Living diatom bait production raft frame for fishing-light complementary abalone breeding and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a live diatom bait production raft frame for fishing-light complementary abalone breeding and application of the live diatom bait production raft frame. Buoyancy is provided through the floating frame, the seedling collecting plate bearing frame is used for placing a standardized seedling collecting plate, the light supplementing unit converts and transmits light with specific wavelength through a solar fluorescent light gathering plate and a light guide element, the water distribution pipe is responsible for directional water spraying, and the problem that diatom is difficult to naturally grow due to insufficient light of a water area covered by a photovoltaic panel is solved through combination of the components. According to the method, the core pain point restricting fishing-light complementary development of abalone breeding is solved, high-added-value breeding industrialization in a photovoltaic area becomes possible, and the comprehensive output value of the unit water area can be greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar-aquaculture technology, and more specifically relates to a raft for producing live diatom feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-aquaculture complementary farming and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the aquaculture seedling breeding area + photovoltaic construction model, the high-density coverage of photovoltaic modules (for example, when the photovoltaic module coverage rate is 65%, the theoretical effective radiation attenuation rate of photosynthesis per unit water surface exceeds 40%) leads to a sharp deterioration in underwater lighting conditions. Traditional naturally growing phytoplankton and benthic diatoms are difficult to survive, which cannot meet the feed requirements of high-value aquatic species. This has become the core bottleneck restricting the upgrading of the fishery-solar complementary model to high-end aquaculture.

[0003] Abalone is a high-value shellfish in my country. Its seedling stage has extremely high requirements for the quality, quantity, and palatability of its feed. Benthic diatoms, as a natural and high-quality initial feed for abalone seedlings, directly determine the seedlings' growth rate, survival rate, and successful attachment metamorphosis. High-quality diatom feed can significantly reduce the incidence of "detachment disease" in abalone. In abalone seedling ponds with full or high-density photovoltaic coverage, the spectrum required by photovoltaic cells (mainly visible light) highly overlaps with the spectrum required for benthic diatom photosynthesis (PAR at 400-700nm). This competitive deprivation of light results in a natural diatom reproduction rate far lower than the abalone's feeding needs at different growth stages. This has become the primary obstacle to the industrialization of abalone seedling cultivation under the fishery-solar complementary model, necessitating the development of an artificially regulated diatom cultivation technology system adapted to this scenario. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides a precision live bait supply system for abalone seedlings in a fishery-solar complementary model and its application, aiming to solve the core bottleneck of competitive light deprivation caused by the high spectral overlap between photovoltaic power generation and diatom photosynthesis in the fishery-solar complementary model. The system uses the "waste spectrum" (ultraviolet light 300-400nm, green-yellow light 500-600nm) of photovoltaic cells, which has low conversion efficiency and cannot effectively generate electricity, as input. This spectrum is converted into the "high-efficiency spectrum" (blue light 440-470nm, red light 640-680nm) most sensitive to diatom photosynthesis by a solar fluorescent concentrator, thus converting the originally competitively deprived light energy into bioenergy for bait production, achieving compatible coexistence of power generation and seedling cultivation in the same water area and within the same spectral space. The aim is to utilize the scattered and reflected light that is not fully utilized by the photovoltaic panels to cultivate benthic diatoms. This allows for the efficient production of high-quality live diatom feed attached to standard seed collection boards under the limited space and light conditions below the photovoltaic panels, through artificial control. Furthermore, the feed can be seamlessly delivered using standard abalone seed collection boards, avoiding feed damage and inefficiency caused by secondary processing, thus meeting the feeding needs of abalone seedlings.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-aquaculture hybrid farming system, comprising:

[0006] A floating frame is used to provide buoyancy and support the various components;

[0007] The seedling collection board support frame is fixed on the floating frame and is used to detachably support multiple standardized seedling collection boards that are consistent with the specifications of the abalone seedling pond, and to keep the standardized seedling collection boards in a suspended or tilted state.

[0008] A supplementary lighting unit is disposed above the seedling collection board support frame. The supplementary lighting unit includes a solar fluorescent concentrator for absorbing first-wavelength light from sunlight and converting it into second-wavelength light with a longer wavelength; and a light guide element optically coupled to at least one edge of the solar fluorescent concentrator for conducting and emitting the second-wavelength light onto the surface of the standardized seedling collection board; wherein the first-wavelength light includes ultraviolet light and / or green to yellow light, and the second-wavelength light includes blue light with a wavelength range of 440-470nm and / or red light with a wavelength range of 640-680nm.

[0009] A water distribution pipe is installed along the support frame of the seedling collection board. The water distribution pipe is equipped with multiple water outlets for directional spraying of water onto the surface of the standardized seedling collection board to form a flow field for nutrient transport and metabolite removal.

