A membrane structure for a variable cross-section observatory

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of fetal membrane structures for variable cross-section observation tower, observation tower includes the center column of vertical arrangement, the circumference of center column is installed several outer columns, also include: several fetal membrane components, for annular structure of horizontal arrangement, fixed installation is coaxial on center column, suitable for fixed installation the steel structure of observation tower;Several limiting components, for annular structure of horizontal arrangement, and respectively coaxial self-rotation is installed on corresponding fetal membrane component;Fetal membrane component includes several legs, several legs are radially arranged along center column, limiting component is installed on several legs;Several legs are telescopic structure, the length of several legs is adjusted synchronously by rotating limiting component, to adjust the diameter of fetal membrane component.The fetal membrane structure realizes that main body of fetal membrane component does not need to be split during construction process, and only by standardization leg extension and sliding sleeve synchronous positioning can be accurately completed the adjustment of cross-sectional dimension, process is intuitive, and there is no cumulative deviation produced by independent adjustment link.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steel structure technology, and relates to irregular steel structures, especially a membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation deck. Background Technology

[0002] Variable cross-section hollow steel structure observation decks are widely used in scenic areas, urban landmarks, and park monitoring due to their aesthetic appeal and unobstructed views. Their core structural feature is that the cross-sectional dimensions of the observation deck vary with height, requiring simultaneous fulfillment of three key requirements during construction: variable cross-section adaptation, precise steel pipe positioning, and stable high-altitude support. Existing construction templates and methods for this type of observation deck have the following problems:

[0003] 1. Traditional membrane structures are mostly fixed frames or adjustable supports, which are not well adapted to variable cross-section hollow structures. They often need to be made and dismantled section by section, resulting in large material waste and low turnover rate, making it difficult to meet the general construction needs of multi-project and multi-specification lookout towers.

[0004] 2. There is a contradiction between reusability and adaptability: Customized membrane structures are only compatible with a single type of lookout tower, while universal adjustable membrane structures are complex, costly, cumbersome to disassemble and assemble, and inconvenient to transport, which is not conducive to the reuse of membrane structures between projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower that is highly applicable and low in cost.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower, the observation tower including a vertically arranged central column, with several outer columns installed around the periphery of the central column, and further including:

[0008] Several membrane assemblies, which are horizontally arranged ring structures, are coaxially fixedly installed on the central column at intervals, suitable for fixing and installing the steel structure of the observation tower;

[0009] Several limiting components are horizontally arranged annular structures, and are coaxially and rotatably mounted on the corresponding membrane components;

[0010] The membrane assembly includes several legs, which are arranged radially along the central column, and a limiting assembly is installed on the legs.

[0011] Several legs are telescopic structures, and the length of several legs can be adjusted synchronously by rotating the limiting component, thereby adjusting the diameter of the membrane assembly.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the membrane assembly also includes a positioning ring, several diagonal braces, and the outer ends of several legs are fixedly mounted on the positioning ring, and the inner ends of several legs are fixedly mounted on the central column.

[0013] Several diagonal braces are fixedly installed between several legs and the central column.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the inner ends of both the diagonal brace and the support leg are provided with fixing plates, which are vertically arranged.

[0015] Two pairs of clamps are fitted on the central column, with each pair of clamps located at the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate, which is suitable for tightly fixing the fixing plate to the central column.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the limiting component includes a limiting ring, a plurality of sliding sleeves and a plurality of support legs. The limiting ring is located inside the positioning ring, and a plurality of sliding sleeves are spaced on the limiting ring. The sliding sleeves are fixedly installed on the support legs, and the support legs are fixedly installed on the sliding sleeves.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the outrigger includes a fixed section and a telescopic section. The fixed section is fixedly installed between the central column and the sliding sleeve. One end of the telescopic section is inserted into the outrigger seat, and the other end of the telescopic section is fixedly installed on the positioning ring.

[0018] In a further embodiment, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the telescopic section, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the limiting ring;

[0019] The side of the support leg has a groove through which the connecting rod passes.

[0020] In a further embodiment, a raised guide strip is formed on the inner sidewall of the support leg, and a corresponding guide groove is formed on one side surface of the support leg.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the diagonal brace is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding sleeve.

[0022] In a further embodiment, a plurality of clip sleeves are fixedly installed at intervals on the positioning ring, and clip slots are fixedly installed on the clip sleeves, with outer columns fixedly installed inside the clip slots.

