Biological organic fertilizer for repairing successive cropping obstacles of solanaceae crops and preparation method of biological organic fertilizer
Bio-organic fertilizer with synergistic effects of multiple strains solved the problems of continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases in solanaceous crops, achieving efficient prevention and control and improving soil micro-ecological balance, meeting the requirements of green agriculture, and improving crop yield and quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 台州市农业科学研究院
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
Solanaceous crops are susceptible to continuous cropping obstacles, especially soil-borne diseases (such as bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt), which are difficult to control. Chemical control pollutes the environment, while single-strain bio-organic fertilizers have limited control range and low strain activity.
A bio-organic fertilizer with the synergistic effect of multiple bacterial strains, including Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, is prepared by combining them with an organic matrix and optimizing propagation and culture conditions and low-temperature drying technology to produce a highly active bacterial agent, thus forming a bio-organic fertilizer with the synergistic effect of multiple bacterial strains.
It significantly improves the control of bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt in eggplant, improves soil structure, increases organic matter content and the number of beneficial microorganisms, reduces the number of pathogens, meets the requirements of green agriculture, and improves crop yield and quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN122059765A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bio-organic fertilizer technology, specifically to a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Solanaceae crops, including eggplant, tomato, and pepper, are important economic crops in my country and are widely planted in agricultural production. However, with the development of facility agriculture and the increasing intensive use of land, continuous cropping of solanaceae crops has become increasingly common, exacerbating the problem of continuous cropping obstacles and severely restricting the high-quality development of the solanaceae crop industry. Among them, eggplant, as a typical representative of solanaceae crops, faces particularly serious soil-borne diseases during continuous cropping, mainly including bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt.
[0003] The pathogen causing eggplant bacterial wilt is *Ralstonia solanacearum*, which can survive in the soil for a long time. It enters the plant through wounds in the eggplant roots, damaging the vascular system and causing symptoms such as wilting and yellowing leaves, eventually leading to the death of the entire plant. In severe cases, it can cause yield reductions of 30%–80%, or even total crop failure. The pathogen causing eggplant wilt is *Fusarium oxysporum* f. sp. melongenae, which also primarily spreads through the soil. Infection causes browning and wilting of the vascular bundles, affecting nutrient and water transport, leading to decreased yield and poorer quality.
[0004] Currently, control measures for soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles in eggplant mainly include chemical control, physical control, and agricultural control. Chemical control primarily employs methods such as fungicide drenching and soil disinfection. While these methods can achieve some control in the short term, long-term use can disrupt the soil microbial community structure, leading to increased pathogen resistance and causing ecological and food safety issues such as soil pollution and pesticide residues in agricultural products, which is inconsistent with the concept of green agriculture. Physical control methods, such as soil sun exposure and steam disinfection, have drawbacks such as high operating costs, limited applicability (not suitable for large-scale farmland), and significant damage to beneficial soil microorganisms. Agricultural control methods include crop rotation and the selection of disease-resistant varieties. However, crop rotation is limited by land resources and planting structure, and the cultivation cycle for disease-resistant varieties is long, with limited resistance, making it difficult to cope with complex pathogen populations.
[0005] As can be seen from the above, the existing continuous cropping obstacles of Solanaceae crops are serious (especially eggplant), the control effect of soil-borne diseases (bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt) is poor, chemical control pollutes the environment, and the control range of single strain bio-organic fertilizer is limited and the activity of strains is low. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in solanaceous crops and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems of severe continuous cropping obstacles in solanaceous crops, poor control of soil-borne diseases, limited control range of single-strain bio-organic fertilizers, and low strain activity in the prior art.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in solanaceous crops, comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts organic matrix, 5-15 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 8-12 parts carrier, 2-5 parts binder, 1-3 parts water-retaining agent, and 1-3 parts trace element fertilizer;
[0008] The organic substrate is composed of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 2:1:1.
