Multi-PCS cooperative control method and device, medium and energy storage system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of energy storage equipment, and provides a multi-PCS cooperative control method and device, a medium and an energy storage system.According to the method, an SOH value serves as a key weight factor, the SOH value, rated power and a current load rate jointly participate in dynamic calculation of distributed power, system power distribution is matched with the real bearing capacity of each unit, and the system performance is improved. And the overall operation efficiency and stability are obviously improved. By monitoring the operation state of the PCS in real time and equally distributing the load of the faulted or idle PCS to the other normal units when the PCS is abnormal or the battery does not need to be charged, the total output power of the system is ensured to be continuous and stable, and sudden power drop of the system caused by single-point failure is avoided, so that the problems of overload operation of the PCS caused by a PCS control mode in the related technology and the power drop of the system are solved. And the overall operation efficiency of the system is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage equipment technology, and in particular to multi-PCS collaborative control methods, devices, media and energy storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] Containerized energy storage microgrid systems are increasingly widely used in off-grid power supply and emergency backup scenarios due to their advantages of flexible deployment and convenient expansion. Multi-PCS collaborative control is the core of ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the system. However, current traditional multi-PCS control schemes for off-grid energy storage systems have significant limitations. They generally adopt simple parallel control or fixed power allocation strategies, failing to incorporate the State of Health (SOH) and real-time load rate of each energy storage unit into the collaborative scheduling logic. This results in a mismatch between load allocation and battery status and system operating requirements. This control mode not only causes some PCS to operate under overload and the overall system operating efficiency to be low, but also affects the output stability when a single PCS fails due to the lack of a rapid replacement mechanism. At the same time, the energy replenishment strategy cannot be adapted to batteries with different health states, which accelerates the aging of batteries with low health and wastes the fast charging potential of batteries with high health. This seriously restricts the comprehensive performance, operational reliability and battery life of off-grid energy storage microgrid systems.

[0003] In other words, the PCS control mode of related technologies can cause the PCS to operate under overload, resulting in low overall system operating efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a multi-PCS collaborative control method, device, medium, and energy storage system, which at least solves the problem that the PCS control mode of related technologies will cause PCS overload operation, resulting in low overall system operating efficiency.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this application, one aspect of this application provides a multi-PCS collaborative control method, including: obtaining the SOH value of the battery corresponding to each PCS; calculating the allocated power of each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate and the corresponding SOH value, and allocating power to each PCS; monitoring the operating status of each PCS, and evenly distributing the original power of the PCS that meets preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS, wherein the preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally, or the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

[0006] In some embodiments, the allocated power of each PCS is calculated based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, including:

[0007] according to Determine the allocated power for each of the PCS;

[0008] in, The allocated power for the i-th PCS. The total load power of the system is [value missing]. The rated power of the i-th PCS, Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the i-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the i-th PCS, and j be the unique identifier of each normally operating PCS. The rated power of the j-th PCS is Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the j-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the j-th PCS.

[0009] In some embodiments, the original power carried by the PCS is evenly distributed to the remaining normal PCS, including:

[0010] according to Determine the power increase required for each of the remaining normal PCS;

[0011] in, The additional power required for the kth normal PCS The original power carried by the faulty PCS. The number of the remaining normal PCS.

[0012] In some embodiments, after power allocation to each of the PCS, the method further includes: obtaining the actual output voltage of each PCS and the SOC of the corresponding battery; and, if the actual output voltages of the PCS are different and / or the SOC is greater than or equal to a SOC threshold, replenishing the power of a target PCS, wherein the target PCS is the PCS whose actual output voltage is different from that of the other PCS, or is the PCS corresponding to a battery whose SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold.

[0013] In some embodiments, obtaining the actual output voltage of each PCS includes:

[0014] according to ,

[0015] Determine the actual output voltage of each of the PCS, wherein, This is the actual output voltage. For reference voltage, This is the proportionality coefficient. The integral coefficient is... For reference current, This represents the actual output current.

