Laser cutting machine for real-time flue gas treatment in plate processing

Abstract

A laser cutting machine for real-time flue gas treatment in plate processing comprises a cutting platform, a driving table and a laser cutting head, the cutting platform comprises a supporting toothed plate, a gas guide grating and a negative pressure plate which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, a negative pressure bin is arranged in the negative pressure plate, a plurality of dust filtering bins distributed in a matrix mode are arranged on the gas guide grating, and the dust filtering bins are arranged on the driving table. Each dust filtering bin is connected with the negative pressure bin through an on-off valve, the on-off valves are configured to be opened and closed according to air of the position of a workpiece on the supporting toothed plate, and only the on-off valves located in the edge area of the workpiece and below the laser cutting head are opened. The dust filtering bins distributed in a matrix mode and the corresponding on-off valves are arranged, the on-off valves are controlled to be selectively opened and closed according to the workpiece position and the laser cutting head position, the problems of airflow dispersion and wind speed reduction caused by too large coverage area of a traditional lower air draft system are solved, local strong negative pressure can be formed in a cutting point and a workpiece edge area, and the cutting efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, unnecessary air consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cutting machine technology, specifically referring to a laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting offers advantages in sheet metal processing, including high precision, smooth and flat cuts, and no need for secondary processing. It is particularly suitable for cutting complex contours and intricate patterns. As a non-contact process, laser cutting generates virtually no mechanical stress, effectively preventing workpiece deformation. It is also highly adaptable, capable of efficiently processing various metal materials. Furthermore, CNC programming allows for rapid switching between production tasks, enhancing production flexibility and efficiency, making it one of the core technologies in modern sheet metal manufacturing.

[0003] However, during laser cutting, the high-energy-density laser beam instantly melts and vaporizes the material, generating a large amount of harmful fumes composed of metal vapor and tiny oxide particles. If these fumes are not removed in time, they will cause various problems. For example, the fumes can obscure or scatter the laser beam, leading to energy attenuation on the workpiece, resulting in rough cuts, slag buildup, or even cutting interruption. The diffused fumes can also contaminate the optical lenses of the cutting machine, affecting beam quality and shortening lens life. Therefore, an efficient fume extraction system is an indispensable part of laser cutting equipment.

[0004] Currently, common smoke extraction methods mainly involve installing exhaust devices below or to the side of the cutting table to create a negative pressure zone and remove smoke and dust. To improve the capture rate, the coverage area of ​​the exhaust vents is usually enlarged. However, this leads to a decrease in airflow velocity per unit area and a dispersion of suction power, especially in areas far from the main exhaust vent, where the ability to capture smoke and dust decreases, making it impossible to promptly remove the densest smoke generated directly below the laser head. To address the insufficient airflow, some solutions increase the fan power, but this directly results in a significant increase in energy consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can dynamically focus suction power, create high-speed airflow in critical areas, and simultaneously reduce ineffective exhaust energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing, so as to at least partially solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing is proposed, comprising: The cutting platform is fixedly mounted on the top of the machine body; The drive table is located on the top of the machine body and above the cutting platform; The laser cutting head is fixed to the output end of the drive stage and can be driven by the drive stage to move above the cutting platform; The cutting platform includes a support toothed plate, an air guide grille, and a negative pressure plate arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The negative pressure plate has a negative pressure chamber inside, and the bottom of the negative pressure plate is connected to an external negative pressure device through an air extraction pipe. The air guide grille has several dust filter chambers arranged in a matrix. Each dust filter chamber is connected to the negative pressure chamber through an on / off valve. The support toothed plate is configured to have multiple chambers corresponding to the number and position of the dust filter chambers. The on / off valve is configured to open and close according to the air position of the workpiece on the support toothed plate, and only the on / off valves located at the edge of the workpiece and below the laser cutting head are open.

[0007] Furthermore, each of the dust filter chambers is equipped with a filter screen, the top of the filter screen is provided with the support toothed plate, the bottom of the filter screen is located above the on-off valve, and the contact area between the on-off valve and the filter screen is provided with a pressure sensor. When the workpiece is displaced to the upper part of the support toothed plate, the on-off valve detects the position of the workpiece through the pressure sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter screen has an upwardly protruding boss at the middle position. The filter screen boss is constructed as a truncated cone. The bottom edge area of ​​the filter screen boss contacts the top surface of the on / off valve. The on / off valve has an openable and closable valve channel in the middle area.

[0009] Furthermore, the cross-sectional structure of the dust filter chamber is rectangular, the corresponding structure of the filter screen is a rectangular frame that matches the dust filter chamber, and the structure of the supporting toothed plate is a rectangular plate of the same size as the filter screen. The side of the supporting toothed plate facing the workpiece is provided with a plurality of protruding teeth arranged in a matrix, and there is a through hole between any two adjacent protruding teeth.