[0023] In a further embodiment, a pad is fixedly installed inside the card slot, and a fall protection strap is also installed on the card slot;

[0024] The inner side of the outer column rests against the padding, and the fall arrestor belt is tightly fastened to the outer side of the outer column.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. This membrane structure achieves highly efficient variable cross-section adaptation. During construction, there is no need to disassemble the main membrane component; the cross-sectional dimensions can be precisely adjusted simply through standardized leg extensions and synchronous positioning with sliding sleeves. The process is intuitive and eliminates cumulative deviations caused by independent adjustment steps. Compared to traditional solutions, this membrane structure boasts a positioning accuracy of ≤3mm, 100% reusability, over 50% improved adaptation efficiency, and 70% reduced cost. It can also perfectly adapt to complex variable cross-section shapes such as "wide at the bottom → narrow at the waist → wide at the top," significantly shortening the construction preparation cycle.

[0027] 2. This membrane structure adopts a core structural system of "membrane components + limiting components," completely abandoning the complex design of traditional track sliding and nested folding. Through the coordinated operation of extended outriggers, sliding sleeve movement, and movable slots, a multi-dimensional adjustable system is constructed, which can control the positioning accuracy of the outer columns to within ≤3mm, providing dual protection for the forming quality and construction safety of the observation deck's hollow structure. In addition, the three-dimensional reinforcement system formed by outriggers + diagonal braces + double clamps + positioning rings ensures the overall rigidity and high-altitude stability of the membrane, with a single section bearing a load of over 800kg, without any risk of loosening or deformation.

[0028] 3. This membrane structure employs a dual protection mechanism of slots and fall arrestors for the outer columns, structurally eliminating the risk of accidental slippage of high-altitude steel pipes and greatly improving the safety of high-altitude operations. Furthermore, the membrane and limiting components eliminate complex linkage and tilt adjustment mechanisms; all parts are connected by bolts, making assembly and disassembly simple and straightforward. The entire construction process does not require specialized equipment or highly skilled technicians; a single person can complete the core assembly steps, greatly meeting the actual needs of on-site construction.

[0029] 4. This membrane structure adopts a fully modular and standardized design, which can be widely adapted to central columns with diameters ranging from 600mm to 1200mm, outer columns with diameters ranging from 150mm to 300mm, and observation platform cross-sectional radii ranging from 2m to 6m. When transferring between different projects, no parts need to be remanufactured; quick adaptation can be achieved simply by adjusting and replacing the liner, achieving a 100% reuse rate for membrane components. This feature significantly reduces material consumption and construction costs, making it particularly suitable for the mass construction and promotion of small and medium-sized variable cross-section observation platforms.

[0030] 5. This membrane structure employs a synchronous drive mechanism consisting of a limiting ring and connecting rods, efficiently and precisely converting circular motion into synchronous radial extension and retraction of all outriggers through a purely mechanical means. This design completely solves the problems of low efficiency and uneven cross-sectional contours caused by traditional individual outrigger adjustment methods. While improving adjustment efficiency, it also ensures the molding quality and aesthetics of the observation tower's ring structure from a manufacturing perspective. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0032] Figure 2 A top view of a membrane structure used for a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a clamp for a membrane structure used in a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0034] Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a limiting component for a membrane structure used in a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0035] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of a limiting component for a membrane structure used in a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0036] Figure 6 This is the third schematic diagram of a limiting component for a membrane structure used in a variable cross-section observation tower;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping sleeve for a membrane structure used in a variable cross-section observation tower.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Center post; 2. Membrane assembly; 21. Positioning ring; 22. Outrigger; 221. Fixing plate; 222. Guide groove; 23. Diagonal brace; 24. Clamp; 3. Limiting assembly; 31. Limiting ring; 32. Sliding sleeve; 33. Outrigger seat; 331. Slide groove; 332. Guide strip; 34. Connecting rod; 4. Outer post; 5. Clamping sleeve; 51. Clamping groove; 52. Pad; 53. Anti-fall belt. Detailed Implementation

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0040] Due to their aesthetic appeal and unobstructed views, the variable cross-section hollow steel structure observation deck is widely used in scenic areas, urban landmarks, and park monitoring. Its core structural feature is the spatially non-linear curved distribution of the outer steel pipes, with the cross-sectional dimensions exhibiting a gradual change in shape from "wider at the bottom → narrower at the waist → wider at the top" or linearly varying with height. During construction, three core requirements must be simultaneously met: "variable cross-section adaptation," "precise positioning of the steel pipes," and "stable support at high altitudes."

