complementary to the periphery 200a of the platform 200. Thus, the interior of the housing 30 is protected from harsh weather and dust that may be present therein when the protective module 31 is in the open position. To further improve the sealing, the connection between the sealing plate 313 and the tracker module 20 may include a seal 314.

[0077] According to one example, actuator 311 is a linear actuator. In an alternative, the actuator may be specified as, for example, a rotary actuator, such as a motor configured to rotate the movable cover 310 about axis A1. Hereinafter, actuator 311 may be described in a non-limiting manner as a linear actuator, such as a cylinder. According to one example, actuator 311 hinges the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 together. Thus, actuator 311 connects the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 to form a fastening assembly relative to the housing 30 and the spectrometer 2.

[0078] Furthermore, the platform 20 of the tracker module 20 typically forms the outer periphery of the tracker module 20, protruding into the plane (X, Y). The sealing plate 313 engages complementaryly with the periphery 200a of the platform 200, and the fastening assembly formed by at least the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 can be easily removed from the protective device 300 to the point where components of the housing 30 or spectrometer 2 would have to be disassembled. The fastening assembly formed by at least the movable cover 310 and the sealing plate 313 can indeed pass around the tracker module 20. For example, if the actuator 311 is blocked, this assembly can therefore be removed.

[0079] The sealing plate 313 can be removably secured to the box 30 by means of the frame 301, for example, by screwing. Figure 4A As shown in the diagram, opening 3131a.

[0080] according to Figure 4AIn the example shown, actuator 311 can be hinged at a first end to sealing plate 313 via U-shaped clamp 3111, which forms a pivot connection around axis A3. Actuator 311 can be hinged at a second end to movable cover 310 via another U-shaped clamp 3110, which forms a pivot connection around axis A2.

[0081] The protection module 31 may also include a support frame 312 disposed between the sealing plate 313 and the movable cover 310, for example... Figure 4A As shown. A support frame 312 is disposed between the two elements and may be included in the assembly fastened by the actuator 311 described above. The movable cover 310 may be rotatably mounted on the support frame 312, for example by means of a hinge 3100. More specifically, the movable cover 310 may rest on the support frame 312 in the closed position P0. The support frame 312 may form an overlift portion of the movable cover relative to the sealing plate 313 to facilitate its rotation. The upper surface 30a of the box may include at least one abutment on which the cover rests when it is in its maximum open position P1. This may, for example, reduce the force on the actuator during ventilation of the movable cover.

[0082] Furthermore, the support frame 312 can form an additional barrier against water flowing out along the protective module 31. To prevent water or dust from entering the housing of the protective module 31 when it is in the closed position P0, the support frame 312 may include a frame 3120 on its mating surface with the movable cover 310. The frame 3120 may form a raised member around which the movable cover 310 closes. Therefore, the sealing performance in the closed position is further improved.

[0083] Preferably, the support frame 312 surrounds the opening 3130 of the sealing plate 313 by protruding into the plane (X, Y). In this same plane, the support frame 312 may be surrounded by the outer periphery of the sealing plate 313, such as the frame 3131.

[0084] The support frame 312 can be fixed to the sealing plate 313, for example, by screwing. Figure 3A Line 3121 in the diagram is shown as an example of being able to be screwed onto the side edges of the sealing plate 313 and the support frame 312.

[0085] The measurement system 1, preferably the protection device 3, may also include sensors attached to the spectrometer 2. These sensors 32 can perform measurements of the solar spectrum. These sensors can facilitate the automation of the actuation of the protection module 31, as will be seen in detail with reference to measurement method 4. These sensors may be selected from a solar sensor 320 (e.g., a solar intensity meter), a rain detector 321, a temperature sensor 322, and a humidity sensor 323. The temperature sensor 322 and the humidity sensor 323 may be housed in a common enclosure. These sensors are preferably located outside the housing 30 and the protection module 31 so as to be exposed to ambient conditions independently of the opening and closing of the protection module 31. The sensor or these sensors 32 may be connected to the housing, for example, by means of a mast 324, such as... Figure 1A , Figure 1B As shown.

[0086] The protective device 3 may also include various other additional components. For example, the protective device 3 may include a temperature regulating module 34 configured to regulate the temperature inside the housing 30. The temperature regulating module 34 is preferably disposed on the exterior of the housing 30, for example, on one of its side surfaces. More specifically, the temperature regulating module 34 is disposed on the surface of the housing 30 exposed to the north during use of the measuring system 1. The protective device 3 may be painted white to improve the effectiveness of the temperature regulating module 34.

[0087] Box 30 may also include at least one access hatch that allows access to the interior of box 30 without disassembling box 30, for example Figure 1A , Figure 1B The hatch 35 is shown. The upper surface 30a of the box can be removably mounted to allow for the installation or removal of the spectrometer 2 of the protective device 3. According to one example, the upper surface 30A is mounted to be rotatably movable relative to the rest of the box 30. For example, this rotation can be achieved by means of a hinge. According to one example, the device 3 is configured such that the upper surface 30A can be rotatably moved between an open position and a closed position without affecting the position of the tracker module 20. Therefore, the box 30 can be opened and closed with the tracker module 20 in place without risking impact and damage to the top of the tracker module 20. According to one example, the upper surface 30A can be opened regardless of the position of the protective module 31, and in particular the position of the movable cover 310. Preferably, the upper surface 30A is rotatably movable relative to the rest of the box 30 within angular intervals greater than or equal to 90°, preferably substantially equal to 100°. The upper surface 30A can be rotatably moved, for example by means of a hinge. Figure 1A The clamp system 39 shown is locked in the closed position.

[0088] The box 30 may also include at least one interface panel 36 between the inside and outside of the box. The interface panel 36 may include, for example, a connector, such as a sleeve and / or a button.

[0089] The protection device 3 may also include a battery and / or an inverter to allow power to be supplied to the various components that make it up, as well as the spectrometer 2. This power supply may be, for example, an emergency power supply in case of an unforeseen power outage of the measurement system 1. Preferably, when a power outage is detected, the movable cover 310 automatically closes to protect the instrument if the power outage continues.

[0090] For example, the system may include a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) unit to ensure the electrical integrity of the system using AC / DC power and, in the event of a power outage, a battery. This UPS unit is located, for example, in the power electronics section of the system's electrical system, within housing 30. Housing 30 may include four feet 38 configured to adjust its base, for example, by means of threaded mounting. Housing 30 may include a handle 37 that facilitates its transport.

[0091] Now refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 Measurement method 4 will be described in more detail. Figure 6 In this context, parallel paths represent variations that can or cannot be combined, and dashed elements represent optional steps that can or cannot be combined.

[0092] Measurement system 1 (40) can be provided at the start of method 4. In the initial state, protection module 31 can be in its closed position P0. Protection module 31 can also be initially open.

[0093] To allow measurements (42) via the spectrometer 2, the method may include opening (41) the protective module 31, more specifically, opening the movable cover 310 to expose the tracker module 20 to sunlight 5. When the protective module 31 is in the open position, preferably in the fully open position, solar spectrum measurements (42) can be performed. During the measurement, the tracker module 20 can track the sun's trajectory. For this purpose, a camera can be used in conjunction with an information return circuit. The tracker module 20 can be powered by software, for example... Figure 7 The software is designed by CAMTracker for control. According to one example, opening the protection module 31 causes the measurement (42) to begin.

[0094] The measurement (42) may include any other data from the sensor 32 of the measurement system 1, such as temperature measurement, sunlight measurement and / or humidity measurement.

[0095] Once the measurement (42) has been completed, the protection module 31, more specifically the movable cover 310, can be switched to its closed position P0. Excluding the measurement, the tracker module 20 can thus be protected from dust and harsh weather.

[0096] During measurement (42) or a predetermined sequence of measurements (42), it may be specified that protection module 31 must be shut down depending on environmental and / or power supply conditions. This may occur, for example, if sunlight conditions are no longer sufficient, in the presence of rain, or in the event of an unexpected power outage of measurement system 1. According to one example, the shutdown of protection module 31 causes measurement (42) to stop. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be sought to verify whether environmental conditions allow for satisfactory measurement (42) to be performed upstream of or at the start of measurement (42).

[0097] Therefore, the method may include measuring environmental and / or power supply conditions (45) via a corresponding sensor 32, allowing a decision (44) to be made regarding the opening and / or closing of the protection module 31. This measurement (45) may be performed periodically or even continuously during the measurement (42). Alternatively or additionally, it may be specified that the measurement (45) is performed before the measurement (42), for example, during the initialization steps of the measurement system 1, or also upon user request.

[0098] For example, to verify sufficient sunlight conditions and initiate a measurement (42), a measurement (450) can be performed using a sunlight sensor 320. If the value of the sunlight measurement (450) is less than the shutdown threshold of the protection module 31, the shutdown of the protection module 31 can be triggered (440). If the value of the sunlight measurement (450) is greater than the shutdown threshold of the protection module 31, the opening of the protection module 31 can be triggered (440). The opening threshold and the shutdown threshold can be separate or equal. According to one example, under direct sunlight conditions, the opening threshold and / or the shutdown threshold are greater than or equal to 120 W / m. 2 .

[0099] Rain and / or no rain can be detected by rain detector 321 (451). When rain is detected, protection module 31 can be turned off (441). When no rain is detected, for example after rain (i.e., when rain is detected to have stopped), protection module 31 can be turned on (441).

[0100] The power supply status and / or battery / inverter charging status can be determined (452). Based on this status, the protection module 31 can be turned on or off (442). For example, while the measurement system 1 is powered, the power supply may be unexpectedly cut off. The measurement system 1 may include an inverter or battery, allowing for temporary power relay. This can be detected (452) and thus cause the protection module 31 to be turned off (442) to ensure that the tracker module 20 is protected before the power supply to the measurement system 1 is cut off.

[0101] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can identify other solutions for attaching sensor 32 to measurement system 1 to automate the opening and / or closing of protection module 31 based on external conditions and / or to complete measurement 42. For example, measurement system 1, preferably protection device 3, may include a positioning sensor, such as GPS sensor 325. The positioning sensor can be used to track the trajectory of the sun. The positioning coordinates of protection system 1 can be provided, for example, to CamTracker software to control tracker module 20.

[0102] Alternatively or additionally, the measurement system 1 may include an interface configured to receive instructions from a user, whether remote or issued via a button located on the measurement system 1. Method 4 may include turning on (460) and / or turning off (461) the protection module 31 upon receiving the instruction (46).

[0103] When monitoring environmental conditions (45), these conditions may change rapidly, such as when the weather changes. Therefore, it is understandable that repeated opening and closing of the protection module 31 risks damage over a long period. Therefore, measurement method 4 may include hysteresis, enabling timing of the opening and / or closing of the protection module 31. For this purpose, during monitoring of environmental conditions 45, the method may include a first measurement M1 and a second measurement M2 that are staggered in time. If the monitored environmental conditions change during this time interval, there is no need to change the open or closed state of the protection module 31.

[0104] According to one example, the first measurement M1 and the second measurement M2 include sunlight measurements (450) performed by a sunlight sensor 320. When the measured values ​​M1 and M2 are greater than an opening threshold, the protection module 31 can be opened (440). When the measured values ​​M1 and M2 are less than a closing threshold, the protection module 31 can be closed (440). The timing associated with the sunlight values ​​allows for the avoidance of repeated opening and closing of the protection module, for example, once clouds temporarily obscure the sun.

[0105] Alternatively or supplementarily, the first measurement M1 and the second measurement M2 may include a detection of no rain (451). When each of the measurements M1 and M2 includes no rain detected, the protection module 31 may be turned on (440). The timing associated with the detection of no rain makes it possible to avoid repeated turning the protection module on and off, for example during brief showers, and especially when the weather may be sunny but accompanied by intermittent showers.

[0106] According to one example, protection module 31 shuts down once the rain detector detects rain. Regarding rain, a timer can be implemented only to detect no rain, ensuring that severe weather has ended before protection module 31 is opened. Therefore, once rain is detected, the system can initiate the closing procedure of the movable cover 310. When no rain is detected, the closing timer can be initiated by preventing the movable cover 310 from being accidentally opened within a given time. Rain detection can be continuous.

[0107] The time interval between two consecutive measurements M1 and M2 can be greater than or equal to 30 seconds, preferably greater than or equal to 1 minute, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 minutes, and even more preferably greater than or equal to 10 minutes. Sunlight measurement 450 can be performed continuously in practice, for example, once per second. Measurements can be averaged over a given time interval to constitute measurement M1 or M2. Multiple measurements can be averaged over time intervals greater than or equal to 1 minute, greater than or equal to 5 minutes, and preferably greater than or equal to 10 minutes to constitute measurement M1 and / or M2. Measurements M1 and M2 can be averaged over mutually independent time intervals. The moving average values ​​M1 and M2 can be compared with a sunlight threshold to determine whether the instrument is facing the sun. Therefore, the on or off state of the protection module 31 can be adapted.

[0108] According to one example, sunlight measurements (450) are averaged over time intervals of 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, to form measurement M1; and subsequent sunlight measurements can be averaged over time intervals of 1 minute to form measurement M2. This operation can be repeated in a sliding manner to form time-shifting average values ​​M1 and M2. For example, the average value M2 obtained per minute can be compared with the average measurement M1 so as to optionally update the protection module 31.

[0109] Therefore, it is possible to determine the daylight hours corresponding to the time when the daylight threshold is exceeded within a given time range based on these average values.

[0110] For example, Figure 11 This is illustrated. Daylight duration 80, typically exceeding 10 minutes, corresponds to a time exceeding the sunlight threshold. Measurements M1 and M2 can be performed such that when the percentage P1 of this time, for example 80%, is higher than the sunlight value, the movable cover 310 opens 81. This corresponds to... Figure 11The shaded area in the sunlight. Measurements M1 and M2 can be made such that when the preferred percentage P2 of that time is less than P1, for example, 20% below the daylight value, the movable cover 310 closes 82. This corresponds to... Figure 11 The non-shaded areas in the image.

[0111] Now refer to Figure 7 A schematic example of a system architecture is described. It is understood that this system architecture is given as an example, and other variations are possible. The measurement system 1 may include a computer 6 configured to control the protection device 3 and the spectrometer 2. The computer 6 may be physically associated with the protection device 3, or it may be a remote computer communicating with the protection device 3 and / or the spectrometer 2.

[0112] For example, computer 6 can receive data from sensor 32 of measurement system 1 and spectrometer 2. Computer 6 can control tracker module 20, for example, via camera return 621. Tracker module 20 can be controlled by software, such as CAMTracker software. For example, solar spectra can be acquired using OPUS 622 software from Bruker. Computer 6 can be configured to automate measurements, for example, via controller 62. Computer 6 can be divided into three components: a model for data and business logic, a view (or display) for the user interface, and a controller for coordination. This separation facilitates modularity, maintainability, and scalability of the application. Computer 6 may include: - Data Automation Module 620. This module may include a processing sequence that manages different software systems. This module can use software robots to perform these tasks, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the operational process. This sequence may be referred to as RPA (Robotic Process Automation, translated from French as Automatisation robotisée des processus); and / or - A module for the user interface of managing the UPS unit, which can be referred to as UPS-CONF 623; and / or - Module 625 for managing data from GPS sensor 325; and / or - An adaptive controller 624 for the temperature regulation module 34, for example, software that manages the interface between the temperature regulation module 34 and the computer.

