Parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of insulation monitoring of high-voltage power distribution equipment, and particularly discloses a parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator. According to the invention, the power supply unit, the main control unit, the signal generation and output unit, the man-machine interaction and state display unit and the storage unit are integrated on the PCB in the packaging shell, so that the parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator is constructed; the technical problems that in a traditional on-site detection mode, hot-line work safety risks are prominent, real fault scenes are difficult to reproduce, and high-frequency operation and maintenance cost is high are solved, controllable generation and flexible output of partial discharge signals are achieved, and the performance verification efficiency and engineering applicability of partial discharge detection equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insulation monitoring technology for high-voltage power distribution equipment, and in particular to an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters. Background Technology

[0002] As the core of power transmission and distribution systems, the stable operation of high-voltage power distribution equipment is directly related to the reliability of the power grid and the safety of electricity use. During long-term service, the insulation structure of the equipment must continuously withstand the coupled effects of multiple factors such as electrical stress, thermal stress, environmental humidity, and dirt deposition, which can easily induce local defects such as air gaps, cracks, and moisture absorption, leading to partial discharge. Partial discharge is essentially a process of releasing tiny charges caused by excessive electric field strength in a local area of ​​the insulating medium. Although the energy released in a single instance is limited, long-term continuous discharge will accelerate the deterioration process of the insulation material, which may eventually evolve into major faults such as equipment breakdown and short circuits, causing significant economic losses and safety risks. Therefore, partial discharge detection technology has become a key means of monitoring the insulation condition and providing early warning of faults in high-voltage equipment, playing an irreplaceable role in the entire life cycle management of equipment.

[0003] However, traditional on-site testing methods face multiple limitations: personnel safety risks are prominent in live-line working environments; complex electromagnetic interference and weather conditions severely affect testing accuracy; real-world fault scenarios are difficult to reproduce, making it impossible to specifically verify the performance of testing equipment; and high-frequency on-site maintenance results in high costs. These drawbacks severely restrict the research and development efficiency and engineering application effectiveness of partial discharge detection technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters. The integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters includes: a package shell and a PCB board disposed inside the package shell. The PCB board integrates a power supply unit, a main control unit, a signal generation and output unit, a human-machine interaction and status display unit, and a storage unit. The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage for the main control unit, signal generation and output unit, human-machine interaction and status display unit and storage unit; The main control unit is used to: generate a sinusoidal reference signal and generate a partial discharge pulse control signal according to the discharge parameters set by the human-machine interaction and status display unit; The signal generation and output unit is used to: process the sinusoidal reference signal to generate a power frequency reference signal, generate a partial discharge pulse signal with adjustable discharge parameters according to the partial discharge pulse control signal, and output a simulated partial discharge signal after combining the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal. The human-computer interaction and status display unit is used to: set and display the discharge parameters; The storage unit is used to: store the discharge parameters; The discharge parameters include: discharge quantity, discharge phase, and number of discharges.

[0005] The beneficial effects of the parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator of the present invention are as follows: This invention integrates a power supply unit, a main control unit, a signal generation and output unit, a human-machine interaction and status display unit, and a storage unit on the PCB board inside the packaged shell to construct an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters. This solves the technical problems of prominent safety risks of live-line work, difficulty in reproducing real fault scenarios, and high cost of frequent maintenance in traditional field testing modes. It enables controllable generation and flexible output of partial discharge signals, improving the performance verification efficiency and engineering applicability of partial discharge detection equipment.

[0006] Based on the above scheme, the parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator of the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0007] In one alternative approach, the main control unit is specifically used for: Receive the discharge parameters set by the human-computer interaction and status display unit; Generate the sinusoidal reference signal with a fixed frequency; The pulse triggering time is determined according to the discharge phase in the discharge parameters, the pulse amplitude is determined according to the discharge quantity in the discharge parameters, and the pulse sequence is determined according to the number of discharges in the discharge parameters; The partial discharge pulse control signal is generated based on the pulse triggering time, the pulse amplitude, and the pulse sequence.

[0008] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional method are: by further controlling the generation logic of discharge parameters, the precise control of the triggering time, amplitude and sequence of partial discharge pulses can be achieved, thereby improving the accuracy and controllability of the analog signal and meeting the discharge characteristics requirements of different test scenarios.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The sinusoidal reference signal is low-pass filtered to remove high-frequency noise, resulting in a filtered signal. The filtered signal is linearly amplified to increase its amplitude, thereby obtaining the power frequency reference signal.