[0009] The effective viable count of the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis inoculant ≥2.0×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus agent ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / g; the total effective viable bacteria count of the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥5.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, water content ≤15%, pH value 6.0-7.5.
[0010] Furthermore, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure is either chicken manure or cow manure, and is decomposed at high temperature until the moisture content is ≤20% and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; the decomposed straw is either corn straw or wheat straw, or corn straw and wheat straw are mixed in any proportion, and is crushed and then decomposed at high temperature until completely decomposed; the decomposed mushroom residue is the waste mushroom residue after edible mushroom cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm after decomposition treatment.
[0011] Furthermore, the *Trichoderma harzianum* is *Trichoderma harzianum* T22; the *Bacillus subtilis* is *Bacillus subtilis* B908; and the *Bacillus mucilaginosus* is *Bacillus mucilaginosus* S3.
[0012] Furthermore, the carrier is any one of diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and zeolite powder, with a particle size of 100-200 mesh; the binder is one or a mixture of two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch phosphate; the water-retaining agent is one or a mixture of two of polyacrylamide and xanthan gum; and the micronutrient fertilizer is a mixture of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and EDTA chelated manganese in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.
[0013] Furthermore, the total number of effective live bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥8.0×10⁻⁶. 8CFU / g, water content ≤12%, pH value 6.5-7.2.
[0014] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops includes the following steps:
[0015] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Mix well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a certain proportion, crush them, and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an organic matrix; crush the carrier, binder, water-retaining agent, and trace element fertilizer separately through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.
[0016] S2. Propagation and culture of strains: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilage were propagated and cultured separately to prepare highly active bacterial agents;
[0017] S3. Mixing and Ingredient Formulation: Add the pretreated organic matrix, carrier, and micronutrient fertilizer to a mixer and mix at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to obtain a basic mixture. Then, add *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant, *Bacillus subtilis* inoculant, and *Bacillus mucilaginosus* inoculant to the basic mixture in the specified proportions and continue mixing for 20-30 minutes. Finally, add the binder and water-retaining agent and mix for 10-15 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Throughout the mixing process, maintain an ambient temperature ≤30℃ and a relative humidity ≤60%.
[0018] S4. Granulation: The mixture is fed into a disc granulator for granulation. The granulator speed is controlled at 30-40 r / min and the disc tilt angle is 45-50°. At the same time, an appropriate amount of deionized water is sprayed into the mixture to control the moisture content of the material at 25%-30% and prepare wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.
[0019] S5. Low-temperature drying: The wet granules are fed into a low-temperature dryer and dried at 40-45℃ until the moisture content of the granules is ≤15%. During the drying process, the wind speed is controlled at 1.5-2.0m / s.
[0020] S6. Screening: The dried granules are fed into a vibrating screen to screen out granules with a diameter of 2-4mm, and remove excessively large, small and powdery materials.
[0021] S7. Testing and Packaging: The finished bio-organic fertilizer is tested for effective viable bacteria count, moisture content, and pH value. After passing the tests, it is sealed in breathable and moisture-proof packaging materials.
[0022] The ambient temperature for mixing ingredients in S3 is controlled at 25-28℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 50%-55%.
[0023] The specific process of propagating and culturing strain S2 is as follows:
[0024] S201. Propagation of Trichoderma harzianum: Potato glucose medium was used as the seed culture medium and cultured with shaking at 25-28℃ and 150-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid. Then, the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at a rate of 5% and fermented at 26-28℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.2 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0025] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: glucose 20 g / L, corn flour 15 g / L, soybean meal 10 g / L, KH2PO4 1 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g / L, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g / L, and pH 6.5-7.0.
[0026] S202, Bacillus subtilis propagation: Using LB medium as the seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 24-36 h to obtain the seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 4%, and fermented at 30-32℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.5 (v / v·min) for 48-72 h. After fermentation, the Bacillus subtilis inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0027] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: 20 g / L corn flour, 15 g / L soybean meal, 5 g / L sucrose, 1.5 g / L KH2PO4, 0.8 g / L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g / L NaCl, and pH 7.0-7.5.