[0041] Existing construction templates and methods for this type of observation tower generally suffer from the following technical defects, making it difficult to balance patent innovation with on-site practicality, resulting in unsatisfactory construction effects:

[0042] 1. Traditional membrane structures are mostly fixed frames or simple adjustable supports, which are not well adapted to variable cross-section hollow structures. They often need to be made and dismantled section by section, resulting in large material waste and low turnover rate, making it difficult to meet the general construction needs of multi-project and multi-specification lookout towers.

[0043] 2. Existing positioning devices mostly rely on manual marking and single-point adjustment, making it difficult to uniformly control radial positioning accuracy. During high-altitude operations, problems such as steel pipe displacement and uneven contours are prone to occur. Furthermore, there is a lack of reliable fall prevention and overall reinforcement measures, making it difficult to guarantee construction safety and forming quality.

[0044] 3. Poor coordination between positioning and support: The emphasis is on adjustment function while the support rigidity is weakened. It is easy to shake and deform during high-altitude construction. Some schemes emphasize the stability of support but the positioning structure is fixed, which cannot be adapted to steel pipes of different diameters and layout positions.

[0045] 4. Conflict between reusability and adaptability: Customized membrane structures are only compatible with a single type of lookout tower, while universal adjustable membrane structures are complex, costly, cumbersome to assemble and disassemble, and inconvenient to transport, which is not conducive to reuse between projects.

[0046] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, there is an urgent need to break through the traditional structural framework of adjustable membranes and design a specialized membrane that is structurally simple, has clear innovations, is highly adaptable to variable cross-sections, provides reliable positioning and support, and is reusable, thus meeting the needs for convenience and economy in on-site construction.

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] A membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown, the observation deck includes a central pillar 1 and several outer pillars 4. The outer pillars 4 are spaced around the central pillar 1 and are all inclined, giving the entire observation deck an hourglass shape, meaning the cross-sectional dimension of the central part of the observation deck is smaller than the cross-sectional dimensions of the upper and lower ends. Several membrane assemblies 2 are fixedly installed on the central pillar 1 from top to bottom, concentrically with the central pillar 1, facilitating the installation of the outer pillars 4. Each membrane assembly 2 is rotatably mounted with a limiting component 3, concentrically with the central pillar 1; the limiting component 3 rotates around the central pillar 1, and the diameter of the membrane assembly 2 can be adjusted by rotating the limiting component 3.

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the membrane assembly 2 adopts a modular and detachable design, enhancing its rapid assembly, multi-position adaptability, and reusability. It adapts to center columns 1 of different diameters (adaptation range: φ600-φ1200mm), with a stable overall structure and flexible installation. It requires no complex linkage mechanisms, making operation intuitive and precise. The membrane assembly 2 includes a positioning ring 21, several legs 22, and several diagonal braces 23. The legs 22 are radially arranged around the center column 1, with one end fixed to the center column 1 and the other end of each leg fixed to the positioning ring 21. The positioning ring 21 has a ring structure, and its dimensions correspond to the cross-sectional dimensions of the corresponding position on the observation deck. The top ends of the diagonal braces 23 are fixedly installed on each leg 22, and the bottom ends of the diagonal braces 23 are fixed to the center column 1. The diagonal braces 23 are inclined, forming a triangular structure with the center column 1 and the legs 22, suitable for supporting and reinforcing the legs 22. Several clamping sleeves 5 are fixedly installed at intervals on the positioning ring 21, and several outer columns 4 are fixedly installed on the clamping sleeves 5 one-to-one. Preferably, there are 4 to 6 outriggers 22, each made of 100×100×6mm square steel, with a single section length of 1.5-2m. They can be directly connected by bolts to achieve single or multiple section extensions, adapting to the radii of the positioning ring 21 of 2-6m. The outriggers 22 are rigid structures, convenient for processing and transportation, with a single section load capacity ≥800kg, and can still maintain high-altitude support rigidity even after multiple sections are extended. Several scales can be set on the surface of the outriggers 22 for easy installation. The number of diagonal braces 23 is the same as the number of outriggers 22, and they are made of 120×120×8mm square steel. The diagonal braces 23 can be telescopic rod structures, with the telescopic section fixed by bolts; the telescopic stroke is 0-500mm.

[0050] like Figure 3As shown, fixing plates 221 are fixedly installed at the ends of several support legs 22 and several diagonal braces 23. The fixing plates 221 are located on the side near the central column 1 and are vertically arranged. Several pairs of clamps 24 are fitted on the central column 1, with one membrane assembly 2 corresponding to two pairs of clamps 24. A pair of clamps 24 are located at the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate 221, respectively, and are located on the outside of the fixing plate 221, so that the fixing plate 221 is clamped between the clamps 24 and the central column 1, thus completing the firm fixation of the support legs 22 and diagonal braces 23. Furthermore, the clamps 24 include two semi-circular structures that are fastened together. Both ends of the two semi-circular structures have outwardly turned plate-like structures, and the plate-like structures of the two semi-circular structures are fixed together by several spaced bolts. During installation, first, align the fixing plate 221 with the corresponding height of the central column 1, then fasten the upper clamp 24 and secure it with M20 ordinary bolts, causing the clamp 24 to tighten inwards and compress the fixing plate 221. Next, fasten the lower clamp 24 and tighten the bolts. After checking the tightness, the support leg 22 and diagonal brace 23 are fixed. Adjust the extension length of the diagonal brace 23 according to the radius of the positioning ring 21 to determine the distance between the fixing plates 221 of the support leg 22 and diagonal brace 23, so that the fixing plate 221 of the diagonal brace 23 is aligned with the central column 1. Fasten the clamps 24 of the diagonal brace 23 and tighten the bolts to complete the fixing of the diagonal brace 23. Preferably, the inner surface of the fixing plate 221 can be an arc surface corresponding to the surface of the central column 1. A 5mm thick anti-slip rubber pad is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the fixing plate 221 to ensure a tight fit with the central column 1 without surface damage. The fixing plate 221 is formed by bending a 12mm thick Q235 steel plate. The clamp 24 is made of steel plate with a thickness of 12mm, bent into shape.

[0051] like Figures 4 to 6As shown, to achieve synchronous radial extension and retraction of all outriggers 22 and avoid cross-sectional radius deviation and uneven contour caused by adjusting each outrigger individually, a limiting component 3 is added. By manually rotating the limiting component 3, the circular motion can be converted into radial extension and retraction motion, achieving synchronous and equal adjustment of all outriggers 22. The structure is simplified, the transmission is reliable, and the operation is convenient. The limiting component 3 includes a limiting ring 31, several sliding sleeves 32, and several outrigger seats 33. The limiting ring 31 is an annular structure, and the diameter of the limiting ring 31 is smaller than that of the positioning ring 21. The limiting ring 31, the central column 1, and the positioning ring 21 are all concentrically arranged, and the limiting ring 31 rotates around the central column 1. Several sliding sleeves 32 are installed at intervals on the limiting ring 31, and several outrigger seats 33 are fixedly installed on the sliding sleeves 32 respectively. Furthermore, the outrigger 22 includes a fixed section and a telescopic section. One end of the fixed section is fixedly mounted on the central column 1 via a clamp 24, and the other end of the fixed section is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 32. The outrigger seat 33 is fixedly mounted on the corresponding outer side of the sliding sleeve 32. One end of the telescopic section is slidably mounted inside the outrigger seat 33, and the other end of the telescopic section is fixedly mounted on the positioning ring 21. The telescopic section and the fixed section are located on the same straight line. Specifically, several sleeves can be fitted onto the positioning ring 21, and the telescopic section is fixedly mounted on the sleeves. After the telescopic section is adjusted to the predetermined position, bolts are fixedly mounted on the sleeves. The bolts pass through the sleeves and tighten against the positioning ring 21, which is suitable for fixing the outrigger 22 and the positioning ring 21 together. Preferably, both the fixed section and the telescopic section of the outrigger 22 can be set as telescopic structures, such as sleeves, or as structures that can be extended segment by segment, suitable for adapting to different sizes of membrane assemblies 2. Both the positioning ring 21 and the limiting ring 31 can be prefabricated in multiple sizes, which can be flexibly selected according to the length of the support leg 22 without cutting, so as to realize the synchronous fixation and force transmission of each support leg 22 and avoid independent shaking.

[0052] The shape of the support leg 33 corresponds to the shape of the support leg 22. The support leg 33 is a hollow structure, and one end of the telescopic section of the support leg 22 is slidably installed in the support leg 33. A sliding groove 331 is formed on one side of the support leg 33. The sliding groove 331 is a strip structure and is set along the extension direction of the support leg 33. One end of the connecting rod 34 is hinged on the limiting ring 31. The other end of the connecting rod 34 passes through the sliding groove 331 and is hinged to the end of the support leg 22 located in the support leg 33. The length of the sliding groove 331 corresponds to the telescopic amount of the support leg 22. The width of the sliding groove 331 is greater than the diameter of the connecting rod 34, with a 2mm sliding gap reserved so that the connecting rod 34 can move within the sliding groove 331. The inner side of the support leg 33 is also provided with a protruding guide bar 332, the extension direction of the guide bar 332 is consistent with the extension direction of the support leg 33; the end of the support leg 22 located inside the support leg 33 is provided with a corresponding guide groove 222, the size of the guide groove 222 is corresponding to the size of the guide bar 332, which is suitable for the guide bar 332 to slide in the guide groove 222, so as to ensure that the support leg 22 can extend and retract smoothly along the support leg 33. When the size of the membrane assembly 2 needs to be adjusted, the construction personnel manually rotate the limiting ring 31 to make it rotate around the central column 1. The connecting rod 34 rotates synchronously with the limiting ring 31. Under the constraint of the sliding groove 331, the circular motion is forcibly converted into radial displacement along the axis of the outrigger 22. Under the unified drive of the connecting rod 34, the telescopic sections of all outriggers 22 extend or retract synchronously and equally, adjusting the cross-sectional radius to the design value in one go. After adjustment, bolts are installed on the sliding sleeve 32. The bolts pass through the sliding sleeve 32 and tighten against the limiting ring 31, thereby fixing several outriggers 22 and the limiting ring 31 together to ensure support rigidity and positioning accuracy. The bottom end of the sliding sleeve 32 is fixedly installed with the top end of the diagonal brace 23 by bolts. The bolts pass upward through the top end of the diagonal brace 23 and the bottom end of the sliding sleeve 32 and abut against the bottom end of the limiting ring 31, fixing the diagonal brace 23, the sliding sleeve 32 and the limiting ring 31 together. Preferably, the connecting rod 34 is made of φ20mm round steel.

[0053] like Figure 7As shown, several locking sleeves 5 are fixedly installed at intervals on the positioning ring 21. After the locking sleeves 5 are moved to their predetermined positions, bolts are fixedly installed on the locking sleeves 5. The bolts pass through the locking sleeves 5 and are tightened against the positioning ring 21, which is suitable for fixing the locking sleeves 5 to the positioning ring 21. The inner diameter of the locking sleeve 5 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positioning ring 21, leaving a 2-3mm clearance for movement. The locking sleeve 5 can move flexibly along the entire circumference of the positioning ring 21 to adapt to the arrangement requirements of the outer columns 4 at different positions. A pair of plate-like structures are fixedly installed at intervals on the locking sleeves 5. The pair of plate-like structures are located at both ends of the locking sleeve 5, so that the pair of plate-like structures form a U-shaped locking groove 51. The depth of the locking groove 51 is ≥150mm. The locking groove 51 is suitable for installing the outer columns 4, and the width of the locking groove 51 is larger than the size of the outer columns 4. A pad 52 is fixedly installed inside the slot 51, with its two ends fixedly mounted on a pair of plate-like structures. The pad 52 has an arc-shaped structure and is made of rubber to prevent wear on the surface of the outer column 4 and increase the friction of contact. A fall arrestor belt 53 is also fixedly installed inside the slot 51, with its two ends fixedly mounted on a pair of plate-like structures in the slot 51, and located outside the pad 52. The fall arrestor belt 53 is made of high-strength nylon. The outer column 4 is located inside the slot 51 and rests against the pad 52. The fall arrestor belt 53 is tightly fastened to the outside of the outer column 4. The two work together to quickly lock and secure the outer column 4, forming a double protection of "deep slot limiting + flexible fall arrestor," completely preventing the outer column 4 from accidentally slipping outwards at high altitudes and improving construction safety. After a single segment is completed, the outer column 4 can be removed by loosening the locking buckle of the fall arrestor belt 53. The position of the slot 51 can be adjusted by loosening the bolts of the clamp sleeve 5. Alternatively, the entire layer positioning ring 21 can be hoisted to the previous construction segment. The assembly and disassembly are convenient and do not affect the main structure of the membrane, making it suitable for layered variable cross-section construction. Furthermore, the dimensions of the pad 52 and the fall arrestor belt 53 can be replaced according to the dimensions of the outer column 4.

[0054] The construction method of this invention is as follows:

[0055] 1. Component Selection and Ground Assembly: Based on the structural specifications of the observation tower, components such as the membrane assembly 2 and the limiting assembly 3 of corresponding specifications are selected from the standardized component library. No specific customization or prefabrication is required, demonstrating the versatility and reusability of this invention. On the construction site ground, the outriggers 22 and diagonal braces 23 are pre-connected with bolts, and the positioning ring 21 is assembled to form the main frame of the membrane assembly 2. Based on the dimensions of the outer column 4, the corresponding padding 52 is installed in the slot 51, completing the prefabrication and assembly of the limiting assembly 3.

[0056] 2. Installation and Benchmark Calibration of Membrane Component 2: A crane is used to hoist the main body of Membrane Component 2 to the elevation position of the first construction segment, ensuring that the fixing plates 221 of the outriggers 22 and diagonal braces 23 are respectively attached to the corresponding heights of the central column 1. First, fix the outriggers 22: fasten the upper clamp 24 and tighten the M20 ordinary bolts, then fasten and tighten the lower clamp 24. After checking and confirming the tightness, the outriggers 22 are fixed. Next, fix the diagonal braces 23: adjust the extension length of the diagonal braces 23 according to the required radius of the structure, determine the distance between the fixing plates 221 of the outriggers 22 and diagonal braces 23, ensuring that the fixing plates 221 of the diagonal braces 23 are attached to the lower part of the central column 1. Fasten and tighten the bolts of the upper and lower clamps 24 respectively. Finally, connect and fix the top of the diagonal braces 23 to the sliding sleeve 32. Use a level to check the levelness of the Membrane Component 2, ensuring that the levelness error is ≤2mm / m. After correction, tighten the clamps 24 again to form a stable benchmark.

[0057] 3. Based on the design cross-sectional radius of the first construction segment, extend the support leg 22 to the corresponding length. Using the scale markings on the surface of the support leg 22, move all support legs 22 synchronously to the same length position using the limit ring 31, and tighten the side bolts of the sliding sleeve 32 to complete the fixation. Install the positioning ring 21 to achieve overall connection and stability of each group of support legs 22. Then, based on the arrangement position of the outer column 4, move the clamping sleeve 5 to the target position, tighten the bolts to lock the clamping sleeve 5, and complete the positioning structure adaptation.

[0058] 4. Radial Adaptive Section Synchronous Rapid Drive Adjustment: Based on the design section radius of the reconstructed segment, manually rotate the limiting ring 31. Through the cooperation of the connecting rod 34 and the slide groove 331, drive all the outriggers 22 to extend and retract synchronously to the target length. After confirming that the extension and retraction lengths of all the outriggers 22 are consistent by comparing with the scale markings on the surface of the outriggers 22, tighten the locking bolts at the extension parts of the outriggers 22 to complete the synchronous positioning.

[0059] 5. Positioning and Stabilizing the Outer Columns 4: Using a crane, each outer column 4 is hoisted into its corresponding slot 51. The padding 52 is then fitted against the surface of the outer column 4 for initial positioning. A total station is used to verify the radial position and vertical elevation of the outer columns 4. After confirming an error ≤3mm, the fall arrestor straps 53 on both sides of the slot 51 are tightened and locked, securing the outer columns 4 to the positioning ring 21 to prevent swaying at height. The positioning of all outer columns 4 in this segment is completed sequentially. The transverse web members of the observation deck are then installed and initially fixed using spot welding. After verifying the dimensional accuracy of the truss unit of the observation deck, full welding is performed. During welding, the position of the outer columns 4 is monitored in real time to prevent positioning deviation caused by welding stress.

[0060] 6. If the outer column 4 needs to be assembled in sections, first complete the section connection, correction and temporary fixation, and then carry out the overall positioning and welding. Layered variable cross-section cyclic construction: After the first section of the truss is welded and accepted (the weld strength and dimensional accuracy meet the design requirements), loosen the connecting bolts of the fall arrestor belt 53 and the sliding sleeve 32, and hoist the membrane assembly 2 of this layer to the elevation position of the next construction section; according to the cross-sectional radius of this section, adjust the extension length of the support leg 22 and the position of the sliding sleeve 32, re-fix the limit ring 31 and the clamp sleeve 5, and replace the corresponding gasket 52 according to the pipe diameter of the outer column 4 (if there is a change), repeat step 4 to complete the positioning of the outer column 4 of this section, the installation and welding of the web members of the observation platform, and the entire process does not require disassembling the membrane assembly 2.

[0061] 7. Removal and Reuse of Membrane Component 2: After the main steel structure of the observation deck is capped, and the internal structures such as the viewing platform and stairs are installed and a permanent stable system is formed, the membrane component 2 is dismantled. From top to bottom, the fall arrestor belt 53, positioning ring 21, and support legs 22 are removed sequentially. The clamps 24 are loosened, and the main body of the membrane component 2 is lifted to the ground using a crane. The modular components are disassembled, and surface debris and welding slag are cleaned. For the next observation deck with a different cross-section, only the extension length of the diagonal brace 23, the extension length of the support legs 22, and the corresponding padding 52 need to be adjusted. If necessary, the number of support legs 22 and slots 51 can be increased or decreased for quick adaptation, achieving 100% reuse.

[0062] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower, the observation tower comprising a vertically arranged central column (1), and a plurality of outer columns (4) surrounding the periphery of the central column (1), characterized in that, Also includes: Several membrane assemblies (2) are horizontally arranged ring structures, and are coaxially fixedly installed on the central column (1) at intervals, which is suitable for fixing the steel structure of the watchtower; Several limiting components (3) are horizontally arranged ring structures, and are coaxially rotated and installed on the corresponding membrane components (2); The membrane assembly (2) includes a plurality of legs (22), which are radially arranged along the central column (1), and the limiting assembly (3) is mounted on the plurality of legs (22); The legs (22) are telescopic structures. The length of the legs (22) can be adjusted synchronously by rotating the limiting component (3), thereby adjusting the diameter of the membrane assembly (2). The membrane assembly (2) also includes a positioning ring (21), several diagonal braces (23), the outer ends of several legs (22) are fixedly installed on the positioning ring (21), and the inner ends of several legs (22) are fixedly installed on the central column (1); Several of the aforementioned diagonal braces (23) are correspondingly and fixedly installed between several of the aforementioned legs (22) and the central column (1); The limiting component (3) includes a limiting ring (31), a plurality of sliding sleeves (32) and a plurality of support legs (33). The limiting ring (31) is located inside the positioning ring (21). A plurality of sliding sleeves (32) are fitted on the limiting ring (31) at intervals. The sliding sleeves (32) are fixedly installed on the support legs (22), and the support legs (33) are fixedly installed on the sliding sleeves (32).

2. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ends of the diagonal brace (23) and the support leg (22) are both provided with fixing plates (221), and the fixing plates (221) are vertically arranged; Two pairs of clamps (24) are fitted on the central column (1). Each pair of clamps (24) is located at the upper and lower ends of the fixing plate (221), which is suitable for fixing the fixing plate (221) tightly to the central column (1).

3. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outrigger (22) includes a fixed section and a telescopic section. The fixed section is fixed between the central column (1) and the sliding sleeve (32). One end of the telescopic section is inserted into the outrigger seat (33), and the other end of the telescopic section is fixedly installed on the positioning ring (21).

4. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the connecting rod (34) is hinged on the telescopic section, and the other end of the connecting rod (34) is hinged on the limiting ring (31); The side of the support leg (33) is provided with a groove (331), and the connecting rod (34) passes through the groove (331).

5. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the support leg (33) is provided with a protruding guide strip (332), and the side surface of the support leg (22) is provided with a corresponding guide groove (222).

6. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The diagonal brace (23) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the sliding sleeve (32).

7. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Several clamping sleeves (5) are fixedly installed at intervals on the positioning ring (21), and a clamping groove (51) is fixedly installed on the clamping sleeve (5), and the outer column (4) is fixedly installed in the clamping groove (51).

8. The membrane structure for a variable cross-section observation tower according to claim 7, characterized in that, A pad (52) is fixedly installed inside the slot (51), and a fall protection belt (53) is also installed on the slot (51). The inner side of the outer column (4) abuts against the pad (52), and the fall arrestor belt (53) is tightly fastened to the outer side of the outer column (4).

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