[0010] Furthermore, the support toothed plate and the filter screen are an integral structure, and the support toothed plate and the filter screen are designed to be removed from above the dust filter chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the height of the negative pressure chamber is greater than or equal to the height of the dust filter chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the drive platform includes a first drive platform, a second drive platform, and a third drive platform. Two first drive platforms are provided, and the two first drive platforms are fixed parallel to each other on both sides of the top of the machine body. The second drive platform is perpendicular to the first drive platform and is disposed between the two first drive platforms. The second drive platform can be driven by the first drive platform to move along the length direction of the first drive platform. The third drive platform is perpendicular to the second drive platform and is disposed on the second drive platform. The third drive platform can be driven by the second drive platform to move along the length direction of the second drive platform. The laser cutting head is fixed to the output end of the third drive platform and can be driven by the third drive platform to move along the height direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the first drive stage, the second drive stage, and the third drive stage all include an electrically controlled or pneumatic linear actuator.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the third drive stage is provided with a first air blowing ring and a second air blowing ring corresponding to the periphery of the laser cutting head. Both the first air blowing ring and the second air blowing ring are constructed as rings. Both the first air blowing ring and the second air blowing ring are connected to an external air supply device and are used to blow air towards the cutting platform.

[0015] Furthermore, the gas direction discharged by the first air blowing ring is parallel to the direction of the laser beam output by the laser cutting head, the gas direction discharged by the second air blowing ring is inclined to the direction of the laser beam and diffuses outward, and the airflow velocity discharged by the second air blowing ring is greater than the airflow velocity discharged by the first air blowing ring.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This invention achieves dynamic and targeted extraction of cutting fumes by setting up a matrix-distributed dust filter chamber and corresponding on / off valves, and controlling the on / off valves to selectively open and close according to the workpiece position and the laser cutting head position. This avoids the problems of airflow dispersion and wind speed reduction caused by the excessive coverage area of ​​traditional downdraft systems. It can form a strong local negative pressure at the cutting point and workpiece edge area, efficiently capturing fumes while reducing unnecessary air volume consumption. Combined with a double-layer blowing ring structure, it further guides and constrains the direction of fumes flow, prevents dust diffusion, improves visibility and thermal efficiency in the cutting area, and ensures excellent smoke extraction effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a laser cutting machine for real-time flue gas treatment in sheet metal processing, as proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cutting platform is provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the cutting platform is provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the air guide grille is provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the cutting platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partially disassembled structure of the cutting platform according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third driving stage and laser cutting head proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 10 is the machine body; 20 is the cutting platform; 21 is the supporting toothed plate; 211 is the convex tooth; 22 is the air guide grille; 220 is the dust filter chamber; 221 is the filter screen; 222 is the filter screen protrusion; 23 is the negative pressure plate; 230 is the negative pressure chamber; 24 is the air extraction pipe; 25 is the on / off valve; 30 is the drive platform; 31 is the first drive platform; 32 is the second drive platform; 33 is the third drive platform; 331 is the first air blowing ring; 332 is the second air blowing ring; and 40 is the laser cutting head.

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the embodiments and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments for explanation and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments.

[0022] This invention provides a laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing, comprising a machine body 10, a cutting platform 20, a drive table 30, and a laser cutting head 40.

[0023] The cutting platform 20 is fixedly installed on the top of the machine body 10 to provide support and positioning for the plate. The drive table 30 is installed on the top of the machine body 10 and above the cutting platform 20. It is used to support and drive the laser cutting head 40. The laser cutting head 40 is fixed to the output end of the drive table 30 and can be driven by the drive table 30 to move precisely above the cutting platform 20 to complete the cutting operation of the workpiece.

[0024] Furthermore, the drive stage 30 includes a first drive stage 31, a second drive stage 32, and a third drive stage 33. Two first drive stages 31 are provided, and the two first drive stages 31 are fixed parallel to each other on the top sides of the body 10, forming a guide rail for the laser cutting head 40 to move in the X-axis direction. The second drive stage 32 is perpendicular to the first drive stage 31 and is mounted between the two first drive stages 31. The two ends of the second drive stage 32 are connected to the sliders of the first drive stage 31, so that it can be driven by the first drive stage 31 to move in the X-axis direction. The third drive stage 33 is perpendicular to the second drive stage 32 and is mounted on the second drive stage 32. It can move along the second drive stage 32 in the Y-axis direction. The laser cutting head 40 is fixed to the output end of the third drive stage 33 and can be driven by the third drive stage 33 to move along the Z-axis (height direction) to realize the adjustment of the cutting focal length. This three-axis linkage structure together realizes the precise positioning and trajectory control of the laser cutting head 40 in three-dimensional space.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first drive stage 31, the second drive stage 32, and the third drive stage 33 all include electrically controlled or pneumatic linear actuators, such as ball screw slides driven by servo motors or linear motor modules, to ensure smooth movement, rapid response, and accurate positioning.