[0010] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional method are as follows: by further filtering and amplifying the sinusoidal reference signal, a high-quality power frequency reference signal is generated, high-frequency noise interference is reduced, a stable reference basis is provided for subsequent signal synthesis, and the signal-to-noise ratio and waveform quality of the simulated partial discharge signal are improved.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The partial discharge pulse control signal is converted into a differential current signal by a digital-to-analog converter; The differential current signal is converted into an analog voltage signal using a differential amplifier; The amplitude of the analog voltage signal is adjusted by an adjustable feedback network to generate the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the discharge quantity.

[0012] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional methods are: by further combining analog-to-digital conversion with differential amplification and adjustable feedback network design, the precise mapping and adjustment of discharge quantity and pulse amplitude can be achieved, the dynamic range of analog signals can be expanded, and the simulation capability and accuracy for different discharge intensity scenarios can be improved.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal are linearly superimposed to generate a simulated partial discharge signal; The simulated partial discharge signal is distributed to multiple independent signal output channels for output.

[0014] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional method are: by further superimposing the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal and distributing the output through multiple channels, the standardized generation and flexible distribution of analog signals can be realized, supporting the requirements of multi-channel synchronous testing and improving the parallel verification capability and testing efficiency of the testing equipment.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the power supply unit includes a power conversion module comprising: a first linear regulator (LDO) outputting 3.3V, a second linear regulator (LDO) outputting 5V, and a charge pump DC / DC converter; the charge pump DC / DC converter is connected to the output of the second linear regulator (LDO) and is used to convert the 5V voltage to a -5V voltage.

[0016] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional approach are as follows: by further designing a power supply architecture with multi-stage linear regulation and charge pump conversion, it can provide positive and negative bipolar power supply and multi-voltage level output, meet the power supply requirements of different functional circuits, improve the stability and compatibility of the system power supply, and reduce the interference of power supply noise on signals.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, the power supply unit further includes a DC power input port, which is a reverse-connection protected DC female connector that supports a wide voltage input from 5V to 20V.

[0018] The advantages of adopting the above optional methods are: further enhancing the safety and adaptability of the power interface through the reverse connection-protected DC female connector and wide voltage input design, preventing equipment damage caused by misoperation, supporting multiple power supply methods, and improving the power supply flexibility and reliability of the simulator in different operating environments.

[0019] In one alternative embodiment, the enclosure has a power input port and multiple button holes on one side, a screen display hole on the top, and a signal output port and a USB connection port on the other side.

[0020] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned optional methods are as follows: by further opening power input holes, button holes, screen display holes, signal output holes and USB connection holes in specific positions on the shell, the rational layout and convenient operation of each functional component can be achieved, the human-computer interaction experience can be optimized, and the compactness of the device structure and the ease of use of the interface can be improved.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the human-computer interaction and status display unit includes: an OLED display screen and three parameter setting buttons; the three parameter setting buttons correspond to the adjustment of discharge count, discharge phase, and discharge quantity, respectively.

[0022] The advantages of adopting the above optional method are: by further combining the OLED display screen with three independent parameter setting buttons, the discharge quantity, discharge phase and discharge count can be displayed intuitively and adjusted quickly, simplifying the operation process, improving the convenience and real-time performance of parameter settings, and enhancing the user experience.

[0023] In one alternative embodiment, the multi-channel signal output interface includes three SMA female connectors, corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal outputs, respectively.

[0024] The advantages of adopting the above optional method are: by using three SMA female connectors to output signals for phases A, B, and C respectively, independent output and synchronous simulation of three-phase partial discharge signals can be achieved, meeting the testing requirements of three-phase power equipment and improving the applicability and testing comprehensiveness of the simulator in the field of high-voltage power distribution.

[0025] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a left-side axial view of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a right-side axial view of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the structure of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply unit of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main control unit of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the signal generation and output unit of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the human-computer interaction and status display unit of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the storage unit of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters provided by the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters includes: a package shell and a PCB board disposed inside the package shell. The PCB board integrates a power supply unit, a main control unit, a signal generation and output unit, a human-machine interaction and status display unit, and a storage unit.

