Organic Compounds and Organic Light-Emitting Devices

Abstract

The present invention relates to an organic compound and an organic light-emitting device. An organic compound represented by Formula [1]: R1 to R 27 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. n represents an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less. L represents any one of a plurality of structural formulas or a combination thereof. When n is 2 or more, the plurality of Ls may be the same or different.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to organic compounds and organic light-emitting elements using the organic compounds. Background Technology

[0002] An organic light-emitting element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an "organic electroluminescent element" or "organic EL element") is an electronic device comprising a pair of electrodes and an organic compound layer disposed between the electrodes. Injection of electrons and holes from the pair of electrodes generates excitons in the luminescent organic compound layer, and the organic light-emitting element emits light when the excitons return to the ground state.

[0003] Recent advances in organic light-emitting elements are significant, with examples including low driving voltages, a wide range of emission wavelengths, high-speed responsiveness, and thinning and weight reduction of light-emitting devices.

[0004] Regarding improvements in the efficiency of light-emitting elements, devices using higher-efficiency materials such as phosphorescent or delayed fluorescence materials have been reported.

[0005] As compounds disclosed to date, compound 1-a is described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-270103 (PTL 1). Furthermore, compound 2-a is disclosed in International Publication No. 2017 / 146192 (PTL 2). These compounds have acenaphtho[1,2-k]benzo[e]acephenanthrene as their basic skeleton.

[0006]

[0007] However, since compound 1-a has a structure in which the compound is difficult to orient horizontally, there is room for improvement in terms of luminescence efficiency. Furthermore, since compound 2-a has a long conjugation length, there is room for improvement in terms of color purity. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This implementation scheme is made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and involves providing an organic compound with high luminous efficiency and color purity.

[0009] The organic compounds according to this embodiment are represented by formula [1].

[0010]

[0011] In equation [1], R1 to R 27Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and cyano group. 21 and R 24 A pair and R 22 and R 27 At least one pair of them can bond with each other to form a loop.

[0012] Ar represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups.

[0013] n represents an integer greater than 1 and less than 5.

[0014] L represents any one or a combination of expressions [2] to [7]. When n represents an integer greater than 2, multiple Ls can be the same or different.

[0015]

[0016] In equations [2] to [7], R 101 To R 138 R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups. R a and R b They can bond with each other to form a ring. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Indicates the bonding location.

[0017] The features of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description of the embodiments is illustrated below by way of examples. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of the pixels of a display device according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0019] Figure 1B This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a display device including an organic EL element according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an example of a display device according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a camera device according to one embodiment of this implementation plan.

[0022] Figure 3BThis is a schematic diagram of an example of an electronic instrument according to one embodiment of this implementation scheme.

[0023] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a display device according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of an example of a foldable display device.

[0025] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a lighting device according to one embodiment of this implementation plan.

[0026] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of an example of a motor vehicle with headlights according to one embodiment of this implementation plan.

[0027] Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram of a steering wheel and display unit of a motor vehicle according to one embodiment of this implementation plan.

[0028] Figure 6A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a wearable device according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0029] Figure 6B This is a schematic diagram of an example of a wearable device (including a camera device) according to one embodiment of this implementation scheme.

[0030] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of an example of an exposure light source for an image forming apparatus according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0032] Figure 7C This is a schematic diagram of an example of an exposure light source for an image forming apparatus according to one embodiment of this embodiment.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing the direction of the transition dipole moment and the direction of light emission of organic compounds.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the HOMO orbital distributions of exemplary compound A1 and comparative compound 2-a.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the HOMO orbital distribution of exemplary compounds B24, B42, and A26. Detailed Implementation

[0036] In this specification, halogen atoms are, for example, but not limited to, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or halogen.

[0037] Alkyl groups can be alkyl groups having one or more but less than 20 carbon atoms or alkyl groups having one or more but less than 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, octyl, cyclohexyl, tert-pentyl, 3-methylpent-3-yl, 1-adamantyl, and 2-adamantyl.

[0038] An alkoxy group can be an alkoxy group having one or more but less than 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having one or more but less than 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, 2-ethyl-octoxy, and benzyloxy.

[0039] A silyl group is a group in which the silicon atom has a hydrogen atom or a substituent. The substituent can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. The substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of the silicon atom can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having one or more but fewer than four carbon atoms. The substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of the silicon atom can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having six or more but fewer than ten carbon atoms. The silyl group can be a trialkylsilyl group or a triarylsilyl group. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl.

[0040] The aryl group can be an aryl group having 6 or more but less than 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 or more but less than 18 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 or more but less than 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrene, triphenylene, indene, terphenyl, fluorenyl, pyrene, anthracene, peryl, thionyl, and fluoranthracene.

[0041] The heteroaryl group can be a heteroaryl group having 3 or more but less than 24 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 or more but less than 18 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 3 or more but less than 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiopheneyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiopheneyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, carbazoleyl, acridineyl, and phenanthrolinel.

[0042] The amino group may be a substituted amino group substituted with an alkyl or aryl group, or may be a substituted amino group substituted with an alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, N-benzylamino, N-methyl-N-benzylamino, N,N-dibenzylamino, anilino, N,N-diphenylamino, N,N-dinaphthylamino, N,N-difluorenylamino, N-phenyl-N-tolylamino, N,N-xylidino, N-methyl-N-phenylamino, N,N-diphenoxylamino, N-mesityl-N-phenylamino, N,N-dimesitylamino, N-phenyl-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino, N-phenyl-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)amino, and N-piperidino.

[0043] Specific examples of the aryloxy group include, but are not limited to, phenoxy.

[0044] Specific examples of the heteroaryloxy group include, but are not limited to, thiophenoxy.

[0045] Substituents that the alkyl, alkoxy, amino, aryloxy, silyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryloxy groups may further have are, for example, but not limited to, the following: deuterium; an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, or tert-butyl; an aralkyl group such as benzyl; an aryl group such as phenyl or biphenyl; a heterocyclic group such as pyridyl or pyrrolyl; an amino group such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, or xylidino; an alkoxy group such as methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy; an aryloxy group such as phenoxy; a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine; or a cyano group, etc.

[0046] In the present specification, the basic skeleton means an acenaphtho[1,2-k]benz[e]acephenanthrylene skeleton.

[0047] (1) Organic compound

[0048] The organic compound according to the present embodiment is represented by formula [1].

[0049]

[0050] <<R1 to R 27 >>

[0051] In formula [1], R1 to R 27 each independently selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and a cyano group.

[0052] R1 to R 27 Each of the following can be independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group. R1 to R 27 Each of the following can be independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but no more than six carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having six or more but no more than twelve carbon atoms. R1 to R 27 Each can be independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but no more than six carbon atoms, and phenyl groups. More specifically, R1 to R 27 Each of the following groups can be independently selected: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, methyl, CD3 group, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C(CH3)2(C2H5), C(CH3)(C2H5)2, phenyl, phenyl with cyclohexyl group, and biphenyl. R1 to R 27 Each of the following groups can be independently selected: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, methyl group, CD3 group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, C(CH3)2(C2H5), C(CH3)(C2H5)2, and phenyl group. R1 to R 27 Each can be independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen atom, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C(CH3)(C2H5)2 and phenyl.