[0028] S203, Propagation of Bacillus mucilaginosus: Using modified silicate medium as seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 28-30℃ and 160-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 6%, and fermented at 28-30℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.0 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0029] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: sucrose 15 g / L, yeast extract 5 g / L, Na2SiO3·9H2O 5 g / L, KH2PO4 0.5 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g / L, CaCO3 1 g / L, and pH 7.0-7.5.
[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in solanaceous crops. Through a combination of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, it achieves synergistic effects of multiple strains, effectively antagonizing Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum, thus improving the control of bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt in eggplant. Combined with an organic substrate and the decomposition of insoluble minerals by Bacillus mucilaginosus, it provides abundant nutrients to crops, improves soil structure, regulates the balance of soil microbial communities, effectively increases the organic matter content and beneficial microorganisms in continuously cropped soils, reduces the number of pathogens, and effectively repairs continuous cropping obstacles. Furthermore, the raw materials are all natural organic materials and beneficial microorganisms, with no chemical pesticides or heavy metal residues. Attached Figure Description
[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0034] As attached Figure 1 :
[0035] This invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in solanaceous crops, comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts organic matrix, 5-15 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 8-12 parts carrier, 2-5 parts binder, 1-3 parts water-retaining agent, and 1-3 parts trace element fertilizer;
[0036] The organic substrate is a mixture of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 2:1:1.
[0037] The effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum inoculant is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis inoculant ≥2.0×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus agent ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / g; Total effective viable bacteria count of bio-organic fertilizer ≥ 5.0 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / g, water content ≤15%, pH value 6.0-7.5.
[0038] The decomposed livestock and poultry manure is any one of chicken manure or cow manure, or a mixture of chicken manure and cow manure in any proportion, and is decomposed at high temperature until the moisture content is ≤20% and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; the decomposed straw is any one of corn straw or wheat straw, or a mixture of corn straw and wheat straw in any proportion, and is crushed and then decomposed at high temperature until completely decomposed; the decomposed mushroom residue is the waste mushroom residue after edible mushroom cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm after decomposition treatment.
[0039] Trichoderma harzianum is Trichoderma harzianum T22 (CGMCC No. 3.3087); Bacillus subtilis is B908 (CGMCC No. 1.15640); Bacillus mucilaginosus is S3 (CGMCC No. 1.3358).
[0040] The carrier is any one or a mixture of diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and zeolite powder, with a particle size of 100-200 mesh; the binder is one or a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch phosphate; the water-retaining agent is one or a mixture of polyacrylamide and xanthan gum; and the micronutrient fertilizer is a mixture of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and EDTA chelated manganese in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.
[0041] The total number of effective live bacteria in bio-organic fertilizer is ≥8.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, water content ≤12%, pH value 6.5-7.2.
[0042] The preparation method includes the following steps:
[0043] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Mix well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a certain proportion, crush them, and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an organic matrix; crush the carrier, binder, water-retaining agent, and trace element fertilizer separately through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.
[0044] S2. Propagation and culture of strains: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilage were propagated and cultured separately to prepare highly active bacterial agents;
[0045] S3. Mixing and Ingredient Formulation: Add the pretreated organic matrix, carrier, and micronutrient fertilizer to a mixer and mix at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to obtain a basic mixture. Then, add *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant, *Bacillus subtilis* inoculant, and *Bacillus mucilaginosus* inoculant to the basic mixture in the specified proportions and continue mixing for 20-30 minutes. Finally, add the binder and water-retaining agent and mix for 10-15 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Throughout the mixing process, maintain an ambient temperature ≤30℃ and a relative humidity ≤60%.
[0046] The ambient temperature for mixing ingredients is controlled at 25-28℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 50%-55%.