[0016] In some embodiments, replenishing the energy of the target PCS includes:

[0017] according to Determine the supplementary power;

[0018] in, Let be the energy replenishment power at time t. For maximum power replenishment, is the time constant, and t is the energy replenishment time.

[0019] In some embodiments, after power allocation to each of the PCSs, the method further includes: if the battery fault level is determined to be a first fault level, generating a first alarm message to indicate that the battery fault level is the first fault level; if the battery fault level is determined to be a second fault level, disconnecting the faulty branch and distributing the original power of the PCS to the remaining normal PCSs; if the battery fault level is determined to be a third fault level, disconnecting the power supply to all devices and generating a second alarm message to indicate that the battery fault level is the second fault level, wherein the first fault level, the second fault level, and the third fault level represent a sequential increase in the degree of fault.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a multi-PCS collaborative control device, including: an acquisition unit for acquiring the SOH value of the battery corresponding to each PCS; a first processing unit for calculating the allocated power of each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate and the corresponding SOH value, and performing power allocation on each PCS; and a second processing unit for monitoring the operating status of each PCS and evenly distributing the original power of the PCS that meets preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS, wherein the preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally or the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform any of the methods described.

[0022] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides an energy storage system, including: an energy input and conversion module for connecting to external AC power grid, performing voltage conversion and electrical isolation through a transformer, and outputting adjustable DC power via a programmable DC source; a multi-PCS collaborative control device connected to the energy input and conversion module, the multi-PCS collaborative control device being used to receive the adjustable DC power and schedule multiple PCS to operate collaboratively and replenish energy; an energy storage and status sensing module connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device, the energy storage and status sensing module being used to store energy, collect battery status data, and perform current sampling through a distributed replenishment branch interface, the current sampling data of the distributed replenishment branch interface being simultaneously fed back to the multi-PCS collaborative control device; and a collaborative communication module connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device, the collaborative communication module being used to receive target parameters from the multi-PCS collaborative control device and distribute them to each PCS via a wired bus, the target parameters including at least one of the following: operating instructions, status updates, fault alarms, and strategy parameters.

[0023] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0024] Using the State of Health (SOH) value as a key weighting factor, it participates in the dynamic calculation of power allocation along with rated power and current load rate. This allows PCSs with low health to be automatically assigned lower power allocation weights, thus proactively avoiding their overload risk; while PCSs with high health can reasonably undertake higher loads, matching the system power allocation with the actual carrying capacity of each unit, significantly improving overall operating efficiency and stability. By monitoring the operating status of PCS in real time, and when anomalies occur or the battery does not need charging (such as full charging), the load of faulty or idle PCS is evenly distributed to other normal units, ensuring the continuous stability of the system's total output power and avoiding a sudden drop in system power due to single-point failure. This solves the problem that related technologies' PCS control modes can cause PCS overload operation, leading to low overall system operating efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a proposed multi-PCS collaborative control method;

[0027] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a multi-PCS collaborative control device provided in this application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an energy storage system provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0030] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of this application, the thickness and area of ​​the layers are enlarged for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) on or on the surface of another component, the component may be "directly" located on the surface of the other component, or there may be a third component between the two components. Conversely, when describing a component on the surface of another component, or when another component is formed or disposed on the surface of a component, it indicates that there is no third component between the two components. Furthermore, when describing a component as being "generally" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a portion of the edge of the entire surface.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. Furthermore, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located" on another component, it can be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may be present therein. Moreover, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located" on another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it indicates that no other components are located therein.

[0037] The terminology used in the description of the various embodiments described herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments and the appended claims, the term "foreword" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Components include layers, films, regions, or plates, etc.

[0038] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the embodiments of this application to facilitate a better understanding of the application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various variations and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0039] This application provides a multi-PCS cooperative control method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0040] Step S101: Obtain the SOH value of the battery corresponding to each PCS;

[0041] Step S102: Calculate the allocated power of each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, and allocate power to each PCS.