[0053] R1 to R 27 At least one of them can be anything other than a hydrogen atom. R1, R3, R5, R 11 R 14 R 16 R 18 R 24 and R 27 At least one of them can be anything other than hydrogen atom, and R1, R3, R5, R 14 R 16 R 18 R 24 and R 27 At least one of them can be anything other than a hydrogen atom. In one aspect of this embodiment, R1, R5, R... 14 and R 18 At least one of them may represent a substituent other than a hydrogen atom, and in this case, the substituent other than a hydrogen atom may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and from the viewpoint of molecular weight, it is preferred to be an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 or more but less than 10 carbon atoms. More specifically, methyl or phenyl is preferred.

[0054] Furthermore, in one aspect of this implementation scheme, R3 and R 16 At least one of the following can represent a substituent other than a hydrogen atom, and in this case, the substituent other than a hydrogen atom can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. From the viewpoint of molecular weight, alkyl groups having one or more but less than six carbon atoms are preferred. More specifically, methyl, tert-butyl, or C(CH3)(C2H5)2 are preferred.

[0055] Furthermore, in one aspect of this implementation scheme, R 24 and R 27 At least one of the substituents may represent a hydrogen atom, and in this case, the substituents other than the hydrogen atom may be substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and from the viewpoint of molecular weight, alkyl groups having one or more but less than four carbon atoms are preferred. More specifically, methyl is preferred.

[0056] In addition, R 21 and R 24 A pair and R 22 and R 27 At least one pair of the pairs can be bonded to each other to form a ring. The ring is preferably represented by formula [1a] or [1b].

[0057]

[0058] In formula [1a], Y represents a sulfide atom, preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

[0059] In equation [1b], R 28 and R 29 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and cyano group. 28 and R 29 They can bond together to form a ring.

[0060] R 28 and R 29 Preferably, each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups; more preferably, each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, fluorine atoms and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but four or fewer carbon atoms; even more preferably, each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms and substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but four or fewer carbon atoms.

[0061] In equations [1a] and [1b], This indicates the bonding position with equation [1].

[0062] By making R 21 and R 24 A pair and R 22 and R 27 The ring formed by combining at least one of the pairs can be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having 5 or more but less than 10 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring having 4 or more but less than 10 carbon atoms. More specifically, the ring preferably forms a 6-membered ring and preferably a benzene ring. This also applies to combinations of R 28 and R 29 The formed ring.

[0063] < <ar>>

[0064] In formula [1], Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. From the viewpoint of molecular weight, Ar preferably represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more but less than 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more but less than 12 carbon atoms, and even more preferably an aryl group having 6 or more but less than 10 carbon atoms. More specifically, Ar may represent phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, triphenylene, or phenanthrene. Phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl are preferred, each of which may have a tert-butyl group as a substituent. More preferably, Ar may represent phenyl or naphthyl.

[0065] When Ar has a substituent, the substituent can be a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. From the viewpoint of molecular weight, a deuterium atom or an alkyl group having one or more but less than six carbon atoms is preferred, an alkyl group having one or more but less than six carbon atoms is more preferred, and an alkyl group having one or more but less than four carbon atoms is even more preferred. More specifically, the substituent can be a deuterium atom, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, triphenylene, or phenanthrene, preferably methyl, tert-butyl, C(CH3)(C2H5)2, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or adamantyl. Tert-butyl or cyclohexyl is more preferred. Tert-butyl is even more preferred.

[0066] Furthermore, when Ar has substituents, it is preferable to introduce the substituents into the adjacent position of L in formula [1].

[0067] < <l>>

[0068] In equation [1], L represents any one of equations [2] to [7] or a combination thereof. For example, when L represents a combination of equations [2] and [3], n, as described later, is 2.

[0069]

[0070] In equations [2] to [7], R 101 To R 138 R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Indicates the bonding location.

[0071] R a and R b It can represent an alkyl group having one or more but less than four carbon atoms or an aryl group having six or more but less than ten carbon atoms; more specifically, it can represent methyl or phenyl. From the viewpoint of molecular weight, methyl is more preferred.

[0072] R a and R b This can represent the formation of a ring through bonding. The ring can be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic ring, and can be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring. More specifically, R a and R b They can bond together to form a fluorene skeleton. In other words, when L is represented by Equation [6], Equation [6] can be a spirofluorene skeleton.

[0073] L can be represented by equations [2] to [7], multiple equations [2], or a combination of equations [2] and [3]. It can be equations [2] to [7] or multiple equations [2], or it can be equations [2], [3], or [4] or multiple equations [2]. In this case, X can represent an oxygen atom.

[0074] In addition, R 101 To R 138 It can represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having one or more but four or fewer carbon atoms, and can represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having one or more but two or fewer carbon atoms. Specific examples can include hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, CD3 groups, and ethyl groups, and can include hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, and ethyl groups.

[0075] < <n>>

[0076] In equation [1], n represents an integer greater than 1 and less than 5. The larger the value of n, the better the molecular orientation; the smaller the value of n, the higher the sublimation. Therefore, n is preferably greater than 1 and less than 3.

[0077] Next, a method for synthesizing the organic compound according to this embodiment will be described. The organic compound according to this embodiment is synthesized, for example, according to the following reaction scheme.

[0078]

[0079] As shown in the above synthesis scheme, the organic compounds according to this embodiment are synthesized using the compounds shown in (a) to (c) below as starting materials.

[0080] (a) Acenaffinone derivatives (E1)

[0081] (b) Dibenzyl ketone derivatives (E2)

[0082] (c) Long-chain aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives (E3)

[0083] Here, by appropriately introducing substituents into compounds (a) to (c), R1 to R in formula (1) 27 Any one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by a predetermined group other than a hydrogen atom. In the above synthetic schemes, various organic compounds can be synthesized by changing E1 to E3 respectively. However, the synthetic methods are not limited to this.

[0084] Next, the organic compound according to this embodiment will be described. The organic compound according to this embodiment has the following structure, and therefore has high luminous efficiency and color purity. In this specification, the emission wavelength of blue light with high color purity refers to light whose emission spectrum in dilute toluene solution has a peak in the range of 430 nm or higher and less than 460 nm.

[0085] (1-1) The horizontal orientation properties are improved because the basic framework has multiple aryl groups in the long axis direction.

[0086] (1-2) When benzene is directly bonded along the long axis of the basic skeleton, π conjugation is unlikely to extend.

[0087] These will be described in detail below.

[0088] (1-1) The horizontal orientation properties are improved because the basic framework has multiple aryl groups in the long axis direction.

[0089] Based on the results of in-depth research, the inventors have discovered that when the basic framework has multiple aryl groups in the long axis direction, the horizontal orientation properties can be improved, and the effect of improving luminescence efficiency can be obtained.

[0090] The horizontal orientation properties of organic compounds can be represented by a statistical parameter called the Pz value. When the Pz value is 0, the organic compound is arranged parallel to the substrate, and when the Pz value is 1, the organic compound is arranged perpendicular to the substrate. Therefore, a smaller Pz value is preferred because the organic compound exhibits improved horizontal orientation properties.

[0091] Figure 8 Describe the transition dipole moment direction and luminescence direction of the organic compound and comparative compound according to this embodiment. For example... Figure 8 As described above, light emitted from the organic compound is extracted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the transition dipole moment in the molecule (a factor that determines the direction and intensity of the electric field emitting light). In the organic compound according to this embodiment, the transition dipole moment in the molecule is along the long axis of the basic framework. Therefore, when the organic compound according to this embodiment is horizontally oriented relative to the substrate, the transition dipole moment in the molecule can also be horizontally oriented relative to the substrate. Therefore, light emitted from the organic compound can be extracted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate. For the above reasons, by improving the horizontal orientation property of the organic compound according to this embodiment, an organic compound with high luminous efficiency can be obtained.