[0047] S4. Granulation: The mixture is fed into a disc granulator for granulation. The granulator speed is controlled at 30-40 r / min and the disc tilt angle is 45-50°. At the same time, an appropriate amount of deionized water is sprayed into the mixture to control the moisture content of the material at 25%-30% and prepare wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.
[0048] S5. Low-temperature drying: The wet granules are fed into a low-temperature dryer and dried at 40-45℃ until the moisture content of the granules is ≤15%. During the drying process, the wind speed is controlled at 1.5-2.0m / s.
[0049] S6. Screening: The dried granules are fed into a vibrating screen to screen out granules with a diameter of 2-4mm, and remove excessively large, small and powdery materials.
[0050] S7. Testing and Packaging: The finished bio-organic fertilizer is tested for effective viable bacteria count, moisture content, and pH value. After passing the tests, it is sealed in breathable and moisture-proof packaging materials.
[0051] S3
[0052] The specific process of propagating and culturing strain S2 is as follows:
[0053] S201. Propagation of Trichoderma harzianum: Potato glucose medium was used as the seed culture medium and cultured with shaking at 25-28℃ and 150-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid. Then, the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at a rate of 5% and fermented at 26-28℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.2 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0054] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: glucose 20 g / L, corn flour 15 g / L, soybean meal 10 g / L, KH2PO4 1 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g / L, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g / L, and pH 6.5-7.0.
[0055] S202, Bacillus subtilis propagation: Using LB medium as the seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 24-36 h to obtain the seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 4%, and fermented at 30-32℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.5 (v / v·min) for 48-72 h. After fermentation, the Bacillus subtilis inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0056] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: 20 g / L corn flour, 15 g / L soybean meal, 5 g / L sucrose, 1.5 g / L KH2PO4, 0.8 g / L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g / L NaCl, and pH 7.0-7.5.
[0057] S203, Propagation of Bacillus mucilaginosus: Using modified silicate medium as seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 28-30℃ and 160-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 6%, and fermented at 28-30℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.0 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying.
[0058] The fermentation medium consists of the following components: sucrose 15 g / L, yeast extract 5 g / L, Na2SiO3·9H2O 5 g / L, KH2PO4 0.5 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g / L, CaCO3 1 g / L, and pH 7.0-7.5.
[0059] This organic fertilizer uses a blend of three beneficial microorganisms: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, to achieve a synergistic effect of multiple strains. Trichoderma harzianum has a strong antagonistic effect against Fusarium oxysporum (the pathogen of Fusarium wilt), Bacillus subtilis can simultaneously inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum (the pathogen of bacterial wilt) and Fusarium oxysporum, and can induce systemic resistance in eggplant. Bacillus mucilaginosus can improve the soil microecological environment and promote the colonization and growth of the first two strains. The synergistic effect of the three can significantly improve the control effect against bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt in eggplant. Field trials have verified that the control effect against bacterial wilt is ≥85% and the control effect against Fusarium wilt is ≥88%, which is far superior to single-strain bio-organic fertilizers.
[0060] The organic substrate is a mixture of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, straw, and mushroom residue. It not only provides crops with abundant organic matter and nutrients but also improves soil structure. Bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose insoluble minerals such as phosphorus and potassium in the soil, enhancing soil fertility. The combined action of these three beneficial microorganisms can regulate the soil microbial community structure, increase the number of beneficial microorganisms, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, restore the micro-ecological balance of continuously cropped soils, and reduce the incidence of continuous cropping obstacles. After two consecutive years of application, the organic matter content in the soil increases by 15%-20%, the number of beneficial microorganisms increases by 2-3 times, and the number of pathogens decreases by 70%-80%.
[0061] The propagation and culture conditions for different strains were optimized to ensure their high activity. Low-temperature control technology was used in the mixing, granulation, and drying processes, with the drying temperature controlled at 40-45℃ to avoid microbial inactivation due to high temperatures. At the same time, water-retaining agents and binders were added, which not only improved the granulation effect but also provided a suitable living environment for microorganisms, extending the survival time of the strains in the soil. The total number of effective live bacteria in the finished bio-organic fertilizer is ≥5.0×10 CFU / g, and the shelf life can reach more than 12 months under normal temperature and sealed conditions.