[0042] Step S103: Monitor the operating status of each PCS, and distribute the original power of the PCS that meets the preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS. The preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally, or the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

[0043] In the above steps, the State of Health (SOH) value is used as a key weighting factor, participating in the dynamic calculation of power allocation along with rated power and current load rate. This allows PCSs with low health to be automatically assigned lower power allocation weights, thus proactively avoiding their overload risk; while PCSs with high health can reasonably bear higher loads, matching the system power allocation with the actual carrying capacity of each unit, significantly improving overall operating efficiency and stability. By monitoring the operating status of PCS in real time, and when abnormalities occur or the battery does not need charging (such as full charging), the load of faulty or idle PCS is evenly distributed to other normal units, ensuring the continuous stability of the system's total output power and avoiding a sudden drop in system power due to single-point failure. This solves the problem that related technologies' PCS control modes can cause PCS overload operation, leading to low overall system operating efficiency.

[0044] In some embodiments, the allocated power of each of the aforementioned PCS is calculated based on the total system load power, the rated power of each of the aforementioned PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, including:

[0045] According to the formula of the balanced allocation algorithm Determine the allocated power for each of the aforementioned PCS;

[0046] in, The above-mentioned power allocation for the i-th PCS. This represents the total load power of the aforementioned system. The rated power of the i-th PCS is as described above. Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the i-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the i-th PCS, and j be the unique identifier of each normally operating PCS. The rated power of the j-th PCS mentioned above, Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the j-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the j-th PCS.

[0047] By comprehensively calculating the power allocation for each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, intelligent and differentiated load allocation among multiple energy storage units can be achieved, significantly improving the stability of system operation and the benefits throughout the battery's life cycle. This allows batteries with high SOH to bear a larger proportion of the load, fully utilizing their capacity and efficiency advantages; simultaneously, it reduces the charging and discharging stress of batteries with low SOH, slowing down their capacity decay and extending the overall lifespan of the energy storage system.

[0048] In some embodiments, the original power carried by the aforementioned PCS is evenly distributed to the remaining normal PCS, including:

[0049] According to the dynamic fill algorithm formula Determine the power increase required for each of the remaining normal PCS mentioned above;

[0050] in, The additional power required for the kth normal PCS When there is only one faulty PCS, this parameter represents the original power undertaken by the faulty PCS; when there are multiple faulty PCS, this parameter represents the sum of the original power undertaken by all faulty PCS. This refers to the number of the remaining normal PCS mentioned above.

[0051] This distribution method essentially achieves a uniform redistribution of load, avoiding the power surge caused by faults to concentrate on a few PCSs, thus effectively preventing normal PCSs from triggering protection or aging prematurely due to instantaneous overload. Through the equal distribution mechanism, the incremental load shared by each normal PCS is balanced, making the overall power output of the system more stable, significantly reducing voltage and current fluctuations, and improving the power quality and operational stability of the off-grid microgrid.

[0052] The parameter acquisition period of the balanced distribution algorithm is 100ms, and the load distribution deviation is controlled within ±2%; the load transfer response time of the dynamic compensation algorithm is ≤50ms, and the total output power fluctuation of the system does not exceed ±1%; the judgment conditions of the fault PCS include equipment communication interruption, abnormal output power, over-temperature alarm and corresponding battery full charge signal.

[0053] In some embodiments, after power allocation to each of the aforementioned PCS, the method further includes: obtaining the actual output voltage of each of the aforementioned PCS and the SOC of the corresponding battery; and, if the actual output voltages of the aforementioned PCS are different, and / or the SOC is greater than or equal to a SOC threshold, replenishing the power of a target PCS, wherein the target PCS is the PCS whose actual output voltage is different from that of the other PCS, or is the PCS corresponding to a battery whose SOC is greater than or equal to a SOC threshold.

[0054] SOC, State of Charge, refers to the state of battery charge.