[0092] To clarify the relationship between the horizontal orientation properties of organic compounds and their luminescence efficiency, the Pz values ​​and luminescence efficiencies of the organic compounds and comparative compounds according to this embodiment were measured and compared. Table 1 shows the results. The Pz values ​​were measured using a "Molecular Orientation Characteristic Measurement Apparatus C14234-01" manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics KK for films having the same structure as the luminescent layer formed on silica glass by vacuum deposition. The luminescence efficiency is a relative value when the luminescence efficiency of Comparative Example 2 is taken as 1.0.

[0093] Table 1

[0094]

[0095] According to Table 1, the Pz values ​​of the organic compounds according to this embodiment are 0.03 and 0.05, which are lower than the Pz values ​​of comparative compounds 1-a and 1-b. It is believed that the smaller Pz values ​​are due to the presence of substituents along the long axis of the basic skeleton in the organic compounds according to this embodiment. The smaller Pz values ​​are considered to lead to improved horizontal orientation properties and improved light extraction efficiency of the organic compounds, resulting in higher luminescence efficiency.

[0096] On the other hand, comparative compound 1-a has a structure in which one benzene group is bonded in each of the long and short axis directions of the organic compound. Comparative compound 1-b has a structure in which multiple benzene groups forming aryl groups are bonded in the short axis direction of the organic compound, but only one phenyl group is bonded in the long axis direction. In these compounds, the organic compound does not have multiple aryl groups in the long axis direction and has a larger Pz value than the organic compound according to the present embodiment. Therefore, the organic compound according to the present embodiment has a higher horizontal orientation property and thus a higher luminous efficiency than the comparative compounds.

[0097] Therefore, it has been found that the organic compounds according to this embodiment have small Pz values ​​by bonding multiple aryl groups in the long axis direction of the organic compounds, and thus the horizontal orientation properties of the basic skeleton are improved.

[0098] (1-2) When benzene is directly bonded along the long axis of the basic skeleton, π conjugation is unlikely to extend.

[0099] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, π-conjugation is unlikely to extend when benzene is directly bonded along the long axis of the basic skeleton. Therefore, the organic compounds according to this embodiment can provide blue luminescence with high color purity.

[0100] As described above, the organic compound according to this embodiment is substituted with multiple aryl groups along the long axis direction of the transition dipole moment, which serves as the basic framework, to reduce the Pz value, which also leads to the extension of π-conjugation. Since the extension of π-conjugation leads to an increase in the emission wavelength of the organic compound, it is necessary to reduce the extension of π-conjugation to obtain blue emission with high color purity. Therefore, the inventors have discovered that when benzene is directly bonded to the basic framework along the long axis direction, the horizontal orientation properties of the basic framework can be improved while reducing the extension of π-conjugation.

[0101] Table 2 shows the emission wavelengths and Pz values ​​of the organic compound and comparative compound 2-a according to this embodiment. Figure 9 The HOMO distributions of these compounds are shown.

[0102] Table 2

[0103]

[0104] Table 2 shows that A1, as an organic compound according to this embodiment, has a Pz value equal to or higher than that of comparative compound 2-a and emits blue light with a shorter wavelength than that of comparative compound 2-a. This may be because the extension of π-conjugation can be reduced through direct bonding of benzene to the basic skeleton. For example, reference Figure 9 In exemplary compound A1, π-conjugation extends over the basic skeleton and the phenyl group directly bonded to the basic skeleton, and the π-conjugation breaks between the phenyl and naphthyl groups. On the other hand, in comparative compound 2-a, π-conjugation extends to both the basic skeleton and the naphthyl group directly bonded to the basic skeleton. Therefore, compared to comparative compound 2-a, the organic compound according to this embodiment can suppress the extension of π-conjugation. Therefore, the emission wavelength of the organic compound according to this embodiment is 11 nm shorter than that of comparative compound 2-a. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment can emit blue light with high color purity.

[0105] Since substituents bonded to substituents directly bonded to the basic skeleton do not participate in the extension of π-conjugation, substituents can be fused polycyclic substituents.

[0106] The above-mentioned electron orbital distribution is visualized through molecular orbital calculations. Density functional theory (DFT), which is widely used, is employed as the method for molecular orbital calculations. B3LYP is used as the functional, and 6-31G... Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the gaussian 09(Gaussian 09,C. 01) spectrometers, MJFrisch, and GW HB Schlegel, MA Robb, G. Barone, GA Petersson, M. Li, HP Izmaylov. Zheng, M. Ehara, J. Ishida, Y. Nakai, J.J Peralta, M. Bearpark, E. Kudin, T. Kobayashi, K. Raghavachari, and J. C. Burant Iyengar, M. Rega, M. Klene, J. Bakken, J. Jaramillo, R. A. Ajaustin. Cammi, JW Ochterski, K Morokuma, GA Salvador, S. Dapprich, JB Foresman, and JV Ortiz Fox,Gaussian, Inc.,Wallingford CT,2010).The molecular orbital calculations in this manual use the same method.

[0107] For the reasons stated above, the organic compound according to this embodiment has multiple aryl groups in the direction relative to the long axis of the basic skeleton, and thus its horizontal orientation properties are improved. Furthermore, when the aryl group directly bonded to the basic skeleton is phenyl, the elongation of π-conjugation can be reduced. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment exhibits high color purity and luminescence efficiency.

[0108] Furthermore, the organic compound according to this embodiment preferably has the following structure.

[0109] (1-3)R 24 and R 27 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0110] (1-4)R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

[0111] (1-5) Ar, R3 and R 16 At least one of them has a secondary alkyl group or a tertiary alkyl group.

[0112] These constructions will be described below.

[0113] (1-3)R 24 and R 27 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0114] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, R 24 and R 27 At least one of them preferably represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. This configuration can further suppress the extension of π-conjugation and further reduce the emission wavelength. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment emits blue light with high color purity.

[0115] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, R 24 and R 27 At least one of them preferably represents an alkyl group having one or more but less than six carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having one or more but less than four carbon atoms. More specifically, it can be methyl, CD3 group, ethyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl, and can be methyl or CD3 group, and can be methyl. R 24 and R 27 Preferably, it indicates a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0116] Table 3 shows the emission wavelengths and Pz values ​​of exemplary compounds A26, B42, and B24 (organic compounds according to this embodiment). Figure 10 The HOMO orbital distributions of these compounds are shown.

[0117] Table 3

[0118]

[0119] Table 3 shows that exemplary compounds A26, B24, and B42 (organic compounds according to this embodiment) have different emission wavelengths. Reference Figure 10 The HOMO orbital distribution shown in the figure, where R 24 and R 27 The HOMO orbital distribution of the exemplary compound B24, representing methyl groups, extends only to the basic skeleton, and where R... 27 The HOMO orbital distribution of the exemplary compound B42, representing methyl groups, extends to both the basic skeleton and the phenyl group directly bonded to the basic skeleton. On the other hand, where R... 24 and R 27 The HOMO orbital distribution of the exemplary compound A26, which is a hydrogen atom, extends not only to the basic skeleton and phenyl groups directly bonded to the basic skeleton, but also to phenyl groups further bonded to phenyl groups.