[0010] Unlike existing technologies, the above technical solution provides buoyancy through a floating frame. A seedling collection board support frame holds standardized seedling collection boards. The supplemental lighting unit uses a solar fluorescent concentrator and light guide elements to convert ultraviolet light (300-400nm) and green-yellow light (500-600nm), which are either inefficient or completely unusable by photovoltaic cells, into blue and red light, which are highly efficient for diatom photosynthesis. This achieves a spectral mismatch between photovoltaic power generation and diatom photosynthesis, fundamentally avoiding direct competition for light energy and transforming previously 'discarded' spectra into energy for feed production. Water distribution pipes are responsible for directional water spraying. This combination of components solves the problem of insufficient sunlight in the water area under photovoltaic panel coverage, which hinders the natural growth of diatoms. The solar fluorescent concentrator (LSC) precisely converts the inefficient or unusable ultraviolet light and some green-yellow light, among other 'discarded' spectra, into blue light (440-470nm) and red light (640-680nm), which are most efficient for diatom photosynthesis. This not only avoids competition between diatom cultivation (abalone seedling feed) and power generation, but also converts ineffective or harmful energy into effective bioenergy, maximizing and maximizing the utilization of spectral energy per unit area. Simultaneously, by directly cultivating diatoms to their optimal state on standardized seedling collection boards and then transferring them as a whole to the abalone seedling pond after maturity, the risk of activity loss and secondary pollution during intermediate stages is eliminated. This ensures that abalone seedlings receive the freshest, most complete, and highly active natural feed, significantly improving the hatching success rate and initial survival rate. Furthermore, the floating frame and detachable support structure allow for flexible deployment in the water space under the photovoltaic panels, without occupying additional land or affecting photovoltaic operation and maintenance. The combination of suspended or tilted standardized seedling collection boards and directional spraying water pipes creates a stable and uniform microfluidic field, ensuring uniform light and nutrient distribution for each standardized seedling collection board. This makes it possible to achieve standardized, industrialized, high-quality, and stable feed production in the traditionally considered "inferior water" of photovoltaic shade. In addition, this invention solves the core pain point that restricts the development of abalone seedling cultivation in the context of solar-fishery integration, making it possible to carry out high-value-added seedling cultivation industrialization in photovoltaic areas, which can significantly increase the comprehensive output value per unit area of ​​water.

[0011] In some embodiments, the floating frame is divided into an inoculation zone, a main culture zone, and a maturation storage zone. The concept of these functional zones can be physical partitions or logical management partitions. In these embodiments, this zoning design enforces a fixed process of "inoculation → culture → maturation," with each zone corresponding to a clear task and acceptance standard. This eliminates reliance on individual experience, allowing any personnel with basic training to operate according to procedures, ensuring process consistency and reproducibility, and forming the foundation for large-scale, industrialized production. A more preferable configuration is that the inoculation zone is equipped with low light and low flow rate to facilitate spore attachment and improve initial attachment rate and uniformity; the main culture zone is equipped with strong light (LSC conversion light + supplementary LEDs) to promote diatom growth and reach biomass targets as quickly as possible; and the maturation storage zone provides a stable and mild environment to ensure that only standardized algae plates that meet the standards are fed, matching the feeding rhythm of the seedling pond. Furthermore, this zoning management can improve the time overlap and spatial specialization of the production process, significantly increasing production efficiency and facility utilization.

[0012] In some specific implementations, the inoculation area is equipped with a diatomaceous earth spore liquid spraying device. This promotes uniform inoculation of spores. In a more preferred embodiment, an adhesive nutrient agent that promotes spore attachment can also be added.

[0013] In some specific implementations, the seed collection board support frame is equipped with a moving track, which is configured to move the standardized seed collection board sequentially along a path from the inoculation area through the main culture area to the mature storage area. By setting up such a moving path for the standardized seed collection board, the zoning management and production process are implemented in the physical structure, embodying the industrial "assembly line" production concept. This lays a foundation for fully or semi-automatic production of diatom feed for abalone seedlings, reducing human intervention and moving towards intelligent production. The standardized seed collection board feeding process eliminates secondary damage, and the robustness of the system is ensured through the coordinated control of environment, light, and flow rate. This allows for the construction of an industrialized, high-economic-value live feed production line for abalone seedlings in waters with high photovoltaic coverage.

