Sustainable aviation fuels produced from normal alpha olefin byproducts and methods thereof

Abstract

A process for the preparation of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) utilizing specific bioethylene oligomerization reactions that produce a byproduct mixture of C4-C8 alpha-olefins and C10 olefins. This mixed decene stream is upgraded by further oligomerization with at least one C4-C6 alpha-olefin to provide a C16-olefin stream, which is hydrogenated to C16-paraffins used to form the SAF. Bioethylene is employed to produce the mixed decene stream of relatively low value due to its non-selectivity with which desired sustainable aviation fuel products are obtained, where low selectivity is preferred. These and other embodiments and aspects are described herein.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] none. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from bioethylene derived from bioethanol or biosyngas ethanol. Background Technology

[0003] Although the jet fuel market is smaller than the gasoline and diesel markets, it still accounts for approximately 25% of total transportation fuel consumption and currently exceeds 26 billion gallons annually in the United States alone. The jet fuel market is projected to roughly double in size over the next 20 years, while the gasoline market is expected to decline during the same period. Therefore, maintaining robust jet fuel production and transportation infrastructure, as well as developing improved methods for producing jet fuel and aviation fuel, are becoming increasingly important.

[0004] Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) can provide the necessary resilience to meet these future demands in terms of feedstock availability while addressing the need for emissions reduction. SAF not only enables significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions with minimal or no modifications to current engine technology, but it also offers a drop-in fuel solution. Drop-in fuel allows existing aircraft to use a 50% blend of SAF and JetA without engine or other modifications. Furthermore, SAF production facilities can often be located near the airports they serve, potentially improving jet fuel transportation. Therefore, many companies have set SAF usage targets as a key strategy for achieving net-zero emissions.

[0005] However, challenges remain for the large-scale production and use of SAF. While SAF offers an environmentally sustainable technology, the technologies currently used to produce SAF are not economically viable. For example, SAF can cost four to five times more than conventional jet fuel and currently accounts for less than one percent of the fuels available on the market. Therefore, there is still a need for methods to manufacture sustainable aviation fuel that can improve the technology and increase production economics, and provide additional benefits or efficiencies to address the rapidly growing demand for jet fuel. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aviation fuels primarily contain saturated hydrocarbon compounds, including straight-chain and branched alkanes (paraffins) and cycloalkanes (cycloparaffins or naphthenes); and smaller concentrations of aromatic compounds and olefins. The high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of alkanes provides a higher heat release per unit weight and relatively cleaner combustion than other hydrocarbons, while cycloalkanes offer a lower heat release per unit weight but increase fuel density.

[0007] Aviation fuel composition is primarily based on fuel specifications designed to provide optimal performance for the specific aircraft using that fuel, rather than on specifications based on chemical composition. The ethylene oligomerization process described herein can be used to provide a range of kerosene jet fuels (C8-C5). 16 or a wide range of jet fuels (C5-C5) 15 Or C4-C 16 JP-4 is a product of distillation. For example, JP-4 is a wide-range fuel because it is produced over a wide range of distillation temperatures and contains a wide range of carbon chain lengths, from 4 to 16 carbons. The approximate composition of JP-4 is about 86 vol% saturated hydrocarbons, about 13 vol% (v / v) aromatic hydrocarbons, and about 1 vol% olefins, and JP-4 has a distillation range of about 60°C to 270°C.

[0008] The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel is based on the dehydration of bioethanol or biosynthetic gas ethanol to produce bioethylene, followed by certain oligomerization and hydrogenation reactions to generate products that can be used as components in aviation fuel. Specifically, the disclosed method utilizes the selective and purposeful production of C4-C8 α-olefins from ethylene, wherein the main byproduct is C... 10 A mixture of olefins (also referred to herein as mixed decenes). Because the mixed decene products in this n-alpha-olefin (NAO) mixture are produced from ethylene feedstock derived from bioethanol, the mixed decene byproducts can be further oligomerized and hydrogenated to form C... 16- Sustainable aviation fuels consisting of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Furthermore, the mixed decene byproducts themselves can also be hydrogenated to form a decene mixture, which is produced by reacting with C... 16- Alkanes and cycloalkanes are blended to obtain SAF, which is used as a component of sustainable aviation fuel.

[0009] Previously, mixed decene byproducts from ethylene oligomerization used to form C4-C8 α-olefins were undesirable and were sold as low-cost fuels. This relatively low-value byproduct can be upgraded to produce aviation fuel, as described herein, by reacting the mixed decene with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst system. 6- α-olefin contact to provide C 16-An olefin feed stream can then be hydrogenated in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a product containing C. 16- Sustainable aviation fuels using alkanes. While ethylene oligomerization processes can be highly selective, for example, for the production of 1-hexene, the production of decene byproducts is not selective. For example, a decene mixture can contain 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. Whether these decenes are hydrogenated to decane for use as a component of SAF, or further oligomerized and then hydrogenated to SAF, the lack of selectivity in their production does not disadvantage the mixture for its end use as a sustainable aviation fuel.

[0010] Therefore, this disclosure provides a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomer product; and (d) (i) in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene. 6- α-olefin contact, or (ii) in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, reacting a mixture of decenes with at least one C 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- (e) olefin feed stream; (e) C in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (f) the use of C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0011] For example, in another aspect, this disclosure provides a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising a mixture of at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomer product; and (d) in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin. 6- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- (e) olefin feed stream; (e) in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (f) using the C16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0012] For example, in another aspect, this disclosure provides a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomer product; and (d) in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a metathesis catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene. 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- (e) olefin feed stream; (e) in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (f) using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0013] On the other hand, once the decene mixture is separated from the oligomerization product, it can be utilized in different ways. For example, a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel may include: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a decene mixture; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomerization product; (d) hydrogenating the decene mixture in the presence of a second hydrogenation catalyst to provide a decane mixture; and (e) using the decane mixture as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuel.

[0014] On the other hand, this disclosure also describes a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C6 α-olefin and decene; and (c) contacting the oligomer product with a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerization catalyst or a metathesis catalyst to provide C 16- (d) olefin feed stream; (d) in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (e) the use of the C 16-Alkanes are used as components for forming sustainable aviation fuel. In this method, steps (b) of contacting the bio-ethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system and (c) of contacting the oligomers with the second catalyst system can be carried out in the same reactor or in different reactors, such as different reactors in series.

[0015] In these methods, C 6- α-olefins may include, are substantially composed of, or be selected from: for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, or combinations thereof; or alternatively, ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or combinations thereof. The C in these methods... 8- α-olefins may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from: for example, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof; or alternatively, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof. Because decene mixtures can react with at least one C in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a metathesis catalyst. 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream, so there is no need in C 8- The α-olefins include ethylene, which leads to a non-productive olefin metathesis reaction. The C4-C8 α-olefins in this method may include or be selected from, for example, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or any combination thereof.

[0016] If desired, the sustainable aviation fuel or its components prepared as described herein can be used as is, that is, without further purification. Alternatively, the sustainable aviation fuel or its components prepared as described herein can be used after further purification by any method. Suitable purification can be designed to remove contaminants (such as sulfur compounds) or can be used to fractionate the SAF or its components to select for higher or lower boiling point fractions. Alternatively, sustainable aviation fuel or its components can be blended with non-sustainable aviation fuels.

[0017] In one aspect, the step of providing bioethylene feedstock in the disclosed methods for preparing sustainable aviation fuel may include: [1] converting a starch-based feedstock, a sugar-based feedstock, or a cellulose feedstock into bioethanol; and [2] dehydrating the bioethanol to provide bioethylene feedstock. In these methods described herein, all or only a portion of the bioethylene feedstock used in the disclosed methods may be derived from the dehydration of bioethanol. Therefore, in one aspect, the sustainable aviation fuel provided herein may be certified as conforming to CORSIA sustainability standards under the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) International Aviation Carbon Offset and Reduction (CORSIA) certification system. In another aspect, the sustainable aviation fuel provided herein may be certified as LCAF under the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) Low Carbon Aviation Fuel (LCAF) certification system. In either aspect, the certification may be based on the weight or proportion of the sustainable aviation fuel attributable to the bioethanol, the weight or proportion being determined by a mass balance and free attribution method.

[0018] These and other embodiments and aspects of the processes, methods, and compositions including catalyst compositions are described more fully in the detailed description and claims, as well as in further disclosures such as the examples provided herein. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This disclosure describes a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) based on the production of bioethylene through the dehydration of biomass ethanol or biosynthetic gas ethanol. This method utilizes specific ethylene oligomerization reactions that produce targeted C4-C8 α-olefins, such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or any combination thereof. In this oligomerization reaction, the main byproduct is C4-C8 α-olefins. 10 A mixture of olefins, which may be referred to herein as mixed decene. While a mixed decene feedstream can be clearly defined, it is generally an undesirable and low-value product sold as a low-cost fuel. Further oligomerization of mixed decene with at least one C4-C6 α-olefin provides C for subsequent hydrogenation. 16- Olefin feed stream is used to upgrade mixed decene feed stream, resulting in C 16- Alkanes can be used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels. In this regard, the use of bio-ethylene to produce previously low-value product streams (partly due to their non-selectivity) allows this non-selectivity to be utilized where desired in sustainable aviation fuels. For example, a mixture of decenes could include 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. Hydrogenation of these components yields saturated analogues of these olefins, which are ideal components in SAFs.

[0020] The mixed decene stream can be used in other ways to form products that are useful components in sustainable aviation fuels. For example, when the mixed decene is formed in a purposeful bio-ethylene oligomerization to form C4-C8 α-olefins, the mixed decene can be separated from the oligomerization product, hydrogenated to provide a decane mixture, and this bio-decane mixture can be used as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuels. For example, the decane mixture can be combined with C... 16- Alkanes and / or cycloalkanes are blended to provide sustainable aviation fuel. In any use of the products of this disclosure as components of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), any further oligomerization or blending may be carried out together with other biologically derived components, such that all components of the SAF are bio-derived. Alternatively, any further oligomerization or blending may be carried out together with other partially biological or non-biologically derived components to provide fractions or portions of the SAF as constituting sustainable components.

[0021] On the other hand, the mixed decene feedstream can be used in other ways to form products that are useful components in sustainable aviation fuels. For example, using the methods disclosed herein, bio-ethylene feedstreams can be catalytically oligomerized to form oligomers comprising a mixture of at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene. In one aspect, the oligomer may also comprise octene, dodecene, tetradecene, or any combination thereof. The decene mixture can be separated from the oligomer and subsequently reacted with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin in the presence of another oligomerization catalyst system. 6- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream. The C 16- The olefin feed stream can then be hydrogenated to provide C 16- Alkanes can be used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels. Therefore, when produced from bioethylene, mixed decene feedstocks can provide multiple pathways for SAF (Salicylic Acid Fuel).

[0022] Therefore, in one aspect, a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel is provided, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a decene mixture; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomer product; (d) hydrogenating the decene mixture in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a decane mixture; and (e) using the decane mixture as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuel. In this aspect, using the decane mixture as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuel may include mixing the decane mixture with C4-C8 α-olefin and a decene mixture. 16- Alkanes and / or cycloalkanes are blended to obtain sustainable aviation fuels.

[0023] Therefore, in another aspect, a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel is provided, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a decene; (c) separating the decene mixture from the oligomer product; and (d) (i) in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a decene. 6- α-olefin contact, or (ii) in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- (e) olefin feed stream; (e) in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (f) using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0024] In another aspect, this article provides a method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) providing a bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) contacting the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C6 α-olefin and a mixture of at least one C4-C6 α-olefin and decene; and (c) contacting the oligomer product with a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst or a metathesis catalyst to provide C 16- (d) olefin feed stream; (d) in the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (e) the use of the C 16- Alkanes are used as components for the formation of sustainable aviation fuel. In one aspect of this method, it is not necessary to separate α-olefins from the mixed decenes before contacting the mixture with a second catalyst system containing a second oligomerization catalyst or metathesis catalyst.

[0025] definition To more clearly define the terms used herein, the following definitions are provided, and unless otherwise specified or required by context, these definitions apply throughout this disclosure. If a term is used in this disclosure but is not specifically defined herein, the definition in the IUPAC Chemical Terminology Compendium, 2nd Edition (1997) may be applied, provided that the definition does not conflict with any other disclosure or definition applied herein, or render any technical solution to which the definition is applied ambiguous or invalid. If any definition or usage provided in any document incorporated herein by reference conflicts with the definition or usage provided herein, the definition or usage provided herein shall prevail.

[0026] use Chemical and Engineering News The numbering scheme indicated in the version of the periodic table published in 1985, 63(5), 27, indicates the groups of elements in the periodic table. In some cases, the group of elements may be indicated by the common name assigned to that group. For example, alkali metals indicate Group 1 elements, alkaline earth metals indicate Group 2 elements, transition metals indicate Groups 3-12 elements, and halogens or halides indicate Group 17 elements.

[0027] Transitional terms or phrases in claims, the transitional term "comprising / including," synonymous with "comprising," "containing," or "characterized by," is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unlisted elements or method steps. The transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. The transitional phrase "consisting substantially of" limits the scope of the claim to the specified materials or steps, and those that do not materially affect the fundamental and novel characteristics(s) of the claimed invention. Claims "consisting substantially of" occupy an intermediate zone between closed claims drafted in "consisting of" format and fully open claims drafted in "comprising." Unless specified to the contrary, describing a method, system, or composition as "consisting substantially of" should not be construed as "comprising," but rather is intended to describe the listed components, including materials that do not significantly alter or materially affect the fundamental and novel characteristics of the method, system, or composition to which the term applies. For example, a raw material substantially composed of material A may include impurities typically present in commercially produced or commercially available samples of said material A.

[0028] When a claim contains different features and / or feature categories (e.g., process steps, feedstock features, and / or product features, and other possibilities), the transitional terms “comprising,” “consistently consisting of,” and “composed of” apply only to the feature category used and may have different transitional terms or phrases used with different features in the claim. For example, a method may include several listed steps (and other unlisted steps) but utilize a catalyst composition formulation consisting of specific steps. In another example, a method may include several listed steps (and other unlisted steps) but utilize a catalyst composition consisting essentially of the listed components. Although compositions and methods are described as “comprising” various components or steps, unless otherwise stated, compositions and methods may also be described as “consistently consisting of various components or steps” or “composed of various components or steps.”

[0029] Unless otherwise expressly indicated, the terms “a / an” and “the” are intended to include multiple alternatives, such as at least one. For example, unless otherwise specified, the disclosure of “heating zone” or “heater” means to encompass one heating zone (or heater) or more than one heating zone (or heater).

[0030] This document uses the terms “configured for” or “suitable for use” and similar language to reflect the specific enumerated structures or procedures used in the disclosed and claimed systems or processes, or in downstream systems or processes (such as olefin hydrogenation systems or processes). For example, unless otherwise specified, a particular structure “configured for” means that it is “configured for use in an oligomerization reactor system of the methods disclosed herein” and is therefore designed, shaped, arranged, constructed and / or tailored to achieve oligomerization, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0031] For any particular compound disclosed herein, unless otherwise indicated, the general structure or name presented is also intended to cover all structural, conformational, and stereoisomers that can be produced by a particular set of substituents. Therefore, unless explicitly indicated otherwise or unless the context otherwise requires, general references to a compound include all structural isomers. Additionally, when the context permits or requires, references to the general structure or name cover all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other optical isomers (whether in enantiomeric or racemic form), as well as mixtures of stereoisomers. For any particular formula or name presented, any general formula or name presented also covers all conformational, regio, and stereoisomers that can be produced by a particular set of substituents.

[0032] Compound names, such as C 16- Olefins or C in olefin feed stream 16-Alkanes in the context of alkanes are named according to conventional organic chemistry nomenclature, and many of these compounds may have different system names. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that different names may be used in the specification, claims, aspects, reaction schemes, or figures, referring to the same compound that may be named differently elsewhere in the specification, claims, aspects, reaction schemes, or figures. For example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that when describing the addition or oligomerization product of 1-butene with 5-methylnon-1-ene (also known as 5-methyl-1-nonene), the compound 5-methyl-8-methylenedodecane shown in Scheme 1 is the same compound as 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane listed in this disclosure and specification. Similarly, when describing the addition product of 1-butene with 1-decene, the compound 5-methylenetridecane shown in Scheme 1 is the same compound as 2-butyl-1-decene listed in this disclosure and specification.