[0062] Moreover, the raw materials are all natural organic materials and beneficial microorganisms, with no chemical pesticides or heavy metal residues. After application, it will not cause pollution to soil, water bodies and agricultural products, which meets the development requirements of green agriculture and ecological agriculture. This bio-organic fertilizer is not only suitable for eggplant, but also for tomatoes, peppers and other solanaceous crops. It can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of various solanaceous crops, improve crop yield and quality. According to the experiment, eggplant yield can be increased by 18%-25%, and the vitamin C content of the fruit can be increased by 10%-15%, showing broad application prospects.
[0063] Example 1
[0064] Raw material components: 40 parts organic matrix, 5 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 5 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 5 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 8 parts carrier, 2 parts binder, 1 part water-retaining agent, and 1 part trace element fertilizer.
[0065] The organic substrate is a mixture of well-rotted chicken manure, well-rotted corn stalks, and well-rotted oyster mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the Trichoderma harzianum inoculant has an effective viable count of 2.0×10 CFU / g, the Bacillus subtilis inoculant has an effective viable count of 2.0×10 CFU / g, and the Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant has an effective viable count of 1.0×10 CFU / g; the carrier is diatomaceous earth (100 mesh); the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide; and the micronutrient fertilizer is a mixture of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and EDTA chelated manganese in a ratio of 1:1:1.
[0066] Preparation method:
[0067] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Mix well-rotted chicken manure, well-rotted corn stalks, and well-rotted oyster mushroom residue, then crush them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an organic matrix; diatomaceous earth, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, and trace element fertilizer are crushed through an 80-mesh sieve respectively and set aside.
[0068] S2, strain propagation culture:
[0069] S201, Propagation of Trichoderma harzianum: PDA seed culture medium, shake culture at 25℃ and 150r / min for 48h to obtain seed liquid; inoculate with fermentation medium at 5% inoculum, ferment culture at 26℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.2 (v / v·min) for 96h, centrifuge and dry to obtain inoculum;
[0070] S202, Bacillus subtilis propagation: LB seed culture medium, shaken at 30℃ and 180r / min for 36h to obtain seed liquid; inoculated into fermentation medium at 4% inoculum, fermented at 30℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.5 (v / v·min) for 72h, centrifuged and dried to obtain bacterial agent;
[0071] S203, Propagation of Bacillus mucilaginosus: Improved silicate seed culture medium, shake culture at 28℃ and 160r / min for 48h to obtain seed liquid; inoculate with fermentation medium at 6% inoculum, ferment culture at 28℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.0 (v / v·min) for 96h, centrifuge and dry to obtain bacterial agent;
[0072] S3. Mixing Ingredients: Add organic substrate, diatomaceous earth, and trace element fertilizer to the mixer and mix at room temperature for 15 minutes to obtain the basic mixture; add three kinds of bacterial agents and continue mixing for 30 minutes; add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide and mix for 10 minutes to obtain the final mixture; ambient temperature 25℃, relative humidity 50%;
[0073] S4. Granulation: The mixture is fed into a disc granulator at a speed of 30 r / min and a disc tilt angle of 45°. Deionized water is sprayed to control the moisture content at 25% to prepare wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.
[0074] S5. Low-temperature drying: Dry at 40℃ until the moisture content is 12%, with a wind speed of 1.5m / s;
[0075] S6. Screening: Vibrating screen screens out particles of 2-4mm.
[0076] S7. Testing and Packaging: The total number of viable bacteria is tested to be 6.2×10 CFU / g, the moisture content is 12%, and the pH value is 6.5. After passing the tests, the product is sealed and packaged.