[0014] In some optimized embodiments, the surface of the standardized seed collection board has a micron-level rough structure, and its material is loaded with one or more slow-release particles selected from silicates, nitrates, and phosphates. This physical morphology of the standardized seed collection board increases the attachment area and mechanical locking ability of live diatoms. These micron-level rough structures can be formed by chemical etching, laser processing, or mold forming, and are pits or columnar arrays matching the size of the target diatom spores, enhancing biocompatibility. The slow-release particles loaded with one or more of silicates, nitrates, and phosphates within the standardized seed collection board material endow it with a nutrient slow-release function, allowing the carrier itself to continuously provide nutrients for diatom growth. In more preferred embodiments, the surface of the standardized seed collection board is also coated with a hydrophilic coating or a positively charged coating, which further enhances the initial adsorption of diatom spores.

[0015] In scenarios requiring intelligent control, a control unit is also included. This control unit is electrically connected to the supplemental lighting unit and a flow regulating valve mounted on the water distribution pipe. It is used to collaboratively adjust lighting parameters and water flow rate based on a preset program or information from a light sensor. Directional spraying from the water distribution pipe creates a stable flow field, ensuring more uniform and controllable exchange of nutrients and metabolites than natural water flow. The arrangement of suspended or inclined standardized seedling collection boards, along with the supplemental lighting unit and water distribution pipe, ensures uniformity of light and nutrients for each standardized seedling collection board.

[0016] In a second aspect, the inventors provide a method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings raised in a fish-solar hybrid system, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1 installs a clean, standardized seed collection board onto a live diatom feed production raft as described in the first aspect of the present invention, located in the water below the photovoltaic panel.

[0018] S2 inoculates the standardized seedling collection board with diatoms;

[0019] S3 cultured the standardized seedling collection plates after inoculation until the diatoms grew to the target biomass;

[0020] S4 removes the standardized seedling collection board, which has been cultured and is covered with diatoms, from the live diatom feed production raft.

[0021] S5 directly transfers the standardized seed collection board with algae to the abalone seedling pond for the abalone seedlings to feed on.

[0022] Addressing the core bottleneck of insufficient sunlight and the loss of natural feed caused by photovoltaic coverage in the aquaculture-solar complementary model, high-quality diatom live feed, essential for abalone seedling cultivation, is stably produced in the power generation area through artificial supplemental lighting and intelligent control. This transforms the impossibility of cultivating high-value species like abalone under photovoltaic panels into a highly efficient and feasible practice, driving the strategic upgrade of the aquaculture-solar complementary industry from low-value aquaculture to high-end seedling cultivation. The "cultivation on the board, feeding with the board" model avoids the mechanical damage to algae, loss of activity, and water pollution that inevitably occur in the traditional "algae scraping-transportation-sprinkling" process. This ensures that abalone seedlings consume the freshest, intact, and highly active natural feed, significantly improving the attachment and metamorphosis success rate of creeping larvae, their initial survival rate, and effectively reducing the incidence of diseases such as "detachment disease." The biological process of diatom growth is transformed into a standardized industrial process of "installation-inoculation-cultivation-harvesting." Combined with the functional zoning of the raft, multiple batches of overlapping production are achieved, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of feed. Furthermore, the technical solution of this invention converts the "waste spectrum" of photovoltaic panels into bioenergy for live diatom feed and transforms nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the aquaculture water into high-quality protein, achieving efficient recycling of energy and material flows. Without occupying additional land or affecting power generation, it greatly improves the economic output and resource utilization efficiency per unit water surface area, realizing a deep and efficient symbiosis between photovoltaic power generation and high-end aquaculture.

[0023] Preferably, when S3 cultivates the standardized seedling collection plate after inoculation, the provided illumination includes blue light with a wavelength of 440-470 nm and red light with a wavelength of 640-680 nm, and the blue light photon flux density accounts for 35%-50% of the total photosynthetically active photon flux density. A high proportion of blue light effectively promotes protein synthesis within diatom cells and significantly increases the content of total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA). The aforementioned wavelengths of blue light help maintain the normal and robust morphology of diatom cells and promote the secretion of more extracellular polysaccharides, which are key "biological glues" for forming a strong algal membrane. Stronger attachment means that the algal membrane is less likely to detach during "plate-based transfer" and abalone feeding, making it suitable for "plate-based feeding." A blue light photon flux density of 35%-50% of the total photosynthetically active photon flux density ensures continuous induction of high-quality nutrient synthesis. EPA is an essential fatty acid necessary for the growth and development of abalone seedlings and is crucial for their nervous system development, immunity, and survival rate. By controlling light intensity, high-protein, high-EPA nutrient-value diatom feed can be produced.

[0024] Preferably, the light intensity is 4000-5000 lux; and / or the water temperature is 24-26℃. Within this light intensity range, the photosynthetic rate of typical benthic diatoms approaches its maximum, while respiration consumption remains relatively stable, thus achieving a peak net growth rate. A water temperature within this range ensures optimal enzyme activity and metabolic rate in benthic diatoms. The above settings allow for the configuration of a standard culture mode (e.g., a flow rate of 3-5 cm / s), where the diatoms are in a state of abundant energy, vigorous metabolism, and a comfortable environment, achieving simultaneous high-speed growth and high-quality substance accumulation.