[0033] This document discloses various numerical ranges. When an applicant discloses or claims protection for any type of range, unless otherwise specified, the applicant intends to individually disclose or claim protection for every possible number that such range can reasonably cover, including the endpoints of the range and any subranges and combinations thereof covered therein. For example, by disclosing temperatures from 70°C to 80°C, the applicant intends to individually list 70°C, 71°C, 72°C, 73°C, 74°C, 75°C, 76°C, 77°C, 78°C, 79°C, and 80°C, including any subranges and combinations thereof covered therein, and these methods of describing such ranges are interchangeable. Furthermore, all numerical endpoints of the range are included in the disclosure of the range unless conditionally excluded. Thus, if the applicant chooses to claim protection for less than the full extent of the disclosure for any reason, such as considering references that the applicant may not have been aware of at the time of filing the application, the applicant reserves the right to specify or exclude any individual member of any such group of values ​​or ranges (including any subranges or combinations thereof) that can be claimed according to the range or in any similar manner. In addition, if the applicant chooses to claim protection for less than the full extent of the disclosure for any reason, the applicant reserves the right to specify or exclude any individual process step, reactor element, chemical substituent, analogue, compound, ligand, structure or group thereof, or any member of the group claimed.

[0034] Values ​​or ranges herein may be expressed as “about,” from “about” a specific value, and / or to “about” another specific value. When expressing such values ​​or ranges, other disclosed embodiments include the specific value, from one specific value, and / or to another specific value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation using the antecedent “about,” it should be understood that the specific value forms another embodiment. It should also be understood that numerous values ​​are disclosed herein, and each value, in addition to the value itself, is also disclosed herein as “about” the specific value. In embodiments, the use of the term “about” may mean ±15% of the value, ±10% of the value, ±5% of the value, ±3% of the value, ±2% of the value, or ±1% of the value. For any disclosure or claim of a value “about,” the applicant intends to include embodiments without the qualifier “about.”

[0035] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbon" refers to a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen. Other identifiers may be used to indicate the presence of a specific group in a hydrocarbon (e.g., halohydrocarbons indicate the presence of one or more halogen atoms that replace an equal number of hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon).

[0036] As used herein, the term "aliphatic" refers to a class of acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compounds, excluding aromatic compounds, such as non-aromatic organic compounds. "Aliphatic group" is a broadly defined group formed by removing one or more hydrogen atoms (as required by the specific group) from the carbon atoms of an aliphatic compound. Aliphatic compounds and therefore aliphatic groups may contain organic functional groups and / or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

[0037] The term "aromatic" is used herein to describe compounds containing cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons that follow Hückel's (4n+2) rule and contain (4n+2) π electrons, where n is an integer from 1 to approximately 5. Unless otherwise specified, aromatic compounds can be monocyclic or polycyclic. Aromatic compounds include "aromatic hydrocarbons" (hydrocarbon aromatic compounds) and "heteroarenes," also known as "hetarenes" (heteroarenes are compounds formally derived from aromatic hydrocarbons by substituting one or more methylene (–C=) carbon atoms with trivalent or divalent heteroatoms in a manner that preserves the continuous π-electron system characteristic of the aromatic system and the number of out-of-plane π electrons corresponding to Hückel's (4n+2) rule). Thus, aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic hydrocarbons with or without side chains (e.g., benzene, toluene, or xylene, etc.).

[0038] As used herein, the term "olefin" refers to acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, other than the formal carbon-carbon double bonds found in aromatic compounds. The class "olefins" includes alkenes and cycloalkenes, as well as corresponding polyenes. Ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, etc., are non-limiting examples of olefins. As used in this specification and claims, the term "α-olefin" refers to an olefin having a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms of the longest continuous carbon chain. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "α-olefin" includes both straight-chain and branched α-olefins.

[0039] The terms “alkane” and “chain alkane” are used interchangeably herein to refer to saturated hydrocarbon compounds, and unless otherwise specified, “alkane” and “chain alkane” include straight-chain ( just ) and branches ( different Alkanes (alkanes). Other identifiers may be used to indicate the presence of a specific group in an alkane (e.g., haloalkanes indicate the presence of one or more halogen atoms replacing an equal number of hydrogen atoms in the alkane). Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the term C... 16- Alkanes include straight-chain C464-carbon hydrocarbons. 16- just Alkanes and branched C 16- different Alkanes, for example, C 16- Alkanes can include C 12 To C 16 n-Alkanes, C 12 To C 16 Isoalkanes or mixtures thereof.

[0040] The carbon number terminology used herein is standard in industry to reflect a range of hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons, including the upper or lower limits of the range or limit, and the term does not require that every and every carbon number covered by the range or limit be present in the composition, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, “C…” 16- "Alkanes" refers to C 16 And low-carbon-number alkanes, but not necessarily all compounds within the disclosed range are required to be present. Specifically, those skilled in the art will understand that the term is context-dependent.

[0041] The terms “cycloalkane,” “cycloparaffin,” and “naphthene” are used interchangeably herein to describe saturated cyclic hydrocarbons, with or without side chains, such as cyclobutane. Other identifiers may be used to indicate the presence of specific groups in cycloalkanes (e.g., halocycloalkane indicates the presence of one or more halogen atoms replacing an equal number of hydrogen atoms). Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons having one intracyclic double bond or one triple bond are referred to as cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes, respectively. Those having more than one such multiple bond are cyclodienes, cyclotrienes, etc. Other identifiers may be used to indicate the presence of specific groups in cycloalkenes, cyclodienes, cyclotrienes, etc.

[0042] A chemical “group” or chemical “substituent” may also be described according to how the group is formally derived from a reference or “parent” compound, for example by formally removing the number of hydrogen atoms from the parent compound to produce the group, even if the group is not literally synthesized in this way. These groups can function as substituents or coordinate or bond with metal atoms. For example, an “alkyl” can be formally derived by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane, while an alkyl diel (also called an “alkylene group”) can be formally derived by removing two hydrogen atoms from an alkane. The disclosure that a substituent, ligand, or other chemical part can constitute a particular “group” means that known chemical structures and bonding rules are followed when the group is used as described. Unless otherwise specified or required by the context, when a group is described as “derived from,” “from,” “formed by,” or “made of,” such terms are used in a formal sense and are not intended to reflect any particular synthetic method or procedure.

[0043] The terms “catalyst,” “catalyst composition,” “catalyst mixture,” “catalyst system,” etc., do not depend on the actual product or composition produced by the contact or reaction of the initial components of the claimed catalyst or catalyst composition / mixture / system, the nature of the active catalytic site, or the fate of the co-catalyst, or the catalyst matrix, or any activator (e.g., activator-support) after the combination of these components. Therefore, the terms “catalyst composition,” “catalyst mixture,” “catalyst system,” etc., encompass the initial starting components of the composition, and any products that may be produced by contact with these initial starting components, and this includes both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyst systems or compositions. The terms “catalyst composition,” “catalyst mixture,” “catalyst system,” etc., are used interchangeably throughout this disclosure.

[0044] Although any methods, apparatus, and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of this invention, typical methods, apparatus, and materials are described herein.

[0045] All publications and patents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, constructs and methods described in the publications that can be used in conjunction with the inventions herein described. The disclosures discussed throughout are provided only for those prior to the filing date of this application. Nothing herein shall be construed as an admission that the inventor has no right to any prior disclosure due to a prior invention.

[0046] Initial oligomers In the method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to this disclosure, a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst can oligomerize bioethylene feedstock to form an oligomerized product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a byproduct mixture of decenes. The first and second oligomerizing catalysts can be independently selected from any olefin oligomerizing catalyst, and the metathesis catalyst can be selected from any metathesis catalyst. In one aspect, an oligomerizing catalyst (such as a chromium-based catalyst) can be used as the first oligomerizing catalyst and can provide an oligomerized product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decenes described in detail in this disclosure. A second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst can be used to further oligomerize the mixed decenes with, for example, another ethylene or bioethylene molecule or a C4-C6 α-olefin (such as a C4-C6 α-olefin prepared in the first oligomerization reaction) to form a C4-C6 α-olefin. 16- Olefin feed stream. C 16- Olefin feed streams can be hydrogenated and used as components of SAF.

[0047] A second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst can be used in metathesis reactions of mixed decene with, for example, propylene or C4-C8 α-olefins (such as C4-C6 α-olefins prepared in the first oligomerization reaction) to form C 16- Olefin feedstocks, which can also be hydrogenated and used as components of SAFs. In either case, the ethylene, propylene, or C4-C8 α-olefins used in these methods can be bio-based (such as C4-C6 α-olefins prepared in the first oligomerization reaction), or these olefins can be prepared using ethylene, propylene, or C4-C8 α-olefins from non-bio-based sources in the preparation of sustainable aviation fuels. A second oligomerization catalyst can also be used to contact an oligomer product comprising a mixture of at least one C4-C6 α-olefin and decene, wherein the decene mixture is not separated from the oligomer product to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream. In one respect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may independently comprise a chromium-based catalyst, a metallocene-based catalyst, a Ziegler-Natta-based catalyst, a metal oxide-supported catalyst based on group 6-10 transition metals, or a combination thereof.

[0048] In one aspect, even if the oligomerized product formed from the oligomeric bioethylene feedstock may contain a mixture of olefins, the oligomerized product can be analyzed and its composition can be clearly defined. The composition of the oligomerized product prepared from bioethylene using the first catalyst system can be adjusted according to the specific catalyst system employed and the conditions under which oligomerization is carried out. In one aspect, the oligomerized product may contain at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of 1-hexene. Alternatively and in another aspect, the oligomerized product may contain at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of 1-octene. The oligomerized product may also contain at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of a combination of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

[0049] On the other hand, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer prepared from bioethylene using the first catalyst system may contain at least 70 wt% hexene; at least 75 wt% hexene; at least 80 wt% hexene; at least 85 wt% hexene; or at least 90 wt% hexene. Alternatively, and on another aspect, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer may contain 70 wt% to 99.8 wt% hexene; 75 wt% to 99.7 wt% hexene; or 80 wt% to 99.6 wt% hexane. Alternatively, and on another aspect, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer may also contain at least 70 wt% octene; at least 75 wt% octene; at least 80 wt% octene; at least 85 wt% octene; or at least 90 wt% octene. Alternatively, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer may contain 70% to 99.8% octene; 75% to 99.7% octene; or 80% to 99.6% octene.

[0050] On the other hand, the oligomer may contain a mixture of decenes at a concentration of at least 0.5 mol%; at least 1 mol%; at least 2 mol%; at least 3 mol%; at least 4 mol%; at least 5 mol%; at least 6 mol%; at least 8 mol%; at least 10 mol%; at least 12 mol%; or at least 15 mol%. The oligomer may contain a mixture of decenes at a concentration of less than 40 mol%; less than 35 mol%; less than 30 mol%; less than 25 mol%; less than 20 mol%; less than 15 mol%; less than 10 mol%; or less than 5 mol%. For example, contacting the bio-ethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system may be carried out under conditions where at least 0.2 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 12 wt%, or at least 15 wt% of the oligomer may contain a mixture of decenes. Contacting the bio-ethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system can also be carried out under conditions where less than 5% by weight, less than 7% by weight, less than 10% by weight, less than 12% by weight, less than 15% by weight, less than 18% by weight, or less than 20% by weight of the oligomers may contain a mixture of decenes or may consist substantially of them.

[0051] As described herein, while the mixed decene stream can be clearly defined, it is formed in a non-selective manner to produce a number of decene isomers. For example, the decene mixture may comprise 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 4-decene, 5-decene, or any combination thereof. In one aspect, mixed decenes are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,647,626, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0052] On one hand, the decene mixture may contain at least 76 mol%, at least 78 mol%, at least 80 mol%, or at least 82 mol% of C. 10 Mono-olefins. For example, mixtures of decenes may contain 76 mol% to 95 mol% C. 10 Monoolefins; 78 mol% to 90 mol% C 10 Mono-olefin; 80 mol% to 88 mol% C 10 Mono-olefin; or 82 mol% to 86 mol% C 10 Monoolefins.

[0053] According to another aspect, C 10Monoolefins may include: (a) at least 3 mol%, at least 4 mol%, at least 5 mol%, at least 6 mol%, at least 7 mol%, or at least 8 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene; (b) at least 8 mol%, at least 9 mol%, at least 10 mol%, at least 11 mol%, at least 12 mol%, or at least 13 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene; (c) at least 6 mol%, at least 7 mol%, at least 8 mol%, at least 9 mol%, at least 10 mol%, or at least 11 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene; and (d) at least 20 mol%, at least 22 mol%, at least 24 mol%, at least 26 mol%, at least 28 mol%, or at least 30 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene.

[0054] Mixed decenes, especially C 10 Other aspects of monoolefins include the following. In one aspect, C 10 Mono-olefins may contain 3 mol% to 20 mol%, 4 mol% to 18 mol%, 5 mol% to 17 mol%, 6 mol% to 16 mol%, or 7 mol% to 15 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene. C 10 Another aspect of the mono-olefin is that it may contain 10 mol% to 32 mol%, 11 mol% to 30 mol%, 12 mol% to 28 mol%, 13 mol% to 26 mol%, or 14 mol% to 24 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene. In another aspect, C... 10 The monoolefin comprises 7 mol% to 25 mol%, 8 mol% to 24 mol%, 9 mol% to 23 mol%, 10 mol% to 22 mol%, or 11 mol% to 21 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene. In another aspect, C 10 The monoolefin comprises 24 mol% to 52 mol%, 26 mol% to 50 mol%, 28 mol% to 48 mol%, 30 mol% to 46 mol%, or 32 mol% to 44 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene.

[0055] According to another aspect, C 10The monoolefin has any of the following characteristics: (a) the molar ratio of 2-butyl-1-hexene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 2:1, at least 2.4:1, at least 2.6:1, or at least 2.8:1; (b) the molar ratio of 3-propyl-1-heptene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.2:1, at least 1.4:1, at least 1.6:1, or at least 1.8:1; (c) the molar ratio of 4-ethyl-1-octene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.6:1, at least 1.7:1, at least 1.9:1, or at least 2.1:1; (d) the molar ratio of 2-butyl-1-hexene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 2:1, at least 2.4:1, at least 2.6:1, or at least 2.8:1; (e) The molar ratio of 3-propyl-1-heptene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.2:1, at least 1.4:1, at least 1.6:1, or at least 1.8:1; (f) the molar ratio of 4-ethyl-1-octene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.6:1, at least 1.7:1, at least 1.9:1, or at least 2.1:1; or (g) any combination thereof.

[0056] In addition to mixtures of decenes and at least one C4-C8 α-olefin, the oligomer may also contain C 9- Monoolefins, C 11+ Monoolefins or combinations thereof. On one hand, the oligomers may be further characterized as containing at least 1 mol%, at least 2 mol%, at least 3 mol%, or at least 4 mol% of C. 14 Monoolefins. For example, oligomers may also contain 1 mol% to 12 mol% C. 14 Mono-olefin; 2 mol% to 10 mol% C 14 Mono-olefins; 3 mol% to 8 mol% C 14 Mono-olefin; or 4 mol% to 7 mol% C 14 Monoolefins. On the other hand, the oligomers may further comprise: (a) 0.1 mol% to 5 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 4 mol%, or 0.5 mol% to 3 mol% of a C8 monoolefin, wherein the C8 monoolefin comprises at least 95 mol% of 1-octene; (b) 0.1 mol% to 5 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 4 mol%, or 0.5 mol% to 3 mol% of C8 monoolefin. 12 Monoolefins, in which C 12 The monoolefin comprises 54 mol% to 74 mol% of 1-dodecene; (c) 0.05 mol% to 2 mol%, 0.04 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.06 mol% to 1.25 mol%, 0.08 mol% to 1 mol%, or 0.1 mol% to 0.75 mol% of C. 16 Monoolefins and / or C 18 Monoolefins; or (d) any combination thereof.

[0057] On one hand, the decene mixture produced according to this disclosure may contain at least 95 mol% C. 10 Monoolefin, and C 10 The monoolefin comprises: (a) at least 3 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene; (b) at least 10 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene; (c) at least 7 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene; and (d) at least 24 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene. The decene mixture may also comprise a straight-chain C consisting of or substantially composed of the following. 10 Mono-olefins: 1-decene, 4-decene, 5-decene, or combinations thereof.

[0058] Subsequent oligomerization or metathesis products In a first oligomerization reaction using a first catalyst system, bioethylene produces at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene (as described above). In some respects, this mixture is separated, and the decene mixture is used in subsequent oligomerization or metathesis reactions to provide C... 16- Olefin feed stream. In some respects, it is not necessary to separate the mixture, and the C4-C8 α-olefin and decene mixture can react in the presence of a second catalyst system to achieve C... 16- Oligomerization or metathesis products are formed in the olefin stream.

[0059] In this respect, when a mixture of decenes is reacted with at least one C 6- When α-olefins are contacted in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a second oligomerization catalyst, some metathesis products may also form. When a mixture of decenes is reacted with at least one C... 6- When α-olefins are contacted in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, some oligomerization or addition products may also form. On one hand, these reactions using a second catalyst system are likely to involve terminal olefins from a mixed decene feed stream, namely 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. On the other hand, these reactions using a second catalyst system are likely to involve terminal olefins from a mixed decene feed stream of the formula CH2=CHR, where R is an alkyl group such that only a single alkyl group is bonded to the C=C portion of the double bond, namely 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. These olefins from the mixed decene feed stream are more reactive in subsequent oligomerization and / or metathesis reactions to form C=C. 16- Olefin feed stream.

[0060] In the subsequent reaction of decene with at least one C4-C8 α-olefin in the presence of a second catalyst system, the resulting C 16-The olefin feedstock can then be hydrogenated to form C, one of the most useful components in sustainable aviation fuels. 16- Alkanes. This article provides C 16- Examples of olefin stream compositions derived from olefin addition or oligomerization with a mixture of decenes (including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene) that are more reactive to olefin addition or oligomerization. Additionally, C is also provided herein. 16- Examples of olefin feed compositions derived from olefin metathesis with a mixture of more olefin metathesis-reactive decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. In this disclosure, the combination of 4-decene and 5-decene may be simply referred to as 4- / 5-decene.

[0061] This article discloses and elaborates in detail below the olefin addition products in their C160-C2000. 16- The relative concentration or molar ratio of olefin feedstocks can vary. For example, in one aspect, the relative concentration or molar ratio of olefin addition products can reflect the relative concentration or molar ratio of decenes in the precursor mixed decene feedstock, which are mixed decenes more reactive to olefin addition or oligomerization, particularly 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. In another aspect, the relative concentration or molar ratio of olefin addition products can differ from the relative concentration of these oligomerizing or addition-reactive decenes in the precursor mixed decene feedstock. Similarly, the olefin metathesis products disclosed herein and described in detail below in their C64... 16- The relative concentrations or molar ratios of the olefin feed stream can vary. For example, in one aspect, the relative concentrations or molar ratios of the olefin metathesis products can reflect the relative concentrations or molar ratios of decenes in the precursor mixed decene feed stream, such as the more olefin metathesis reactive decenes 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. In another aspect, the relative concentrations or molar ratios of the olefin metathesis products can differ from the relative concentrations of these metathesis reactive decenes in the precursor mixed decene feed stream.

[0062] On the one hand, C is derived from the ethylene addition of a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16-The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-type olefins derived from the ethylene addition of decene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene... 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-O-derived from the ethylene addition of 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, six or seven of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene and 1-dodecene.

[0063] C is derived from ethylene with a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerization-reactive decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist essentially of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane. On the other hand, it may consist of C-type hydrocarbons derived from the addition of ethylene with decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist substantially of any combination of 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane. On the other hand, C1 derivatives derived from the ethylene addition of 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16-The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, six or seven of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane and dodecane.

[0064] On the one hand, C-type compounds derived from propylene addition with a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerization-reactive decenes such as 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene. On the other hand, C-type olefins derived from the addition of propylene to decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene... 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene. On the other hand, C-O-derived from the addition of propylene to 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, six or seven of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methylene-undecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylene-decane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylene-dodecane and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0065] C360 is derived from propylene with addition reactions to a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes, including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16-The alkane stream may comprise or consist essentially of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane. On the other hand, C-type alkane derived from propylene with addition to decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene... 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist substantially of any combination of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane. On the other hand, C-type alkane derived from the addition of propylene to 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or consist substantially of any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0066] On the one hand, C-butene derived from the addition of 1-butene with a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes such as 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-butene derived from the addition of 1-butene to decene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-butene derived from the addition of 1-butene to 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene.16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, six or seven of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0067] C is derived from 1-butene with addition reactions to a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist essentially of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane. On the other hand, it may consist of C-butene derived from the addition of 1-butene with decene-3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist substantially of any combination of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the addition of 1-butene to 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or consist substantially of any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0068] On the one hand, C-type compounds derived from the addition of 1-hexene to a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes such as 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16-The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-type olefins derived from the 1-hexene addition of decene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene... 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene. On the other hand, C-… 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, six or seven of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0069] C18 is derived from 1-hexene with a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerizing decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may comprise or consist essentially of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecane, and pentadecane. On the other hand, it may consist of C-hexene derived from the addition of 1-hexene with decene-3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16-The alkane stream may comprise or consist substantially of any combination of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecane, and pentadecane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the addition of 1-hexene to 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or consist substantially of any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0070] On the one hand, C derived from the metathesis of propylene or 2-butene of a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes such as 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of propylene with decene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene. On the other hand, C1 derived from the metathesis of propylene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0071] On the one hand, C is derived from the metathesis of propylene or 2-butene, which are more reactive with olefin metathesis, including a mixture of decenes such as 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16-The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. On the other hand, Cp is derived from the metathesis of propylene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of propylene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0072] On the one hand, C-butene metathesis derived from a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes—3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene—is a precursor to this metathesis. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-butene with decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene. On the other hand, C1 derived from the metathesis of 1-butene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0073] C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-butene, a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene) which are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane. On the other hand, it may consist of C1 derived from the metathesis of 1-butene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-butene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0074] On the one hand, C-12 is derived from the metathesis of isobutylene, a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene) that are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene. On the other hand, C2 is derived from the metathesis of isobutylene with decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene. On the other hand, C2O ... 16-The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0075] C1 is derived from the metathesis of isobutylene, a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene) which are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane. On the other hand, it may consist of C2 derived from the metathesis of isobutylene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane. On the other hand, C2 is derived from the metathesis of isobutylene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0076] On the one hand, C-derived from the 1-pentene metathesis of a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes, including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene, yields C-derived from the more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tridecene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-pentene with decene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene.16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tridecene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene. On the other hand, C1 derived from the metathesis of 1-pentene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0077] C1 derived from the metathesis of 1-pentene of a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene), which are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane. On the other hand, it may consist of C10 derived from the metathesis of 1-pentene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-pentene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0078] On the one hand, C-hexene metathesis derived from a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes, including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene, is also present. 16-The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-hexene with decene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene. On the other hand, it may contain C10 derived from the metathesis of 1-hexene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0079] C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-hexene from a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene), which are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane. On the other hand, it may consist of C1 derived from the metathesis of 1-hexene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-hexene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0080] On the one hand, C3,3-dimethyl-1-butene metathesis derived from a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes—3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene—is a precursor to this metathesis. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene. On the other hand, C3 is derived from the metathesis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene with decene 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene. On the other hand, C2 is derived from the metathesis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0081] C3, derived from the metathesis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, a mixture of decenes with greater olefin metathesis reactivity, including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16-The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane. On the other hand, it may consist of C3, derived from the metathesis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane feed stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane. On the other hand, C2 is derived from the metathesis of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0082] On the one hand, C-1-octene metathesis derived from a mixture of more olefinically metathesis-reactive decenes, including 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene, is... 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-octene with decene-3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any combination of 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene. On the other hand, it may contain C10 derived from the metathesis of 1-octene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene.16- The olefin stream may contain or may consist substantially of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0083] C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-octene, a mixture of decenes (3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene) which are more reactive with olefin metathesis. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane. On the other hand, it may consist of C1-octene derived from the metathesis of 1-octene with a mixture of decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- C generated by hydrogenation of olefin feed stream 16- The alkane stream may contain or may consist substantially of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane. On the other hand, C1 is derived from the metathesis of 1-octene with 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 16- The olefin stream may contain or be substantially composed of any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0084] Examples of the oligomerization or addition reactions and products described herein are shown below. In Scheme 1, C1 is shown, derived from the addition of 1-butene with a mixture of more addition-reactive or oligomerization-reactive decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, and 1-decene. 14 Olefins and their C 14 Hydrogenation products.

[0085] Examples of the metathesis reactions and products described herein are shown below. In Scheme 2, C1 is shown derived from the metathesis of 1-butene with a mixture of more metathesis reactive decenes: 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 1-decene, 4-decene, and 5-decene. 12- Olefins and their C 12- Hydrogenation products.

[0086] On the other hand, the methods according to this disclosure provide these novel compositions themselves.

[0087] Option 1 Option 2 First catalyst system and second catalyst system The bio-ethylene feedstock is contacted with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising a mixture of at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene. This decene mixture can be reacted with, for example, at least one C4-C8 α-olefin in the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerization catalyst or a metathesis catalyst. 6- α-olefins are further oligomerized to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream. The first catalyst system and the second catalyst system may independently contain any oligomerization catalyst. Alternatively, the first catalyst system may contain any oligomerization catalyst, and the second catalyst system may contain any metathesis catalyst.

[0088] For example, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently contain chromium-based catalysts, metallocene-based catalysts, Ziegler-Natta-based catalysts, metal oxide-supported catalysts based on group 6-10 transition metals, or combinations thereof. For example, aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following references, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: U.S. Patent Nos. 6,291,733; 8,334,420; 8,680,003; 8,791,217; 9,115,225; 9,175,109; 9,352,309; 9,708,549; 9,745,230; 9,968,921; 10,183,899; 10,240,102; 10,329,212; 10,414,698; 10,435,334; 10,435,336; 10,544,070; 10,927,052; 11,072,569; and 11,358,914. These references describe chromium-based catalysts and other catalysts that can be used in the ethylene oligomerization process described herein and can be used as a first catalyst system or a second catalyst system.

[0089] On the other hand, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently contain zirconium tungstate, zirconium molybdenum, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium tungstate, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium molybdenum catalyst, zeolite treated with Group 3 to Group 12 metals, or combinations thereof.

[0090] On the other hand, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently comprise, consist essentially of, or be selected from the following: molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (MoO3 / Al2O3), tungsten oxide / silica (WO3 / SiO2), tungsten oxide / silica-aluminum oxide (WO3 / SiO2 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide (Re2O7 / Al2O3), cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (CoO / MoO3 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide activated with tetramethyltin (Re2O7 / Al2O3 / SnMe4), or any combination thereof.

[0091] In one aspect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently comprise, substantially consist of, or be selected from the following: a chromium-based catalyst as described in detail herein. The chromium-based catalyst can form an oligomer comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene as described in detail. In another aspect, the second catalyst system may comprise a metallocene-based catalyst, a Ziegler-Natta-based catalyst, a metal oxide-supported catalyst based on Group 6-10 transition metals, or a combination thereof. For example, the chromium-based catalyst system can form an oligomer comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene, and the metallocene catalyst system can be used to add another bio-ethylene molecule to decene to form C… 12 α-olefins. Metallocene-based catalysts, Ziegler-Natta-based catalysts, and metal oxide-supported catalysts based on Group 6-10 transition metals can be used to react mixed decenes with at least one C in the presence of a second catalyst system. 6- α-Olefin oligomerization to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream.

[0092] In methods for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently further comprise a metal alkyl compound, which includes, is substantially composed of, or is composed of the following: organoaluminum compounds, organoaluminoxanes, organoboron compounds, organozinc compounds, organomagnesium compounds, organolithium compounds, or any combination thereof. For example, the metal alkyl compound comprises, is substantially composed of, or may be composed of the following general formula: a) M 3 (X 10 ) n (X 11 ) 3-n M 3 It is boron or aluminum and n is 1 to 3 including the extreme values; b) M 4 (X 10 ) n (X11 ) 2-n M 4 It is magnesium or zinc and n is 1 to 2 including the extreme values; or c)M 5 X 10 M 5 It is Li; where X is... 10 Independently hydride or C1 to C 20 hydrocarbon group; and X 11 Independently, it can be a halogen group, hydrogen group, or C1 to C2 group. 20 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 20 Hydrocarbyl oxide.

[0093] In a method for producing sustainable aviation fuel, in one aspect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently also contain hydrogen. Alternatively, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently also contain hydrogen, for example, at a partial pressure of 2 psi to 100 psi; 5 psi to 75 psi; or 10 psi to 50 psi.

[0094] Chromium-based catalyst systems In one respect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems may independently comprise or consist substantially of a chromium-based catalyst. For example, a chromium-based catalyst can provide an oligomer comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decenes described in detail in this disclosure. The decene mixture can be reacted with, for example, at least one C4-C8 α-olefin in the presence of a second catalyst system. 6- α-olefins are further oligomerized to provide C 16- The olefin feed stream, this second catalyst system can also contain a chromium-based catalyst, but other catalyst systems can be used. Chromium-based catalyst systems use combinations of catalyst components that include chromium compounds and certain heteroatom compounds called "heteroatom ligands." These heteroatom ligands can form ligands on the chromium compound itself, or they can be combined with chromium compounds that do not contain heteroatom ligands as individual components of the chromium-based catalyst.

[0095] Chromium-based catalysts may include, or may substantially consist of, the following: (a) a chromium-containing compound, (b) a heteroatom ligand, (c) a metal alkyl compound, and (d) an optional diluent. Similarly, the heteroatom ligand may be a single component of the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both, or it may be a ligand complexed with a chromium-containing compound of the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both. As an example, the heteroatom ligand may include, substantially consist of, or be selected from the following: pyrrole compounds, diphosphinoamino compounds, N...2 -Oxyphosphine-based amidine compounds or N 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds.

[0096] In one aspect of this disclosure, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may independently comprise, substantially consist of, or be selected from: (a) chromium-containing compounds, pyrrole compounds, organoaluminum compounds, and optionally halogen-containing compounds; (b) chromium-containing compounds, diphosphine amino compounds, and organoaluminum compounds; (c) chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with diphosphine amino compounds; (d) chromium-containing compounds, N... 2 -Oxyphosphine-amidine compounds and organoaluminum compounds; (e) with N 2 chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with α-phosphine-based amidine compounds; (f) chromium-containing compounds, N 2 -Oxyphosphine-formamidinium compounds, organoaluminum compounds; (g) with N 2 - Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine formamidinium compounds; or (h) any combination thereof.

[0097] According to one aspect, chromium-containing compounds may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from: chromium nitrate (II), chromium sulfate (II), chromium fluoride (II), chromium chloride (II), chromium bromide (II), or chromium iodide (II), chromium nitrate (III), chromium sulfate (III), chromium fluoride (III), chromium chloride (III), chromium bromide (III), or chromium iodide (III).

[0098] On the other hand, the chromium-containing compound can be selected from chromium(II) carboxylate, chromium(II) alkoxide, chromium(II) aryl oxide, chromium(II) β-dionate (i.e., β-diketonate), chromium(III) carboxylate, chromium(III) alkoxide, chromium(III) aryl oxide, or chromium(III) β-diketonate (i.e., β-diketonate). In one example, each carboxylate group of the chromium-containing compound can independently be C2 to C3. 24 Carboxylate group, or alternatively C4 to C5 19 Carboxylate group, or alternatively C5 to C6 12 Carboxylate group. In another example, each alkoxide group in a chromium-containing compound can independently be C1 to C2. 24 Alkyl groups, preferably C4 to C5 19 Alkoxy, or alternatively C5 to C6 12Alkyl groups. In other examples, each aryl oxide group in a chromium-containing compound can independently be C6 to C6. 24 Aryloxy group, preferably C6 to C6 19 aryloxy group, or alternatively C6 to C6. 12 Aryloxy group. Each β-dionate group in a chromium-containing compound can independently be C5 to C6. 24 β-diketone group, preferably C5 to C6 19 β-diketone group, or alternatively C5 to C6. 12 β-Diketone group.

[0099] According to one aspect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may independently contain chromium carboxylate comprising or substantially comprising the following: acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, hexanoate, heptanoate, octanoate, nonanoate, decanoate, undecanoate, dodecanoate, tridecanoate, tetradecanoate, pentadecanoate, hexadecanoate, heptadecanate, or octadecanoate. The first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may also independently contain chromium carboxylate, wherein each carboxylate group of the chromium carboxylate is independently selected from acetate, propionate, n-butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate (n-valerate), neovalerate, hexanoate (n-hexanoate), n-heptanoate, octanoate (n-octanoate), 2-ethylhexanoate, n-nonanoate, decanoate (n-decanoate), n-undecanoate, laurate (n-dodecanoate), or stearate (n-octadecanoate).