[0029] The enclosure refers to the mechanical structure housing used to house and protect the electronic components and circuits inside the simulator; for example, a rectangular box made of aluminum alloy, with a PCB board fixed inside by bolts, and several interface holes on the side of the box. The PCB board refers to the insulating substrate on which electronic components are mounted and provided with electrical interconnections; for example, a rectangular board made of fiberglass, on which microcontrollers, resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits, and connectors are soldered, forming a complete partial discharge simulation circuit.

[0030] The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage for the main control unit, signal generation and output unit, human-machine interaction and status display unit, and storage unit.

[0031] Operating voltage refers to the stable DC voltage value required for the normal operation of electronic circuits or components; for example, microcontrollers require 3.3 V DC voltage, and operational amplifiers require +5 V and -5 V DC voltage.

[0032] The main control unit is used to: generate a sinusoidal reference signal and generate a partial discharge pulse control signal according to the discharge parameters set by the human-machine interaction and status display unit.

[0033] The sinusoidal reference signal refers to a standard sinusoidal electrical signal with a fixed frequency generated by the main control unit, used as a reference for phase synchronization; for example, a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 50 Hz and a peak-to-peak voltage of 1 V. Discharge parameters refer to a set of numerical variables set by the user to define the characteristics of the simulated partial discharge signal; for example, a set of set values ​​including a discharge quantity of 40 pC, a discharge phase of 90°, and 5 discharge cycles. The partial discharge pulse control signal refers to a digital signal generated by the main control unit based on the discharge parameters, used to precisely control the pulse waveform characteristics; for example, a sequence of digital pulses containing encoded information of a specific time and amplitude.

[0034] The signal generation and output unit is used to: process the sinusoidal reference signal to generate a power frequency reference signal, generate a partial discharge pulse signal with adjustable discharge parameters according to the partial discharge pulse control signal, and output a simulated partial discharge signal after combining the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal.

[0035] The power frequency reference signal refers to a stable and pure power frequency AC signal obtained after conditioning, used to simulate the power frequency voltage of high-voltage equipment; for example, a sine wave signal with a frequency of 50 Hz, a voltage amplitude of 5 V, and a pure waveform. The partial discharge pulse signal refers to a transient voltage pulse characterizing a partial discharge event, generated according to a partial discharge pulse control signal; for example, a single voltage pulse with a pulse width in the microsecond range, an amplitude of 2 V, and triggered at a specific power frequency phase. The simulated partial discharge signal refers to the final output composite electrical signal that simulates the real partial discharge phenomenon; for example, the waveform obtained by superimposing a 5 V 50 Hz sine wave signal and a 2 V transient pulse signal in the time domain.

[0036] The human-computer interaction and status display unit is used to: set and display the discharge parameters.

[0037] The human-computer interaction and status display unit refers to a hardware component used to receive user operation commands and provide feedback on device information; for example, a combination component including an OLED display screen and three physical buttons.

[0038] The storage unit is used to store the discharge parameters, wherein the discharge parameters include discharge quantity, discharge phase, and discharge count.

[0039] In this context, "memory cell" refers to a semiconductor device used for non-volatile data storage; for example, an EEPROM chip using an I2C bus interface. "Discharge quantity" refers to the amount of charge released in a simulated single partial discharge, expressed in pC; for example, it can be set to different levels such as 10 pC, 40 pC, and 100 pC to characterize different discharge intensities. "Discharge phase" refers to the relative position of the partial discharge pulse within the power frequency voltage cycle, expressed in angles; for example, it can be set in 15° intervals within the range of 0° to 165°, such as 0°, 90°, and 165°. "Discharge count" refers to the number of simulated discharge pulses within a set time or power frequency cycle; for example, it can be set to generate 1, 2, 5, or 10 discharge pulses every 10 power frequency cycles.

[0040] The technical solution of this embodiment integrates a power supply unit, a main control unit, a signal generation and output unit, a human-machine interaction and status display unit, and a storage unit on the PCB board inside the package shell to construct an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters. This solves the technical problems of prominent safety risks of live-line work, difficulty in reproducing real fault scenarios, and high cost of high-frequency operation and maintenance in the traditional field detection mode. It realizes the controllable generation and flexible output of partial discharge signals, and improves the performance verification efficiency and engineering applicability of partial discharge detection equipment.