[0025] More preferably, the control unit is configured to: reduce the water flow velocity to 1.5-2.5 cm / s when the light intensity is below 4000 lux; and / or increase the water flow velocity to 6-8 cm / s when the detected water temperature is above 24°C. When the light intensity is below 4000 lux, the energy produced by photosynthesis becomes the limiting factor. Reducing the flow velocity directly reduces the energy consumption of cells to resist water flow shear, prolongs the nutrient contact time, and the low-speed water flow increases the residence time of water masses flowing over the algal film surface, giving algal cells a more sufficient opportunity to absorb the scarce nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon) in the water, thus improving nutrient uptake efficiency. Increased water temperature will significantly increase the algal respiration rate and microbial oxygen consumption, while reducing the dissolved oxygen saturation of the water, creating a dual pressure. High-speed water flow can quickly remove the heat generated by algal respiration and sunlight, breaking the "insulating boundary layer" formed during stagnant or slow-flowing conditions. This prevents local water temperatures from exceeding the average pool water temperature, avoiding mass algal cell death caused by heat spots. It also significantly enhances oxygen diffusion and carbon dioxide escape at the water-air interface and on the algal film surface, rapidly replenishing dissolved oxygen consumed by intensified respiration at high temperatures and expelling metabolic waste (such as ammonia). This prevents the algal film from blackening, rotting, and detaching due to oxygen deficiency and toxin accumulation. Simultaneously, increased temperature is often accompanied by accelerated proliferation of harmful bacteria; increasing flow velocity can disrupt their attachment and colonization, improving the local microenvironment.

[0026] The above description of the invention is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application and to implement it based on the description and drawings, and to make the above-mentioned objectives and other objectives, features and advantages of this application easier to understand, the following description is provided in conjunction with the specific embodiments and drawings of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, features, and effects of specific embodiments of this application and other related content, and should not be considered as limitations on this application.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual:

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a raft for producing live diatom feed for abalone seedlings in a fishery-solar hybrid farming system, as described in a specific embodiment.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a raft for producing live diatom feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-aquaculture hybrid farming, as described in a specific embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0034] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A exists, B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0035] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order between these entities or operations.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0037] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0039] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral setting; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art to which this application pertains, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] In recent years, solar-aquaculture integrated projects have developed rapidly. However, the high-density coverage of photovoltaic modules (typically >60%) has led to a sharp reduction in sunlight in water bodies, severely restricting traditional aquaculture, especially the seedling production of valuable species such as abalone, which have extremely high requirements for light and feed quality. Benthic diatoms, as an irreplaceable high-quality natural starter food for abalone seedlings, are difficult to reproduce naturally under the shadow of photovoltaics, becoming a core bottleneck restricting the industry's upgrade to high value-added. Currently, the industry lacks an effective solution for the stable and efficient cultivation of high-quality live diatom feed in waters with limited sunlight. Therefore, developing an innovative technology that can overcome the photovoltaic shading effect and achieve precise supply of live feed, thereby unlocking the high-end seedling production potential of solar-aquaculture integrated projects, has urgent industrial needs and significant economic value.

[0041] In this invention, "LSC" refers to Luminescent Solar Concentrator; "PAR" refers to Photosynthetically Active Radiation (400-700nm wavelength); "EPA" refers to Eicosapentaenoic Acid, an essential ω-3 fatty acid for abalone larvae; and "PLA" refers to biodegradable polylactic acid.

[0042] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the test reagents, instruments, and measurement methods used are all commonly used and well known to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Example 1: A raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-fish integrated farming system

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedling cultivation in a solar-aquaculture hybrid system. The raft is a modular rectangular structure, 4 meters long and 2 meters wide. A floating frame 11, constructed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) floating pipes, is suspended in the aquaculture pond below the photovoltaic panels, covering approximately 70% of the photovoltaic projection area. The floating frame 11 has sufficient buoyancy to support all components and the fully loaded seedling collection plate.

[0045] A seedling collection board support frame 12 is fixed on the floating frame 11. This support frame is made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy profiles and is designed with multiple parallel slots. The slots are used to detachably support the standardized seedling collection board 2. In this embodiment, the standardized seedling collection board 2 is made of black PVC corrugated board that is completely identical to the target abalone hatchery, and its size is 40cm × 60cm. The seedling collection board support frame 12 suspends the seedling collection board 2 at a 75° angle to the water surface, with the corrugation direction parallel to the water flow direction, to maximize the light-receiving area and facilitate water flow.