[0026] Furthermore, the bottom of the third drive platform 33 is provided with a first air blowing ring 331 and a second air blowing ring 332 corresponding to the periphery of the laser cutting head 40. Both the first air blowing ring 331 and the second air blowing ring 332 are constructed as rings and are coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the laser cutting head 40. Both the first air blowing ring 331 and the second air blowing ring 332 are connected to an external air supply device (such as an air compressor) through pipelines to blow auxiliary gas toward the cutting platform 20.

[0027] In some embodiments, the gas discharged from the first blowing ring 331 is parallel to the direction of the laser beam output from the laser cutting head 40, mainly used to blow away the slag in the cutting seam and cool the cutting area. The gas discharged from the second blowing ring 332 is inclined to the direction of the laser beam and diffuses outward to form an outward air curtain. Its airflow speed is set to be greater than that of the first blowing ring 331. The main function of the second blowing ring 332 is to suppress and guide the rising smoke generated by cutting to the outside, making it easier for it to be captured by the negative pressure suction system below, preventing smoke and dust from accumulating near the laser head lens, protecting the optical components and maintaining the beam quality.

[0028] Furthermore, the cutting platform 20 includes a support toothed plate 21, an air guide grille 22, and a negative pressure plate 23 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The three are fixedly connected by bolts or slots. The negative pressure plate 23 has a hollow negative pressure chamber 230 inside. The bottom of the negative pressure plate 23 is connected to an external negative pressure device, such as a centrifugal fan, through an air extraction pipe 24 to provide a stable negative pressure source for the entire system. The air guide grille 22 has several dust filter chambers 220 evenly distributed in a matrix. Each dust filter chamber 220 is an independent cavity. Its bottom is connected to the negative pressure chamber 230 below through an on / off valve 25. The support toothed plate 21 is configured as multiple independent plates corresponding to the number and position of the dust filter chambers 220, respectively covering each dust filter chamber 220. The on / off valve 25 is configured to intelligently open and close according to the position information of the workpiece on the support toothed plate 21.

[0029] During operation, the control system, through factors such as pressure sensor feedback or preset NC program coordinates, identifies the workpiece coverage area and the real-time position of the laser cutting head 40. Only the on / off valve 25 located at the edge of the workpiece to prevent smoke and dust from escaping from below the workpiece, and the valve located directly below the laser cutting head 40, are opened. In this way, the negative pressure suction force is concentrated on the area where smoke and dust are actually generated, forming a local high-speed airflow, improving the smoke and dust collection efficiency. At the same time, valves that are not covered or far from the cutting area are closed to reduce ineffective suction air volume and achieve energy-saving operation.

[0030] Furthermore, each dust collection chamber 220 is equipped with a filter screen 221. The top of the filter screen 221 is provided with a support toothed plate 21, and the bottom of the filter screen 221 is supported above the on / off valve 25. A pressure sensor is provided in the contact area between the on / off valve 25 and the filter screen 221. When a workpiece is placed on a certain support toothed plate 21, the weight of the workpiece is transmitted to the on / off valve 25 below through the support toothed plate 21 and the filter screen 221. The pressure sensor detects the pressure change and can determine that there is a workpiece covering the position. The control system can use this as one of the logical conditions for opening the on / off valve 25.

[0031] In some embodiments, a filter screen protrusion 222 is provided at the middle position of the filter screen 221. The filter screen protrusion 222 is constructed as a truncated cone. The bottom edge area of ​​the filter screen protrusion 222 contacts the top surface of the on / off valve 25, which plays a role in stabilizing support and transmitting pressure. The middle area of ​​the on / off valve 25 is provided with an openable and closable valve channel. When the valve is open, the airflow is filtered by the filter screen 221 and enters the negative pressure chamber 230 through the valve channel. The conical structure of the filter screen protrusion 222 helps to guide the smoke and airflow to converge towards the center and perform preliminary filtration through the filter holes on its surface, intercepting larger particles of splashes and slag, and preventing them from entering the valve and pipeline.

[0032] Specifically, the dust filter chamber 220 has a rectangular cross-section, and the filter screen 221 has a corresponding rectangular frame that matches the dust filter chamber 220. The support tooth plate 21 has a rectangular plate of the same size as the filter screen 221. The side of the support tooth plate 21 facing the workpiece has multiple protruding teeth 211 arranged in a matrix. The protruding teeth 211 are used to support the workpiece in a point-like manner, reduce the contact area, and prevent the workpiece from sticking to the platform due to thermal deformation. There is a through hole between any two adjacent protruding teeth 211 to facilitate the extraction of smoke.

