A mold, mold preparation and usage method
By setting heating holes and hollow structures on the mold, and combining finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization, the fine control of aluminum alloy forming parts was achieved, solving the problem of low forming quality in the existing technology and improving the forming quality and consistency of aluminum alloy forming parts.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHENGDU AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY GROUP
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
Smart Images
Figure CN122076885A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of stamping manufacturing technology, specifically to a mold, mold preparation and usage method. Background Technology
[0002] Aluminum alloy formed parts are widely used in the aerospace industry. However, due to the presence of large-sized intermetallic compounds, their fracture toughness is low, resulting in poor stamping ability at room temperature and a tendency to produce wrinkles, cracks, or springback defects. Existing technologies, such as forming by heating the entire or localized areas to soften the material, dynamically adjusting side pressure to improve forming quality, and improving deep drawing performance from structural and mechanical perspectives, all have limitations and cannot achieve precise control. There is still considerable room for improvement in forming quality. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The main purpose of this application is to provide a mold, a method for mold preparation and use, which aims to solve the problem that the lack of precise control in the stamping manufacturing of aluminum alloy forming parts in the prior art leads to low forming quality.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application are as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a mold, including: a punch, a die, and a pressure ring, wherein: the punch, the die, and the pressure ring are all provided with multiple heating holes for inserting heating rods, and the pressure ring is provided with a symmetrical hollow structure, the dimensional parameters of which are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm.
[0005] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the mold further includes a temperature control device, which includes a temperature sensor, a controller, and an actuator. The temperature sensor is used to provide feedback on the ambient temperature signal, the controller is used to calculate a control signal based on the temperature signal and a preset temperature range, and the actuator is used to perform ambient temperature control based on the control signal.
[0006] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the actuator includes a first actuator and a second actuator, the first actuator being used to increase the ambient temperature and the second actuator being used to decrease the ambient temperature.
[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the mold further includes a telescopic locating pin for applying a blank holder force to press the blank holder ring and the die together.
[0008] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a mold preparation method for obtaining a mold as provided in any of the first aspects above, comprising the following steps: Design the punch, die, and initial blank holder according to the target part; Hollow structures were obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm; A hollow structure is machined into the initial pressure ring to obtain the pressure ring; Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, die, and pressure ring to obtain the target mold.
[0009] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the hollow structure is obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization, including: After given boundary conditions and mesh generation, the node distribution of the initial blank holder is obtained based on the mesh nodes of the target part. The center coordinates of multiple regions are uniformly selected as design variables, and the level set values are randomly sampled within the target interval as a response. An improved response surface is used to establish a functional expression between the center coordinates and the level set values; By calculating the maximum inter-class variance, an adaptive threshold for each level set is obtained. The initial dimensions of the hollow structure are determined based on the function surface and the adaptive threshold. The initial hollow structure was fabricated on the model of the initial pressure ring, and the hollow structure was obtained based on the finite element analysis results.
[0010] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, before obtaining the target mold, the mold preparation method further includes: (1) Opening multiple heating holes in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder. Optimize the parameters of the heating holes; Multiple heating holes are made in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder to obtain the target mold, including: Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder according to the optimized parameters to obtain the target mold.
[0011] In one possible implementation of the second aspect, the parameters of the heating hole are optimized, including: Determine the target parameters that need to be optimized for the heating holes, and determine the initial range of the target parameters; The initial range of the target parameter is divided into multiple segments, and a random value is assigned to each segment according to the number of segments. Transform the random value into the value corresponding to the target parameter; The converted values are used as input parameters for finite element simulation, and the optimized parameters for the heating holes are obtained based on the results of the finite element simulation.
[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a method for using a mold, employing a mold as provided in any of the first aspects above, applied to a stamping process, comprising the following steps: Place the sheet metal onto the die; Place the pressure ring on the sheet metal; A heating rod is inserted into each heating hole for heating; After heating to the specified temperature, pressure is first applied to the blank holder, and then the punch is lowered to stamp the target part.