[0046] A supplementary lighting unit 31 is installed approximately 30 cm above the seedling collection plate support frame 12. The supplementary lighting unit 31 is crucial for achieving efficient production under photovoltaic shadow conditions, and its core is the solar fluorescent concentrator plate 311. This plate uses a 5mm thick transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate, uniformly doped with two organic fluorescent dyes (BASF's Lumogen series dyes F Violet 570 and F Red 300): one absorbs ultraviolet light at 300-400nm and emits blue light with a peak at 450nm; the other absorbs green-yellow light at 500-600nm and emits red light with a peak at 660nm. The solar fluorescent concentrator plate LSC311 is placed horizontally, with all four edges coupled to the light guide element 312 via optical adhesive. The light guide element 312 consists of multiple side-emitting plastic optical fibers arranged in parallel, with their emitting sides facing the seedling collection plate 2 below. When sunlight (including direct light and reflected and scattered light from the photovoltaic panel) shines on the LSC plate 311, ultraviolet light and some green and yellow light are absorbed and converted into red and blue light. This light is captured inside the plate and transmitted to the edge through total internal reflection. Finally, it is uniformly irradiated downwards onto the surface of the seedling plate in the form of a linear light source by the side-emitting optical fiber 312. The technical principle of solar fluorescent concentrators (LSCs) that convert waste light spectrum into red and blue light needed by diatoms is as follows: 1. Selective absorption: The fluorescent material doped in the LSC can specifically absorb photons in the ultraviolet and green / yellow light bands of the solar spectrum where photovoltaic panels have low utilization efficiency; 2. Stokes shift emission: After absorbing high-energy photons, the fluorescent material molecules undergo energy level transitions and release new photons with slightly lower energy when returning to the ground state, namely blue light (440-470nm) and red light (640-680nm) with longer wavelengths. These two bands happen to be the peak efficiency regions of diatom photosynthesis; 3. Total internal reflection light guiding: When the converted red and blue light propagates inside the LSC, it is bound inside the plate by total internal reflection because the incident angle is greater than the critical angle. Finally, it is conducted to the edge of the plate and output to the diatom culture carrier below through the light guiding element. Actual measurements showed that under the midday shade of the photovoltaic panel, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the surface of the seedling collection panel could reach over 100 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, with blue light photons accounting for approximately 40% of the spectrum.

[0047] A water distribution pipe 41 is arranged along the length of the seedling collection plate support frame 12. The water distribution pipe 41 is a PVC pipe with precisely arranged water outlets on the side facing the seedling collection plate. The spray direction of the water outlets is adjusted to be basically parallel to the corrugation direction of the seedling collection plate 2, so as to form a stable and uniform laminar flow on the surface of each plate. The flow rate is controlled by the flow regulating valve 411 on the pipe, and the standard culture flow rate is set to 4.0 cm / s. The water distribution pipe 41 is connected to an external circulating water pump and nutrient solution addition tank, which can continuously replenish essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon into the flow field.

[0048] Furthermore, the floating frame 11 is logically divided into three functional areas: an inoculation area 111, a main culture area 112, and a maturity storage area 113. An automated diatom spore spraying device 1111 is mounted above the inoculation area 111 to uniformly spray a high concentration of spores of a specific diatom species (such as *Navicula* sp.) onto the surface of the newly inserted clean seed collection plate 2. The seed collection plate support frame 12 integrates a lightweight moving track 121, allowing operators to easily push the sliding frame carrying the seed collection plate 2 along the track from the inoculation area 111 to the main culture area 112, and finally to the maturity storage area 113, achieving a streamlined operation.

[0049] To optimize attachment and growth, the surface of the standardized seedling board 2 is laser-processed to form an array of micro-pits with an average depth of approximately 10 μm (micron-level rough structure). Simultaneously, during the PVC board extrusion process, approximately 3% by weight of coated slow-release fertilizer granules, containing sodium silicate, potassium nitrate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, are incorporated, which continuously and slowly release the nutrients required for diatom growth during cultivation.

[0050] The raft is also equipped with a control unit (not shown in the figure, such as a PLC controller). The control unit is electrically connected to the auxiliary LED driver of the supplementary lighting unit 31 (used to supplement red and blue light on cloudy or rainy days), the flow regulating valve 411 on the water distribution pipe 41, and the light sensor and water temperature sensor deployed on the raft. The control unit has a pre-set control program that can adjust the light parameters and water flow rate in real time based on sensor feedback. For example, when the light sensor reading is below 4000 lux (approximately 80 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), the program reduces the opening of the flow regulating valve, reducing the flow velocity on the plate to 2.0 cm / s; when the water temperature sensor reading is above 25℃, the valve opening is increased, increasing the flow velocity to 7.0 cm / s.