[0120] This is because when R 24 and R 27 When at least one of the components represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, the basic skeleton and the substituents bonded to the basic skeleton are arranged in a distorted manner, making it unlikely that the HOMO orbital distribution will expand. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment emits blue light with a shorter wavelength while maintaining the Pz value, and thus has high color purity.

[0121] (1-4)R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

[0122] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them preferably represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. This structure can further suppress intermolecular stacking of organic compounds and thus improve sublimation. In addition, the suppression of intermolecular stacking can also suppress concentration quenching and thus improve photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY).

[0123] In particular, improved sublimability is important for increasing the purity of organic compounds. Typically, when organic compounds are used in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), impurities are removed through sublimation purification. Therefore, organic compounds with high sublimability can be purified by sublimation to produce high-purity organic compounds. This further reduces device degradation due to impurities during device operation; therefore, a large sublimation margin temperature is preferred. Furthermore, high sublimability is preferable for organic compounds because decomposition of the organic compound can be reduced during sublimation purification or vapor deposition. The sublimation margin temperature is the difference between the decomposition temperature and the sublimation temperature (the temperature at which sublimation begins) of the organic compound. The decomposition temperature of the organic compound can be defined as the temperature at which vacuum deteriorates.

[0124] Table 4 shows the sublimation margin temperature and element durability ratio of C8, C5, C56 and B22, which are organic compounds according to this embodiment.

[0125] Table 4

[0126]

[0127] Table 4 shows the values ​​of R1, R5, and R... 14 and R 18 Exemplary compounds C8, C5, and C56, representing at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, have a higher degree of substitution than R1, R5, R6. 14 and R 18 The exemplary compound B22 represents the high sublimation margin temperature of hydrogen atoms. Therefore, exemplary compounds C8, C5, and C56 are more durable than exemplary compound B22.

[0128] The basic framework of the organic compound according to this embodiment has a highly planar structure and is prone to intermolecular stacking. Therefore, when R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 When at least one of the substituents represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, these substituents can adequately cover the basic skeleton. This is believed to further enhance the effect of suppressing intermolecular stacking, increase the sublimation margin temperature, and result in high component durability.

[0129] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them preferably represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group because the Pz value decreases. Using the above method, the Pz values ​​of exemplary compounds C4 and C7 were determined to be 0.05 and 0.06, respectively, and it was found that when R1, R5, R... 14 and R 18 When at least one of R1, R5, and R6 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, the horizontal orientation properties are improved. It is believed that when R1, R5, and R6 represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, the horizontal orientation properties are improved. 14 and R 18 When at least one of the alkyl groups represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, it is more likely to interact with the basic skeleton, resulting in improved horizontal orientation properties of the organic compound according to this embodiment. For the above reasons, in the organic compound according to this embodiment, R1, R5, R... 14 and R 18 At least one of them preferably represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0130] (1-5) Ar, R3 and R 16 At least one of them has a secondary alkyl group or a tertiary alkyl group.

[0131] In the organic compounds according to this embodiment, Ar, R3 and R 16 At least one of them has a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, which can further suppress intermolecular stacking and further reduce concentration quenching. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment is an organic compound with high PLQY. The secondary or tertiary alkyl group can be isopropyl or tert-butyl, and these alkyl groups are preferred due to their bulky structure.

[0132] Secondary or tertiary alkyl groups can be bonded to Ar, R3, and R via aryl or heteroaryl groups. 16 From a molecular weight perspective, Ar, R3, or R 16 At least one of them preferably represents a secondary alkyl or a tertiary alkyl, more preferably isopropyl or tert-butyl, and even more preferably tert-butyl.

[0133] Table 5 shows the PLQY and Pz values ​​of D9 and B19, which are organic compounds according to this embodiment. PLQY was measured using an "Absolute PL Quantum Yield Measurement System" manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics KK on a 30 nm thin film formed on silica glass by vacuum deposition at a ratio of 99 wt% of a host material and 1 wt% of a guest material (the organic compound according to this embodiment).

[0134] Table 5

[0135]

[0136] Table 5 shows Ar, R3, and R. 16 The exemplary compound D9, representing a tert-butyl group of a tert-alkyl group, has a higher content than Ar, R3, and R... 16 The exemplary compound B22, representing a hydrogen atom, has a high PLQY. This is likely due to the presence of Ar, R3, and R... 16 The presence of a bulky alkyl group helps to suppress intermolecular stacking. Therefore, the organic compound according to this embodiment has a high PLQY because of Ar, R3, and R... 16 At least one of them has a secondary alkyl group or a tertiary alkyl group.

[0137] The following describes specific examples of organic compounds according to this embodiment. However, this embodiment is not limited thereto. It should be noted that structural isomers of the following compounds are also included as exemplary compounds.

[0138]

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147]

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] Among these exemplary compounds, the group of compounds in group A includes those wherein R 24 and R 27 These are compounds containing hydrogen or deuterium atoms. Therefore, compounds belonging to Group A exhibit the effect of emitting light with a longer wavelength in the organic compounds according to this embodiment, and have particularly high durability.

[0151] Among the exemplary compounds described above, the compound belonging to group B is R. 24 and R 27 At least one of the compounds in Group B represents an alkyl group. In a phenyl group directly bonded to the basic skeleton, substituents at the ortho position relative to the basic skeleton cause the phenyl group to twist relative to the basic skeleton and suppress the extension of π-conjugation. Therefore, compounds belonging to Group B exhibit the effect of emitting blue light with shorter emission wavelengths and high color purity.

[0152] In the above exemplary compounds, in compounds belonging to group C, R1, R5, and R in formula [1] 14 and R 18 At least one of them has a substituent. Therefore, the basic skeleton, which is twisted relative to the phenyl group bonded along the short axis, reduces intermolecular stacking and improves sublimation. Thus, compounds belonging to group C have higher component durability.

[0153] In the above exemplary compounds, compounds belonging to group D have R3 and R in formula [1]. 16 Both Ar and Ar contain bulky substituents. This reduces intermolecular stacking, so compounds belonging to group D exhibit the effect of suppressing concentration quenching and improving PLQY when used as guest materials for luminescent layers.

[0154] (2) Organic light-emitting element

[0155] Next, an organic light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. The organic light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer between the electrodes. One of the first electrode and the second electrode is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode. In the organic light-emitting element according to the present embodiment, the organic compound layer can be a single layer or a stack of multiple layers, provided that the organic compound layer includes a light-emitting layer. The organic compound according to the present embodiment can be contained in the organic compound layer, and is preferably contained in the light-emitting layer. When the organic compound layer is a stack of multiple layers, in addition to the light-emitting layer, the organic compound layer may also include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole / exciton blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, etc. The light-emitting layer can be a single layer or a stack of multiple layers. When the light-emitting layer is composed of multiple layers, a charge generation layer can be disposed between the layers. The charge generation layer can be composed of a compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level lower than the LUMO energy level of the hole transport layer, and can have a LUMO energy level lower than the HOMO energy level of the hole transport layer. Here, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the organic compound layer can be the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the organic compound with the highest weight ratio in the organic compound layer.

[0156] Here, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels are described as "higher" because their values ​​are close to the vacuum energy level. The fact that the LUMO energy level of the charge generation layer is lower than the HOMO energy level of the hole transport layer means that the LUMO energy level of the charge generation layer is further away from the vacuum energy level than the HOMO energy level of the hole transport layer.

[0157] In this specification, molecular orbital calculations can be used to calculate HOMO and LUMO energy levels.