[0077] Example 2
[0078] Raw material components: 50 parts organic matrix, 10 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 10 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 10 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 10 parts carrier, 3 parts binder, 2 parts water-retaining agent, and 2 parts trace element fertilizer.
[0079] The organic substrate is a mixture of well-rotted cow manure, well-rotted wheat straw, and well-rotted shiitake mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the Trichoderma harzianum inoculant has an effective viable count of 2.5×10 CFU / g, the Bacillus subtilis inoculant has an effective viable count of 2.5×10 CFU / g, and the Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant has an effective viable count of 1.5×10 CFU / g; the carrier is bentonite (150 mesh); the binder is starch phosphate; the water-retaining agent is xanthan gum; and the micronutrient fertilizer is a mixture of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and EDTA chelated manganese in a ratio of 1:1:1.
[0080] Preparation method:
[0081] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Organic matrix raw materials are mixed, crushed, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve; carrier, binder, water-retaining agent, and trace element fertilizer are crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve for later use.
[0082] S2, strain propagation culture:
[0083] S201, Trichoderma harzianum: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 26℃ and 160r / min for 42h; fermentation culture was carried out at 27℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.2 for 84h.
[0084] S202, Bacillus subtilis: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 31℃ and 190r / min for 30h; fermentation culture was carried out at 31℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.5 for 60h;
[0085] S203, Bacillus mucilaginosus: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 29℃ and 170r / min for 42h; fermentation culture was carried out at 29℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.0 for 84h.
[0086] S3. Mixing and Batching: Mix the basic mixture for 18 minutes, add the microbial agent and mix for 25 minutes, add the binder and water-retaining agent and mix for 12 minutes; ambient temperature 28℃, relative humidity 55%;
[0087] S4. Granulation: Rotation speed 35 r / min, disc inclination angle 48°, moisture content 28%;
[0088] S5. Low-temperature drying: Dry at 42℃ until the moisture content is 10%, with a wind speed of 1.8m / s;
[0089] S6. Screening: Vibrating screen screens out particles of 2-4mm.
[0090] S7. Testing and Packaging: The finished product is tested to have a total effective viable bacteria count of 8.5×10 CFU / g, a moisture content of 10%, and a pH value of 7.0. After passing the tests, it is sealed and packaged.
[0091] Example 3
[0092] Raw material components: 60 parts organic matrix, 15 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 15 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 15 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 12 parts carrier, 5 parts binder, 3 parts water-retaining agent, and 3 parts trace element fertilizer.
[0093] The organic substrate was composed of well-rotted chicken manure + cow manure (1:1), well-rotted corn + wheat straw (1:1), and well-rotted enoki mushroom residue mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1:1; the effective viable count of the three inoculants was ≥3.0×10 CFU / g; the carrier was zeolite powder (200 mesh); the binder was sodium carboxymethyl cellulose + starch phosphate (1:1); the water-retaining agent was polyacrylamide + xanthan gum (1:1); and the micronutrient fertilizer was the same as in Example 1.
[0094] Preparation method:
[0095] S1. Raw material pretreatment: Mix well-rotted chicken manure, well-rotted corn stalks, and well-rotted oyster mushroom residue, then crush them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an organic matrix; diatomaceous earth, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, and trace element fertilizer are crushed through an 80-mesh sieve respectively and set aside.
[0096] S2, strain propagation culture:
[0097] S201, Trichoderma harzianum: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 28℃ and 180r / min for 36h; fermentation culture was carried out at 28℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.2 for 72h;
[0098] S202, Bacillus subtilis: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 32℃ and 200r / min for 24h; fermentation culture was carried out at 32℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.5 for 48h;
[0099] S203, Bacillus mucilaginosus: Seed culture was obtained by shaking culture at 30℃ and 180r / min for 36h; fermentation culture was carried out at 30℃ and aeration rate of 1:1.0 for 72h;
[0100] S3. Mixing and Batching: Mix the basic mixture for 20 minutes, add the microbial agent and mix for 20 minutes, add the binder and water-retaining agent and mix for 15 minutes; ambient temperature 30℃, relative humidity 60%;
[0101] S4. Granulation: Rotation speed 40 r / min, disc inclination angle 50°, moisture content 30%;
[0102] S5. Low-temperature drying: Dry at 45℃ until the moisture content is 15%, with a wind speed of 2.0m / s;
[0103] S6. Screening: Vibrating screen screens out particles of 2-4mm.
[0104] S7. Testing and Packaging: The finished product is tested to have a total effective viable bacteria count of 1.2×10 CFU / g, a moisture content of 15%, and a pH value of 7.5. After passing the tests, it is sealed and packaged.
[0105] Verification group: Field trials were conducted at an eggplant continuous cropping base. The soil in the experimental site was loam. After 5 years of continuous eggplant cropping, the incidence of bacterial wilt was 35% and the incidence of Fusarium wilt was 30%.
[0106] The experiment was set up with 4 treatment groups, each group was replicated 3 times, the plot area was 20m², the row spacing was 60cm, the plant spacing was 40cm, and conventional field management was used.
[0107] Treatment Group 1: The bio-organic fertilizer prepared in Example 2 of this invention was applied at a rate of 200 kg / mu, and was spread and tilled into the soil one week before the eggplant transplanting.
[0108] Treatment Group 2: Apply Trichoderma harzianum bio-organic fertilizer (effective viable count 5.0×10 CFU / g) at a rate of 200 kg / mu, using the same application method as Treatment Group 1;
[0109] Treatment Group 3: Commercially available conventional bio-organic fertilizer (effective live bacteria count 2.0×10 CFU / g) was applied at a rate of 200 kg / mu, using the same application method as Treatment Group 1;
[0110] Treatment group 4: No bio-organic fertilizer was applied.
[0111] The experimental results are shown in the table below:
[0112] Processing group Incidence rate of bacterial wilt (%) Effectiveness of bacterial wilt control (%) Fusarium wilt incidence rate (%) Wilt disease control efficacy (%) Eggplant yield (kg / mu) Production increase rate (%) Processing Group 1 5.2 85.1 3.6 88.0 3250 23.5 Processing Group 2 18.3 47.7 9.5 68.3 2780 7.3 Processing Group 3 15.6 55.4 12.2 59.3 2850 9.9 Processing Group 4 35.0 - 30.0 - 2632 -
[0113] The experimental results show that the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by this invention has a significantly better effect on the prevention and control of bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt in eggplant than single-strain bio-organic fertilizer and commercially available conventional bio-organic fertilizer, and can also significantly increase eggplant yield.
[0114] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops, characterized in that, The raw material components include the following parts by weight: 40-60 parts organic matrix, 5-15 parts Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus subtilis inoculant, 5-15 parts Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant, 8-12 parts carrier, 2-5 parts binder, 1-3 parts water-retaining agent, and 1-3 parts trace element fertilizer. The organic substrate is composed of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 2:1:
1. The effective viable count of the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis inoculant ≥2.0×10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus agent ≥1.0×10 9 CFU / g; the total effective viable bacteria count of the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥5.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, water content ≤15%, pH value 6.0-7.
5.
2. The bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decomposed livestock and poultry manure is either chicken manure or cow manure, and is decomposed at high temperature until the moisture content is ≤20% and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; the decomposed straw is either corn straw or wheat straw, or corn straw and wheat straw are mixed in any proportion, and is crushed and then decomposed at high temperature until completely decomposed; the decomposed mushroom residue is the waste mushroom residue after edible mushroom cultivation, which is crushed to a particle size of ≤2mm after decomposition treatment.
3. The bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The *Trichoderma harzianum* is *Trichoderma harzianum* T22; the *Bacillus subtilis* is *Bacillus subtilis* B908; and the *Bacillus mucilaginosus* is *Bacillus mucilaginosus* S3.
4. The bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier is any one of diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and zeolite powder, with a particle size of 100-200 mesh; the binder is one or a mixture of two of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch phosphate; the water-retaining agent is one or a mixture of two of polyacrylamide and xanthan gum; and the micronutrient fertilizer is a mixture of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, and EDTA chelated manganese in a weight ratio of 1:1:
1.
5. The bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total number of effective live bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer is ≥8.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, water content ≤12%, pH value 6.5-7.
2.
6. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops, used in conjunction with any of the bio-organic fertilizers for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops as described in claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix well-rotted livestock and poultry manure, well-rotted straw, and well-rotted mushroom residue in a certain proportion, crush them, and pass them through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain an organic matrix; crush the carrier, binder, water-retaining agent, and trace element fertilizer separately and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve for later use. S2. Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus mucilage were propagated and cultured separately to prepare highly active bacterial agents; S3. Add the pretreated organic matrix, carrier, and trace element fertilizer into a mixer and mix at room temperature for 15-20 minutes to obtain a basic mixture. Then, add Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculant to the basic mixture in proportion and continue mixing for 20-30 minutes. Finally, add the binder and water-retaining agent and mix for 10-15 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture. Throughout the mixing process, control the ambient temperature to ≤30℃ and the relative humidity to ≤60%. S4. Feed the mixture into a disc granulator for granulation. Control the granulator speed to 30-40 r / min and the disc tilt angle to 45-50°. At the same time, spray an appropriate amount of deionized water into the mixture to control the material moisture content to 25%-30% and prepare wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm. S5. Feed the wet granules into a low-temperature dryer and dry them at 40-45℃ until the moisture content of the granules is ≤15%. During the drying process, control the wind speed at 1.5-2.0m / s. S6. Feed the dried granules into a vibrating screen to screen out granules with a diameter of 2-4mm and remove excessively large, small and powdery materials. S7. Test the effective viable bacteria count, moisture content, and pH value of the finished bio-organic fertilizer. After passing the test, seal the product with breathable and moisture-proof packaging materials.
7. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ambient temperature for mixing the ingredients in S3 is controlled at 25-28℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 50%-55%.
8. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for repairing continuous cropping obstacles in Solanaceae crops according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific process of strain propagation and culture in S2 is as follows: S201. Propagation of Trichoderma harzianum: Potato glucose medium was used as the seed culture medium and cultured with shaking at 25-28℃ and 150-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid. Then, the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at a rate of 5% and fermented at 26-28℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.2 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying. The fermentation medium consists of the following components: glucose 20 g / L, corn flour 15 g / L, soybean meal 10 g / L, KH2PO4 1 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g / L, FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g / L, and pH 6.5-7.
0. S202, Bacillus subtilis propagation: Using LB medium as the seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 24-36 h to obtain the seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into the fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 4%, and fermented at 30-32℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.5 (v / v·min) for 48-72 h. After fermentation, the Bacillus subtilis inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying. The fermentation medium consists of the following components: 20 g / L corn flour, 15 g / L soybean meal, 5 g / L sucrose, 1.5 g / L KH2PO4, 0.8 g / L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g / L NaCl, and pH 7.0-7.
5. S203, Propagation of Bacillus mucilaginosus: Using modified silicate medium as seed culture medium, the culture was shaken at 28-30℃ and 160-180 r / min for 36-48 h to obtain seed liquid; the seed liquid was inoculated into fermentation medium at an inoculation rate of 6%, and fermented at 28-30℃ and an aeration rate of 1:1.0 (v / v·min) for 72-96 h. After fermentation, the inoculum was obtained by centrifugation and drying. The fermentation medium consists of the following components: sucrose 15 g / L, yeast extract 5 g / L, Na2SiO3·9H2O 5 g / L, KH2PO4 0.5 g / L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g / L, CaCO3 1 g / L, and pH 7.0-7.5.