[0100] Chromium carboxylate is a useful chromium compound. For example, a first catalyst system, a second catalyst system, or both may independently contain, consist of, or be selected from, chromium carboxylate: chromium acetate (II), chromium propionate (II), chromium butyrate (II), chromium isobutyrate (II), chromium neopentanoate (II), chromium oxalate (II), chromium octanoate (II), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (II), chromium laurate (II), or chromium stearate (II), chromium acetate (III), chromium propionate (III), chromium butyrate (III), chromium isobutyrate (III), chromium neopentanoate (III), chromium oxalate (III), chromium octanoate (III), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (III), chromium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedione (III), chromium naphthenate (III), chromium laurate (III), or chromium stearate (III).

[0101] heteroatom ligands The heteroatom ligands in the chromium-based catalyst systems described herein can be combined with chromium compounds as a standalone component of the chromium-based catalyst, or the heteroatom ligands can constitute ligands on the chromium compound itself. In one aspect, the heteroatom ligands can include, can be substantially composed of, or can be: amine compounds, amide compounds, imide compounds, or combinations thereof. For example, the heteroatom ligands can include, can be substantially composed of, or can be: (a) C2 to C 30 Amine; alternatively, C2 to C 20 Amine; alternatively, C2 to C 15 Amine; or alternatively, C2 to C 10 (a) Amine; (b) C3 to C 30 Amide; alternatively, C3 to C 20 Amide; alternatively, C3 to C 15 Amide; or alternatively, C3 to C4 10 Amide; or (c) C4 to C 30 Imide; alternatively, C4 to C 20 Imide; alternatively, C4 to C 15 Imide; or alternatively, C4 to C 10 Imide.

[0102] On the other hand, heteroatom ligands may include, may consist substantially of, or may be: pyrrole compounds, diphosphinoamine compounds, N... 2 -Oxyphosphine-based amidine compounds, N 2 -Ophosphine-formamidinium compounds or combinations thereof. For example, heteroatom ligands may include, may consist substantially of, or may be: (a) any pyrrole compound that can form a chromium pyrrolide complex; (b) pyrrole (C5H5N), pyrrole derivatives (e.g., indole), substituted pyrrole, or metal pyrrolide compounds; or (c) pyrrole or any hetero- or homo-coordinated metal complex or salt containing a pyrrole group or ligand; or (b) C4 to C 30 Pyrrole; alternatively, C4 to C 20 Pyrrole; alternatively, C4 to C 15 Pyrrole; or alternatively, C4 to C 10 Pyrrole.

[0103] On the other hand, heteroatom ligands may include pyrrole compounds having the formula P1 or I1, and may consist substantially of or be composed of such pyrrole compounds: Where: R in equation P1 2p R 3pR 4p and R 5p and R of Equation I1 2i R 3i R 4i R 5i R 6i and R 7i They can be independently: Hydrogen, C1 to C 18 Organic groups, C1 to C 18 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 60 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C 15 Organic groups, C1 to C 15 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 45 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C 10 Organic groups, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 30 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C5 organic groups, C1 to C5 hydrocarbon groups, or C3 to C5 organic groups. 15 Silicylates.

[0104] For example, R in equation P1 2p R 3p R 4p and R 5p and R of Equation I1 2i R 3i R 4i R 5i R 6i and R 7i They can be independently: hydrogen or C1 to C 18 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C2. 15 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C2. 10 Hydrocarbon group; or alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group.

[0105] On the other hand, pyrrole compounds may include, may consist substantially of, or may be the following: pyrrole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyrrole, 2-methyl-5-propylpyrrole, 2,5-diethylpyrrole, 3,4-dimethylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-propylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-butylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-pentylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-hexylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-heptylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-octylpyrrole, 2,5- Dibenzylpyrrole, 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole, 2,3,5-triethylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-butylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-pentylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-hexylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-heptylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-octylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetraethylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetra-n-butylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetra-n-hexylpyrrole, 2,5-bis(2',2',2'-trifluoroethyl) Pyrrole, 2,5-bis(2'-methoxymethyl)pyrrole, 2-methyl-4-isopropylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-isopropylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-sec-butylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-sec-butylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-isobutylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-isobutylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-tert-butylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-tert-butylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-neopentylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-neopentylpyrrole, 3,4-diisopropylpyrrole, 3,4-di- sec-butylpyrrole, 3,4-diisobutylpyrrole, 3,4-di-tert-butylpyrrole, 3,4-di-neopentylpropylpyrrole, tetrahydroindole, dipyrrolidomethane, indole, 3,4-dichloropyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloropyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-acetylpyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, 3-acetyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole, ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-pyrrole-propionate or ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid ester.

[0106] According to another aspect of the heteroatom ligand, the pyrrole compound may include, may consist substantially of, or may be: (a) a metal pyrrole, such as an alkyl metal pyrrole; (b) any organoaluminum pyrrole of pyrrole provided herein; (c) diethylaluminum 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, ethylaluminum di(2,5-dimethylpyrrole), aluminum tri(2,5-dimethylpyrrole), or combinations thereof.

[0107] Heteroatom ligands may also include diphosphinoamine compounds (i.e., compounds containing PNP (phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus) bonds), and may consist substantially of or be composed of such diphosphinoamine compounds. For example, heteroatom ligands may include a diphosphinoamine moiety having the structure PNP2, and may consist substantially of or be composed of such a diphosphinoamine moiety. ; PNP2 Where R 1n R 2n R 3n R 4n and / or R 5n Independently, it can be: (a) C1 to C 30 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 20 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 15 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Organic groups; or alternatively, C1 to C5 organic groups; (b) C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups 30 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 20 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 15 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 10 Organic groups; or alternatively, C1 to C5 organic groups containing inert functional groups; (c) C1 to C 30 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 20 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 15 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or alternatively, C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (d) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; (e) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 20 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (f) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C620 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 10 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl; or (g) Substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 20 Alkyl, C5 to C 20 cycloalkyl or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups; Any substituent therein is independently selected from C1 to C2. 10 Hydrocarbon group.

[0108] In the PNP2 structure, the R of the diphosphine amino group 1n and R 2n and / or R 3n and R 4n They can be bonded to form a ring containing phosphorus atoms of a diphosphine amino moiety. For example, the R of the diphosphine amino moiety 1n and R 5n Or R 4n and R 5n They can be bonded to form a ring containing phosphorus and nitrogen atoms of a diphosphine amino moiety.

[0109] Heteroatom ligands may also include, may consist essentially of, or may be: N having the structure NPF1 2 -Oxyphosphine-formamidin compounds or N having the structure NPA1 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds: R within structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently: (a)(i) C1 to C 30 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30 Organic groups or C1 to C 30 (ii) C1 to C 20 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 20 Organic groups or C1 to C 20 (iii) C1 to C 15 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 15 Organic groups or C1 to C 15 (iv) C1 to C 10Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 10 Organic groups or C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or (v) C1 to C5 organic group, C1 to C5 organic group consisting essentially of inert functional groups or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (b) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; or (c) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 20 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (d) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 20 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted phenyl; or (e) Benzyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 20 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 15 Substituted benzyl; or alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted benzyl group.

[0110] Given the heteroatom ligands disclosed herein and, on the other hand, with N 2 Chromium-containing compounds complexed with phosphine-formamidinium compounds or with N 2 Chromium-containing compounds complexed with α-phosphine-amidinium compounds have the following structures: Where X is an anionic ligand with p = 2 to 6, and Q is a neutral ligand (such as a nitrile or ether ligand), and q It is 0 to 6; and R in structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently: (a)(i) C1 to C 30 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30Organic groups or C1 to C 30 (ii) C1 to C 20 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 20 Organic groups or C1 to C 20 (iii) C1 to C 15 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 15 Organic groups or C1 to C 15 (iv) C1 to C 10 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 10 Organic groups or C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or (v) C1 to C5 organic group, C1 to C5 organic group consisting essentially of inert functional groups or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (b) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; or (c) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 20 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (d) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 20 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted phenyl; or (e) Benzyl or C6 to C6 30 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 20 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 15 Substituted benzyl; or alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted benzyl group.

[0111] On the other hand, R 1 It is C1 to C 15 Alkyl, C4 to C 20 cycloalkyl, C4 to C 20 Substituted cycloalkyl, C6 to C 20 Aryl or C6 to C 20 Substituted aryl; R 2It is composed primarily of C1 to C1 groups of inert functional groups. 30 Organic groups, wherein the inert functional groups are selected from halogen groups, nitro groups, hydrocarboxy groups, sulfidyl groups, hydrocarbon groups, or combinations thereof; R 3 It is hydrogen, R 4 and R 5 Each of the C1 to C1 groups is independently composed of essentially inert functional groups. 30 Organic groups, wherein the inert functional groups are selected from halogen groups, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, thioether groups, hydrocarbon groups, or combinations thereof.

[0112] In any heteroatom ligand disclosed herein, any substituent of the substituted group may be selected from: (a) a halogen, alkyl, or alkyloxy group; alternatively, a halogen or alkyl group; (b) C1 to C2. 10 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 10 Hydroxyl group; alternatively, halogenated group or C1 to C2 group. 10 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, halogenated group or C1 to C2 group. 10 Hydroxyl group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 10 alkyl group; alternatively, halogen group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydroxyl group.

[0113] Organoaluminum compounds In methods for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may independently further comprise a metallic alkyl compound, which may include an organoaluminum compound, such as a trialkylaluminum compound or an organoaluminum oxane. For example, the organoaluminum compound may include, substantially consist of, or be selected from: triorganoaluminum compounds, diorganoaluminum halides, organoaluminum dihalides, diorganoaluminum alkoxides, organoaluminum diols, aluminum oxanes, or combinations thereof. In one aspect, the organoaluminum compound may have the general formula Al(R) 10 ) n (X 11 ) 3-n Where: n is 1 to 3 including end values; each R 10 Independently for C1 to C 20 hydrocarbon group; and X 11 Independently, it can be a halogen group, hydrogen group, or C1 to C2 group. 20 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 20Hydroxyl groups. For example, organoaluminum compounds may include, consist of, consist essentially of, or be selected from: trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride, diethylaluminum ethoxide, diethylaluminum chloride, or any combination thereof.

[0114] On the other hand, organoaluminum compounds may include, substantially consist of, or be selected from, aluminum oxane compounds. For example, organoaluminum compounds may include, substantially consist of, or be selected from, at least one aluminum oxane compound, wherein the aluminum oxane comprises having the formula... Cyclic aluminum oxanes, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 3 to about 10; having the formula A straight-chain aluminum oxane, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to about 50; having the formula R t 5m+α R b m-α Al 4m O 3m cage-like aluminum oxanes, among which m It is 3 or 4 and α = n Al(3) - n O(2) + n O(4) ;in n Al(3) It is the number of tricoordinated aluminum atoms. n O(2) It is the number of dicoordinated oxygen atoms. n O(4) It is the number of tetracoordinated oxygen atoms, R t Indicates a terminal alkyl group, and R b The term "bridged alkyl" indicates that R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; or any combination thereof. On the other hand, organoaluminum compounds may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from the following: having the formula (R... C -Al-O) t Or R C (R C -Al-O) t Al(R C )2 aluminum oxane, wherein R C It is a straight-chain or branched C1-C6 alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, wherein t is an integer from 1 to 50 including the end value, or t is an integer from 2 to 20.

[0115] Examples of organoaluminoxane compounds may include, but are not limited to, the following. In one aspect, organoaluminum compounds may include, consist substantially of, or be selected from: methylaluminoxane (MAO), ethylaluminoxane, modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) (such as isobutyl-modified methylaluminoxane), n-propylaluminoxane, isopropylaluminoxane, n-butylaluminoxane, tert-butylaluminoxane, sec-butylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, tert-butylaluminoxane, 1-pentylaluminoxane, 2-pentylaluminoxane, 3-pentylaluminoxane, isopentylaluminoxane, neopentylaluminoxane, or any combination thereof.

[0116] diluent As described herein, chromium-based catalysts may comprise or substantially consist of: (a) chromium-containing compounds, (b) heteroatom ligands, (c) metal alkyl compounds, and (d) optional diluents. Other catalyst systems described herein may optionally include diluents if at least a portion of the reaction process is carried out in solution or slurry. Thus, in one aspect, the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both may independently include diluents. For example, diluents may comprise, substantially consist of, or be selected from: hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof. In another aspect, diluents may comprise, substantially consist of, or be selected from: cyclic diluents, acyclic diluents, or combinations thereof. In yet another aspect, diluents may comprise, substantially consist of, or be selected from: linear diluents, branched diluents, or combinations thereof.

[0117] The diluents used according to this disclosure may also include, substantially consist of, or be selected from, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof. For example, the diluent may include, substantially consist of, or be selected from, C3 to C8 straight-chain or branched acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C8... 10 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C 15 Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C 10 Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C5 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C 20 Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C 10 Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons or combinations thereof.

[0118] On the other hand, a diluent may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from, propane, isobutane, n-butane, butane (n-butane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C4 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), pentane (n-pentane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C5 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), hexane (n-hexane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C6 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), heptane (n-heptane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C7 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), octane (n-octane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C8 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene (including o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene or mixtures thereof), ethylbenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene or combinations thereof, these substances representing examples of suitable diluents.

[0119] oligomerization conditions In the method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to this disclosure, the oligomerization conditions can be varied depending on the olefin feed stream, catalyst, etc. On one hand, contact between the bioethylene feed and the first catalyst system can be carried out at the following total pressures: 0 psig (0 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 0 psig (kPa) to 1,600 psig (11.0 MPa); alternatively, 0 psig (kPa) to 1,500 psig (10.4 MPa); alternatively, 50 psig (344 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 100 psig (689 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 150 psig (1.0 MPa) to 2,000 psig (13.8 MPa); or alternatively, 300 psig (2.0 MPa) to 900 psig (6.2 MPa). On the other hand, contacting the bioethylene feed with the first catalyst system can be carried out at the following bioethylene feed pressures: 0 psig (0 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 50 psig (344 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 100 psig (689 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); or alternatively, 150 psig (1.0 MPa) to 2,000 psig (13.8 MPa).

[0120] Contacting the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system can be carried out at any temperature that affects the desired oligomerization reaction. For example, contacting the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system can be carried out at the following temperatures: at least 0°C; alternatively, at least 10°C; alternatively, at least 20°C; alternatively, at least 30°C; alternatively, at least 40°C; alternatively, at least 50°C; alternatively, at least 60°C; alternatively, at least 70°C; alternatively, at least 80°C; alternatively, at least 90°C; alternatively, at least 100°C; alternatively, at least 110°C; alternatively, at least 120°C; alternatively, at least 130°C; alternatively, at least 140°C; alternatively, at least 150°C; alternatively, at least 160°C; alternatively, at least 170°C; or alternatively, at least 180°C. The step of contacting the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system can be carried out at the following temperatures: below 180°C; alternatively, below 160°C; alternatively, below 140°C; alternatively, below 120°C; alternatively, below 100°C; alternatively, below 90°C; or alternatively, below 80°C.

[0121] In other respects, contact between the bio-ethylene feedstock and the first catalyst system can be carried out at temperatures within the following ranges: 0°C to 180°C; alternatively, 10°C to 160°C; alternatively, 20°C to 140°C; alternatively, 30°C to 120°C; alternatively, 40°C to 100°C; alternatively, 50°C to 100°C; or alternatively, 60°C to 140°C.

[0122] Bioethanol and Bioethanol Dehydration to Bioethylene According to this disclosure, bioethanol produced by any method can be used. Bioethanol (including fuel ethanol for blending with gasoline) is primarily produced by fermenting cereal starch and sugars from sources such as corn, sorghum, and barley. Other feedstocks for bioethanol production include agricultural residues such as corn stalks, rice straw, and grasses (such as switchgrass), and ethanol from these sources is also called cellulosic ethanol because it originates from lignocellulosic biomass. Microorganisms, such as yeasts (e.g., species of the genus *Saccharomyces*), can be used to produce ethanol via sugar fermentation, which is extracted directly from sources such as sugarcane and beet juice or obtained via the hydrolysis of starchy materials such as corn and cereals. Bacteria (e.g., species of the genus *Zymomonas*) and molds (e.g., species of the genus *Mucor*) can also be used to produce bioethanol. The ethanol produced in this way can then be separated by distillation.

[0123] The gas obtained from biomass feedstocks is primarily a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, with trace amounts of other gases. This biosynthetic gas can be produced through the thermal gasification (in a gasifier) ​​of various organic feedstocks. This biosynthetic gas can also be referred to as biosynthetic gas or bioSNG.

[0124] On one hand, bioethanol according to this disclosure can be produced from starch-based, sugar-based, or cellulosic feedstocks, or from a biosynthetic gas-to-ethanol process. For example, bioethanol can be produced by fermenting sugars derived from starch-based or sugar-based feedstocks. Bioethanol can also be produced by fermenting carbohydrates derived from starch-based, sugar-based, or cellulosic feedstocks. Suitable starch-based feedstocks include, for example, barley, cassava root, corn, potato, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat, rye, or any combination thereof. On the other hand, suitable sugar-based feedstocks can include sugarcane, sugar beets, sweet sorghum, molasses, fruit, or any combination thereof.

[0125] Bioethanol can also be produced from starch-based feedstocks by a method involving enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch-based feedstocks to produce sugars, followed by yeast fermentation of the sugars. Alternatively, bioethanol can be produced from cellulosic feedstocks. In this regard, cellulosic feedstocks may include or be selected from the following: corn stalks, wheat stalks, sugar cane bagasse, switchgrass, or sawdust, or any combination thereof.

[0126] The dehydration of bioethanol to produce bioethylene can be achieved by simply contacting bioethanol with a dehydration catalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of bioethylene. For example, the dehydration of bioethanol can include passing liquid ethanol through a bed containing a dehydration catalyst. The method may also include regenerating the dehydration catalyst by heating the used catalyst at atmospheric or reduced pressure.

[0127] In one aspect, dehydration catalysts that can convert biomass ethanol to bioethylene may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from, the following: alumina, silica gel, silica-alumina, crystalline silicates, dealaluminated crystalline silicates, phosphorus-modified crystalline silicates, zeolites, molecular sieves, or anhydrous calcium sulfate, or combinations thereof. In another aspect, dehydration catalysts may include, consist essentially of, or be selected from, the following: lanthanum-modified H-ZSM catalysts, ZSM-5 / SAPO-34 composites, mordenite zeolite catalysts, microsphere SAPO-34 catalysts, phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalysts, lanthanum-phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalysts, gallium-modified zeolites, gallium-modified SAPO-11, gallium-modified HZSM-5, ZSM-based catalysts, heteropolyacid catalysts, or supported heteropolyacid catalysts. For example, in one aspect, the dehydration catalyst may include, consist essentially of, or may be: ZSM-5 zeolite, which, relative to the weight of the catalyst, contains 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% lanthanum and 0.01 wt% to 1 wt% phosphorus, wherein the molar ratio of silica to alumina of ZSM-5 is, for example, 20 to 45.

[0128] Hydrogenation of mixed decene and other olefin feed streams The hydrogenation of olefins is well known, and any hydrogenation catalyst can be used to mix decene and C. 16- In the hydrogenation of olefin streams and other olefin streams. For example, in one aspect, the hydrogenation catalyst may include, consist essentially of, or be composed of: nickel or nickel-containing hydrogenation catalysts, platinum or platinum-containing hydrogenation catalysts, or palladium or palladium-containing hydrogenation catalysts.

[0129] The hydrogenation catalyst may include, substantially consist of, or may be: (a) a heterogeneous catalyst selected from Group 8-12 metals deposited on a support selected from carbon, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, or calcium carbonate; or (b) a homogeneous catalyst selected from: (i) a Ziegler catalyst comprising an organosalt of a Group 6-10 metal and an organoaluminum compound; or (ii) a coordination compound of Ru, Rh, or Ir; or (iii) a Group 4 metal organometallic compound. In this respect: (a) the Group 8-12 metal of the heterogeneous catalyst may be selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, or Pt; (b) the Group 6-10 metal of the homogeneous catalyst may be selected from Ni, Co, Fe, or Cr; or (c) the Group 4 metal organometallic compound may be selected from Group 4 metallocene compounds. For example, in embodiments, the hydrogenation catalyst may include one or more metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, or tungsten.

[0130] This disclosure The invention has been described above with reference to many aspects, embodiments, statements, and specific examples. Many variations will occur to those skilled in the art based on the above specific descriptions. All such obvious variations are within the full scope of the appended claims. Other aspects of the invention may include, but are not limited to, the following. Unless otherwise stated, aspects described as “comprising” certain components or steps may also be “substantially composed of those components or steps” or “consisting of those components or steps.”

[0131] Aspect 1. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feed with a first catalyst system containing a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product containing at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) (i) In the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, the decene mixture is reacted with at least one C 6- α-olefin contact, or (ii) in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (e) In the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16 Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16 Alkanes; and (f) Using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0132] Aspect 2. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feed with a first catalyst system containing a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product containing at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) In the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, the decene mixture is reacted with at least one C 6- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (e) In the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16 Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16 Alkanes; and (f) Using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0133] Aspect 3. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feed with a first catalyst system containing a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product containing at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) In the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, the decene mixture is reacted with at least one C 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (e) In the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16 Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16 Alkanes; and (f) Using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0134] Aspect 4. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feed with a first catalyst system containing a first oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product containing at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) Hydrogenating the decene mixture in the presence of a second hydrogenation catalyst to provide a decane mixture; and (e) Using the decane mixture as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuel.

[0135] Aspect 5. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feed with a first catalyst system containing a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomerizing product comprising at least one C4-C6 α-olefin or at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene. (c) Contacting the oligomer with a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst or a metathesis catalyst to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (d) In the presence of a first hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; and (e) Using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

[0136] Aspect 6. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the at least one C 6- α-olefins include, are substantially composed of, or consist of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, or 1-hexene or combinations thereof; or alternatively, ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene or combinations thereof.

[0137] Aspect 7. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 or 3, wherein the at least one C 8- α-olefins include, are substantially composed of, or consist of propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof; or alternatively, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof.

[0138] Aspect 8. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 4, wherein using the decane mixture as a component for forming sustainable aviation fuel comprises mixing the decane mixture with C 16- Alkanes and / or cycloalkanes are blended to obtain sustainable aviation fuels.

[0139] Aspect 9. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the at least one C4-C8 α-olefin comprises 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or any combination thereof.

[0140] Aspect 10. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 5, wherein the steps of contacting the bioethylene feed with the first catalyst system and contacting the oligomer with the second catalyst system are carried out in the same reactor.

[0141] Aspect 11. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 5, wherein the steps of contacting the bioethylene feed with the first catalyst system and contacting the oligomer with the second catalyst system are carried out in separate reactors.

[0142] Aspect 12. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3 and 5 to 11, wherein C 16- Alkanes include C 16- just Alkanes, C 16- different Alkanes or mixtures thereof.

[0143] Aspect 13. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3 and 5 to 11, wherein C 16- Alkanes include C 12 To C 16 just Alkanes, C 12 To C 16 different Alkanes or mixtures thereof.

[0144] Aspect 14. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the step of providing bioethylene feedstock comprises: [1] Converting starch-based, sugar-based, or cellulose-based feedstocks into bioethanol; and [2] The biomass ethanol is dehydrated to provide bioethylene feed.

[0145] Aspect 15. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel or its components are not further purified.

[0146] Aspect 16. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel or its components are further purified.

[0147] Aspect 17. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel or a component thereof is blended with non-sustainable aviation fuel.

[0148] Aspect 18. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the oligomer comprises 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or any combination thereof.

[0149] Aspect 19. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the oligomer product further comprises octene, dodecene, tetradecene, or any combination thereof.

[0150] Aspect 20. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 19, wherein all of the bioethylene feedstock is derived from the dehydration of the bioethanol.

[0151] Aspect 21. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 19, wherein a portion of the bioethylene feedstock is derived from the dehydration of the bioethanol.

[0152] Aspect 22. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel is certified to meet CORSIA sustainability standards in accordance with the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) International Aviation Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme (CORSIA) certification system.

[0153] Aspect 23. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel is certified as LCAF according to the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) Low Carbon Aviation Fuel (LCAF) certification system.

[0154] Aspect 24. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 22 to 23, wherein the certification is based on the weight or proportion of the sustainable aviation fuel attributable to the biomass ethanol, the weight or proportion being determined by a mass balance and free attribution method.

[0155] Aspect 25. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein the oligomer contains at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of 1-hexene.

[0156] Aspect 26. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein the oligomer contains at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of 1-octene.

[0157] Aspect 27. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein the oligomer comprises at least 60 mol%; at least 65 mol%; at least 70 mol%; at least 75 mol%; at least 80 mol%; at least 85 mol%; at least 90 mol%; or at least 95 mol% of a combination of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

[0158] Aspect 28. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer comprises at least 70% by weight of hexene; at least 75% by weight of hexene; at least 80% by weight of hexene; at least 85% by weight of hexene; or at least 90% by weight of hexene.

[0159] Aspect 29. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer comprises 70% to 99.8% hexene; 75% to 99.7% hexene; or alternatively, 80% to 99.6% hexane.

[0160] Aspect 30. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer comprises at least 70% by weight octene; at least 75% by weight octene; at least 80% by weight octene; at least 85% by weight octene; or at least 90% by weight octene.

[0161] Aspect 31. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24, wherein, based on the weight of the oligomer, the oligomer comprises 70% to 99.8% octene; 75% to 99.7% octene; or 80% to 99.6% octene.

[0162] Aspect 32. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 31, wherein the oligomer comprises the mixture of decenes at a concentration of at least 0.5 mol; at least 1 mol; at least 2 mol; at least 3 mol; at least 4 mol; at least 5 mol; at least 6 mol; at least 8 mol; at least 10 mol; at least 12 mol; or at least 15 mol.

[0163] Aspect 33. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 32, wherein the bioethylene feed is contacted with the first catalyst system under conditions in which at least 0.2 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 12 wt%, or at least 15 wt% of the oligomer product comprises the decene mixture.

[0164] Aspect 34. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 33, wherein the oligomer comprises the mixture of decenes having a concentration of less than 40 mol; less than 35 mol; less than 30 mol; less than 25 mol; less than 20 mol; less than 15 mol; less than 10 mol; or less than 5 mol.

[0165] Aspect 35. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 34, wherein the bioethylene feed is contacted with the first catalyst system under conditions in which less than 5 wt%, less than 7 wt%, less than 10 wt%, less than 12 wt%, less than 15 wt%, less than 18 wt%, or less than 20 wt% of the oligomer product comprises the decene mixture.

[0166] Aspect 36. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 35, wherein the decene mixture comprises 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 4-decene, 5-decene, or any combination thereof.

[0167] Aspect 37. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 36, wherein the decene mixture comprises at least 76 mol%, at least 78 mol%, at least 80 mol%, or at least 82 mol% of C. 10 Monoolefins.

[0168] Aspect 38. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 37, wherein the decene mixture comprises 76 mol% to 95 mol% C 10 Monoolefins; 78 mol% to 90 mol% C 10 Mono-olefin; 80 mol% to 88 mol% C 10 Mono-olefin; or 82 mol% to 86 mol% C 10 Monoolefins.

[0169] Aspect 39. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 38, wherein the oligomer further comprises C 9- Monoolefins, C11+ Monoolefins or combinations thereof.

[0170] Aspect 40. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 39, wherein C 10 The monoolefin comprises: (a) at least 3 mol%, at least 4 mol%, at least 5 mol%, at least 6 mol%, at least 7 mol%, or at least 8 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene; (b) at least 8 mol%, at least 9 mol%, at least 10 mol%, at least 11 mol%, at least 12 mol%, or at least 13 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene; (c) at least 6 mol%, at least 7 mol%, at least 8 mol%, at least 9 mol%, at least 10 mol%, or at least 11 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene; and (d) at least 20 mol%, at least 22 mol%, at least 24 mol%, at least 26 mol%, at least 28 mol%, or at least 30 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene.

[0171] Aspect 41. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 40, wherein C 10 The monoolefin comprises 3 mol% to 20 mol%, 4 mol% to 18 mol%, 5 mol% to 17 mol%, 6 mol% to 16 mol%, or 7 mol% to 15 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene.

[0172] Aspect 42. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 41, wherein C 10 The monoolefin comprises 10 mol% to 32 mol%, 11 mol% to 30 mol%, 12 mol% to 28 mol%, 13 mol% to 26 mol%, or 14 mol% to 24 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene.

[0173] Aspect 43. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 42, wherein C 10 The monoolefin comprises 7 mol% to 25 mol%, 8 mol% to 24 mol%, 9 mol% to 23 mol%, 10 mol% to 22 mol%, or 11 mol% to 21 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene.

[0174] Aspect 44. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 43, wherein C 10 The monoolefin comprises 24 mol% to 52 mol%, 26 mol% to 50 mol%, 28 mol% to 48 mol%, 30 mol% to 46 mol%, or 32 mol% to 44 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene.

[0175] Aspect 45. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 37 to 44, wherein C 10 Monoolefins possess any of the following characteristics: (a) The molar ratio of 2-butyl-1-hexene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 2:1, at least 2.4:1, at least 2.6:1, or at least 2.8:1; (b) The molar ratio of 3-propyl-1-heptene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.2:1, at least 1.4:1, at least 1.6:1, or at least 1.8:1; (c) The molar ratio of 4-ethyl-1-octene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.6:1, at least 1.7:1, at least 1.9:1, or at least 2.1:1; (d) The molar ratio of 2-butyl-1-hexene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 2:1, at least 2.4:1, at least 2.6:1, or at least 2.8:1; (e) The molar ratio of 3-propyl-1-heptene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.2:1, at least 1.4:1, at least 1.6:1, or at least 1.8:1; (f) The molar ratio of 4-ethyl-1-octene to 5-methyl-1-nonene is at least 1.6:1, at least 1.7:1, at least 1.9:1, or at least 2.1:1; or (g) Any combination thereof.

[0176] Aspect 46. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 45, wherein the oligomer contains at least 1 mol%, at least 2 mol%, at least 3 mol%, or at least 4 mol% of C. 14 Monoolefins.

[0177] Aspect 47. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 45, wherein the oligomer contains 1 mol% to 12 mol% C 14 Mono-olefin; 2 mol% to 10 mol% C 14 Mono-olefins; 3 mol% to 8 mol% C 14 Mono-olefin; or 4 mol% to 7 mol% C 14 Monoolefins.

[0178] Aspect 48. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the oligomer product comprises: (a) 0.1 mol% to 5 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 4 mol%, or 0.5 mol% to 3 mol% of a C8 monoolefin, wherein the C8 monoolefin comprises at least 95 mol% of 1-octene; (b) 0.1 mol% to 5 mol%, 0.25 mol% to 4 mol%, or 0.5 mol% to 3 mol% of C 12 Monoolefin, wherein the C 12 Monoolefins contain 54 mol% to 74 mol% of 1-dodecene; (c) 0.05 mol% to 2 mol%, 0.04 mol% to 1.5 mol%, 0.06 mol% to 1.25 mol%, 0.08 mol% to 1 mol%, or 0.1 mol% to 0.75 mol% of C 16 Monoolefins and / or C 18 Monoolefins; or (d) or any combination thereof.

[0179] Aspect 49. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the decene mixture contains at least 95 mol% C 10 Monoolefin, and C 10 The monoolefin comprises: (a) at least 3 mol% of 2-butyl-1-hexene; (b) at least 10 mol% of 3-propyl-1-heptene; (c) at least 7 mol% of 4-ethyl-1-octene; and (d) at least 24 mol% of 5-methyl-1-nonene.

[0180] Aspect 50. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 49, wherein the decene mixture comprises linear C including or substantially consisting of the following. 10 Mono-olefins: 1-decene, 4-decene, 5-decene, or combinations thereof.

[0181] Aspect 51. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0182] Aspect 52. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0183] Aspect 53. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0184] Aspect 54. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0185] Aspect 55. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0186] Aspect 56. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0187] Aspect 57. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0188] Aspect 58. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0189] Aspect 59. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methylene-undecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylene-decane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylene-dodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0190] Aspect 60. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0191] Aspect 61. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0192] Aspect 62. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0193] Aspect 63. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-The olefin stream contains 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0194] Aspect 64. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0195] Aspect 65. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0196] Aspect 66. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0197] Aspect 67. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0198] Aspect 68. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0199] Aspect 69. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0200] Aspect 70. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0201] Aspect 71. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0202] Aspect 72. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0203] Aspect 73. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0204] Aspect 74. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, six, or seven of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0205] Aspect 75. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0206] Aspect 76. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0207] Aspect 77. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0208] Aspect 78. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0209] Aspect 79. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any combination of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0210] Aspect 80. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0211] Aspect 81. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0212] Aspect 82. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0213] Aspect 83. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0214] Aspect 84. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0215] Aspect 85. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0216] Aspect 86. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0217] Aspect 87. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0218] Aspect 88. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0219] Aspect 89. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0220] Aspect 90. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0221] Aspect 91. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0222] Aspect 92. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0223] Aspect 93. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0224] Aspect 94. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0225] Aspect 95. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tridecene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0226] Aspect 96. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0227] Aspect 97. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0228] Aspect 98. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0229] Aspect 99. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0230] Aspect 100. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0231] Aspect 101. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0232] Aspect 102. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0233] Aspect 103. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0234] Aspect 104. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0235] Aspect 105. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-The olefin stream contains 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0236] Aspect 106. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0237] Aspect 107. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0238] Aspect 108. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0239] Aspect 109. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0240] Aspect 110. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0241] Aspect 111. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0242] Aspect 112. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any combination of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0243] Aspect 113. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- The olefin stream contains any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyl-6-tridecene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tridecene.

[0244] Aspect 114. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecanane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0245] Aspect 115. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16- Alkanes include any combination of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0246] Aspect 116. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 1 to 50, wherein C 16-Alkanes include any three, four, five, or six of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0247] Aspect 117. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise a chromium-based catalyst, a metallocene-based catalyst, a Ziegler-Natta-based catalyst, a metal oxide-supported catalyst based on group 6-10 transition metals, or a combination thereof.

[0248] Aspect 118. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system and the second catalyst system independently comprise zirconium tungstate, zirconium molybdenum, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium tungstate, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium molybdenum catalyst, zeolite treated with Group 3 to Group 12 metals, or combinations thereof.

[0249] Aspect 119. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (MoO3 / Al2O3), tungsten oxide / silica (WO3 / SiO2), tungsten oxide / silica-aluminum oxide (WO3 / SiO2 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide (Re2O7 / Al2O3), cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (CoO / MoO3 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide activated with tetramethyltin (Re2O7 / Al2O3 / SnMe4), or any combination thereof.

[0250] Aspect 120. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise a metal alkyl compound selected from: organoaluminum compounds, organoaluminoxanes, organoboron compounds, organozinc compounds, organomagnesium compounds, organolithium compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0251] Aspect 121. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise a metal alkyl compound having the following general formula: (a) M 3 (X 10 ) n (X 11 ) 3-n M 3It is either boron or aluminum and n is 1 to 3, including the end values; (b) M 4 (X 10 ) n (X 11 ) 2-n M 4 It is magnesium or zinc and n is 1 to 2 including the extreme values; or (c) M 5 X 10 ; Where M 5 It is Li; where X is... 10 Independently hydrogen ions or C1 to C 20 hydrocarbon group; and X 11 Independently, it can be a halogen group, hydrogen group, or C1 to C2 group. 20 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 20 Hydroxyl group.

[0252] Aspect 122. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems further comprises hydrogen.

[0253] Aspect 123. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems further comprises hydrogen gas at a partial pressure of 2 psi to 100 psi; 5 psi to 75 psi; or 10 psi to 50 psi.

[0254] Aspect 124. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise, substantially consist of, or are selected from the following: a chromium-based catalyst.

[0255] Aspect 125. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 117 to 124, wherein the chromium-based catalyst comprises or is substantially composed of: (a) a chromium-containing compound, (b) a heteroatom ligand, (c) a metal alkyl compound and (d) an optional diluent.

[0256] Aspect 126. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 125, wherein the heteroatom ligand is a single component of the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems, or wherein the heteroatom ligand is complexed with the chromium-containing compound of the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems.

[0257] Aspect 127. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise, substantially consist of, or are selected from the following: (a) Chromium-containing compounds, pyrrole compounds, organoaluminum compounds and optionally halogen-containing compounds; (b) Chromium-containing compounds, diphosphine amino compounds, and organoaluminum compounds; (c) Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with diphosphine amino compounds; (d) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 α-phosphine-amidine compounds and organoaluminum compounds; (e) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-amidine compounds; (f) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 β-phosphine-formamidinium compounds, organoaluminum compounds; (g) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-formamidinium compounds; or (h) Any combination of them.

[0258] Aspect 128. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 127, wherein the chromium-containing compound is selected from chromium nitrate (II), chromium sulfate (II), chromium fluoride (II), chromium chloride (II), chromium bromide (II), or chromium iodide (II), chromium nitrate (III), chromium sulfate (III), chromium fluoride (III), chromium chloride (III), chromium bromide (III), or chromium iodide (III).

[0259] Aspect 129. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 127, wherein the chromium-containing compound is selected from chromium(II) carboxylate, chromium(II) alkoxide, chromium(II) aryl oxide, chromium(II) β-diketone (i.e., β-diketone), chromium(III) carboxylate, chromium(III) alkoxide, chromium(III) aryl oxide, or chromium(III) β-diketone (i.e., β-diketone).

[0260] Aspect 130. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 129, wherein: Each carboxylate group of the chromium-containing compound can independently be C2 to C3. 24 Carboxylate group, or alternatively C4 to C5 19 Carboxylate group, or alternatively C5 to C6 12 Carboxylate group; Each alkoxide group of the chromium-containing compound can independently be C1 to C2. 24 Alkyl groups, preferably C4 to C5 19 Alkoxy, or alternatively C5 to C6 12 Alkoxy; Each aryl oxide group of the chromium-containing compound can independently be C6 to C6. 24 Aryloxy group, preferably C6 to C6 19 aryloxy group, or alternatively C6 to C6. 12 aryloxy group; and / or Each β-diketone group of the chromium-containing compound can independently be C5 to C6. 24 β-diketone group, preferably C5 to C6 19 β-diketone group, or alternatively C5 to C6. 12 β-Diketone group.

[0261] Aspect 131. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise chromium carboxylate comprising or substantially comprising the following: acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, hexanoate, heptate, octanoate, nonanoate, decanoate, undecanoate, dodecanoate, tridecanoate, tetradecanoate, pentadecanoate, hexadecanoate, heptadecanoate, or octadecanoate.

[0262] Aspect 132. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise chromium carboxylate, wherein each carboxylate group of the chromium carboxylate is independently selected from acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate (n-valerate), neovalerate, hexanoate (n-hexanoate), heptanoate, octanoate (n-octanoate), 2-ethylhexanoate, nonanoate, decanoate (n-decanoate), undecanoate, laurate (n-dodecanoate), or stearate (n-octadecanoate).

[0263] Aspect 133. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise, substantially composed of, or selected from, chromium carboxylate: chromium acetate (II), chromium propionate (II), chromium butyrate (II), chromium isobutyrate (II), chromium neopentanoate (II), chromium oxalate (II), chromium octanoate (II), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (II), chromium laurate (II), or chromium stearate (II), chromium acetate (III), chromium propionate (III), chromium butyrate (III), chromium isobutyrate (III), chromium neopentanoate (III), chromium oxalate (III), chromium octanoate (III), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (III), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedione chromium (III), chromium naphthenate (III), chromium laurate (III), or chromium stearate (III).

[0264] Aspect 134. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 133, wherein the heteroatom ligand can comprise, can consist substantially of, or can be an amine compound, an amide compound, an imide compound, or a combination thereof.

[0265] Aspect 135. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 125 to 134, wherein the heteroatom ligand can comprise, can be substantially composed of, or can be the following: (a) C2 to C 30 Amine; alternatively, C2 to C 20 Amine; alternatively, C2 to C 15 Amine; or alternatively, C2 to C 10 amine; (b) C3 to C 30 Amide; alternatively, C3 to C 20 Amide; alternatively, C3 to C 15 Amide; or alternatively, C3 to C4 10 amide; or (c) C4 to C 30 Imide; alternatively, C4 to C 20 Imide; alternatively, C4 to C 15 Imide; or alternatively, C4 to C 10 Imide.

[0266] Aspect 136. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 133, wherein the heteroatom ligand can comprise, can be substantially composed of, or can be: pyrrole compounds, diphosphinoamine compounds, N 2-Oxyphosphine-based amidine compounds, N 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds or combinations thereof.

[0267] Aspect 137. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 133, wherein the heteroatom ligand can comprise, can be substantially composed of, or can be the following: (a) Any pyrrole compound capable of forming a pyrrole-chromium complex; (b) Pyrrole (C5H5N), pyrrole derivatives (e.g., indole), substituted pyrrole or metal pyrrole compounds; or (c) Pyrrole or any heteroaqueous or isoaqueous metal complex or salt containing a pyrrole group or ligand; or (d) C4 to C 30 Pyrrole; alternatively, C4 to C 20 Pyrrole; alternatively, C4 to C 15 Pyrrole; or alternatively, C4 to C 10 Pyrrole.

[0268] Aspect 138. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 125 to 133, wherein the pyrrole compound is capable of having formula P1 or formula I1: Where: R in equation P1 2p R 3p R 4p and R 5p and R of Equation I1 2i R 3i R 4i R 5i R 6i and R 7i Each can be independently: Hydrogen, C1 to C 18 Organic groups, C1 to C 18 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 60 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C 15 Organic groups, C1 to C 15 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 45 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C 10 Organic groups, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 30 silane; Alternatively, hydrogen, C1 to C5 organic groups, C1 to C5 hydrocarbon groups, or C3 to C5 organic groups. 15 Silicylates.

[0269] Aspect 139. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 138, wherein R of formula P1 2p R 3p R 4p and R 5p and R of Equation I1 2i R 3i R 4i R 5i R 6i and R 7i Each can be independently: Hydrogen or C1 to C 18 hydrocarbon group; Alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C 15 hydrocarbon group; Alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C 10 hydrocarbon group; or Alternatively, hydrogen or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon groups.

[0270] Aspect 140. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 133 and 136 to 139, wherein the pyrrole compound is capable of comprising, is capable of being substantially composed of, or is capable of being: pyrrole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyrrole, 2-methyl-5-propylpyrrole, 2,5-diethylpyrrole, 3,4-dimethylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-propylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-butylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-pentylpyrrole, 2,5-di-n-hexylpyrrole 2,5-Di-n-heptylpyrrole, 2,5-Di-n-octylpyrrole, 2,5-dibenzylpyrrole, 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrrole, 2,3,5-triethylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-butylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-pentylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-hexylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-heptylpyrrole, 2,3,5-tri-n-octylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetraethylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetra-n-butylpyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetra-n-hexylpyrrole 2,5-Bis(2',2',2'-trifluoroethyl)pyrrole, 2,5-bis(2'-methoxymethyl)pyrrole, 2-methyl-4-isopropylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-isopropylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-sec-butylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-sec-butylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-isobutylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-isobutylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-tert-butylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-tert-butylpyrrole, 2-methyl-4-neopentylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-4-neopentylpyrrole, 3,4-diisopropylpyrrole 3,4-Di-sec-butylpyrrole, 3,4-diisobutylpyrrole, 3,4-di-tert-butylpyrrole, 3,4-di-neopentylpropylpyrrole, tetrahydroindole, dipyrrolidomethane, indole, 3,4-dichloropyrrole, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloropyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-acetylpyrrole, pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, 3-acetyl-2,4-dimethylpyrrole, ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-pyrrole-propionate or ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrole carboxylic acid ester.

[0271] Aspect 141. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 133 and 136 to 139, wherein the pyrrole compound can comprise, can be substantially composed of, or can be the following: (a) Metal pyrrolidinides, such as alkyl metal pyrrolidinides; (b) Any organoaluminum pyrroles of pyrrole provided herein; (c) Diethylaluminum 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, ethylaluminum di(2,5-dimethylpyrrole), aluminum tri(2,5-dimethylpyrrole), Or a combination thereof.

[0272] Aspect 142. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 141, wherein the heteroatom ligand is capable of comprising a phosphinoamine compound (i.e., a compound containing a PNP (phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus) bond), is capable of being substantially composed of the phosphinoamine compound or is the phosphinoamine compound.

[0273] Aspect 143. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 125 to 142, wherein the heteroatom ligand is capable of comprising a bisphosphonoamine moiety having the structure PNP2, and is capable of being substantially composed of or can be the bisphosphonoamine moiety: ; PNP2 Where R 1n R 2n R 3n R 4n and / or R 5n Independently, it can be: (a) C1 to C 30 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 20 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 15 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Organic groups; or alternatively, C1 to C5 organic groups; (b) C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups 30 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 20 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 15 Organic groups; alternatively, C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups. 10 Organic groups; or alternatively, C1 to C5 organic groups containing inert functional groups; (c) C1 to C 30 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 20 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 15 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or alternatively, C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (d) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; (e) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C620 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (f) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 20 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 10 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl; or (g) Substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 20 Alkyl, C5 to C 20 cycloalkyl or C6-C 20 Aromatic groups; Any substituent therein is independently selected from C1 to C2. 10 Hydrocarbon group.

[0274] Aspect 144. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 143, wherein the R of the diphosphine amino moiety 1n and R 2n and / or R 3n and R 4n They can be bonded to form a ring containing phosphorus atoms of the diphosphine amino group.

[0275] Aspect 145. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 143 to 144, wherein the R of the diphosphine amino moiety is... 1n and R 5n Or R 4n and R 5n They can be bonded to form a ring containing phosphorus and nitrogen atoms of the diphosphine amino moiety.

[0276] Aspect 146. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 125 to 145, wherein the heteroatom ligand is capable of being an N having the structure NPF1. 2 -Oxyphosphine-formamidin compounds or N having the structure NPA1 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds: R within structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently: (a)(i) C1 to C 30Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30 Organic groups or C1 to C 30 (ii) C1 to C 20 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 20 Organic groups or C1 to C 20 (iii) C1 to C 15 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 15 Organic groups or C1 to C 15 (iv) C1 to C 10 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 10 Organic groups or C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or (v) C1 to C5 organic group, C1 to C5 organic group consisting essentially of inert functional groups or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (b) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; or (c) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 20 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (d) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 20 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted phenyl; or (e) Benzyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 20 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 15 Substituted benzyl; or alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted benzyl group.

[0277] Aspect 147. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of aspects 127 to 146, wherein the N 2 Chromium-containing compounds complexed with α-phosphine-formamidinium compounds or those containing N 2Chromium-containing compounds complexed with α-phosphine-amidinium compounds have the following structures: Where X is an anionic ligand, and p is 2 to 6, Q is a neutral ligand such as a nitrile ligand or an ether ligand, and q It is 0 to 6; and R within structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently: (a)(i) C1 to C 30 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30 Organic groups or C1 to C 30 (ii) C1 to C 20 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 20 Organic groups or C1 to C 20 (iii) C1 to C 15 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 15 Organic groups or C1 to C 15 (iv) C1 to C 10 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 10 Organic groups or C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or (v) C1 to C5 organic group, C1 to C5 organic group consisting essentially of inert functional groups or C1 to C5 hydrocarbon group; (b) C1 to C 30 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 20 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 15 Alkyl; alternatively, C1 to C1 10 Alkyl; or alternatively, C1 to C5 alkyl; or (c) C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 20 Aromatic groups; alternatively, C6 to C6 15 Aromatic groups; or alternatively, C6 to C6 10 Aromatic groups; (d) Phenyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 20 Substituted phenyl; alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6 15 Substituted phenyl; or alternatively, phenyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted phenyl; or (e) Benzyl or C6 to C 30 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 20 Substituted benzyl; alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 15 Substituted benzyl; or alternatively, benzyl or C6 to C6. 10 Substituted benzyl group.

[0278] Aspect 148. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 146 to 147, wherein: R 1 It is C1 to C 15 Alkyl, C4 to C 20 cycloalkyl, C4 to C 20 Substituted cycloalkyl, C6 to C 20 Aryl or C6 to C 20 Substituted aryl groups; R 2 It is composed primarily of C1 to C1 groups of inert functional groups. 30 Organic groups, wherein the inert functional group is selected from halogen groups, nitro groups, alkyloxy groups, thioether groups, hydrocarbon groups, or combinations thereof; R 3 It is hydrogen; and R 4 and R 5 Each of the C1 to C1 groups is independently composed of essentially inert functional groups. 30 An organic group, wherein the inert functional group is selected from halogenated groups, nitro groups, hydroxyl groups, thioether groups, hydrocarbon groups, or combinations thereof.

[0279] Aspect 149. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 137 to 148 or any of the preceding aspects, wherein any substituents of the substituted groups are selected from: (a) a halogenated, hydrocarbon-based, or hydroxyl-based group; alternatively, a halogenated or hydrocarbon-based group; or (b) C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 10 Hydroxyl group; alternatively, halogenated group or C1 to C2 group. 10 Hydrocarbon group; alternatively, halogenated group or C1 to C2 group. 10 Hydroxyl group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 10 alkyl group; alternatively, halogen group; alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydrocarbon group; or alternatively, C1 to C 10 Hydroxyl group.

[0280] Aspect 150. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently comprise an organoaluminum compound.

[0281] Aspect 151. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: tri-organoaluminum compounds, di-organoaluminum halides, organoaluminum dihalides, di-organoaluminum alkoxides, organoaluminum diols, aluminum oxanes, or combinations thereof.

[0282] Aspect 152. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound has the general formula Al(R) 10 ) n (X 11 ) 3-n Where: n is 1 to 3 including end values; each R 10 Independently for C1 to C 20 hydrocarbon group; and X 11 Independently, it can be a halogen group, hydrogen group, or C1 to C2 group. 20 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 20 Hydroxyl group.

[0283] Aspect 153. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises, is composed of, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, diisobutylaluminum hydride, diethylaluminum ethoxide, diethylaluminum chloride, or any combination thereof.

[0284] Aspect 154. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises, is composed of, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: aluminum oxane compounds.

[0285] Aspect 155. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises, is composed of, substantially comprises, or is selected from: at least one aluminum oxane compound, and wherein the aluminum oxane comprises Having a style Cyclic aluminum oxanes: wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 3 to about 10; Having a style A straight-chain aluminum oxane; wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer from 1 to about 50; Having the formula R t 5m+α R b m-α Al 4m O 3m cage-like aluminum oxanes, among which m It is 3 or 4 and α = n Al(3) - n O(2) + n O(4) ;in n Al(3) It is the number of tricoordinated aluminum atoms. n O(2) It is the number of dicoordinated oxygen atoms. n O(4) It is the number of tetracoordinated oxygen atoms, R t Indicates a terminal alkyl group, and R b Indicates a bridged alkyl group; wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; or Any combination of them.

[0286] Aspect 156. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises an aluminum oxane having the following formula, is composed of said aluminum oxane, is substantially composed of said aluminum oxane, or is selected from said aluminum oxane: (R C -Al-O) t Or R C (R C -Al-O) t Al(R C )2, of which R C It is a straight-chain or branched C1-C6 alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, wherein t is an integer from 1 to 50 including the end value, or t is an integer from 2 to 20.

[0287] Aspect 157. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 150, wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises, is composed of, is substantially composed of, or is selected from: methylaluminoxane (MAO), ethylaluminoxane, modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) such as isobutyl-modified methylaluminoxane, n-propylaluminoxane, isopropylaluminoxane, n-butylaluminoxane, tert-butylaluminoxane, sec-butylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, tert-butylaluminoxane, 1-pentylaluminoxane, 2-pentylaluminoxane, 3-pentylaluminoxane, isopentylaluminoxane, neopentylaluminoxane, or combinations thereof.

[0288] Aspect 158. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both catalyst systems independently contain a diluent.

[0289] Aspect 159. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 158, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof.

[0290] Aspect 160. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 158 to 159, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: cyclic diluents, non-cyclic diluents, or combinations thereof.

[0291] Aspect 161. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 158 to 160, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from the following: linear diluents, branched diluents, or combinations thereof.

[0292] Aspect 162. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 158 to 161, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from: aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum distillates, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, or combinations thereof.

[0293] Aspect 163. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 158 to 162, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from: C3 to C8 straight-chain or branched acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C 10 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C 15 Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C 10 Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C1 to C5 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C 20 Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, C6 to C 10 Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons or combinations thereof.

[0294] Aspect 164. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 158 to 163, wherein the diluent comprises, is substantially composed of, or is selected from: propane, isobutane, n-butane, butane (n-butane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C4 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), pentane (n-pentane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C5 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), hexane (n-hexane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C6 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), heptane (n-heptane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C7 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), octane (n-octane or a mixture of straight-chain and branched C8 acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons), cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene (including o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene or mixtures thereof), ethylbenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene or combinations thereof.

[0295] Aspect 165. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the biomass ethanol is produced from starch-based, sugar-based, or cellulose-based feedstocks, or from a biosynthetic gas-to-ethanol process.

[0296] Aspect 166. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 165, wherein the bioethanol is produced by fermentation of sugar derived from starch-based or sugar-based feedstocks.

[0297] Aspect 167. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 165, wherein the bioethanol is produced by fermentation of carbohydrates derived from starch-based, sugar-based, or cellulose-based feedstocks.

[0298] Aspect 168. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 165 to 167, wherein the starch-based raw material comprises barley, cassava root, corn, potato, rice, sorghum, sweet potato, wheat, rye, or any combination thereof.

[0299] Aspect 169. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 165 to 168, wherein the sugar-based raw material includes sugarcane, sugar beets, sweet sorghum, molasses, fruit, or any combination thereof.

[0300] Aspect 170. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 165 to 169, wherein the bioethanol is produced from a starch-based feedstock by a method comprising enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch-based feedstock to produce sugar, followed by yeast fermentation of the sugar.

[0301] Aspect 171. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 165, wherein the bioethanol is produced from a cellulose feedstock.

[0302] Aspect 172. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 171, wherein the cellulosic raw material includes corn stalks, wheat stalks, bagasse, switchgrass, or sawdust.

[0303] Aspect 173. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the dehydration of said bioethanol comprises contacting said bioethanol with a dehydration catalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of bioethylene.

[0304] Aspect 174. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 173, wherein the dehydration of the biomass ethanol comprises passing liquid-phase ethanol through a bed containing the dehydration catalyst.

[0305] Aspect 175. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 173 to 174, further comprising regenerating the dehydrated catalyst by heating under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure.

[0306] Aspect 176. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 173 to 175, wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises, is substantially composed of, or is composed of: alumina, silica gel, silica-alumina, crystalline silicate, dealuminated crystalline silicate, phosphorus-modified crystalline silicate, zeolite, molecular sieve, or anhydrous calcium sulfate.

[0307] Aspect 177. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 173 to 176, wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises, is substantially composed of, or comprises: lanthanum-modified H-ZSM catalyst, ZSM-5 / SAPO-34 composite, mordenite catalyst, microsphere SAPO-34 catalyst, phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalyst, lanthanum-phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalyst, gallium-modified zeolite, gallium-modified SAPO-11, gallium-modified HZSM-5, ZSM-based catalyst, heteropolyacid catalyst, or supported heteropolyacid catalyst.

[0308] Aspect 178. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 173 to 177, wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises, is substantially composed of, or comprises ZSM-5 zeolite, which contains 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt% lanthanum and 0.01 wt% to 1 wt% phosphorus relative to the weight of the catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of silica to alumina of the ZSM-5 is 20 to 45.

[0309] Aspect 179. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first hydrogenation catalyst, the second hydrogenation catalyst, or both independently comprise, substantially consist of, or are selected from the following: nickel or nickel-containing catalyst, platinum or platinum-containing catalyst, or palladium or palladium-containing catalyst.

[0310] Aspect 180. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first hydrogenation catalyst, the second hydrogenation catalyst, or both independently comprise, substantially consist of, or are selected from the following: (a) A heterogeneous catalyst selected from Group 8-12 metals deposited on a support selected from carbon, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, or calcium carbonate; or (b) Homogeneous catalysts selected from the following: (i) Ziegler catalysts containing organosalts of Group 6-10 metals and organoaluminum compounds, or (ii) coordination compounds of Ru, Rh or Ir, or (iii) organometallic compounds of Group 4 metals.

[0311] Aspect 181. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 180, wherein (a) the Group 8-12 metal of the heterogeneous catalyst is selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt; (b) the Group 6-10 metal of the homogeneous catalyst is selected from Ni, Co, Fe or Cr; or (c) the Group 4 organometallic compound is selected from Group 4 metallocene compounds.

[0312] Aspect 182. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the first hydrogenation catalyst, the second hydrogenation catalyst, or both independently comprise one or more metals selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, or tungsten.

[0313] Aspect 183. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system is carried out at a total pressure of: 0 psig (0 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 0 psig (kPa) to 1,600 psig (11.0 MPa); alternatively, 0 psig (kPa) to 1,500 psig (10.4 MPa); alternatively, 50 psig (344 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 100 psig (689 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 150 psig (1.0 MPa) to 2,000 psig (13.8 MPa); or alternatively, 300 psig (2.0 MPa). (MPa) to 900 psig (6.2MPa).

[0314] Aspect 184. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feed with the first catalyst system is carried out at the following bioethylene feed pressures: 0 psig (0 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 50 psig (344 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); alternatively, 100 psig (689 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa); or alternatively, 150 psig (1.0 MPa) to 2,000 psig (13.8 MPa).

[0315] Aspect 185. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system is carried out at the following temperatures: at least 0°C; alternatively, at least 10°C; alternatively, at least 20°C; alternatively, at least 30°C; alternatively, at least 40°C; alternatively, at least 50°C; alternatively, at least 60°C; alternatively, at least 70°C; alternatively, at least 80°C; alternatively, at least 90°C; alternatively, at least 100°C; alternatively, at least 110°C; alternatively, at least 120°C; alternatively, at least 130°C; alternatively, at least 140°C; alternatively, at least 150°C; alternatively, at least 160°C; alternatively, at least 170°C; or alternatively, at least 180°C.

[0316] Aspect 186. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system is carried out at a temperature below 180°C; alternatively, below 160°C; alternatively, below 140°C; alternatively, below 120°C; alternatively, below 100°C; alternatively, below 90°C; or alternatively, below 80°C.

[0317] Aspect 187. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feedstock with the first catalyst system is carried out at a temperature within the range of: 0°C to 180°C; alternatively, 10°C to 160°C; alternatively, 20°C to 140°C; alternatively, 30°C to 120°C; alternatively, 40°C to 100°C; alternatively, 50°C to 100°C; or alternatively, 60°C to 140°C.

[0318] Aspect 188. A composition comprising 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0319] Aspect 189. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0320] Aspect 190. A composition comprising any three of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0321] Aspect 191. A composition comprising any four of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0322] Aspect 192. A composition comprising any five of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0323] Aspect 193. A composition comprising any six of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0324] Aspect 194. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 2-ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene.

[0325] Aspect 195. A composition comprising 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0326] Aspect 196. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0327] Aspect 197. A composition comprising any three of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0328] Aspect 198. A composition comprising any four of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0329] Aspect 199. A composition comprising any five of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0330] Aspect 200. A composition comprising any six of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0331] Aspect 201. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 3-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-propylnonane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, 5-ethyl-3-methylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 3-methylundecane, and dodecane.

[0332] Aspect 202. A composition comprising 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0333] Aspect 203. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0334] Aspect 204. A composition comprising any three of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0335] Aspect 205. A composition comprising any four of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0336] Aspect 206. A composition comprising any five of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0337] Aspect 207. A composition comprising any six of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0338] Aspect 208. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 4-methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane, and 2-methyldodec-1-ene.

[0339] Aspect 209. A composition comprising 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0340] Aspect 210. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0341] Aspect 211. A composition comprising any three of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0342] Aspect 212. A composition comprising any four of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0343] Aspect 213. A composition comprising any five of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0344] Aspect 214. A composition comprising any six of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0345] Aspect 215. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 4-methyl-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnonane, 4,7-dimethylundecane, 2,7-dimethylundecane, 6-ethyl-4-methyldecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldecane, 4-methyldodecane, and 2-methyldodecane.

[0346] Aspect 216. A composition comprising 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0347] Aspect 217. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0348] Aspect 218. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0349] Aspect 219. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0350] Aspect 220. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0351] Aspect 221. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0352] Aspect 222. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 5-methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene.

[0353] Aspect 223. A composition comprising 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0354] Aspect 224. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0355] Aspect 225. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0356] Aspect 226. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0357] Aspect 227. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0358] Aspect 228. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0359] Aspect 229. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 5-methyl-6-propyldecane, 3-methyl-6-propyldecane, 5,8-dimethyldodecane, 3,8-dimethyldodecane, 5-ethyl-7-methylundecane, 7-ethyl-3-methylundecane, 5-methyltridecane, and 3-methyltridecane.

[0360] Aspect 230. A composition comprising 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0361] Aspect 231. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0362] Aspect 232. A composition comprising any three of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0363] Aspect 233. A composition comprising any four of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0364] Aspect 234. A composition comprising any five of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0365] Aspect 235. A composition comprising any six of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0366] Aspect 236. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 6-methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

[0367] Aspect 237. A composition comprising 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0368] Aspect 238. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0369] Aspect 239. A composition comprising any three of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0370] Aspect 240. A composition comprising any four of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0371] Aspect 241. A composition comprising any five of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0372] Aspect 242. A composition comprising any six of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0373] Aspect 243. A composition comprising any seven of the following: 6-methyl-5-propyldodecane, 5-methyl-8-propyldodecane, 5,8-dimethyltetradecane, 5,10-dimethyltetradecane, 5-ethyl-7-methyltridecane, 5-ethyl-9-methyltridecane, 7-methylpentadecanane, and pentadecane.

[0374] Aspect 244. A composition comprising 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0375] Aspect 245. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0376] Aspect 246. A composition comprising any three of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0377] Aspect 247. A composition comprising any four of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0378] Aspect 248. A composition comprising any five of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0379] Aspect 249. A composition comprising any six of the following: 4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene.

[0380] Aspect 250. A composition comprising 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane.

[0381] Aspect 251. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0382] Aspect 252. A composition comprising any three of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0383] Aspect 253. A composition comprising any four of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0384] Aspect 254. A composition comprising any five of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0385] Aspect 255. A composition comprising any six of the following: 4-propyloctane, 5-ethylnonane, 5-methyldecane, undecane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane.

[0386] Aspect 256. A composition comprising 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene and 3-nonene.

[0387] Aspect 257. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0388] Aspect 258. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0389] Aspect 259. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0390] Aspect 260. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0391] Aspect 261. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-3-decene, 7-methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene.

[0392] Aspect 262. A composition comprising 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane and nonane.

[0393] Aspect 263. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0394] Aspect 264. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0395] Aspect 265. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0396] Aspect 266. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0397] Aspect 267. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propylnonane, 5-ethyldecane, 5-methylundecane, dodecane, heptane, octane, and nonane.

[0398] Aspect 268. A composition comprising 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0399] Aspect 269. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0400] Aspect 270. A composition comprising any three of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0401] Aspect 271. A composition comprising any four of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0402] Aspect 272. A composition comprising any five of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0403] Aspect 273. A composition comprising any six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene.

[0404] Aspect 274. A composition comprising 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0405] Aspect 275. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0406] Aspect 276. A composition comprising any three of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0407] Aspect 277. A composition comprising any four of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0408] Aspect 278. A composition comprising any five of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0409] Aspect 279. A composition comprising any six of the following: 2-methyl-4-propyloctane, 5-ethyl-2-methylnonane, 2,6-dimethyldecane, 2-methylundecane, 2-methylhexane, 2-methylheptane, and 2-methyloctane.

[0410] Aspect 280. A composition comprising 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0411] Aspect 281. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0412] Aspect 282. A composition comprising any three of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0413] Aspect 283. A composition comprising any four of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0414] Aspect 284. A composition comprising any five of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0415] Aspect 285. A composition comprising any six of the following: 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene.

[0416] Aspect 286. A composition comprising 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0417] Aspect 287. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0418] Aspect 288. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0419] Aspect 289. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0420] Aspect 290. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0421] Aspect 291. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propyldecane, 5-ethylundecane, 5-methyldodecane, tridecane, octane, nonane, and decane.

[0422] Aspect 292. A composition comprising 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0423] Aspect 293. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0424] Aspect 294. A composition comprising any three of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0425] Aspect 295. A composition comprising any four of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0426] Aspect 296. A composition comprising any five of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0427] Aspect 297. A composition comprising any six of the following: 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene.

[0428] Aspect 298. A composition comprising 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0429] Aspect 299. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0430] Aspect 300. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0431] Aspect 301. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0432] Aspect 302. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0433] Aspect 303. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propylundecane, 5-ethyldodecane, 5-methyltridecane, tetradecane, nonane, decane, and undecane.

[0434] Aspect 304. A composition comprising 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0435] Aspect 305. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0436] Aspect 306. A composition comprising any three of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0437] Aspect 307. A composition comprising any four of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0438] Aspect 308. A composition comprising any five of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0439] Aspect 309. A composition comprising any six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene.

[0440] Aspect 310. A composition comprising 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0441] Aspect 311. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0442] Aspect 312. A composition comprising any three of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0443] Aspect 313. A composition comprising any four of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0444] Aspect 314. A composition comprising any five of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0445] Aspect 315. A composition comprising any six of the following: 2,2-dimethyl-5-propylnonane, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyldecane, 2,2,7-trimethylundecane, 2,2-dimethyldodecane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2,2-dimethyloctane, and 2,2-dimethylnonane.

[0446] Aspect 316. A composition comprising 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0447] Aspect 317. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0448] Aspect 318. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0449] Aspect 319. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0450] Aspect 320. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0451] Aspect 321. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

[0452] Aspect 322. A composition comprising 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0453] Aspect 323. A composition comprising any combination of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0454] Aspect 324. A composition comprising any three of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0455] Aspect 325. A composition comprising any four of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0456] Aspect 326. A composition comprising any five of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0457] Aspect 327. A composition comprising any six of the following: 5-propyltridecane, 5-ethyltetradecane, 5-methylpentadecane, hexadecane, undecane, dodecane, and tridecane.

[0458] Aspect 328. A sustainable aviation fuel comprising the composition according to any of the foregoing aspects of composition.

[0459] Aspect 329. A sustainable aviation fuel comprising a composition according to any of the foregoing aspects of the composition, wherein at least a portion of the composition is derived from oligomers of bioethylene feedstock.

[0460] Aspect 330. The sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 328 to 329, further comprising at least one C 16- just Alkanes, at least one C 16- different Alkanes, at least one C 16- Cycloalkanes, at least one C 16- olefins, at least one C 12- Aromatic compounds or any combination thereof.

[0461] Aspect 331. Sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 330, wherein all or part of the C 16- just Alkanes, the C 16- different Alkanes, the C 16- Cycloalkanes, the C 16- Olefins, the C 12- Aromatic compounds or combinations thereof are oligomers derived from bio-ethylene feedstock.

[0462] Aspect 332. Sustainable aviation fuel according to aspect 330, wherein C 16- just Alkanes, the C 16- different Alkanes, the C 16- Cycloalkanes, the C 16- Olefins, the C 12- Aromatic compounds or combinations thereof are not derived from oligomers of bio-ethylene feedstock.

[0463] Aspect 333. Sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 328 to 332, further comprising antioxidants, metal deactivators, fuel system icing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic additives, or any combination thereof.

[0464] Aspect 334. Sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 328 to 333, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel is certified to meet CORSIA sustainability standards in accordance with the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) International Aviation Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme (CORSIA) certification system.

[0465] Aspect 335. The sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 328 to 334, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel is certified as LCAF in accordance with the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) Low Carbon Aviation Fuel (LCAF) certification system.

[0466] Aspect 336. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of Aspects 328 to 335, wherein the sustainable aviation fuel is certified based on the weight or proportion of the sustainable aviation fuel attributable to the biomass ethanol, the weight or proportion being determined by a mass balance and free attribution method.

Claims

1. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomer product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) (i) In the presence of a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst, the decene mixture is reacted with at least one C 6- α-olefin contact, or (ii) in the presence of a second catalyst system containing a metathesis catalyst, reacting the decene mixture with at least one C 8- α-olefin contact to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (e) In the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; as well as (f) Using the C 16- Alkanes form the sustainable aviation fuel.

2. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system containing an oligomerization catalyst to form an oligomerization product comprising at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene; (c) Separating the decene mixture from the oligomers; (d) Hydrogenating the decene mixture in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to provide a decane mixture; and (e) The decane mixture is used to form the sustainable aviation fuel.

3. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 2, wherein the decane mixture is mixed with C 16- Alkanes and / or cycloalkanes are blended to obtain the sustainable aviation fuel.

4. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 1, wherein the at least one C 6- α-olefins include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, or combinations thereof.

5. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 1, wherein the at least one C 8- α-olefins include propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof; or alternatively, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, or combinations thereof.

6. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oligomer comprises 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, dodecene, tetradecene, or any combination thereof.

7. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: (a) The sustainable aviation fuel is certified to meet CORSIA sustainability standards under the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) International Aviation Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme (CORSIA) certification system; or (b) The sustainable aviation fuel is certified as LCAF in accordance with the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) Low Carbon Aviation Fuel (LCAF) certification system; The certification is based on the weight or proportion of the sustainable aviation fuel that can be attributed to the biomass ethanol, the weight or proportion being determined by mass balance and free attribution methods.

8. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the oligomer product comprises: At least 60 mol% of 1-hexene, at least 60 mol% of 1-octene, or at least 60 mol% of a combination of 1-hexene and 1-octene; or A mixture of 70% to 99.8% by weight of hexene or 70% to 99.8% by weight of octene, and at least 0.2% by weight of the decene.

9. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the decene mixture comprises 1-decene, 2-butyl-1-hexene, 3-propyl-1-heptene, 4-ethyl-1-octene, 5-methyl-1-nonene, 4-decene, 5-decene, or any combination thereof.

10. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the decene mixture comprises 76 mol% to 95 mol% C 10 Monoolefins.

11. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1, 4 to 6, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise a chromium-based catalyst, a metallocene-based catalyst, a Ziegler-Natta-based catalyst, a metal oxide-supported catalyst based on group 6-10 transition metals, or a combination thereof.

12. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claims 1, 4 to 6 and 11, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system or both further comprise a metal alkyl compound selected from the group consisting of organoaluminum compounds, organoaluminoxanes, organoboron compounds, organozinc compounds, organomagnesium compounds, organolithium compounds or any combination thereof.

13. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1, 4 to 6 and 11 to 12, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system or both independently comprise a chromium-based catalyst, and the chromium-based catalyst comprises (a) a chromium-containing compound, (b) a heteroatom ligand, (c) a metal alkyl compound and (d) an optional diluent.

14. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 13, wherein the heteroatom ligand is selected from pyrrole compounds, diphosphinoamine compounds, N... 2 -Oxyphosphine-based amidine compounds, N 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds or combinations thereof.

15. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 13, wherein the heteroatom ligand is selected from pyrrole compounds having formula P1 or formula I1: in: R of formula P1 2p R 3p R 4p and R 5p and R of Equation I1 2i R 3i R 4i R 5i R 6i and R 7i Independently selected from C1 to C 18 Organic groups, C1 to C 18 Hydrocarbon group or C3 to C 60 Silicylates.

16. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 13, wherein the heteroatom ligand is selected from the bisphosphonoamine moiety having the structure PNP2: Where R 1n R 2n R 3n R 4n and / or R 5n Independently capable of being: C1 to C 30 Organic groups; C1 to C1 containing inert functional groups 30 Organic groups; C1 to C 30 Hydrocarbon group; C1 to C 30 Alkyl; C6 to C 30 Aromatic groups; phenyl or C6 to C6 30 Substituted phenyl; or substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 phenyl groups. 20 alkyl.

17. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 16, wherein any substituent of any substituted group is selected from halogen groups, C1 to C2 groups. 10 Hydrocarbon group or C1 to C 10 Hydroxyl group.

18. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 13, wherein the heteroatom ligand is selected from N having the structure NPF1. 2 -Oxyphosphine-formamidin compounds or N having the structure NPA1 2 -Oxyphosphine formamidin compounds: R within structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently for C1 to C 30 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30 Organic groups, or C1 to C 30 Hydrocarbon group.

19. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 13, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise one or more diluents, each diluent comprising a hydrocarbon, a halogenated hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.

20. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise: (a) Chromium-containing compounds, pyrrole compounds, organoaluminum compounds and optionally halogen-containing compounds; (b) Chromium-containing compounds, diphosphine amino compounds, and organoaluminum compounds; (c) Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with diphosphine amino compounds; (d) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 α-phosphine-amidine compounds and organoaluminum compounds; (e) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-amidine compounds; (f) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 β-phosphine-formamidinium compounds, organoaluminum compounds; (g) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-formamidinium compounds; or (h) Any combination of them.

21. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 20, wherein the N 2 Chromium-containing compounds complexed with α-phosphine-formamidinium compounds or those containing N 2 Chromium-containing compounds complexed with α-phosphine-amidinium compounds have the following structures: Where X is an anionic ligand, and p is 2 to 6, and Q is a neutral ligand, and q It is 0 to 6; and R within structure NPF1 and structure NPFCr1 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently for C1 to C 30 Organic groups, consisting primarily of C1 to C4 functional groups. 30 Organic groups, or C1 to C 30 Hydrocarbon group.

22. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 20, wherein the chromium-containing compound is selected from chromium(II) nitrate, chromium(II) sulfate, chromium(II) fluoride, chromium(II) chloride, chromium(II) bromide, or chromium(II) iodide, chromium(III) nitrate, chromium(III) sulfate, chromium(III) fluoride, chromium(III) chloride, chromium(III) bromide, chromium(III) iodide, chromium(II) carboxylate, chromium(II) alkoxide, chromium(II) aryl oxide, chromium(II) β-diketone (i.e., β-diketone), chromium(III) carboxylate, chromium(III) alkoxide, chromium(III) aryl oxide, or chromium(III) β-diketone (i.e., β-diketone).

23. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to 6, wherein: The first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently contain chromium carboxylate, wherein each carboxylate group of the chromium carboxylate is independently selected from acetate, propionate, n-butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate (n-valerate), neovalerate, hexanoate (n-hexanoate), n-heptanoate, octanoate (n-octanoate), 2-ethylhexanoate, n-nonanoate, decanoate (n-decanoate), n-undecanoate, laurate (n-dodecanoate), or stearate (n-octadecanoate).

24. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise chromium carboxylate selected from the group consisting of: chromium acetate (II), chromium propionate (II), chromium butyrate (II), chromium isobutyrate (II), chromium neopentanoate (II), chromium oxalate (II), chromium octanoate (II), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (II), chromium laurate (II), or chromium stearate (II), chromium acetate (III), chromium propionate (III), chromium butyrate (III), chromium isobutyrate (III), chromium neopentanoate (III), chromium oxalate (III), chromium octanoate (III), chromium 2-ethylhexanoate (III), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptanedione chromium (III), chromium naphthenate (III), chromium laurate (III), or chromium stearate (III).

25. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise an organoaluminum compound selected from: tri-organoaluminum compounds, di-organoaluminum halides, organoaluminum dihalides, di-organoaluminum alkoxides, organoaluminum diols, aluminum oxanes, or combinations thereof.

26. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise: (a) Molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (MoO3 / Al2O3), tungsten oxide / silicon dioxide (WO3 / SiO2), tungsten oxide / silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide (WO3 / SiO2 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide (Re2O7 / Al2O3), cobalt oxide and molybdenum oxide / aluminum oxide (CoO / MoO3 / Al2O3), rhenium oxide / aluminum oxide activated with tetramethyltin (Re2O7 / Al2O3 / SnMe4), or any combination thereof; or (b) Zirconium tungstate, zirconium molybdenum, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium tungstate, nickel and / or cobalt-doped zirconium molybdenum catalysts, zeolites treated with Group 3 to Group 12 metals, or combinations thereof.

27. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the dehydration of the bioethanol comprises contacting the bioethanol with a dehydration catalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of bioethylene, and wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises: (a) Alumina, silica gel, silica-alumina, crystalline silicates, dealuminated crystalline silicates, phosphorus-modified crystalline silicates, zeolites, molecular sieves or anhydrous calcium sulfate; or (b) Lanthanum-modified H-ZSM catalysts, ZSM-5 / SAPO-34 composites, mordenite catalysts, microsphere SAPO-34 catalysts, phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalysts, lanthanum-phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalysts, gallium-modified zeolites, gallium-modified SAPO-11, gallium-modified HZSM-5, ZSM-based catalysts, heteropolyacid catalysts, or supported heteropolyacid catalysts.

28. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises: (a) A heterogeneous catalyst selected from Group 8-12 metals deposited on a support selected from carbon, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite, or calcium carbonate; or (b) Homogeneous catalysts selected from the following: (i) Ziegler catalysts containing organosalts of Group 6-10 metals and organoaluminum compounds, or (ii) coordination compounds of Ru, Rh or Ir, or (iii) organometallic compounds of Group 4 metals.

29. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 28, wherein: (a) The Group 8-12 metals of the heterogeneous catalyst are selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt; (b) The Group 6-10 metals of the homogeneous catalyst are selected from Ni, Co, Fe or Cr; or (c) The Group 4 organometallic compound is selected from Group 4 metallocene compounds.

30. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bioethylene feed is contacted with the first catalyst system at a bioethylene feed pressure of 0 psig (0 kPa) to 2,500 psig (17.3 MPa).

31. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the contact of the bioethylene feed with the first catalyst system is carried out at a temperature in the range of 0°C to 180°C.

32. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 1, wherein C 16- Olefin feed stream includes: 2-Ethyl-3-propyl-1-heptene, 5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-Ethyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 7-methyl-1-undecene, 2-Ethyl-4-ethyl-1-octene, 6-Ethyl-1-decene, 2-Ethyl-1-decene, and 1-dodecene; 4-Methylene-5-propylnonane, 2-methyl-5-propylnon-1-ene, 7-methyl-4-methyleneundecane, 2,7-dimethylundec-1-ene, 6-ethyl-4-methylenedecane, 6-ethyl-2-methyldec-1-ene, 4-methylenedodecane and 2-methyldodec-1-ene; 5-Methylene-6-propyldecane, 3-Methylene-6-propyldecane, 5-Methylene-8-methyldodecane, 3-Methylene-8-methyldodecane, 5-Methylene-7-ethylundecane, 3-Methylene-7-ethylundecane, 2-butyl-1-decene, and 2-ethyl-1-dodecene; or 6-Methylene-5-propyldodecane, 2-butyl-5-propyl-1-nonene, 2-hexyl-5-methyl-1-nonene, 2-butyl-7-methyl-1-undecene, 6-methylene-4-ethyltridecane, 2-butyl-6-ethyl-1-decene, 2-hexyl-1-decene, and 4-butyl-1-dodecene.

33. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 1, wherein C 16- Olefin feed stream includes: 4-Propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-nonene, 6-methyl-2-decene, 2-undecene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, and 2-octene; 5-Propyl-3-nonene, 6-Ethyl-3-decene, 7-Methyl-3-undecene, 3-dodecene, 3-heptene, 3-octene, and 3-nonene; 2-Methyl-4-propyl-2-octene, 5-ethyl-2-methyl-2-nonene, 2,6-dimethyl-2-decene, 2-methyl-2-undecene, 2-methyl-2-hexene, 2-methyl-2-heptene, and 2-methyl-2-octene; 6-propyl-4-decene, 7-ethyl-4-undecene, 8-methyl-4-dodecene, 4-tetracene, 4-octene, 4-nonene, and 4-decene; 7-propyl-5-undecene, 8-ethyl-5-dodecene, 9-methyl-5-tetracene, 5-tetradecene, 4-nonene, 5-decene, and 5-undecene; 2,2-Dimethyl-5-propyl-3-nonene, 6-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-decene, 2,2,7-trimethyl-3-undecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dodecene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-octene, and 2,2-dimethyl-3-nonene; or 5-propyl-6-tetracene, 5-ethyl-7-tetradecene, 11-methyl-7-pentadecanene, 7-hexadecene, 4-undecene, 5-dodecene, and 6-tetracene.

34. A method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel, the method comprising: (a) Provide bioethylene feedstock, at least a portion of which is derived from the dehydration of biomass ethanol; (b) Contact the bioethylene feedstock with a first catalyst system comprising a first oligomerizing catalyst to form an oligomerizing product comprising at least one C4-C6 α-olefin or at least one C4-C8 α-olefin and a mixture of decene. (c) Contacting the oligomer with a second catalyst system comprising a second oligomerizing catalyst or a metathesis catalyst to provide C 16- Olefin feed stream; (d) In the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, the C 16- Olefin feedstock hydrogenation to provide C 16- Alkanes; as well as (e) Using the C 16- Alkanes are used as components in the formation of sustainable aviation fuels.

35. The method for preparing sustainable aviation fuel according to claim 34, wherein the first catalyst system, the second catalyst system, or both independently comprise a chromium-based catalyst including: (a) Chromium-containing compounds, pyrrole compounds, organoaluminum compounds and optionally halogen-containing compounds; (b) Chromium-containing compounds, diphosphine amino compounds, and organoaluminum compounds; (c) Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with diphosphine amino compounds; (d) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 α-phosphine-amidine compounds and organoaluminum compounds; (e) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-amidine compounds; (f) Chromium-containing compounds, N 2 β-phosphine-formamidinium compounds, organoaluminum compounds; (g) and N 2 Chromium-containing compounds and organoaluminum compounds complexed with phosphine-formamidinium compounds; or (h) Any combination of them.

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