[0158] The HOMO and LUMO energy levels mentioned in this specification can also be calculated using ionization potential and band gap. The HOMO energy level can be estimated by measuring the ionization potential. After dissolving the compound to be measured in a solvent such as toluene or forming a vapor-deposited film of the compound on a substrate such as glass, the ionization potential can be measured using a measuring device such as an AC-3. The band gap can be measured by dissolving the compound to be measured in a solvent such as toluene and then irradiating it with excitation light. The band gap can be determined by measuring the absorption edge of the absorption spectrum of the excitation light. Alternatively, the band gap can be determined by vapor-depositing the compound to be measured on a substrate such as glass and irradiating the vapor-deposited film with excitation light. The band gap can be determined by measuring the absorption edge of the absorption spectrum of the vapor-deposited film absorbing the excitation light.

[0159] The LUMO level can be calculated using the band gap and ionization potential values. The LUMO level can be estimated by subtracting the ionization potential from the band gap.

[0160] The LUMO level can also be estimated from the reduction potential. For example, the single-electron reduction potential can be estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). For instance, Ag / Ag ＋ The CV was measured in a 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate DMF solution using Pt as the counter electrode and glassy carbon as the working electrode. The LUMO level can be estimated by adding -4.8 eV to the difference between the reduction potential of the compound and the reduction potential of ferrocene.

[0161] In an organic light-emitting element according to one embodiment of this embodiment, when the organic compound according to this embodiment is included in the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer may be a layer composed solely of the organic compound according to this embodiment, or it may be a layer composed of the organic compound according to this embodiment and other compounds. When the light-emitting layer is a layer composed of the organic compound according to this embodiment and other compounds, the organic compound according to this embodiment may be used as a host material or guest material of the light-emitting layer. It may also be used as an auxiliary material that may be included in the light-emitting layer. As used herein, the term "host material" is also called "host" or "first compound" and refers to the compound having the highest mass ratio among the compounds constituting the light-emitting layer. As used herein, the term "guest material" is also called "guest," "dopant material," "dopant," or "third compound" and refers to the compound having a lower mass ratio than the host among the compounds constituting the light-emitting layer and being responsible for the main light emission. Therefore, the guest material is sometimes also called the light-emitting material. The auxiliary material is also called "auxiliary" or "second compound" and refers to the compound having a lower mass ratio than the host material among the compounds constituting the light-emitting layer and assisting the guest material in emitting light. The auxiliary material is also called the second host.

[0162] Here, the lowest singlet state excitation energy of the host material is represented by S1(H), the lowest singlet state excitation energy of the guest material is represented by S1(D), and the lowest singlet state excitation energy of the auxiliary material is represented by S1(A). The guest material can be considered as an organic compound according to this embodiment. In this case, the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment preferably satisfies S1(H) > S1(D) or S1(H) > S1(A) > S1(D). When the lowest singlet state excitation energy of the compound contained in the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment satisfies the above relationship, excitons can be effectively transferred to the guest material, thus the organic light-emitting element has higher luminous efficiency.

[0163] When the organic compound according to this embodiment is used as the guest material of the light-emitting layer, the concentration of the guest material relative to the entire light-emitting layer can be 0.01% by mass or more and less than 50% by mass, preferably 0.01% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and less than 10% by mass, and even more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and less than 5% by mass.

[0164] When the light-emitting layer further includes auxiliary materials, the auxiliary materials may account for more than 1% by mass and less than 50% by mass relative to the entire light-emitting layer, preferably more than 10% by mass and less than 50% by mass. The object may account for more than 0.01% by mass and less than 20% by mass, preferably more than 0.01% by mass and less than 5% by mass.

[0165] The inventors have conducted various studies and discovered that the organic compounds according to this embodiment can be used as host or guest materials in the light-emitting layer, particularly as guest materials in the light-emitting layer, to provide an element with highly efficient bright light output and very high durability. The light-emitting layer can be a single layer or multiple layers, or it can contain light-emitting materials with other emission colors to mix with the blue emission color of this embodiment. As used herein, the term "multilayer" refers to a stack of light-emitting layers and other light-emitting layers. In this case, the emission color of the organic light-emitting element is not limited to blue. More specifically, the color can be white or a neutral color. For white emission, other light-emitting layers emit light of colors other than blue, such as red or green. The film is formed by vapor deposition or coating. This will be described in detail in the exemplary embodiments below.

[0166] The organic compound according to this embodiment can be used as a constituent material of organic compound layers other than the light-emitting layer constituting the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. More specifically, the organic compound can be used as a constituent material of electron transport layers, electron injection layers, hole transport layers, hole injection layers, or hole blocking layers, etc. In this case, the emission color of the organic light-emitting element is not limited to blue. More specifically, the emission color can be white or a neutral color.

[0167] (3) Other compounds

[0168] In addition to the organic compounds according to this embodiment, known low- or high-molecular-weight hole-injecting or hole-transporting compounds, host materials, luminescent compounds, electron-injecting or electron-transporting compounds, etc., may be used as needed. Examples of these compounds are described below.

[0169] Hole-injecting / transporting materials are preferably those that facilitate hole injection from the positive electrode and possess high hole mobility to transport the injected holes to the light-emitting layer. Furthermore, materials with high glass transition temperatures are preferred to reduce film quality degradation, such as crystallization, in organic light-emitting elements. Low- or high-molecular-weight materials with hole-injecting / transporting properties can be triarylamine derivatives, arylcarbazole derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, violet derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole, polythiophene, or other conductive polymers. Hole-injecting / transporting materials are also suitable for electron-blocking layers. Specific examples of compounds that can be used as hole-injecting / transporting materials include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0170]

[0171] Besides organic compounds represented by formula [1], guest materials mainly involved in luminescence function can be fused ring compounds (e.g., fluorene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, tetraphenylene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, or fluorene, etc.), quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, zirconia derivatives, organoaluminum complexes such as tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum, iridium complexes, platinum complexes, rhenium complexes, copper complexes, europium complexes, ruthenium complexes, or polymeric derivatives such as poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, or polyphenylene derivatives. Specific examples of compounds that can be used as luminescent materials include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0172]

[0173] The host or auxiliary material in the luminescent layer can be an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or its derivative, a carbazole derivative, a dibenzofuran derivative, a dibenzothiophene derivative, an organoaluminum complex such as tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, or an organoberyllium complex. Specific examples of compounds used as the host or auxiliary material in the luminescent layer include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0174]

[0175] In EM1 to EM40, the host material can be a hydrocarbon compound with fused polycyclic hydrocarbon groups. Specific examples include EM1 to EM12 and EM16 to EM27.

[0176] Electron-transporting materials can be optionally selected from materials capable of transporting electrons injected from the negative electrode to the light-emitting layer, and the selection is made considering factors such as the balance with the hole mobility of hole-transporting materials. Materials with electron-transporting properties can be oxadiazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, triazole derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, organoaluminum complexes, or fused-ring compounds (e.g., fluorene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives, thionyl derivatives, or anthracene derivatives, etc.). Furthermore, electron-transporting materials are also suitable for hole-blocking layers. Specific examples of compounds that can be used as electron-transporting materials include, but are not limited to, the following.

[0177]

[0178] The electron-injecting material can be optionally selected from materials that can be easily injected with electrons from the negative electrode, and the selection is made with consideration of the balance with hole injection. It can contain n-type dopants or reducing dopants as organic compounds. Examples include alkali metal compounds such as lithium fluoride, lithium complexes such as lithium 8-hydroxyquinolinol, benzimidazolidene derivatives, imidazolidene derivatives, fulvalene derivatives, and acridine derivatives.