[0055] When the actual output voltages of the aforementioned PCS are different, or when the aforementioned SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold, the target PCS is recharged; when the actual output voltages of the aforementioned PCS are different, and the aforementioned SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold, the target PCS is recharged.

[0056] The SOC threshold can be 90%-95%.

[0057] When an abnormal output voltage is detected in a PCS (inconsistent with other PCSs) or its battery SOC reaches or exceeds a set threshold, the system proactively triggers energy replenishment intervention for that PCS. This effectively avoids circulating current losses and power distribution deviations caused by voltage imbalance, while also preventing overcharging of high-SOC batteries and delaying battery aging. This enables the system to achieve intelligent scheduling not only during load distribution but also to dynamically correct deviations during operation, significantly improving system power quality, operational stability, and battery safety.

[0058] In some embodiments, obtaining the actual output voltage of each of the aforementioned PCS includes:

[0059] according to ,

[0060] Determine the actual output voltage of each of the above PCS, where, This is the actual output voltage. For reference voltage, This is the proportionality coefficient. The integral coefficient is... For reference current, This represents the actual output current.

[0061] The integral adjustment parameters of the programmable DC source are determined through on-site commissioning. The value ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. The value is set to 0.01-0.1 to ensure that the voltage ripple coefficient is ≤0.5%; it also has the function of switching between constant voltage, constant current and constant power modes, and can dynamically adjust the output parameters according to the instructions of the multi-PCS collaborative control device.

[0062] The reference voltage serves as the target setpoint, providing a clear control benchmark for the system. The proportional gain responds quickly to current voltage deviations, correcting the output in real time. The integral gain effectively eliminates steady-state errors, ensuring long-term stability at the setpoint under load fluctuations or parameter drift, thus improving the system's steady-state accuracy. Secondly, the introduction of feedback between the reference current and the actual output current enhances the system's dynamic response and disturbance rejection capabilities. Furthermore, this PI control structure offers excellent engineering adjustability. The proportional and integral gains can be tuned on-site according to system inertia and response speed requirements, ensuring rapid response while avoiding overshoot oscillations, achieving a balance between control performance and system safety. This makes it suitable for complex off-grid microgrid conditions with wide input ranges and variable loads.

[0063] In some embodiments, replenishing the energy of the target PCS includes:

[0064] according to Determine the supplementary power;

[0065] in, Let be the energy replenishment power at time t. For maximum power replenishment, is the time constant, and t is the energy replenishment time.

[0066] By linking maximum charging power, time constant, charging duration, and battery health (SOH), the charging power at time t can be determined, enabling intelligent and personalized adaptation of charging strategies, significantly improving system efficiency and battery life. Its core benefit lies in dynamically adjusting the charging rate based on the battery's actual health status, fully unleashing the fast-charging potential of healthy batteries. Batteries with high health can withstand higher power rapid charging, shortening charging time and improving system responsiveness; while batteries with low health are limited to low-power, slow charging, mitigating polarization effects and lithium plating risks, delaying capacity decay, thereby extending the overall lifecycle value of the energy storage system without increasing hardware costs.

[0067] In some embodiments, after power allocation to each of the aforementioned PCS, the method further includes: if the battery fault level is determined to be a first fault level, generating a first alarm message to indicate that the battery fault level is the first fault level; if the battery fault level is determined to be a second fault level, disconnecting the faulty branch and distributing the original power of the aforementioned PCS equally to the remaining normal PCS; if the battery fault level is determined to be a third fault level, disconnecting the power supply to all devices and generating a second alarm message to indicate that the battery fault level is the second fault level, wherein the first fault level, the second fault level, and the third fault level represent a sequential increase in the degree of fault.

[0068] First, the first fault level triggers only an alarm and triggers fine-tuning of parameters, avoiding system disturbances caused by over-response, ensuring stable operation under non-critical conditions, reducing malfunction rate, and improving maintenance efficiency. Second, the second fault level automatically disconnects the faulty branch and initiates dynamic compensation, achieving coordinated processing of fault isolation and seamless power transfer. This maintains load stability without interrupting system output, greatly enhancing power supply reliability and resilience in off-grid scenarios. Finally, the third fault level immediately cuts off power to the entire system and triggers a high-volume audible and visual alarm, effectively preventing catastrophic consequences such as thermal runaway and electrical fires.

[0069] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a multi-PCS collaborative control device, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the multi-PCS collaborative control device includes: an acquisition unit 21, used to acquire the SOH value of the battery corresponding to each PCS; a first processing unit 22, used to calculate the allocated power of each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate and the corresponding SOH value, and to allocate power to each PCS; and a second processing unit 23, used to monitor the operating status of each PCS and to evenly distribute the original power of the PCS that meets the preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS. The preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally or the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first processing unit includes:

[0071] The first processing module is used to... Determine the allocated power for each of the aforementioned PCS;

[0072] in, The above-mentioned power allocation for the i-th PCS. This represents the total load power of the aforementioned system. The rated power of the i-th PCS is as described above. Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the i-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the i-th PCS, and j be the unique identifier of each normally operating PCS. The rated power of the j-th PCS mentioned above, Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the j-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the j-th PCS.

[0073] In some embodiments, the second processing unit includes:

[0074] The second processing module is used to... Determine the power increase required for each of the remaining normal PCS mentioned above;

[0075] in, The additional power required for the kth normal PCS The original power carried by the faulty PCS. This refers to the number of the remaining normal PCS mentioned above.

[0076] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes: a third processing unit configured to obtain the actual output voltage of each of the PCS and the SOC of the corresponding battery after power allocation to each of the PCS; and a fourth processing unit configured to replenish the power of a target PCS when the actual output voltages of the PCS are different and / or the SOC is greater than or equal to a SOC threshold, wherein the target PCS is a PCS whose actual output voltage is different from the actual output voltage of other PCS, or is a PCS corresponding to a battery whose SOC is greater than or equal to a SOC threshold.

[0077] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit includes:

[0078] The third processing module is used to... ,

[0079] Determine the actual output voltage of each of the above PCS, where, This is the actual output voltage. For reference voltage, This is the proportionality coefficient. The integral coefficient is... For reference current, This represents the actual output current.

[0080] In some embodiments, the fourth processing unit includes:

[0081] The fourth processing module is used to... Determine the supplementary power;

[0082] in, Let be the energy replenishment power at time t. For maximum power replenishment, is the time constant, and t is the energy replenishment time.

[0083] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes: a fifth processing unit configured to, after power allocation to each of the PCS, generate a first alarm message to indicate that the battery's fault level is the first fault level if the battery's fault level is determined to be the first fault level; a sixth processing unit configured to, if the battery's fault level is determined to be the second fault level, disconnect the faulty branch and distribute the original power of the PCS to the remaining normal PCS; and a seventh processing unit configured to, if the battery's fault level is determined to be the third fault level, disconnect the power supply to all devices and generate a second alarm message to indicate that the battery's fault level is the second fault level, wherein the first fault level, the second fault level, and the third fault level represent a sequential increase in the degree of fault.

[0084] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium including a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform any of the above-described methods.

[0085] According to some embodiments of this application, another aspect of this application provides an energy storage system, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the energy storage system includes: an energy input and conversion module for connecting to external AC grid power, performing voltage conversion and electrical isolation via a transformer, and outputting adjustable DC power via a programmable DC source; a multi-PCS collaborative control device connected to the energy input and conversion module, which receives the adjustable DC power and schedules multiple PCS to operate collaboratively and replenish energy; an energy storage and status sensing module connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device, which stores energy, collects battery status data, and performs current sampling through a distributed replenishment branch interface, with the current sampling data from the distributed replenishment branch interface simultaneously fed back to the multi-PCS collaborative control device; and a collaborative communication module connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device, which receives target parameters from the multi-PCS collaborative control device and distributes them to each PCS via a wired bus. The target parameters include at least one of the following: operating instructions, status updates, fault alarms, and strategy parameters. The safety and start-stop control module is connected to the aforementioned multi-PCS collaborative control device and the aforementioned energy storage and status sensing module. The safety and start-stop control module is used to obtain the system load distribution and fault level determination results from the aforementioned multi-PCS collaborative control device, obtain battery alarm information from the aforementioned energy storage and status sensing module, determine the system safety status, and execute graded responses.

[0086] In this application, the safety and start-stop control module does not independently determine the system state, but rather acts as the execution center for system safety decisions. It receives key information in real time from the multi-PCS collaborative control device and the energy storage and state awareness module to achieve context-based intelligent hierarchical response. Battery alarm information refers to abnormal state signals that may endanger battery safety, performance, or lifespan, identified by the energy storage and state awareness module after real-time monitoring of the battery module's operating status.

[0087] The safety and start / stop control module includes a PLC controller and a safety protection unit. The PLC controller can receive instructions from the EMS controller to control the start, stop and regulate the transformer, and at the same time provide feedback on the transformer's operating status. The safety protection unit integrates overcharge and over-discharge protection, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection, short circuit protection and insulation monitoring functions.

[0088] BMS stands for Battery Management System.

[0089] EMS stands for Energy Management System.

[0090] The power input and conversion module includes a grid access unit, an isolation transformer, and a programmable DC power source connected in sequence. The grid access unit is equipped with lightning protection devices and overvoltage and overcurrent protection switches, which can filter surge interference on the grid side and disconnect the access link when the voltage or current is abnormal. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection switch of the grid access unit is set to an action threshold of 1.1 times the rated voltage and 1.2 times the rated current, and automatically disconnects after 300ms of continuous abnormality. The isolation transformer adopts a dry insulation structure and has both voltage adaptation and electromagnetic interference shielding functions, which can block harmonic transmission between the grid and the system. The programmable DC power source supports a wide range of output voltage regulation.

[0091] The multi-PCS collaborative control device includes an EMS controller and multiple parallel energy storage converter PCSs. The EMS controller adopts an embedded processor architecture and can process data from multiple devices simultaneously. Each PCS has an independent charge and discharge control unit, which can receive instructions from the EMS controller to independently adjust the charge and discharge power of the corresponding container energy storage unit. Each PCS has a rated power of 100kW and a conversion efficiency of ≥96.5%. It communicates with the EMS controller via the CANopen protocol, with a command response time of ≤50ms. Data synchronization between multiple PCSs is achieved through a high-speed link to ensure the consistency of charge and discharge operations.

[0092] Using battery health status (SOH) as the core parameter, the load allocation weights of multiple PCS, the charging start threshold, and the charging power curve are linked for control, forming a "state-policy" closed-loop logic. In the load allocation stage, the weights are adjusted based on SOH, ensuring that PCS corresponding to batteries with lower health status bear a lower proportion of the load. The charging start SOC threshold is dynamically adjusted using the SOC formula.

[0093] ;

[0094] Among them, SOC start This is the initial value for SOC.

[0095] The battery SOH value is collected in real time by the BMS, with a collection period of 1 second and a value range of 0.7-1.0; the charging mode switching threshold is set to SOH=0.9, that is, when SOH≥0.9... When the rated power of the PCS is 80% and the SOH < 0.7, Adjusted to 50%; time constant A uniform value of 3600s is used to ensure a smooth transition during the energy replenishment process.

[0096] The energy storage and state awareness module includes a containerized energy storage unit and a distributed energy replenishment branch interface. The containerized energy storage unit has a built-in lithium battery module and a battery management system (BMS). The BMS collects data on the battery's SOC value, SOH value, single cell voltage, charging and discharging current, and battery temperature in real time.

[0097] The BMS feeds back the collected data to the corresponding PCS in real time. The distributed power supply branch interface is configured with an independent branch for each PCS. Each branch integrates a bidirectional switch, a filter unit, and a current sensor to realize the on / off control of the power supply circuit, harmonic suppression, and current data acquisition, respectively. The sampling accuracy of the BMS is voltage ≤ ±1mV, current ≤ ±0.5%FS, and temperature ≤ ±0.3℃. The calibration coefficient is 0.15-0.25, and the open circuit voltage corresponding to the standard SOC=50% can be 3V±0.25V. The filter unit of the distributed power supply branch adopts an LC filter structure.

[0098] The BMS feeds back the collected data to the corresponding PCS in real time. Each PCS is configured with an independent branch interface for the distributed energy replenishment branch. Each branch integrates a bidirectional switch, a filter unit, and a current sensor to control the on / off state of the energy replenishment circuit, suppress harmonics, and acquire current data. The BMS also features battery balancing and fault diagnosis: when the voltage deviation of a single battery cell within the same containerized energy storage unit exceeds a preset threshold, it automatically activates the balancing mode to balance the cell voltage. The fault diagnosis function can identify various battery fault types and immediately sends an alarm to the EMS controller. In emergencies, it can directly trigger the shutdown protection of the corresponding PCS, forming a multi-level safety protection system. The wired communication section includes a short-range communication bus, a device interaction network, and a multi-PCS synchronization link, enabling communication between the PCS and the BMS, interaction between the EMS and other devices, and data synchronization between multiple PCS. The wireless communication section is equipped with a remote communication module and a backup link module, used for communication between the system and a remote platform, and as backup transmission in case of wired link failure. Simultaneously, communication data employs encryption and verification mechanisms to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission.

[0099] The BMS also features battery balancing and fault diagnosis functions: when the voltage deviation of a single battery cell within the same container energy storage unit exceeds a preset threshold, the balancing mode is automatically activated to balance the single cell voltage; the fault diagnosis function can identify various battery fault types and immediately send an alarm to the EMS controller after identification. In an emergency, it can directly trigger the shutdown protection of the corresponding PCS, forming a multi-level safety protection; the single cell voltage balancing threshold is set to 50mV, the balancing mode adopts an active balancing method, the balancing current is 1A, the balancing efficiency is ≥90%, until the voltage deviation is ≤20mV; the fault diagnosis types include overcharge (voltage ≥3.65V), over-discharge (voltage ≤2.5V), over-temperature (temperature ≥45℃), abnormal single cell voltage, and communication failure, with an emergency shutdown response time ≤10ms.

[0100] In addition, the safety and start / stop control module includes a PLC controller and a safety protection unit. The PLC controller can receive instructions from the EMS controller to control the start, stop, and regulation of the transformer, and at the same time provide feedback on the transformer's operating status. The safety protection unit integrates overcharge and over-discharge protection, overcurrent protection, over-temperature protection, short-circuit protection, and insulation monitoring functions. The overcurrent protection condition is that the actual current is greater than the product of a preset multiple and the rated current, where the preset multiple is ≥1.1.

[0101] The safety and start-stop control module also has a fault classification and handling function. Based on the severity, scope of impact and degree of impact on the system, the fault is divided into three levels: minor fault, general fault and serious fault. Minor fault triggers an alarm and automatically adjusts the operating parameters. General fault starts dynamic compensation and cuts off the fault branch. Serious fault immediately triggers the emergency shutdown procedure, cuts off the power supply to all equipment and starts the alarm device to fully protect the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0102] Minor faults include excessive communication error rate, individual battery cell voltage deviation ≤30mV, and slightly low insulation resistance (1MΩ-2MΩ). Automatic adjustment measures include increasing the frequency of communication verification and initiating minor equalization. General faults include single PCS overload, battery temperature 35℃-45℃, and excessive harmonics in a single branch. After dynamic compensation, the faulty branch is isolated for repair. Severe faults include simultaneous failure of multiple PCS, battery short circuit, temperature ≥50℃, and insulation resistance <1MΩ. The alarm device is a red flashing audible and visual alarm with a sound level ≥85dB.

[0103] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-PCS cooperative control method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the SOH value of the corresponding battery for each PCS; Based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, calculate the allocated power of each PCS and allocate power to each PCS. Monitor the operating status of each PCS, and distribute the original power of the PCS that meets the preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS. The preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally, or the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

2. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate, and the corresponding SOH value, the allocated power of each PCS is calculated, including: according to Determine the allocated power for each of the PCS; in, The allocated power for the i-th PCS. The total load power of the system is [value missing]. The rated power of the i-th PCS, Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the i-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the i-th PCS, and j be the unique identifier of each normally operating PCS. The rated power of the j-th PCS is Let SOH be the SOH value of the battery corresponding to the j-th PCS. Let be the current load rate of the j-th PCS.

3. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The original power of the PCS is evenly distributed to the remaining normal PCS, including: according to Determine the power increase required for each of the remaining normal PCS; in, The additional power required for the kth normal PCS The original power carried by the faulty PCS. The number of the remaining normal PCS.

4. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After power allocation to each of the PCS, the method further includes: Obtain the actual output voltage of each PCS and the corresponding SOC of the battery; When the actual output voltages of the various PCSs are different, and / or the SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold, the target PCS is recharged. The target PCS is the PCS whose actual output voltage is different from that of the other PCSs, or the PCS corresponding to the battery whose SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold.

5. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Obtaining the actual output voltage of each PCS includes: according to , Determine the actual output voltage of each of the PCS, wherein, This is the actual output voltage. For reference voltage, This is the proportionality coefficient. The integral coefficient is... For reference current, This represents the actual output current.

6. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Replenishing energy to the target PCS includes: according to Determine the supplementary power; in, Let be the energy replenishment power at time t. For maximum power replenishment, Let t be the time constant and t be the energy replenishment time.

7. The multi-PCS cooperative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After power allocation to each of the PCS, the method further includes: If the battery is determined to be at the first fault level, a first alarm message is generated to indicate that the battery is at the first fault level. If the battery is determined to be at fault level 2, the faulty branch is disconnected and the original power of the PCS is evenly distributed to the remaining normal PCS. If the battery is determined to be at fault level three, the power supply to all devices is cut off and a second alarm message is generated to indicate that the battery is at fault level two. The first fault level, the second fault level, and the third fault level represent the degree of fault increasing sequentially.

8. A multi-PCS collaborative control device, wherein the multi-PCS collaborative control device requires the use of the multi-PCS collaborative control method as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the SOH value of the corresponding battery for each PCS; The first processing unit is used to calculate the allocated power of each PCS based on the total system load power, the rated power of each PCS, the current load rate and the corresponding SOH value, and to allocate power to each PCS. The second processing unit is used to monitor the operating status of each PCS and to distribute the original power of the PCS that meets the preset conditions to the remaining normal PCS. The preset conditions include at least one of the following: the PCS is operating abnormally and the corresponding battery does not need to be charged.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device on which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. An energy storage system, comprising the multi-PCS collaborative control device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Energy storage systems also include: The power input and conversion module is used to connect to the external AC power grid, complete voltage conversion and electrical isolation through a transformer, and output adjustable DC power through a programmable DC source; the multi-PCS collaborative control device is connected to the power input and conversion module, and the multi-PCS collaborative control device is used to receive the adjustable DC power, schedule multiple PCS to operate collaboratively and replenish power; An energy storage and state sensing module is connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device. The energy storage and state sensing module is used to store electrical energy, collect battery state data, and realize current sampling through the distributed energy replenishment branch interface. The current sampling data of the distributed energy replenishment branch interface is simultaneously fed back to the multi-PCS collaborative control device. A collaborative communication module is connected to the multi-PCS collaborative control device. The collaborative communication module is used to receive target parameters from the multi-PCS collaborative control device and distribute them to each PCS through a wired bus. The target parameters include at least one of the following: running instructions, status updates, fault alarms, and strategy parameters.

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