[0051] Example 2: A method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings in a fish-solar hybrid farming system.

[0052] Using the raft frame of Example 1, the production and feeding of live diatomaceous earth feed were carried out according to the following steps:

[0053] S1. Installation: Insert the thoroughly cleaned and disinfected standardized seedling collection board 2 into the support frame slot of the raft inoculation area 111.

[0054] S2. Inoculation: Activate the diatomaceous earth spore spraying device 1111 to evenly spray the prepared *Navicula* spore solution onto the surface of the seedling collection plate 2. The inoculation density is approximately 10 spores per square centimeter. 5 Each spore. During inoculation, the control unit adjusts the supplemental lighting to a low-light mode (approximately 2000 lux) and temporarily shuts off the water flow for 10 minutes to facilitate spore attachment.

[0055] S3. Cultivation: After inoculation, the seedling collection plate 2 is transferred to the main cultivation area 112 along the moving track 121. The control unit starts the standard cultivation program:

[0056] Lighting: The system primarily relies on the 311 solar fluorescent concentrator, which provides a spectrum dominated by 440-470nm blue light and 640-680nm red light, with the blue light photon flux automatically maintained at around 40%. During consecutive cloudy or rainy days, the system automatically activates auxiliary LED lights to supplement the lighting, maintaining the panel surface illumination within the preferred range of 4000-5000 lux (approximately 80-100 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹).

[0057] Water Flow and Nutrients: The circulating water pump is turned on, and pond water with added basic nutrients is sprayed onto the surface of the plate at a standard flow rate of 4.0 cm / s through water distribution pipe 41. The water temperature is monitored by sensors and maintained at 24-26℃.

[0058] Intelligent control: If a sudden strong light blockage causes the light intensity to drop below 4000 lux, the system will automatically reduce the flow rate to 2.0 cm / s; if the water temperature rises above 26℃ in the afternoon during summer, the system will automatically increase the flow rate to 7.0 cm / s.

[0059] The cultivation cycle is generally 5-7 days. When the chlorophyll a concentration on the plate reaches 15 μg / cm² and the algal film appears uniformly yellowish-brown with a coverage rate of over 95%, it is considered to have reached the target biomass.

[0060] S4. Pre-transfer treatment: Transfer the seedling collection plate 2, which has reached the target biomass, to the mature temporary storage area 113. In this area, stop nutrient addition and continue to cultivate for 12 hours under normal light and flow rate, subjecting the seedlings to moderate nutrient starvation treatment to enhance the feeding attraction of diatoms to abalone seedlings.

[0061] S5. Feeding with Algae-Covered Plates: The prepared abalone collection plates 2, covered with abundant active diatoms, are removed directly from the raft frame in the mature storage area 113 and horizontally transferred to the adjacent abalone rearing pond within 30 minutes. The entire algae-covered collection plate 2 is inserted directly into the frame of the rearing pond for feeding by juvenile abalone with shells approximately 2-3 mm in length. The collection plates remain in the rearing pond for 5-7 days, until approximately 60-70% of the diatoms have been consumed, at which point the plates are removed and recycled.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] This embodiment provides a variant of the raft structure. The floating frame 11 is composed of multiple independent annular float units spliced ​​together to form a stable honeycomb structure. The seedling collection board support frame 12 is a disc-shaped support that can rotate 360 ​​degrees, and the standardized seedling collection board 2 is suspended radially around the disc. This design can be adjusted according to wind direction or manually to ensure that the seedling collection board always faces the optimal direction of the light source. The standardized seedling collection board 2 is made of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) composite material, and its surface is molded to form a micron-level rough structure that combines micron-level protrusions and nano-level structures, similar to lotus leaves, greatly increasing the adhesion area. During injection molding, gelatin-based slow-release particles containing sodium silicate and trace elements are mixed into the board, which can slowly dissolve and release in water.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] This embodiment focuses on an alternative implementation of the supplemental lighting unit and a simplified control logic. The supplemental lighting unit 31 mainly consists of an LED light panel with specific wavelengths, directly mounted above the seedling tray support frame 12. The LED beads are arranged proportionally, directly emitting 440nm blue light and 660nm red light, with the photon output of the blue LEDs configured to account for 40% of the total photosynthetically active photon flux. The control unit is a basic circuit system based on timers and relays, preset to: turn on supplemental lighting and circulating water flow (standard flow rate 4 cm / s) from 6:00 to 18:00 daily; turn off supplemental lighting at night (18:00 to 6:00 the next day) and reduce the water flow rate to 1 cm / s to save energy. Although no real-time sensor is integrated, this fixed rhythm mode can still provide basic illumination and flow field environment for most of the time, and is an underlying implementation method that can be adjusted according to a preset program.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] This embodiment demonstrates a non-continuously moving "batch management" production process. The inoculation area 111, main culture area 112, and maturity storage area 113 of the raft are physically separated by a mesh. The operation procedure is as follows:

[0068] (1) On Monday, insert and spray 20 new inoculation plates in the inoculation area (S2).

[0069] (2) On Wednesday, the plates that were inoculated last Friday and had been initially attached in the inoculation area were manually transferred in batches to the main culture area.

[0070] (3) On Friday, the plates inoculated on Monday were transferred to the main culture area, and the mature plates that had been cultured in the main culture area for 5 days were transferred in batches to the mature temporary storage area.

[0071] (4) On the same day (Friday), all mature plates are taken out from the mature storage area and feeding is carried out with plates (S4, S5).

[0072] This rhythmic management of "three zones and two batches" also achieves functional zoning and process-oriented operations, and reflects the flexibility of zoned management.

[0073] Example 7

[0074] This embodiment demonstrates an advanced control scheme integrating a predictive model. The control unit connects to short-term weather forecast data from a local meteorological station. When continuous rain (sunlight levels below the threshold) is predicted within the next 6 hours, the control unit gradually reduces the water flow velocity from 4 cm / s to 2.5 cm / s one hour in advance and activates auxiliary LED supplemental lighting to 5000 lux in advance to "store" energy for the rainy period. When extreme high temperatures above 35°C are predicted for the next day, the system begins ice-making during off-peak electricity hours the night before and flows the ice-water mixture through the auxiliary cooling sleeve of the water distribution pipe 41 during the high-temperature period, maintaining the local water temperature on the plate below 26°C while increasing the water flow velocity to 8 cm / s.

[0075] Example 8: Effect Verification

[0076] To verify the beneficial effects of this invention, a comparative experiment was conducted at a solar-fishery complementary project base in East China. The specific procedures are as follows:

[0077] Experimental group: Diatom cultivation and abalone seedling raising were carried out in a pond with a photovoltaic panel coverage of 65% using the raft frame and method described in Examples 1 and 2 of this invention.

[0078] Control group 1: In the same photovoltaic pond, only ordinary floating frames were set up to suspend the same seedling collection boards, without any supplemental lighting or intelligent water flow control, relying on natural conditions.

[0079] Control group 2: Diatoms were cultivated and fed in a traditional open-air pond without photovoltaic shade using the conventional method of "natural algae attachment in the seedling tray pond".

[0080] The method for determining the average daily growth rate of diatoms is a direct determination method based on biomass conversion. The specific operation and calculation methods are as follows:

[0081] Wherein, GR represents the yield per unit area, the rate of accumulation of attached biomass, i.e., the average daily growth rate of diatoms (mg / dm²·d), B2 and B1 represent the total biomass measured on dates t1 and t2, respectively, referring to the total dry weight or total chlorophyll a mass of the entire sample. A is the actual attachment area of ​​diatoms on the seedling collection board, in dm².

[0082] Diatom productivity: The average daily growth rate of diatoms per unit area of ​​the seedling board in the experimental group (based on dry weight) was 25.3 mg / dm²·d, which was 6.2 times that of control group 1 (4.1 mg / dm²·d) (it can be seen that LSC supplemental lighting is a necessary condition for achieving basic yield in shaded environments), and there was no significant difference from control group 2 (27.8 mg / dm²·d), proving that the present invention completely overcomes the negative impact of photovoltaic shading.

[0083] Feed quality: The protein content and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content of diatoms in the experimental group were 18% and 22% higher than those in the control group, respectively. This was due to the targeted regulation of the red-blue light ratio (blue light accounted for 40%).

[0084] Abalone seedling cultivation effect: The survival rate of juvenile abalone fed with the experimental group's feed plate reached 87.5% during the 30-day cultivation period, which was significantly higher than that of control group 1 (41.2%) and control group 2 (80.1%); at the same time, its specific growth rate was also better than that of control group 2 by about 15%.

[0085] System stability: During the 90-day test, the experimental system successfully withstood multiple consecutive rainy and high-temperature weather events without large-scale algal film detachment or decay, demonstrating excellent robustness.

[0086] Example 9

[0087] This embodiment conducted a blue light percentage gradient experiment:

[0088] Five groups were established with blue light percentages of 20%, 35%, 45%, 50%, and 60%, and *Novoidea* were cultured under identical conditions for 7 days. The results showed that when the blue light percentage was between 35% and 50%, the EPA content per unit area of ​​diatoms was 22%-30% higher than in the other groups, and the algal membrane adhesion strength (as measured by a specific shear force test) was increased by more than 35%. At a blue light percentage of 20%, fatty acid unsaturation decreased, while at a blue light percentage of 60%, cell division rate was photoinhibited.