[0179] (4) Structure of organic light-emitting elements

[0180] The constituent components constituting the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment will now be described.

[0181] An organic light-emitting element includes an insulating layer, a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a second electrode on a substrate. A protective layer, a color filter, or a microlens can be disposed on the second electrode. When a color filter is disposed, a planarization layer can be disposed between the protective layer and the color filter. The planarization layer can be made of an acrylic resin or the like. This also applies when a planarization layer is disposed between the color filter and the microlens.

[0182] [Substrate]

[0183] The substrate can be made of quartz, glass, silicon wafer, resin, or metal, etc. Furthermore, switching elements such as transistors or wiring can be disposed on the substrate, and an insulating layer can be disposed thereon. The insulating layer can be made of any material, provided that it has contact holes for wiring between the insulating layer and the first electrode and is insulated from unconnected wiring. For example, the insulating layer can be formed from resins such as polyimide, silicon oxide, or silicon nitride.

[0184] [electrode]

[0185] A pair of electrodes can be used as electrodes. This pair of electrodes is a first electrode and a second electrode. More specifically, the pair of electrodes can be a positive electrode and a negative electrode. When an electric field is applied in the direction in which the organic light-emitting element emits light, the electrode with the higher potential is the positive electrode, and the other is the negative electrode. Alternatively, the electrode that supplies holes to the light-emitting layer is the positive electrode, and the electrode that supplies electrons is the negative electrode.

[0186] The material constituting the positive electrode can have the largest possible work function. Examples include metallic elements such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, or tungsten; mixtures thereof; alloys thereof; and metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), or indium zinc oxide. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene can also be used.

[0187] These electrode materials can be used alone or in combination. The positive electrode can consist of one or more layers.

[0188] When used as a reflective electrode, materials such as chromium, aluminum, silver, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, their alloys, or laminates thereof can be used. These materials can also be used as reflective films that do not function as electrodes. When used as a transparent electrode, oxide transparent conductive layers such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide can be used, but the electrode is not limited to these. The electrode can be formed by photolithography.

[0189] The negative electrode can be made of materials with a low work function. For example, alkali metals such as lithium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium, or metallic elements such as aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, or chromium, or mixtures thereof, can be used. Alloys of these metallic elements can also be used. For example, magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium, silver-copper, or zinc-silver can be used. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) can also be used. These electrode materials can be used alone or in combination. The negative electrode can consist of one or more layers. Silver is preferred, and silver alloys are more preferred to reduce silver aggregation. The alloy ratio is not particularly limited as long as it reduces silver aggregation. For example, the ratio of silver to another metal can be 1:1 or 3:1, etc.

[0190] The negative electrode can be, but is not limited to, an oxide conductive layer such as ITO for top emitter elements or a reflective electrode such as aluminum (Al) for bottom emitter elements. There are no particular restrictions on the method used to form the negative electrode, but DC or AC sputtering methods are preferred because the film coverage is good and the resistance is easily reduced.

[0191] [Organic compound layer]

[0192] The organic compound layer can be formed as a single layer or multiple layers. Depending on their function, multiple layers can be referred to as a hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer, or electron injection layer. The organic compound layer is primarily composed of organic compounds and may contain inorganic atoms or inorganic compounds. For example, it may contain copper, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, or zinc. The organic compound layer can be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and can be configured to contact the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0193] The organic compound layer (hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer or electron injection layer, etc.) constituting the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment is formed by the following method.

[0194] The organic compound layer constituting the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment can be formed by a dry process such as vacuum deposition, ionization deposition, sputtering, or plasma. Instead of a dry process, a wet process can also be used in which the layer is formed using a suitable solvent by a known coating method (e.g., spin coating, dip coating, casting, LB coating, or inkjet coating).

[0195] Here, when forming a layer using methods such as vacuum deposition or solution coating, crystallization is unlikely to occur, resulting in high stability over time. When forming a film using a coating method, it can be combined with a suitable binder resin to form the film.

[0196] The adhesive resin may be, but is not limited to, polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, or urea-formaldehyde resin, etc.

[0197] These adhesive resins can be used alone as homopolymers or copolymers, or as a mixture of two or more of them. Furthermore, known additives such as plasticizers, oxidation inhibitors, or UV absorbers can be used in combination as needed.

[0198] [Protective Layer]

[0199] A protective layer can be formed on the negative electrode. For example, a glass sheet containing a desiccant can be bonded to the negative electrode to reduce the amount of water entering the organic compound layer and thus reduce the occurrence of display defects. In other embodiments, a passivation film such as silicon nitride can be formed on the negative electrode to reduce the amount of water entering the organic compound layer. For example, after forming the negative electrode, it can be transferred to another chamber without breaking the vacuum, and a silicon nitride film with a thickness of 2 μm can be formed as a protective layer by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). After forming the film by CVD, the protective layer can be formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The film formed by ALD can be formed from any material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or aluminum oxide. Silicon nitride can be further formed on the film formed by ALD by CVD. The film formed by ALD can have a smaller thickness than the film formed by CVD. More specifically, the thickness of the film formed by ALD can be less than 50% or even less than 10% of the thickness of the film formed by CVD.

[0200] [Color Filter]

[0201] Color filters can be disposed on the protective layer. For example, considering the size of the organic light-emitting element, the color filter can be disposed on another substrate, and the other substrate can be bonded to the substrate on which the organic light-emitting element is disposed, or the color filter can be patterned on the aforementioned protective layer using photolithography. The color filter can be made of polymer.

[0202] [Planning Layer]

[0203] A planarization layer can be provided between the color filter and the protective layer. The planarization layer is provided to reduce the unevenness of the underlying layer. For any purpose, the planarization layer is sometimes referred to as a material resin layer. The planarization layer can be composed of an organic compound, which can have a low or high molecular weight, preferably a high molecular weight.

[0204] The planarization layer can be disposed above and below the color filter, and its constituent materials can be the same or different. Specific examples include polyvinylcarbazole resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, ABS resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, and urea-formaldehyde resin.

[0205] [Microlens]

[0206] The organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment may have optical components such as microlenses on its light-emitting side. The microlenses may be made of acrylic resin or epoxy resin, etc. The microlenses can be used to increase the amount of light extracted from the organic light-emitting element and to control the direction of the extracted light. The microlenses may have a hemispherical shape. For a hemispherical microlens, the vertex of the microlens is the contact point between the hemisphere and a tangent parallel to the insulating layer in the tangent line contacting the hemisphere. In any cross-sectional view, the vertex of the microlens can be determined in the same way. More specifically, in a cross-sectional view, the vertex of the microlens is the contact point between the semicircle of the microlens and a tangent parallel to the insulating layer in the tangent line contacting the semicircle.

[0207] The midpoint of a microlens can also be defined. In the cross-section of a microlens, the midpoint of the line segment from one endpoint of the arc to the other can be called the midpoint of the microlens. The cross-section that determines the vertex and midpoint can be a cross-section perpendicular to the insulating layer.

[0208] [Opposing substrate]

[0209] A counter substrate can be disposed on the planarization layer. The counter substrate is disposed at a position corresponding to the aforementioned substrate, and is therefore called a counter substrate. The material of the counter substrate can be the same as the material of the aforementioned substrate. When the aforementioned substrate is a first substrate, the counter substrate can be a second substrate.