[0013] In one possible implementation of the third aspect, the ambient temperature is monitored and a temperature signal is fed back during the stamping process; The controller calculates the control signal based on the temperature signal and the preset temperature range; The actuator operates according to the control signal to control the ambient temperature to increase or decrease.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: This application discloses a mold, its preparation, and a method for using the mold. The mold includes a punch, a die, and a blank holder. Multiple heating holes are provided on the punch, die, and blank holder for inserting heating rods. The blank holder has a symmetrical hollow structure, the dimensional parameters of which are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization. By providing heating holes on the punch, die, and blank holder for inserting heating rods, this application enables regional heating to different temperatures to meet varying material flow requirements. The hollow structure on the blank holder, combined with its control over material flow behavior, allows for more precise control of the formed part. The symmetrical arrangement ensures uniform control of flow behavior. Furthermore, since the dimensional parameters of the hollow structure are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization, the optimal parameter scheme can be found within the range required for actual forming and manufacturing, thereby effectively improving the forming quality. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mold provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow structure in the mold provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating the mold preparation method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 A schematic flowchart of one embodiment of the mold preparation method provided in this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the target parameters that need to be optimized for the heating holes in the mold preparation method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic flowchart illustrating the mold usage method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the ambient temperature control in the mold usage method provided in this application embodiment; Markings in the diagram: 1-punch, 2-pressure ring, 21-hollow structure, 3-die, 4-heating hole, 5-thermocouple, 6-sheet material. Detailed Implementation
[0016] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.
[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0018] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0019] See attached document Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 2 The embodiments of this application provide a mold, including a punch 1, a die 3 and a pressure ring 2, wherein: the punch 1, the die 3 and the pressure ring 2 are all provided with a plurality of heating holes 4, the heating holes 4 are used to insert heating rods, and the pressure ring 2 is provided with a symmetrical hollow structure 21, the dimensional parameters of the hollow structure 21 are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm.
[0020] In this embodiment, heating holes 4 are provided on the punch 1, die 3, and pressure ring 2 of the mold to insert heating rods, which can achieve regional heating to different temperatures to meet different material flow requirements. At the same time, a hollow structure 21 is designed on the pressure ring 2. With the hollow structure 21 controlling the flow behavior of the material, more precise control of the formed part is achieved. The symmetrical arrangement enables uniform control of the flow behavior. Furthermore, since the size parameters of the hollow structure 21 are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm, it can search for the optimal parameter scheme within the range of meeting the actual forming manufacturing requirements, thereby effectively improving the forming quality.
[0021] Stamping is a manufacturing technology that uses the power of conventional or specialized stamping equipment to directly deform sheet metal within a die, thereby obtaining product parts with specific shapes, dimensions, and properties. The dies used in stamping are called stamping dies, or simply dies. Dies are specialized tools for batch processing materials into the desired stamped parts. The upper and lower dies are shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the convex part is the punch, also known as the male die, and the concave part is the die, also known as the female die.
[0022] Finite Element Analysis (FEA) uses mathematical approximations to simulate real physical systems (geometry and load conditions). By using simple, interacting elements (i.e., units), a real system with an infinite number of unknowns can be approximated with a finite number of unknowns. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a swarm-based algorithm that moves individuals within the swarm to favorable regions based on their fitness to the environment. However, it does not use evolutionary operators on individuals; instead, it treats each individual as a particle (point) with no volume in a D-dimensional search space, flying at a certain speed dynamically adjusted based on its own flight experience and that of its companions.
[0023] In one embodiment, the mold further includes a temperature control device, which includes a temperature sensor, a controller, and an actuator. The temperature sensor provides feedback on the ambient temperature signal, the controller calculates a control signal based on the temperature signal and a preset temperature range, and the actuator controls the ambient temperature according to the control signal. As described above, further optimization of material flowability is achieved by designing a temperature control device to control overall heating and cooling, ensuring that the mold and sheet metal 6 are continuously maintained within the preset temperature range.
[0024] Temperature sensors are the core component of temperature control, sensing ambient temperature and converting the temperature signal into an electrical signal. Examples of temperature sensors include thermocouples, thermistors, and infrared sensors. The controller is the decision-making center for temperature control, calculating the control signal based on the temperature signal fed back from the temperature sensor and the preset temperature range. Controllers include PID controllers and fuzzy controllers. A PID controller adjusts the control signal by comparing the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature, thereby achieving precise control of the ambient temperature. The PID algorithm used is shown in the following formula:
[0025] in, This represents the output of the PID controller at time t, which is used by the controlled system to drive it to track the setpoint. Error signal, e(t) = r(t) - y(t); t is a continuous time variable representing the current moment; The time dummy variable in integration, the time variable in integration operations; The reciprocal of the error reflects the rate of change of the error. integral.
[0026] As a proportional gain, it is responsible for adjusting the current error. In the initial stage of heating, the actual temperature differs significantly from the set temperature, so the temperature increase will increase accordingly. When the actual temperature is close to the target temperature, the temperature increase adjustment will decrease accordingly. The differential gain is responsible for adjusting for future errors, especially when the actual temperature approaches the target temperature. The effect will decrease as the actual temperature approaches the target temperature. The effect of the control will gradually stabilize, causing the control quantity to fluctuate within a smaller range, thereby causing the temperature to approach the target temperature, until it remains at the target temperature. As the integral gain, it is responsible for adjusting the steady-state error. When the external environment disturbs the system, as long as the deviation exists, it will continue to integrate the deviation and feed it back to the temperature riser adjustment force.
[0027] An actuator is the component that controls temperature. It uses control signals to operate heating or cooling equipment to achieve ambient temperature control. An actuator can include a first actuator and a second actuator. The first actuator raises the ambient temperature, and the second actuator lowers it. The first actuator can be an example of a heating element, and the second actuator can be an example of a compressor. The heating element raises the ambient temperature by heating, and the compressor lowers the ambient temperature by cooling.
[0028] In one embodiment, the mold further includes a telescopic locating pin, which is used to apply a blank holder force to press the blank holder ring 2 and the die 3 together. The use of the locating pin facilitates rapid positioning. The telescopic locating pin can also extend and retract through its telescopic mechanism. Driven by electric or hydraulic means, the blank holder ring 2 is pressed against the flange of the die 3, thereby securing the sheet metal 6 portion sandwiched in the middle.
[0029] See attached document Figure 3 Based on the same inventive concept as in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides a mold preparation method for obtaining the mold provided in this application embodiment, comprising the following steps: S10: Design the punch, die, and initial blank holder according to the target part; S20: Hollow structure obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm; S30: A hollow structure is machined on the initial pressure ring to obtain the pressure ring; S40: Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, die, and pressure ring to obtain the target mold.
[0030] In the specific implementation process, the target part, which is the forming part that needs to be stamped, is obtained by designing a mold related to its structure, and stamping the sheet metal 6 into the required shape under the punch 1 and die 3. The blank holder first adopts an initial blank holder with an unopened hollow structure 21. The dimensional parameters of the hollow structure are obtained through finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, the hollow structure 21 is processed on the initial blank holder to obtain the final blank holder 2. Then, multiple heating holes 4 are opened in different areas of the punch 1, die 3 and blank holder 2. The heating temperature control of the area can be achieved by inserting heating rods through the heating holes 4.
[0031] In one embodiment, as shown in the appendix Figure 4 As shown, the hollow structure obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization includes: S201: After given boundary conditions and mesh generation, obtain the node distribution of the initial blank holder according to the mesh nodes of the target part; S202: Uniformly select the center coordinates of multiple regions as design variables, and respond with the level set values randomly sampled within the target interval; S203: An improved response surface is used to establish a functional expression between the central coordinates and the level set values; S204: Obtain the adaptive threshold for each level set by calculating the maximum inter-class variance; S205: Determine the dimensions of the initial hollow structure based on the function surface and adaptive threshold; S206: Based on the initial hollow structure processed on the model of the initial pressure ring, and the hollow structure is obtained according to the finite element analysis results.
[0032] In the specific implementation process, after given boundary conditions and mesh division, the node distribution of the pressure ring is inferred from the mesh nodes of the formed part; the center coordinates of multiple regions are uniformly selected as design variables, and the level set values randomly sampled between [-1,1] are used as responses; an improved response surface is used to establish a functional expression between the center coordinates and the level set values; by calculating the maximum inter-class variance, the adaptive threshold of each level set is obtained; finally, the part that needs to be hollowed out on the pressure ring 2 is determined according to the function surface and the adaptive threshold. For each optimized design, i.e., the pressure ring 2 with hollow structure 21, the finite element model is used to screen and retain the pressure ring 2 with the best final forming effect with hollow structure 21.
[0033] The core formula of the particle swarm optimization algorithm used in this application embodiment is as follows:
[0034] in, The velocity of the particle is denoted by t; t is the current iteration number, and t+1 is the next iteration number. The position of the particle; and The learning factor is typically set to a constant value between 0 and 2. and These are random numbers that follow a uniform distribution between 0 and 1, and are generally constants during the solution process; To find the optimal solution in the process; For the individual optimal solution during the solution process; w is the weight coefficient, a quantity that changes with the number of iterations, and its expression is as follows:
[0035] in, and These represent the lower and upper limits of the weight coefficient values, respectively. rand is a random number with a value range of [0, 1], and randn is a random number in the range of [-1, 1].
[0036] The learning factor is also a quantity that adaptively updates with the number of iterations, and its expression is:
[0037] in, and These are the lower and upper limits of the learning factor, respectively. Let be the maximum number of iterations, and i be the current iteration step. When generating the initial population, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm improves the distribution of the initial population by sampling based on the Latin hypercube, and the learning factor and weight coefficients are adaptively updated with the iteration process, making the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm more accurate and faster.
[0038] In one embodiment, multiple heating holes are formed in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder to obtain the target mold. The mold preparation method further includes: Optimize the parameters of the heating holes; Multiple heating holes are made in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder to obtain the target mold, including: Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, die, and blank holder according to the optimized parameters to obtain the target mold.
[0039] Optimizing heating hole 4 allows the flange, die sidewalls, and bottom to reach different temperatures, thus achieving coarse temperature control. Specifically, the parameters of the heating hole are optimized, including: Determine the target parameters that need to be optimized for the heating holes, and determine the initial range of the target parameters; The initial range of the target parameter is divided into multiple segments, and a random value is assigned to each segment according to the number of segments. Transform the random value into the value corresponding to the target parameter; The converted values are used as input parameters for finite element simulation, and the optimized parameters for the heating holes are obtained based on the results of the finite element simulation.
[0040] In the specific implementation process, as shown in the appendix Figure 5 As shown, first, the parameters to be optimized are determined, namely the target parameters to be optimized: the heating hole diameter is D, the distance between the top of the heating hole and the mold surface is H, and the distance between the side walls of adjacent heating holes is S; second, the initial range of the above parameters is determined, which is obtained according to design experience and specification requirements. For example, the initial range of D can be determined as 8-20mm, the initial range of H as 6-13mm, and the initial range of S as 5-12mm.
[0041] Then, divide the three parameters into N segments, and assign a random value to each segment, where the random value is randomly selected from the range (0, N). After dividing the interval into N segments, convert the random values extracted in the above steps into the corresponding values for each parameter according to the following formula. sv The following formula is required here:
[0042]
[0043] in, The sequence value of each segment interval, in this context, represents the corresponding interval to be moved to, where N is the number of segments. This represents the random value obtained within this interval, where a and b represent the endpoints of the parameter range.
[0044] Each set of determined parameter values is used as input parameter values in the finite element simulation software. The optimal parameter combination is determined through simulation results, resulting in the final optimized heating hole diameter D, the distance H between the top of the heating hole and the mold surface, and the spacing S between the sidewalls of adjacent heating holes. Further, the calculated values (set values) of the hollow structure 21 and hole parameters of the pressure ring 2 are combined in pairs. Each combination is tested through simulation experiments to verify its effect. The best combination is selected as the target parameter selection for this optimization, thus completing the final mold design. It should be noted that the optimal target parameter selection is experimentally verified. The simulation results and experimental results are compared. If the error is within a reasonable range, the optimal parameter optimization result is considered usable; otherwise, problems need to be identified and improved in the optimization method, simulation steps, and experimental steps.
[0045] After the mold design is completed, to save costs, Abaqus simulation is first used to determine the optimal parameter combination. Then, experiments are conducted to verify whether the optimal parameter combination is feasible. This process mainly includes the following steps: The imported model includes a pressure ring 2 with a hollow structure 21, a punch 1, a die 3, and a sheet metal 6. The model was meshed beforehand using Hypermesh software.
[0046] Add attributes: mold material is mold steel, sheet metal attribute is set to 2-series aluminum alloy, and material parameters are set according to the material properties of 2-series aluminum alloy; model is set to shell element, sheet metal thickness is set to 1mm.
[0047] The components are assembled in the following order from top to bottom: punch 1, pressure ring 2, sheet metal 6, and die 3. The initial distance and relative position between each component are given appropriate reference values based on industry data and experience.
[0048] Create a dynamic display analysis step for temperature-displacement coupling, set the time step according to the stamping speed, define parameters such as blank holder force, contact conditions and friction coefficient in the load module and interaction module, and set the element type to Explicit for temperature-displacement coupling in the mesh module.
[0049] To solve the model, create a new job, import the subroutine, set the number of model processors, and submit the job. Using the analysis results, find the optimal parameter combination through repeated debugging and calculations.
[0050] Experimental verification: Determine the appropriate size of the pressure ring according to the mold size, and then process the area determined by the proportionally enlarged horizontal set value through a machine tool to obtain the pressure ring 2 with the hollow structure 21 to be verified; The resulting pressure ring 2 with hollow structure 21 needs to be manually polished to make it smooth and usable if necessary. The parameters of the heating holes 4 on the mold (punch 1, die 3 and pressure ring 2) are also formed by drilling after being enlarged proportionally. The sheet metal 6 is fixed on the die 3, and the pressure ring 2 is pressed on the sheet metal 6. Then, the die is heated by resistance heating. After a period of time, the required temperature is reached by temperature control. The punch 1 is lowered to start stamping. After stamping, the formed part is taken out and cooled. The results are compared with the simulation results. The comparison indicators include, but are not limited to, the uniformity of the thickness of the formed part, the springback amount and the thinning rate.
[0051] See attached document Figure 6 Based on the same inventive concept as in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides a method for using a mold. The mold provided in this application is used in a stamping process, and includes the following steps: S100: Place sheet metal 6 on die 3; S200: Place the pressure ring 2 on the sheet metal 6; S300: A heating rod is inserted into each heating hole 4 for heating; S400: After heating to the specified temperature, pressure is first applied to the pressure ring 2, and then the punch 1 is lowered to stamp in order to prepare the target part.
[0052] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment can be referred to the foregoing embodiment section, and will not be repeated here. In the specific implementation process, firstly, the fixing plate is fixed to the mold base, the die 3 and the punch 1 are fixed to the fixing plate, the sheet metal 6 is placed flat on the die 3 and fixed, and the telescopic positioning pin is pressed against it; the blank holder 2 with the hollow structure 21 is placed on the sheet metal 6, with the hollow structure 21 facing the sheet metal; secondly, a heating rod is placed in the heating hole 4 and heated for a period of time so that the flange, the side wall of the die and punch and the bottom of the die and punch reach the appropriate temperature respectively; then, the temperature of the sheet metal 6 is detected by an infrared thermometer to see if it has reached the specified temperature. If it has not reached the requirement, the thermocouple 5 controls the heating rod to reach the specified temperature; finally, the blank holder 2 is first applied with a blank holder force, and then the punch 1 is lowered to start stamping. The stamping speed should be kept appropriate, and the reciprocating motion realizes the continuous stamping of the sheet metal 6 to continuously produce the target part.
[0053] In one embodiment, the ambient temperature is monitored and a temperature signal is fed back during the stamping process; The controller calculates the control signal based on the temperature signal and the preset temperature range; The actuator operates according to the control signal to control the ambient temperature to increase or decrease.
[0054] In the specific implementation process, as shown in the appendix Figure 7 As shown, ambient temperature is controlled during the stamping process to achieve more precise control. A temperature control system comprises a temperature sensor, a controller, and an actuator. The sensor detects the ambient temperature and converts the temperature signal into an electrical signal, which is then sent to the controller. The controller calculates the control signal based on the temperature signal fed back from the sensor and a preset temperature range. The actuator controls the operation of heating or cooling equipment according to the control signal. For example, a heating element can raise the ambient temperature by heating, while a compressor can lower the ambient temperature by cooling. The adjusted real-time temperature is then fed back through the sensor, achieving a closed-loop temperature control system.
[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element.
[0056] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.
[0057] In summary, this application provides a mold, a mold preparation method, and a method for using the mold. The mold includes a punch, a die, and a blank holder. Multiple heating holes are provided on the punch, die, and blank holder for inserting heating rods. The blank holder has a symmetrical hollow structure, the dimensional parameters of which are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization. By providing heating holes on the punch, die, and blank holder for inserting heating rods, this application enables regional heating to different temperatures to meet different material flow requirements. Simultaneously, the hollow structure on the blank holder, combined with its control over material flow behavior, allows for more precise control of the formed part. The symmetrical arrangement ensures uniform control of flow behavior. Furthermore, since the dimensional parameters of the hollow structure are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization, the optimal parameter scheme can be found within the range required for actual forming and manufacturing, thereby effectively improving the forming quality.
[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A mold, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a punch, a die, and a pressure ring, wherein: the punch, the die, and the pressure ring are each provided with multiple heating holes for inserting heating rods; the pressure ring is provided with a symmetrical hollow structure, and the dimensional parameters of the hollow structure are obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm.
2. The mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mold also includes a temperature control device, which includes a temperature sensor, a controller, and an actuator. The temperature sensor is used to provide feedback on the ambient temperature signal, the controller is used to calculate a control signal based on the temperature signal and a preset temperature range, and the actuator is used to perform ambient temperature control based on the control signal.
3. The mold according to claim 2, characterized in that, The actuator includes a first actuator and a second actuator, wherein the first actuator is used to increase the ambient temperature and the second actuator is used to decrease the ambient temperature.
4. The mold according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mold also includes a telescopic positioning pin, which is used to apply a pressing force to press the pressing ring and the die together.
5. A method for preparing a mold, characterized in that, To obtain the mold as described in any one of claims 1-4, the following steps are included: Design the punch, die, and initial blank holder according to the target part; Hollow structures were obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization algorithm; The hollow structure is machined on the initial pressure ring to obtain the pressure ring; Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, the die, and the pressure ring to obtain the target mold.
6. The mold preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hollow structure obtained based on finite element analysis and particle swarm optimization includes: After given boundary conditions and mesh generation, the node distribution of the initial pressure ring is obtained based on the mesh nodes of the target part; The center coordinates of multiple regions are uniformly selected as design variables, and the level set values are randomly sampled within the target interval as a response. An improved response surface is used to establish a functional expression between the center coordinates and the level set values; By calculating the maximum inter-class variance, an adaptive threshold for each level set is obtained. The dimensions of the initial hollow structure are determined based on the function surface and the adaptive threshold. The initial hollow structure is fabricated on the model of the initial pressure ring, and the hollow structure is obtained based on the finite element analysis results.
7. The mold preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before obtaining the target mold by opening multiple heating holes in different regions of the punch, the die, and the pressure ring, the mold preparation method further includes: The parameters of the heating hole are optimized; The method involves opening multiple heating holes in different areas of the punch, the die, and the pressure ring to obtain the target mold, including: Multiple heating holes are opened in different areas of the punch, the die, and the pressure ring according to optimized parameters to obtain the target mold.
8. The mold preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The optimization of the parameters of the heating hole includes: Determine the target parameters that need to be optimized for the heating hole, and determine the initial range of the target parameters; The initial range of the target parameter is divided into multiple segments, and a random value is assigned to each segment according to the number of segments. Transform the random value into the value corresponding to the target parameter; The converted values are used as input parameters for finite element simulation, and the optimized parameters of the heating hole are obtained based on the results of the finite element simulation.
9. A method of using a mold, characterized in that, Using the mold as described in any one of claims 1-4, applied to a stamping process, the process includes the following steps: Place the sheet metal onto the die; Place the pressure ring on the sheet material; A heating rod is inserted into each heating hole for heating; After heating to the specified temperature, pressure is first applied to the pressure ring, and then the punch is lowered to stamp in order to produce the target part.
10. The method of using the mold according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the stamping process, the ambient temperature is monitored and a temperature signal is fed back. The controller calculates the control signal based on the temperature signal and the preset temperature range; The actuator operates according to the control signal to control the ambient temperature to increase or decrease.