[0089] In summary, this invention successfully solves the core industrial bottleneck of insufficient underwater light and the inability of benthic diatoms to reproduce naturally under the high-density photovoltaic coverage in the fishery-solar complementary model. By pioneering a new system of "dedicated cultivation rafts under photovoltaic panels," "LSC spectral conversion and precise supplemental lighting," "intelligent environmental collaborative control," and an integrated process of "cultivation on the panel - feeding on the panel," a stable, efficient, and controllable new system for live feed production has been constructed. Implementation results show that under a photovoltaic coverage rate of 65%, effective photosynthetic radiation can be restored to 4000-5000 lux, the daily growth rate of diatoms (dry weight) reaches 25.3 mg / dm², and the nutritional value of the feed (protein, EPA) increases by 18-22%, ultimately significantly increasing the survival rate of abalone juveniles from approximately 41% under traditional shade to 87.5%. This invention not only enables the stable production of high-quality live bait for abalone seedling cultivation in the power generation water area, but also promotes the strategic upgrade of the fishery-solar complementary industry from "simple and extensive aquaculture" to "high-efficiency and high-end seedling cultivation", achieving a deep and efficient symbiosis between photovoltaic power generation and high-end aquaculture.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in the text and drawings of this application, this should not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any technical solutions that are based on the essential concept of this application and utilize the content described in the text and drawings of this application, resulting in equivalent structural or procedural substitutions or modifications, as well as the direct or indirect application of the technical solutions of the above embodiments to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-fish integrated farming system, characterized in that, include: The floating frame (11) is used to provide buoyancy and support the components; The seedling collection board support frame (12) is fixed on the floating frame (11) and is used to detachably support multiple standardized seedling collection boards (2) that are consistent with the specifications of the abalone seedling pond, and to keep the standardized seedling collection boards (2) in a suspended or inclined state. A supplementary lighting unit (31) is disposed above the seedling collection board support frame (12). The supplementary lighting unit (31) includes a solar fluorescent concentrator (311) for absorbing the first wavelength of sunlight and converting it into a second wavelength of longer light. The first wavelength includes ultraviolet light and / or green to yellow light, and the second wavelength includes blue light with a wavelength range of 440-470nm and / or red light with a wavelength range of 640-680nm. A light guide element (312) is optically coupled to at least one edge of the solar fluorescent concentrator (311) for conducting and emitting the second wavelength of light onto the surface of the standardized seedling collection board (2). A water distribution pipe (41) is set along the seedling board support frame (12). The water distribution pipe (41) is provided with multiple water outlets for spraying water onto the surface of the standardized seedling board (2) in a directional manner to form a flow field for nutrient transport and metabolite removal.

2. The raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating frame (11) is divided into an inoculation area (111), a main culture area (112), and a mature storage area (113).

3. The raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inoculation area (111) is equipped with a diatom spore liquid spraying device (1111).

4. The raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The seedling collection board support frame (12) is provided with a moving track (121), which is configured to move the standardized seedling collection board (2) sequentially along a path from the inoculation area through the main culture area to the mature storage area.

5. The raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the standardized seedling collection board (2) has a micron-level rough structure, and its material is loaded with one or more slow-release particles of silicate, nitrate and phosphate.

6. The raft for producing live diatomaceous earth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the supplementary lighting unit (31) and the flow regulating valve (411) disposed on the water distribution pipe (41), and is used to coordinately adjust the lighting parameters and water flow rate according to the preset program or the information fed back by the light sensor.

7. A method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth feed for abalone seedlings in a solar-fish integrated farming system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 installs a clean, standardized seed collection board on a live diatom feed production raft as described in any one of claims 1-6, located in the water below the photovoltaic panel; S2 inoculates the standardized seedling collection board with diatoms; S3 cultured the standardized seedling collection plates after inoculation until the diatoms grew to the target biomass; S4 removes the standardized seedling collection board, which has been cultured and is covered with diatoms, from the live diatom feed production raft. S5 directly transfers the standardized seed collection board with algae to the abalone seedling pond for the abalone seedlings to feed on.

8. The method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth as described in claim 7, characterized in that, When S3 cultivates the standardized seedling collection plate after inoculation, the light provided includes blue light with a wavelength of 440-470nm and red light with a wavelength of 640-680nm, and the blue light photon flux density accounts for 35%-50% of the total photosynthetically effective photon flux density.

9. The method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The light intensity is 4000-5000 lux; and / or the water temperature is 24-26℃.

10. The method for producing and feeding live diatomaceous earth as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The control unit is configured to: reduce the water flow velocity to 1.5-2.5 cm / s when the light intensity is below 4000 lux; and / or increase the water flow velocity to 6-8 cm / s when the water temperature is detected to be above 24°C.

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