[0210] [Pixel Circuit]

[0211] The light-emitting device may include pixel circuitry connected to a light-emitting element. The pixel circuitry may be an active matrix type that independently controls the emission of light from a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element. The active matrix type circuitry may be voltage-programmable or current-programmable. The driving circuitry has pixel circuitry for each pixel. The pixel circuitry may include a light-emitting element, a transistor for controlling the emission brightness of the light-emitting element, a transistor for controlling the timing of emission, a capacitor for maintaining the gate voltage of the transistor for controlling the emission brightness, and a transistor for a GND connection that does not pass through the light-emitting element.

[0212] The light-emitting device includes a display area and a peripheral area surrounding the display area. The display area includes pixel circuitry, and the peripheral area includes display control circuitry. The mobility of the transistors constituting the pixel circuitry may be less than the mobility of the transistors constituting the display control circuitry.

[0213] The gradient of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistors constituting the pixel circuit can be smaller than the gradient of the current-voltage characteristic of the transistors constituting the display control circuit. The gradient of the current-voltage characteristic can be determined by the so-called Vg-Ig characteristic.

[0214] The transistors that make up the pixel circuit are transistors connected to light-emitting elements such as the first light-emitting element.

[0215] [pixel]

[0216] An organic light-emitting element has multiple pixels. Each pixel includes subpixels that emit light of a different color. Subpixels can have, for example, RGB emission colors.

[0217] Within each pixel, an area also known as the pixel aperture emits light. This area is the same as the first area. The pixel aperture can be less than 15 μm or greater than 5 μm. More specifically, the pixel aperture can be 11 μm, 9.5 μm, 7.4 μm, or 6.4 μm, etc.

[0218] The distance between subpixels can be less than 10μm, more specifically, 8μm, 7.4μm or 6.4μm.

[0219] In a planar image, pixels can be arranged in a known manner. Examples include stripe arrangements, triangle arrangements, PenTile arrangements, and Bayer arrangements. Each sub-pixel in a planar image can have any known shape. Examples include quadrilaterals such as rectangles and rhombuses, as well as hexagons. Rectangles also include shapes that are not strictly rectangular but approximate rectangles. The shape of each sub-pixel and the pixel array can be combined.

[0220] (5) Application of organic light-emitting elements according to this implementation plan

[0221] The organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment can be used as a component of image display devices, display devices, or lighting devices. Other applications include: display units of image display devices that include display units and housings in which display units are disposed; exposure light sources of electrophotographic image forming equipment; backlights of liquid crystal display devices; and light-emitting devices that include color filters in white light sources.

[0222] The display device may be an image information processor, which includes an image input unit that receives image information from a CCD array, a linear CCD array, or a memory card, an information processing unit that processes the input information, and displays the input image on the display unit.

[0223] The display unit of a camera device or inkjet printer may have a touch panel function. The driving method for this touch panel function may be, but is not limited to, infrared, capacitive, resistive film, or electromagnetic induction methods. Furthermore, the display device may be used as the display unit of a multifunction printer.

[0224] Next, the display device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0225] Figure 1A and Figure 1B This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a display device including an organic light-emitting element and a transistor connected to the organic light-emitting element. A transistor is an example of an active element. The transistor can be a thin-film transistor (TFT).

[0226] Figure 1A This is an example of a pixel as a component of a display device according to this embodiment. The pixel includes sub-pixels 10. Sub-pixels are classified as 10R, 10G, and 10B based on their emitted colors. The emitted colors can be distinguished by the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer, or the light emitted from the sub-pixel can be selectively transmitted or undergo color conversion via a color filter, etc. Each sub-pixel includes a reflective electrode 2 serving as a first electrode, an insulating layer 3 covering the end of the reflective electrode 2, an organic compound layer 4 covering the first electrode and the insulating layer, a transparent electrode 5, a protective layer 6, and a color filter 7 on the interlayer insulating layer 1.

[0227] Transistor and / or capacitor elements may be disposed below or inside the interlayer insulating layer 1. The transistor may be electrically connected to the first electrode via a contact hole (not shown).

[0228] The insulating layer 3 is also called a bank or pixel separation film. The insulating layer 3 covers the end of the first electrode and surrounds the first electrode. The portion of the first electrode not covered by the insulating layer is in contact with the organic compound layer 4 and serves as the light-emitting area.

[0229] The organic compound layer 4 includes a hole injection layer 41, a hole transport layer 42, a first light-emitting layer 43, a second light-emitting layer 44, and an electron transport layer 45.

[0230] The second electrode 5 can be a transparent electrode, a reflective electrode, or a semi-transparent electrode.

[0231] Protective layer 6 reduces the penetration of moisture into the organic compound layer. The protective layer is shown as a single layer, but it can be multiple layers. Protective layer 6 may include inorganic compound layers and organic compound layers.

[0232] Color filters 7 are classified into 7R, 7G, and 7B according to their color. Color filters can be formed on a planarization film (not shown). Furthermore, a resin protective layer (not shown) can be provided on the color filter. Color filters can be formed on the protective layer 6. Alternatively, color filters 7 can be bonded after being disposed on opposing substrates such as a glass substrate.

[0233] Figure 1B The display device 100 includes an organic light-emitting element 26 and a TFT 18, which is an example of a transistor. The display device 100 includes a substrate 11 made of glass or silicon, and an insulating layer 12 on the substrate 11. The display device 100 includes an active element 18, such as a TFT, on the insulating layer, as well as a gate electrode 13, a gate insulating film 14, and a semiconductor layer 15 for the active element. The active element 18 also includes the semiconductor layer 15, a drain electrode 16, and a source electrode 17. An insulating film 19 is disposed above the active element 18. The positive electrode 21 of the organic light-emitting element 26 is connected to the source electrode 17 through a contact hole 20 formed in the insulating film.

[0234] The method for electrically connecting the electrodes (positive and negative electrodes) of the organic light-emitting element 26 to the electrodes (source and drain electrodes) of the TFT is not limited to... Figure 1B The illustrated implementation scheme. More specifically, only one of the positive and negative electrodes needs to be electrically connected to one of the source and drain electrodes of the TFT. TFT stands for Thin Film Transistor.

[0235] Figure 1B The organic compound layer 22 in the display device 100 is shown as a single layer, but it can be composed of multiple layers. A first protective layer 24 and a second protective layer 25 for reducing the degradation of the organic light-emitting element are disposed on the negative electrode 23.

[0236] Figure 1B The display device 100 includes a transistor as a switching element, but may include other switching elements instead.

[0237] Figure 1B The transistors used in the display device 100 are not limited to transistors comprising a single-crystal silicon wafer, but can also be thin-film transistors comprising an active layer on an insulating surface of a substrate. The active layer can be single-crystal silicon, non-single-crystal silicon such as amorphous silicon or microcrystalline silicon, or non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors such as indium zinc oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide. Thin-film transistors are also known as TFT elements.

[0238] Figure 1B The transistors in the display device 100 can be formed within a substrate such as a Si substrate. As used herein, the phrase "formed within a substrate" means that the transistors are manufactured by processing the substrate itself, such as a Si substrate. In other words, when the transistors are included in the substrate, the substrate and the transistors can be considered to be formed integrally.