[0033] The support toothed plate 21 and the filter screen 221 are welded together to form an integral structure, which facilitates overall installation and maintenance. The support toothed plate 21 and the filter screen 221 are designed to be removed as a whole from the top of the dust filter chamber 220, which facilitates regular cleaning of the dust accumulated on the filter screen 221 or replacement. The height of the negative pressure chamber 230 is designed to be greater than or equal to the height of the dust filter chamber 220 to ensure that there is enough space to form a stable negative pressure airflow and to accommodate the extremely fine dust that may leak from the filter screen 221, thus avoiding clogging.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] The above description of the embodiments is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment; the actual structure is not limited to this. In short, if a person skilled in the art, inspired by this description, designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the inventive spirit, such design should fall within the scope of protection.

Claims

1. A laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing, characterized in that, include: The cutting platform (20) is fixedly installed on the top of the machine body (10); The drive table (30) is located on the top of the machine body (10) and above the cutting platform (20); The laser cutting head (40) is fixed to the output end of the drive stage (30) and can be driven by the drive stage (30) to move above the cutting platform (20); The cutting platform (20) includes a support toothed plate (21), an air guide grille (22), and a negative pressure plate (23) arranged from top to bottom. The negative pressure plate (23) has a negative pressure chamber (230) inside. The bottom of the negative pressure plate (23) is connected to an external negative pressure device through an air extraction pipe (24). The air guide grille (22) has several dust filter chambers (220) arranged in a matrix. Each dust filter chamber (220) is connected to the negative pressure chamber (230) through an on / off valve (25). The support toothed plate (21) is configured to be multiple according to the number and position of the dust filter chambers (220). The on / off valve (25) is configured to open and close according to the position of the workpiece on the support toothed plate (21), and only the on / off valve (25) located at the edge of the workpiece and below the laser cutting head (40) is open.

2. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the dust collection chambers (220) is equipped with a filter screen (221). The top of the filter screen (221) is provided with the support toothed plate (21), and the bottom of the filter screen (221) is located above the on / off valve (25). The contact area between the on / off valve (25) and the filter screen (221) is provided with a pressure sensor. When the workpiece is displaced to the upper side of the support toothed plate (21), the on / off valve (25) detects the position of the workpiece through the pressure sensor.

3. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The filter screen (221) has an upwardly protruding filter screen boss (222) at the middle position. The filter screen boss (222) is constructed as a truncated cone. The bottom edge area of ​​the filter screen boss (222) is in contact with the top surface of the on / off valve (25). The middle area of ​​the on / off valve (25) is provided with an openable and closable valve channel.

4. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust chamber (220) has a rectangular cross-section, and the filter screen (221) is a rectangular frame that matches the dust chamber (220). The supporting toothed plate (21) is a rectangular plate of the same size as the filter screen (221). The supporting toothed plate (21) has multiple convex teeth (211) arranged in a matrix on one side facing the workpiece, and there is a through hole between any two adjacent convex teeth (211).

5. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support toothed plate (21) and the filter screen (221) are an integral structure, and the support toothed plate (21) and the filter screen (221) are designed to be removed from above the dust filter chamber (220).

6. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the negative pressure chamber (230) is greater than or equal to the height of the dust filter chamber (220).

7. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive platform (30) includes a first drive platform (31), a second drive platform (32), and a third drive platform (33). There are two first drive platforms (31), and the two first drive platforms (31) are fixed parallel to each other on the top sides of the body (10). The second drive platform (32) is perpendicular to the first drive platform (31) and is located between the two first drive platforms (31). The second drive platform (32) can be driven by the first drive platform (31) to move along the length direction of the first drive platform (31). The third drive platform (33) is perpendicular to the second drive platform (32) and is located on the second drive platform (32). The third drive platform (33) can be driven by the second drive platform (32) to move along the length direction of the second drive platform (32). The laser cutting head (40) is fixed to the output end of the third drive platform (33) and can be driven by the third drive platform (33) to move along the height direction.

8. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first drive stage (31), the second drive stage (32) and the third drive stage (33) all include an electrically controlled or pneumatic linear actuator.

9. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the third drive stage (33) is provided with a first air blowing ring (331) and a second air blowing ring (332) on the periphery of the laser cutting head (40). The first air blowing ring (331) and the second air blowing ring (332) are both constructed as rings. The first air blowing ring (331) and the second air blowing ring (332) are both connected to an external air supply device and are used to blow air towards the cutting platform (20).

10. The laser cutting machine for real-time fume treatment in sheet metal processing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gas direction of the first blowing ring (331) is parallel to the direction of the laser beam output by the laser cutting head (40), the gas direction of the second blowing ring (332) is inclined to the direction of the laser beam and diffuses outward, and the airflow velocity of the second blowing ring (332) is greater than the airflow velocity of the first blowing ring (331).

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