[0041] In one alternative approach, the main control unit is specifically used for: The system receives the discharge parameters set by the human-computer interaction and status display unit.

[0042] Generate the sinusoidal reference signal with a fixed frequency.

[0043] Fixed frequency refers to the periodic frequency of a constant alternating signal; for example, the frequency of a sinusoidal reference signal is fixed at 50 Hz and does not change with user parameter settings.

[0044] The pulse trigger time is determined based on the discharge phase in the discharge parameters, the pulse amplitude is determined based on the discharge quantity in the discharge parameters, and the pulse sequence is determined based on the number of discharges in the discharge parameters.

[0045] The pulse trigger time refers to the starting point of the partial discharge pulse waveform on the time axis; for example, when the discharge phase is set to 90°, it corresponds to 5 ms after the start of the 50 Hz sine wave period. The pulse amplitude refers to the peak value of the partial discharge pulse signal voltage; for example, when the discharge quantity parameter is 40 pC, the generated pulse voltage amplitude is approximately 2V. The pulse sequence refers to a combination of multiple pulses arranged at specific time intervals; for example, when the number of discharges is set to 5, a pulse group containing 5 pulses of equal amplitude is generated.

[0046] The partial discharge pulse control signal is generated based on the pulse triggering time, the pulse amplitude, and the pulse sequence.

[0047] Among the above-mentioned optional methods, the generation logic of discharge parameters can be further precisely controlled to achieve precise regulation of the triggering time, amplitude and sequence of partial discharge pulses, thereby improving the accuracy and controllability of the analog signal and meeting the discharge characteristics requirements of different test scenarios.

[0048] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The sinusoidal reference signal is subjected to low-pass filtering to remove high-frequency noise, resulting in a filtered signal.

[0049] Low-pass filtering refers to an electrical signal processing procedure that allows low-frequency signals to pass while suppressing high-frequency signals; for example, using a passive network of resistors and capacitors to filter out components with frequencies higher than 1 kHz in a signal. High-frequency noise refers to random interference components superimposed on the useful signal, with frequencies much higher than the useful signal frequency; for example, switching noise of several MHz generated by digital circuits. A filtered signal refers to a signal whose specific high-frequency components are attenuated after processing by a filtering circuit; for example, a 50 Hz sine wave signal passing through a low-pass filter has its high-frequency glitches removed, resulting in a smoother waveform.

[0050] The filtered signal is linearly amplified to increase its amplitude, thereby obtaining the power frequency reference signal.

[0051] Linear amplification refers to the process of increasing the amplitude of a signal voltage by a fixed ratio using an amplifier circuit; for example, using an operational amplifier to amplify a 1V signal by 5 times to obtain a 5V signal.

[0052] In the above-mentioned optional methods, a high-quality power frequency reference signal is generated by further filtering and amplifying the sinusoidal reference signal, reducing high-frequency noise interference, providing a stable reference basis for subsequent signal synthesis, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio and waveform quality of the simulated partial discharge signal.

[0053] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The partial discharge pulse control signal is converted into a differential current signal using a digital-to-analog converter.

[0054] A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is an integrated circuit that converts digital signals into analog signals; for example, a 14-bit resolution, high-speed current output DAC chip. A differential current signal is a pair of current signals with equal amplitude but opposite flow directions; for example, an output current pair with one current of +2 mA and the other of -2 mA.

[0055] The differential current signal is converted into an analog voltage signal by a differential amplifier.

[0056] A differential amplifier is an amplifier circuit that amplifies differential input signals and converts them into single-ended output signals; for example, an integrated operational amplifier that converts differential current signals into single-ended voltage signals. An analog voltage signal is an electrical signal whose voltage value changes continuously; for example, a pulse voltage waveform whose amplitude changes continuously over time.

[0057] The amplitude of the analog voltage signal is adjusted by an adjustable feedback network to generate the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the discharge quantity.

[0058] An adjustable feedback network refers to a network in the amplifier's peripheral circuitry that allows the amplification factor to be adjusted by changing component parameters; for example, a network consisting of fixed resistors and adjustable resistors connected between the amplifier's output and inverting input.

[0059] In the above-mentioned optional methods, by further combining analog-to-digital conversion with differential amplification and adjustable feedback network design, the precise mapping and adjustment of discharge quantity and pulse amplitude can be achieved, the dynamic range of analog signals can be expanded, and the simulation capability and accuracy for different discharge intensity scenarios can be improved.

[0060] In one alternative embodiment, the signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal are linearly superimposed to generate a simulated partial discharge signal.

[0061] Linear superposition refers to the algebraic addition of two or more signals; for example, in an adder circuit, the instantaneous values ​​of a sinusoidal voltage and a pulse voltage are added together.

[0062] The simulated partial discharge signal is distributed to multiple independent signal output channels for output.

[0063] Among them, multiple independent signal output channels refer to a combination of physical interfaces that can output multiple signals simultaneously; for example, three coaxial connectors installed side by side can output three signals at the same time.

[0064] In the above-mentioned optional methods, the standardized generation and flexible allocation of analog signals can be achieved by linearly superimposing the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal and distributing the output through multiple channels. This supports the requirements of multi-channel synchronous testing and improves the parallel verification capability and testing efficiency of the testing equipment.

[0065] In one alternative embodiment, the power supply unit includes a power conversion module comprising: a first linear regulator (LDO) outputting 3.3V, a second linear regulator (LDO) outputting 5V, and a charge pump DC / DC converter; the charge pump DC / DC converter is connected to the output of the second linear regulator (LDO) and is used to convert the 5V voltage to a -5V voltage.

[0066] In this context, the first linear regulator (LDO) refers to the first-stage low-dropout linear regulator in a power conversion circuit, used to output a first stable low-voltage DC voltage; for example, a linear regulator integrated circuit that outputs a 3.3V DC voltage. The second linear regulator (LDO) refers to the second-stage low-dropout linear regulator in a power conversion circuit, used to output a second stable low-voltage DC voltage; for example, a linear regulator integrated circuit that outputs a 5.0V DC voltage. A charge pump DC / DC converter refers to a switching power converter that uses capacitor energy storage to achieve voltage polarity reversal; for example, a charge pump chip that converts a +5V input to a -5V output.

[0067] Among the above-mentioned optional methods, a power supply architecture design with multi-stage linear regulation and charge pump conversion is further adopted to provide positive and negative bipolar power supply and multi-voltage level output, so as to meet the power supply requirements of different functional circuits, improve the stability and compatibility of the system power supply, and reduce the interference of power supply noise on signals.

[0068] In an alternative embodiment, the power supply unit further includes a DC power input port, which is a reverse-connection protected DC female connector that supports a wide voltage input from 5V to 20V.

[0069] Here, "DC power input port" refers to the interface for connecting an external DC power source; for example, a DC power socket mounted on a housing with a center pin diameter of 2.0 mm. "Reverse polarity protected DC female socket" refers to a DC power socket with a function to prevent incorrect power polarity connection; for example, a DC power socket with an internal polarity identification structure. "Wide voltage" means that the device can normally accept a wide range of input voltages; for example, the DC power input port supports voltage input from 5 V to 20 V.

[0070] Among the above optional methods, the safety and adaptability of the power interface are further enhanced by the reverse connection-protected DC female connector and wide voltage input design, which prevents equipment damage caused by misoperation, supports multiple power supply methods, and improves the power supply flexibility and reliability of the simulator in different operating environments.

[0071] In one alternative embodiment, the enclosure has a power input port and multiple button holes on one side, a screen display hole on the top, and a signal output port and a USB connection port on the other side.

[0072] The following are some of the specifications: Power input hole: An opening on the package housing for a DC power input port; for example, a circular opening on the side of the housing through which a DC power socket protrudes. Multiple button holes: Openings on the package housing for multiple buttons; for example, three small circular openings side-by-side on the side of the housing through which the pressing parts of the three buttons protrude. Screen display hole: An opening on the package housing for viewing the display screen; for example, a rectangular opening on the upper surface of the housing covered by a transparent plate, through which the display screen is located. Signal output hole: An opening on the package housing for a signal output connector; for example, three circular openings on the side of the housing through which the interface parts of three coaxial connectors protrude. USB connection hole: An opening on the package housing for a USB communication interface; for example, a rectangular opening on the side of the housing through which a USB Type-B interface protrudes.

[0073] In the above-mentioned optional methods, by further opening power input holes, button holes, screen display holes, signal output holes and USB connection holes in specific positions on the shell, the rational layout and convenient operation of each functional component can be achieved, the human-computer interaction experience can be optimized, and the compactness of the device structure and the ease of use of the interface can be improved.