[0239] The luminous intensity of the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment is controlled by a TFT, which is an example of a switching element, and multiple organic light-emitting elements arranged in a plane can display an image through the luminous intensity of each organic light-emitting element. The switching element according to this embodiment is not limited to a TFT, but can also be a transistor formed of low-temperature polysilicon, or an active matrix driver formed on a substrate such as a Si substrate. The expression "on the substrate" can also be referred to as "in the substrate." The choice between placing transistors in the substrate or using TFTs depends on the size of the display unit; for example, when the size is about 0.5 inches, it is preferable to place the organic light-emitting element on a Si substrate.

[0240] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an example of a display device according to this embodiment. The display device 1000 may include a touch panel 1003, a display panel 1005, a frame 1006, a circuit board 1007, and a battery 1008 between an upper cover 1001 and a lower cover 1009. The display panel 1005 may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The touch panel 1003 and the display panel 1005 are respectively connected to flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs) 1002 and 1004. Transistors are printed on the circuit board 1007. If the display device is not a mobile device, the battery 1008 may not be provided, or even if the display device is a mobile device, the battery 1008 may be provided in other locations.

[0241] The display device according to this embodiment can have red, green, and blue color filters. The red, green, and blue filters can be arranged in a triangular pattern within the color filters.

[0242] The display device according to this embodiment can be used as a display unit of a mobile terminal. This display device can have both display and operation functions. The mobile terminal can be a smartphone, tablet computer, or head-mounted display, etc.

[0243] The display device according to this embodiment can be used in a display unit of a camera device that includes an imaging element configured to receive light. The camera device may include a display unit that displays information acquired by the imaging element. Furthermore, the display unit may be an external display unit exposed to the camera device or a display unit disposed within a viewfinder. The camera device may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.

[0244] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a camera device according to this embodiment. The camera device 1100 may include a viewfinder 1101, a rear display 1102, an operation unit 1103, and a housing 1104. The viewfinder 1101 and the rear display 1102 may include organic light-emitting elements according to this embodiment. In this case, the viewfinder 1101 and the rear display 1102 can display not only the image to be captured, but also environmental information and camera instructions. The environmental information may include the intensity of external light, the direction of external light, the speed of movement of the subject being photographed, and the likelihood that the subject is obscured by a masking material.

[0245] Since the suitable time for image capture is short, it is best to display the information as early as possible. Therefore, a display device including an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment is preferred. This is because organic light-emitting elements have a high response speed.

[0246] The imaging device 1100 may further include an optical unit (not shown). The optical unit may include a single lens or multiple lenses and is focused onto an imaging element in the housing 1104. The focal points of the multiple lenses can be adjusted by adjusting their relative positions. This operation can also be performed automatically. The imaging device may be referred to as a photoelectric conversion device. The photoelectric conversion device may have methods for detecting differences from previous images or methods for cropping from permanently recorded images as imaging methods, rather than sequentially capturing images.

[0247] Figure 3B This is a schematic diagram of an example of an electronic instrument according to this embodiment. The electronic instrument 1200 includes a display unit 1201, an operation unit 1202, and a housing 1203. The housing 1203 may include circuitry, a printed circuit board including the circuitry, a battery, and a communication unit. The operation unit 1202 may be a button-type or touch panel-type response unit. The operation unit may be a biometric unit for recognizing fingerprints for unlocking, etc. An electronic instrument with a communication unit may also be called a communication instrument. The electronic instrument may further include a lens and a camera element for camera functionality. Images captured by the camera function are displayed on the display unit. The electronic instrument may be a smartphone or a laptop computer, etc.

[0248] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of an example of a display device according to this embodiment. Figure 4A A display device such as a television monitor or PC monitor is shown. The display device 1300 includes a housing 1301 and a display unit 1302. An organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment can be used in the display unit 1302.

[0249] The display device 1300 may include a housing 1301 and a base 1303 supporting the display unit 1302. The base 1303 is not limited to... Figure 4A The form shown is shown. The lower side of the housing 1301 can also be used as a base.

[0250] The housing 1301 and the display unit 1302 can be curved. Their radius of curvature can be greater than 5000 mm and less than 6000 mm.

[0251] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of another example of a display device according to this embodiment. Figure 4B The display device 1310 is configured to be foldable and is a so-called foldable display device. The display device 1310 includes a first display unit 1311, a second display unit 1312, a housing 1313, and a folding point 1314. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 may include organic light-emitting elements according to this embodiment. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be a seamless display device. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be separated by the folding point. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can display different images or display a single image.

[0252] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of an example of a lighting device according to this embodiment. The lighting device 1400 may include a housing 1401, a light source 1402, and a circuit board 1403. The light source 1402 may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The lighting device 1400 may include an optical film 1404 to improve the color rendering index of the light source. Furthermore, the lighting device 1400 may include a light diffusion unit 1405 to effectively diffuse the light from the light source. The light diffusion unit 1405 enables the lighting device 1400 to distribute light over a wide area. The optical film 1404 and the light diffusion unit 1405 may be disposed on the light output side of the lighting. A cover may be disposed on the outermost side if necessary.

[0253] Lighting devices are, for example, indoor lighting devices. Lighting devices can emit white light, neutral white light, or light of any color from blue to red. The lighting device according to this embodiment may include a light modulation circuit for modulating its light. The lighting device according to this embodiment may include a power supply circuit connected to the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The power supply circuit may be a circuit that converts AC voltage to DC voltage. White light has a color temperature of 4200K, and neutral white light has a color temperature of 5000K. The lighting device according to this embodiment may further include a color filter.

[0254] Furthermore, the lighting device according to this embodiment may include a heat dissipation unit. The heat dissipation unit dissipates heat from the device to the outside of the device and may be made of metal or ceramic, etc., with high thermal conductivity.

[0255] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle, an example of a moving body according to this embodiment. The motor vehicle includes taillights, which are an example of lamps. The motor vehicle 1500 includes taillights 1501 and a body 1503, and may have a form in which the taillights are illuminated when braking or performing other operations. The body 1503 may also be referred to as the main body. The motor vehicle 1500 may have windows 1502 on the body 1503. The taillights 1501 may include organic light-emitting elements according to this embodiment. The taillights may include protective members for protecting the light source. The protective members may be formed of any transparent material with moderately high strength, and are preferably formed of polycarbonate or the like. Polycarbonate may be mixed with furan dicarboxylic acid derivatives or acrylonitrile derivatives, etc.

[0256] Window 1502 can be a transparent display, provided that window 1502 is not a window used for inspecting the front and rear of a motor vehicle. The transparent display may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. In this case, the constituent materials of the organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment, such as electrodes, are made of transparent materials.

[0257] like Figure 5C As shown, the motor vehicle 1500 includes a steering wheel 1504 for controlling the direction of movement of the moving body, and a display unit 1505 installed in the vehicle body 1503 to display maps, the position of the moving body, and turning direction. The display unit 1505 may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment.

[0258] The mobile body according to this embodiment includes one or both of a drive force generator that generates driving force primarily for the movement of the mobile body and a rotating body that primarily for the movement of the mobile body. The drive force generator can be an engine or motor, etc. The rotating body can be a tire, wheel, or ship's screw, etc. More specifically, the mobile body can be a bicycle, motor vehicle, train, ship, airplane, or drone, etc. The mobile body can include a main body and a light or display unit mounted on the main body. The light can emit light to indicate the position of the main body.

[0259] Reference Figure 6A and Figure 6B Examples of applications of the display devices described in each of the above embodiments are given. The display devices can be applied to systems that can be worn, such as smart glasses, head-mounted displays, or smart contact lenses. