Fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation for reducing body fat content of pseudosciaena crocea and application of fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of pseudosciaena crocea and application of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation. The fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation is prepared by taking spina date seeds, radix gentianae, fructus gardeniae, radix bupleuri and liquorice as fermentation substrates, inoculating a probiotic compound preparation consisting of saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum and performing solid fermentation, the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing Chinese herbal medicines, drying at 60 DEG C, carrying out superfine grinding, weighing Chinese herbal medicine powder in proportion, uniformly mixing, and inoculating a probiotic compound preparation consisting of saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum with the mixture of the Chinese herbal medicine powder as a fermentation substrate for solid fermentation. The feed is prepared by fermenting Chinese herbal medicines through microorganisms, the body fat content of the pseudosciaena crocea is reduced, the pseudosciaena crocea is fed in a mixed feeding mode, the content of fat related substances in fish bodies is effectively reduced, the activity of lipid metabolism related enzymes in livers is recovered and improved, accumulation of lipid in the bodies of the pseudosciaena crocea is reduced, and the quality and survival rate of the pseudosciaena crocea are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fish farming technology, specifically relating to a fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) belongs to the class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, and genus Pseudosciaena. It is a unique marine economic fish species endemic to my country. Due to its golden color, tender flesh, and rich nutritional value, the large yellow croaker is highly popular. Currently, large yellow croaker is mostly farmed in net cages and fed artificial feed. To shorten the farming cycle, high-fat feeds are often chosen in practice. However, the widespread use of high-fat feeds has led to an increase in the fat content of large yellow croakers, with a fat-to-body weight ratio as high as 11.8g / 100g. High-fat feeds have significant negative effects on fish growth, metabolism, and physiological functions, causing lipid metabolism disorders, hepatic steatosis, and fatty liver disease. Furthermore, it leads to a decline in muscle quality and appearance, affecting the economic value of the large yellow croaker. To prevent disease, reduce losses during large yellow croaker farming, and improve the quality and economic value of the fish, measures to reduce fat accumulation in the large yellow croaker are urgently needed.

[0003] In existing technologies, most treatments rely on common drugs (such as antibiotics) to directly treat diseases in large yellow croaker caused by abnormal lipid metabolism due to high-fat feed. However, this only improves the health of the large yellow croaker and cannot reverse the decline in muscle quality caused by excessive body fat. Moreover, the consequences of drug abuse are very serious. As regulations on drug use in aquaculture become more comprehensive, rules are established regarding the types and amounts of drugs used, leading to increased drug costs. Furthermore, drugs in aquaculture are generally mixed into feed or directly sprinkled into the water, which easily pollutes the environment and can even lead to serious consequences such as the development of bacterial resistance. Direct drug administration can also result in drug residues in the fish, posing a food safety hazard.

[0004] Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a comprehensive system of medicinal herbs and plants, composed of plant-based, animal-based, and mineral-based drugs. Common active ingredients in TCM include alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, glycosides, volatile oils (essential oils), and tannins. TCM has accumulated extensive clinical experience and proven formulas in aquaculture, demonstrating its value in improving the quality and immunity of farmed aquatic animals such as fish. According to relevant regulations, TCM preparations are exempt from certain restrictions, and some TCM herbs are even listed as food and medicine homology, making them environmentally safe and eliminating the need for withdrawal periods. Furthermore, the application of probiotics in the fermentation of TCM enhances its efficacy and reduces its toxic side effects, allowing for a better utilization of its medicinal properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation that reduces the body fat content of large yellow croaker. This preparation is made by fermenting traditional Chinese medicine using microorganisms, and can reduce the body fat content of large yellow croaker.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fermented herbal medicine preparation that reduces the body fat content of large yellow croaker.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the fermented herbal preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker in the preparation of functional feed for large yellow croaker to reduce the body fat content of large yellow croaker.

[0008] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker. It is a preparation of a traditional Chinese medicine composition for solid-state fermentation using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. The traditional Chinese medicine includes the following components: jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice. The powder of the above traditional Chinese medicine is used as a fermentation substrate, and a probiotic compound preparation composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated and solid-state fermented.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice is 5:2:2:2:2.

[0011] Preferably, the number of viable bacteria obtained by the solid-state fermentation is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the two probiotic freeze-dried powders, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum, is 1:1.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) Weigh out the Chinese herbal medicines jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice, dry them in an oven at 60℃, then pulverize them into ultrafine powder, weigh out the powders of each Chinese herbal medicine according to the proportion and mix them evenly.

[0015] (2) Using the mixture of the Chinese herbal medicine powders as a fermentation substrate, a probiotic compound preparation composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated for solid fermentation to obtain the product.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the number of viable bacteria obtained by solid-state fermentation is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the two probiotic freeze-dried powders of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the traditional Chinese medicine is mixed with the two probiotic freeze-dried powders in a mass ratio of 100:1.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the solid fermentation time is 5 to 7 days.

[0019] A third aspect of the present invention provides the use of the fermented herbal preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker in the preparation of functional feed for large yellow croaker to reduce the body fat content of large yellow croaker.

[0020] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a functional feed for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker, comprising a basic feed and a fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker, wherein the fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation accounts for 2-3% of the total mass of the feed.

[0021] Preferably, the fermented herbal medicine preparation accounts for 2.44% of the total feed mass.

[0022] Preferably, the basic feed includes white fish meal, peeled soybean meal, wheat flour, choline chloride, soybean lecithin powder, vitamin C phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, mold inhibitor, and antioxidant.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention utilizes the co-fermentation of traditional Chinese medicine, primarily Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa, by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum to obtain a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly pharmaceutical preparation. When fed to large yellow croaker via mixing with feed, it effectively reduces the content of fat-related substances in the serum and liver tissue of the fish, restores and enhances the activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver, thereby reducing lipid accumulation in the large yellow croaker, promoting its health, improving its survival rate, and enhancing its quality.

[0025] 2. This invention utilizes traditional Chinese medicine with fewer restrictions, readily available and diverse raw materials, and low cost. It does not induce drug resistance and leaves no drug metabolites in the fish's body. By regulating lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker, it reduces the content of fat metabolites, thereby preventing lipid metabolism disorders and related diseases caused by high-fat feed intake, thus playing a preventative role. It also promotes the digestion, absorption, and growth of large yellow croaker. Furthermore, the combined fermentation with *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* and *Lactobacillus plantarum* significantly enhances the activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in large yellow croaker and reduces its fat content, mitigating the negative effects of high-fat feed on the fish. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on serum TG content in large yellow croaker were investigated in the examples.

[0027] Figure 2 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on serum T-CHO in large yellow croaker were investigated.

[0028] Figure 3 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on serum MDA content in large yellow croaker were investigated.

[0029] Figure 4 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on the T-CHO content in the liver of large yellow croaker were investigated.

[0030] Figure 5 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on the TG content in the liver of large yellow croaker.

[0031] Figure 6 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on LPS activity in the liver of large yellow croaker.

[0032] Figure 7 The effects of traditional Chinese medicine and fermented traditional Chinese medicine on the body fat content of large yellow croaker. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The herbal preparations used in the following examples are jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice, in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:2:2.

[0035] Weigh the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicines and dry them in an oven at 60℃. Then, pulverize them into ultrafine powders. Weigh out the powders of each Chinese herbal medicine according to the proportion and mix them evenly to obtain the final product.

[0036] The fermented herbal medicine preparation used in the following examples is a preparation of a herbal medicine composition fermented using a combination of *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* and *Lactobacillus plantarum* in a solid-state fermentation process. The herbal medicines include the following components: jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum, and licorice, in a mass ratio of 5:2:2:2:2. Using the powdered herbal medicines as a fermentation substrate, a probiotic compound preparation composed of *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* and *Lactobacillus plantarum* is inoculated and subjected to solid-state fermentation. The number of viable bacteria obtained from the solid-state fermentation is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶.9 CFU / mL.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The basic feed formula for large yellow croaker was used as the base formula, and fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations were added to the base formula to make the mass ratio of the above preparations in the feed 2.44% (i.e., 25g / kg or 25mL / kg). In addition, a conventional feed group was used as a negative control group. The base feed formula is shown in Table 1. The experimental groups were divided into group A (traditional Chinese medicine group) and group B (fermented traditional Chinese medicine group).

[0039] Table 1: Basic Compound Feed Formulation and Chemical Composition (% Dry Weight)

[0040] raw material Formula content White fish powder 1 52.00 Soybean Meal 1 11.6 fish oil 3.00 soybean oil 3.00 wheat flour 1 20.00 Yeast powder 1 3.00 Lecithin 2.50 Complex Minerals 2 2.00 Multivitamin 3 2.00 antioxidants 0.05 Appetite enhancer 4 0.30 Anti-mildew agent 5 0.10 choline chloride 0.25 Vitamin C 0.20 Chemical composition analysis content crude protein 45 Crude fat 12

[0041] 1. Fish meal: crude protein, 67.6%; crude fat, 7.8%; soybean meal: crude protein, 46.2%; crude fat, 1.7%; wheat flour: crude protein, 13.9%; crude fat, 1.9%; yeast powder: crude protein, 57.1%; crude fat, 3.5%.

[0042] 2. Compound minerals (mg or g / kg feed): Sodium fluoride, 2mg; Potassium iodide, 0.8mg; Cobalt chloride (1%), 50mg; Copper sulfate, 10mg; Ferric sulfate, 80mg; Zinc sulfate, 50mg; Copper sulfate, 60mg; Magnesium sulfate, 1200mg; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 8000mg; Sodium chloride, 100mg; Zeolite powder, 10.447g.

[0043] 3. Compound vitamins (mg or g / kg feed): Thiamine, 25mg; Riboflavin, 45mg; Pyridoxine hydrochloride, 20mg; Vitamin B12, 0.1mg; Vitamin K3, 10mg; Inositol, 800mg; Pantothenic acid, 60mg; Niacin, 200mg; Folic acid, 20mg; Biotin, 1.20mg; Vitamin A, 32mg; Vitamin D3, 5mg; Vitamin E, 120mg; Vitamin C, 2000mg; Choline, 2000mg; Ethoxyquinoline, 150mg; Microcrystalline cellulose, 14.52g.

[0044] 4. Appetite enhancers: glycine + betaine.

[0045] 5. Antifungal agent: Sodium benzoate.

[0046] In this embodiment, 540 juvenile large yellow croakers with an initial weight of 30g were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates per group and 60 fish per replicate. The rearing period was 8 weeks. After the rearing period, the fish were fasted for 24 hours. Subsequently, the fish were anesthetized, and blood was collected from the tail vein of 6 fish in each group. The blood was stored at room temperature, centrifuged, and the supernatant was collected to obtain serum. The activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum was then measured. Also, the livers of 6 fish in each group were randomly selected, and the activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver was measured. The results are as follows: Figures 1 to 7 As shown.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly reduced the serum TG (triglyceride) content; Figure 2 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly reduced the serum T-CHO (total cholesterol) content; Figure 3 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly reduced the serum MDA (malondialdehyde) content; Figure 4 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly reduced the content of T-CHO (total cholesterol) in the liver; Figure 5 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly reduced the content of TG (triglycerides) in the liver; Figure 6 As shown, compared with the unfermented group and the control group, the fermented group significantly increased the activity of LPS (lipase) in the liver; Figure 7 As shown, the fermented group significantly reduced the fat content in the fish compared to the unfermented group and the control group.

[0048] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker, characterized in that, It is a preparation of a traditional Chinese medicine composition fermented in solid state using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. The traditional Chinese medicine includes the following components: jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice. The powder of the above traditional Chinese medicine is used as a fermentation substrate, and a probiotic compound preparation composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated for solid state fermentation.

2. The fermented herbal preparation for reducing body fat content in large yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice is 5:2:2:2:

2.

3. The fermented herbal preparation for reducing body fat content in large yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of viable bacteria obtained from the solid-state fermentation is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

4. The fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation for reducing body fat content in large yellow croaker according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the two probiotic freeze-dried powders, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum, is 1:

1.

5. The method for preparing the fermented herbal medicine preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out the Chinese herbal medicines jujube seed, gentian, gardenia, bupleurum and licorice, dry them in an oven at 60℃, then pulverize them into ultrafine powder, weigh out the powders of each Chinese herbal medicine according to the proportion and mix them evenly. (2) Using the mixture of the Chinese herbal medicine powders as a fermentation substrate, a probiotic compound preparation composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated for solid fermentation to obtain the product.

6. The method for preparing fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparations according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the number of viable bacteria obtained by solid-state fermentation is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; And / or the two probiotic freeze-dried powders of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the traditional Chinese medicine is mixed with the two probiotic freeze-dried powders in a mass ratio of 100:1; And / or the solid fermentation time is 5 to 7 days.

7. The use of the fermented herbal preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the preparation of functional feed for large yellow croaker to reduce body fat content.

8. A functional feed for reducing the body fat content of large yellow croaker, characterized in that, It includes a basic feed, and also includes the fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation accounts for 2 to 3% of the total mass of the feed.

9. The functional feed for large yellow croaker according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fermented herbal medicine preparations accounted for 2.44% of the total feed mass.

10. The functional feed for large yellow croaker according to claim 8, characterized in that, The basic feed includes white fish meal, peeled soybean meal, wheat flour, choline chloride, soybean lecithin powder, vitamin C phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, mold inhibitor, and antioxidant.

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