[0074] In one optional embodiment, the human-computer interaction and status display unit includes: an OLED display screen and three parameter setting buttons; the three parameter setting buttons correspond to the adjustment of discharge count, discharge phase, and discharge quantity, respectively.

[0075] OLED displays refer to active-matrix display devices that utilize organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology; for example, a 0.96-inch matrix display with a resolution of 128×64. The three parameter setting buttons refer to three independent physical push-button switches; for example, three side-by-side tactile switches used to adjust the discharge count, discharge phase, and discharge quantity parameters, respectively. Discharge count adjustment refers to the function of changing the discharge count parameter value via a dedicated button; for example, pressing the "Discharge Count Adjustment" button cycles through the set value between "1, 2, 5, 10". Discharge phase adjustment refers to the function of changing the discharge phase parameter value via a dedicated button; for example, pressing the "Discharge Phase Adjustment" button cycles through the set value within the range of "0° to 165°" in 15° increments. Discharge quantity adjustment refers to the function of changing the discharge quantity parameter value via a dedicated button; for example, pressing the "Discharge Quantity Adjustment" button cycles through multiple levels such as "10 pC, 20 pC…300 pC".

[0076] In the above-mentioned optional methods, the combination of an OLED display screen and three independent parameter setting buttons can be used to achieve intuitive display and quick adjustment of discharge quantity, discharge phase and discharge count, simplify the operation process, improve the convenience and real-time performance of parameter settings, and enhance the user experience.

[0077] In one alternative embodiment, the multi-channel signal output interface includes three SMA female connectors, corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal outputs, respectively.

[0078] Among them, the three SMA female connectors refer to three coaxial RF connectors with SMA interface standard and female interface form; for example, three coaxial connectors with metal shells and spring contact plates inside the interface, labeled as channel A, channel B, and channel C output.

[0079] In the above-mentioned optional methods, three SMA female connectors are used to correspond to the signal output of phase A, phase B and phase C respectively, so as to realize the independent output and synchronous simulation of three-phase partial discharge signals, meet the testing requirements of three-phase power equipment, and improve the applicability and testing comprehensiveness of the simulator in the field of high voltage power distribution.

[0080] In another embodiment of the invention, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, an integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters includes a housing and a PCB board 12 disposed inside the housing. The PCB board 12 is fixed by four corner through-holes 13 and by PCB board fixing bolts 10 passing through countersunk holes at the bottom of the housing. A through-hole for mounting a guide rail 11 is also provided at the bottom of the housing. A power input hole and three circular button holes are provided on the left side of the housing, corresponding to an exposed DC power input 1, a discharge count adjustment button 2, a discharge phase adjustment button 3, and a discharge quantity adjustment button 4, respectively. A screen display hole is provided at the top of the housing for an exposed OLED display screen 5 to display the parameters of the current analog signal. A USB connection hole and three signal output holes are provided on the right side of the housing, corresponding to an exposed USB interface 9, an A-phase signal output terminal 6, a B-phase signal output terminal 7, and a C-phase signal output terminal 8, respectively.

[0081] The PCB board 12 integrates a power supply unit 14, a main control unit 15, a signal generation and output unit 16, a human-machine interaction and status display unit 17, and a storage unit 18. The various units are arranged on the PCB board 12 according to the principles of signal flow and anti-interference.

[0082] The power supply unit 14 is located near the power input port on the left side of the package housing. For example... Figure 4 As shown, power supply unit 14 includes a DC power input port and a power conversion module. The DC power input port uses a 6.4mm × 2.0mm reverse-connection-protected DC female connector, soldered to the edge of PCB board 12, for connecting to an external DC power supply. The power conversion module includes a 3.3V output linear regulator, a 5V output linear regulator, and a charge pump DC / DC converter. The 3.3V output linear regulator powers the digital circuitry within the simulator. The 5V output linear regulator powers the charge pump and some circuitry. The charge pump DC / DC converter connects to the output of the 5V output linear regulator, converting the 5V voltage to -5V, thus forming a ±5V bipolar power supply system with the 5V voltage to power the analog circuitry in signal generation and output unit 16. Both the input and output terminals of the power conversion module are equipped with filter circuits composed of capacitors. All voltage output terminals are also connected in parallel with 0.1μF ceramic filter capacitors, and these capacitors are soldered close to the power pins of each power-consuming unit to achieve local decoupling and ensure power purity.

[0083] The core component of the main control unit 15 is a microcontroller. For example... Figure 5As shown, the connection relationship between the microcontroller and each unit is as follows: Multiple general-purpose input / output pins of the microcontroller are configured in external interrupt mode and connected to the three function buttons of the human-machine interaction and status display unit 17 via pull-up resistors for receiving parameter adjustment commands. Several other pins are configured as serial peripheral interface communication interfaces, connected to the corresponding pins of the OLED display screen 5 for display control. Two pins are connected to the EEPROM chip of the storage unit 18 via software-simulated I2C communication timing and series pull-up resistors. One pin is configured as the output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter channel, connected to the sine signal conditioning module of the signal generation and output unit 16 for outputting a sine reference signal. The microcontroller's internal timer is used to control the generation timing of sine and pulse signals. Two pins are configured as universal asynchronous transceiver communication interfaces, connected to the corresponding pins of the TTL-to-USB module for serial communication with the host computer. The microcontroller's power supply pins are connected to a 3.3V power network, and a 0.1μF ceramic capacitor is soldered near the power supply pins to ensure stable power supply.

[0084] like Figure 6 As shown, the signal generation and output unit 16 includes a sinusoidal signal conditioning module, a partial discharge pulse signal generation and conditioning module, and a signal output interface.

[0085] The sinusoidal signal conditioning module consists of an RC filter circuit and an operational amplifier. The input of the RC filter circuit is connected to the output of the digital-to-analog converter channel of the microcontroller in the main control unit 15, and its output is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. By filtering and linearly amplifying the sinusoidal reference signal, a stable and pure 50Hz power frequency reference signal is output.

[0086] The core of the partial discharge pulse signal generation and conditioning module is a 14-bit digital-to-analog converter chip. This chip receives the partial discharge pulse control signal from the main control unit 15 and converts it into a differential current signal. The differential current signal is then converted into a single-ended analog voltage signal by a differential amplifier. The amplitude of this analog voltage signal is precisely adjusted through an external matching circuit and an adjustable feedback network, ultimately generating a partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the set discharge amount.

[0087] The power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal are linearly superimposed in the circuit to generate a simulated partial discharge signal. The signal output interface consists of three SMA female connectors, corresponding to phase A signal output terminal 6, phase B signal output terminal 7, and phase C signal output terminal 8, respectively, used to output the simulated partial discharge signal to external monitoring equipment.

[0088] like Figure 7 As shown, the human-computer interaction and status display unit 17 includes a human-computer interaction module and a status display module.

[0089] The human-machine interface module includes three touch buttons and a USB Type-B interface. The three buttons are: discharge count adjustment button 2, discharge phase adjustment button 3, and discharge quantity adjustment button 4. One end of each button is connected to a 3.3V power supply via a pull-up resistor, and the other end is connected to the general-purpose input / output pin of the main control unit 15. When a button is pressed, the input level on the general-purpose input / output pin changes from high to low, triggering an external interrupt. The main control unit 15 then modifies the corresponding discharge parameters accordingly. The USB Type-B interface is integrated with the TTL-to-USB module on PCB board 12 for connecting to a host computer for communication and debugging.

[0090] The status display module includes an LED power indicator and an OLED display screen 5. The LED power indicator lights up when the simulator is powered on normally, indicating the power status. The OLED display screen 5 is used to display the currently set discharge quantity, discharge count, and discharge phase parameters in real time.

[0091] like Figure 8 As shown, the core component of storage unit 18 is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) chip with an I2C interface, serving as a reserved functional module. The chip's power supply pin is connected to a 3.3V power supply, its ground pin is grounded, and its data and clock pins are connected to their corresponding pins in the main control unit 15 via pull-up resistors. The write protection pin is grounded to enable data writing. The hardware circuitry of storage unit 18 is complete, and it can be subsequently upgraded via software to store preset partial discharge parameter templates, user-defined parameter groups, or device operation logs.

[0092] It should be noted that after the device is started, the power supply unit 14 converts the externally input 12V DC voltage into stable 3.3V, 5V, and -5V voltages to power each unit. The main control unit 15 completes initialization, pre-calculates 50Hz sine wave data, displays the initial parameters on the OLED display 5, and the power indicator light illuminates. The user sets the required discharge quantity, discharge phase, and discharge count parameters via three function buttons or the host computer. After receiving these parameters, the main control unit 15 drives the internal timer and digital-to-analog converter to generate a 50Hz sine reference signal. Simultaneously, it calculates the pulse trigger time, amplitude, and sequence based on the discharge parameters, generating the corresponding partial discharge pulse control signal. The signal generation and output unit 16 filters and amplifies the sine reference signal to obtain the power frequency reference signal, and generates the partial discharge pulse signal by performing digital-to-analog conversion, differential amplification, and amplitude adjustment on the partial discharge pulse control signal. Finally, the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal are linearly superimposed to generate a composite simulated partial discharge signal, which is synchronously output through the SMA output terminals of the three phases A, B, and C, thereby accurately reproducing the partial discharge characteristics under different insulation defects for use in calibrating and testing external monitoring equipment.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure in this invention is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-disclosed concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this invention.

[0094] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and represent a limitation on a specific order or sequence. Where appropriate, the order of use for similar objects can be interchanged so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that shown or described.

[0095] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated partial discharge simulator with adjustable parameters, characterized in that, Includes: a packaging shell and a PCB board disposed inside the packaging shell, wherein the PCB board integrates a power supply unit, a main control unit, a signal generation and output unit, a human-machine interaction and status display unit, and a storage unit; The power supply unit is used to provide operating voltage for the main control unit, signal generation and output unit, human-machine interaction and status display unit and storage unit; The main control unit is used to: generate a sinusoidal reference signal and generate a partial discharge pulse control signal according to the discharge parameters set by the human-machine interaction and status display unit; The signal generation and output unit is used to: process the sinusoidal reference signal to generate a power frequency reference signal, generate a partial discharge pulse signal with adjustable discharge parameters according to the partial discharge pulse control signal, and output a simulated partial discharge signal after combining the power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal. The human-computer interaction and status display unit is used to: set and display the discharge parameters; The storage unit is used to: store the discharge parameters; The discharge parameters include: discharge quantity, discharge phase, and number of discharges.

2. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit is specifically used for: Receive the discharge parameters set by the human-computer interaction and status display unit; Generate the sinusoidal reference signal with a fixed frequency; The pulse triggering time is determined according to the discharge phase in the discharge parameters, the pulse amplitude is determined according to the discharge quantity in the discharge parameters, and the pulse sequence is determined according to the number of discharges in the discharge parameters; The partial discharge pulse control signal is generated based on the pulse triggering time, the pulse amplitude, and the pulse sequence.

3. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The sinusoidal reference signal is low-pass filtered to remove high-frequency noise, resulting in a filtered signal. The filtered signal is linearly amplified to increase its amplitude, thereby obtaining the power frequency reference signal.

4. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The partial discharge pulse control signal is converted into a differential current signal by a digital-to-analog converter; The differential current signal is converted into an analog voltage signal using a differential amplifier; The amplitude of the analog voltage signal is adjusted by an adjustable feedback network to generate the partial discharge pulse signal corresponding to the discharge quantity.

5. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The signal generation and output unit is specifically used for: The power frequency reference signal and the partial discharge pulse signal are linearly superimposed to generate a simulated partial discharge signal; The simulated partial discharge signal is distributed to multiple independent signal output channels for output.

6. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The power supply unit includes a power conversion module, which includes: a first linear regulator (LDO) outputting 3.3V, a second linear regulator (LDO) outputting 5V, and a charge pump DC / DC converter; the charge pump DC / DC converter is connected to the output of the second linear regulator (LDO) and is used to convert the 5V voltage to a -5V voltage.

7. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply unit also includes a DC power input port, which is a reverse-connection protected DC female connector that supports a wide voltage input from 5V to 20V.

8. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure has a power input hole and multiple button holes on one side, a screen display hole on the top, and a signal output hole and a USB connection hole on the other side.

9. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human-computer interaction and status display unit includes an OLED display screen and three parameter setting buttons; the three parameter setting buttons correspond to the adjustment of discharge count, discharge phase, and discharge quantity, respectively.

10. The parameter-adjustable integrated partial discharge simulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multi-channel signal output interface includes three SMA female connectors, corresponding to the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase signal outputs, respectively.

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