[0113] Computer 6 can be configured to manage the received data and store it in database 63. This data can be incorporated into model 61, for example.

[0114] The computer 6 may also include a display 60 through which the user can send requests and receive responses to control the measurement system 1.

[0115] The measurement system 1 may include a management circuit 33 associated with the protection device 3. The management circuit may reside within the protection device 3 to avoid remote communication with the computer 6. For example, the management circuit 33 may include: managing the actuator 311 in response to monitoring (45) of environmental and / or power conditions, and, for example, managing the opening (41) and / or closing (43) hysteresis of the protection module 31. Thus, the management circuit 33 can control the actuator 311. For this purpose, the management circuit 33 may include a microcontroller. As seen above, the management circuit is used to receive data from the sensor 32 and from the spectrometer 2. The inverter and / or battery may further actuate the actuator 311 according to the methods described above, for example, in the event of an unexpected power outage, via the management circuit 33 or via additional circuitry.

[0116] Figures 8 to 10 A measurement is shown using a measurement system 1 according to one embodiment. Figure 8 The number of measurement days per year is shown as 70 out of 71. As of 2020 (inclusive), spectrometer 2 was not installed in protection device 3. Since 2021, spectrometer 2 has been installed in protection device 3 as described above. It can be observed that data availability has significantly improved since 2021, particularly thanks to the automation of opening and closing the protection module based on external conditions.

[0117] Figure 9 and Figure 10 It shows August 2022 ( Figure 9 ) and August 15, 2022 ( Figure 10 Solar radiation during the period 72, rainfall conditions (time intervals are indicated by asterisks) The indicator shows the status of the protection module (on = 1, off = 0) 73. It can be observed that when solar radiation is sufficient, the protection module 31 is on, and then when the weather becomes cloudy, i.e., solar radiation drops to a predetermined sunlight value, in this example, 120W / m², the protection module 31 is off. 2 The protection module 31 is then turned off. It can be further observed that the hysteresis introduced in the management circuit 33 prevents the protection module 31 from frequently opening and closing, thereby protecting the mechanical components.

[0118] This invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but extends to all embodiments covered by this invention. This invention is not limited to the examples described above. Many other variations of the embodiments may exist without departing from the scope of this invention, for example, by combining the above features. Furthermore, features described in relation to one aspect of this invention may be combined with another aspect of this invention.

Claims

1. A system (1) for measuring atmospheric data, comprising: • Fourier transform spectrometer (2), which includes a so-called "tracker" module (20) configured to track the trajectory of the sun and direct direct sunlight into the spectrometer (2) to obtain a set of atmospheric data; • A protective device (3), which includes, on one hand, a box (30) having an upper surface (30a), and on the other hand, a so-called "protective" module (31) disposed on the upper surface (30a). The protective module (31) is movable between a closed position (P0) and at least one open position (P1). In the closed position (P0), the protective module (31) completely surrounds the tracker module (20), and in the at least one open position (P1), the protective module (31) does not completely surround the tracker module (20), allowing the tracker module (20) to be exposed to sunlight (5). The protection module (31) is characterized in that it comprises: • A cover (310) that is rotatably movable about an axis (A1) substantially parallel to the main extension plane of the upper surface (30a) of the box (30) in order to switch between the closed position (P0) and the at least one open position (P1); • Actuator (311) configured to rotate the movable cover (310) between the closed position (P0) and the at least one open position (P1).

2. The measurement system (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The protection module (31) includes a so-called sealing plate (313) disposed between the upper surface (30a) of the box (30) and the movable cover (310), and configured to form a watertight interface between the tracker module (20) and the box (30).

3. The measurement system (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The sealing plate (313) has an opening (3130) having a first periphery (3130a), and the tracker module (20) has a second outer periphery (200a) at the sealing plate (313), the first periphery (3130a) and the second periphery (200a) being complementaryly formed, and preferably, the first periphery (3130a) and the second periphery (200a) are connected by a seal (314).

4. The measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding two claims, wherein, The upper surface (30a) of the box (30) has an opening (300), the tracker module (20) extends beyond the opening (300) so that it is surrounded by the movable cover (311) at least when the protection module (31) is in the closed position (P0), and wherein the sealing plate (313) is configured to cover the opening (300).

5. The measurement system (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The opening (300) of the box (30) is at least partially, preferably completely, surrounded by a frame (301) that forms a raised member on the upper surface (30a) of the box (30), and wherein the sealing plate (313) is configured to complementarily cover the raised member formed by the frame (301).

6. A measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding four claims, wherein, The actuator (311) is a linear actuator, and the actuator (311) hinges the movable cover (310) and the sealing plate (313) together.

7. The measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The protection module (31) includes a support frame (312) disposed between the upper surface (30a) of the box and the movable cover (310), the movable cover (310) being rotatably mounted on the support frame (312) and resting on the support frame (312) in the closed position (P0).

8. The measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes at least one sensor (32) selected from the following: a sunlight sensor (320), a rain detector (321), a temperature sensor (322), a relative humidity sensor (323), and a pressure sensor.

9. The measurement system (1) according to the preceding claim, the system (1) further comprising a sunlight sensor (320) and / or a rain detector (321), and the system comprising a management circuit (33) configured to control the actuator based at least on data from the sunlight sensor (320) and / or the rain detector (321).

10. The measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a temperature regulation module (34) configured to regulate the temperature inside the box (30) and at least partially disposed outside the box (30).

11. The measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The cover plate (310) can be rotatably moved between the closed position (P0) and the maximum open position (P1) within an angular interval (α1) of greater than or equal to 80°, preferably less than or equal to 100°.

12. A method (4) for measuring atmospheric data in an atmospheric column, comprising: • Provide (40) the measurement system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; • The movable cover (310) is opened (41) by the actuator (311) so that the movable cover (310) is switched to the at least one open position (P1) by rotational movement about the axis (A1) of the main extension plane of the upper surface (30a) of the box (30) which is substantially parallel to the box (30), and thus exposes the tracker module (20) to direct sunlight (5). • At least one measurement (42) of a set of atmospheric data is performed by the Fourier transform spectrometer (2), with the cover (310) in the at least one open position (P1). • The movable cover (310) is closed (42) by the linear actuator (311) so that the movable cover (310) is switched to the closed position (P0) by rotational movement about the axis (A1).

13. The method (4) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The measurement system (1) includes a sunlight sensor (320), and the method includes: • Before at least one of the opening (41) and closing (43) of the protection module, at least one first measurement (M1) and one second measurement (M2) related to sunlight are performed by the sunlight sensor (320), the first (M1) and the second (M2) measurements being time-spaced apart; and • Make a decision (44, 440) regarding at least one of the opening (41) or closing (43) of the protection module (31), such that: › When the first (M1) and second (M2) sunlight measurement values ​​are greater than the opening threshold, the protection module (31) opens; › When the first (M1) and second (M2) sunlight measurement values ​​are less than the shutdown threshold, the protection module (31) is shut down.

14. The method (4) according to the preceding claim, wherein, The measurement system (1) includes a rain detector (321), and the method includes: • Rain and / or no rain are detected (451) by the rain detector (321); and • Make a decision (44, 441) regarding at least one of the opening (41) and closing (43) of the protection module (31), such that: › When no rain is detected, the protection module (31) is turned on (41); › When rain is detected, the protection module (31) is turned off (43).

15. The method (4) according to any one of the preceding three claims, wherein, The movable cover (310) remains fixed during at least one measurement (42) of a set of atmospheric data, and preferably during a sequence including multiple atmospheric data measurements (42).

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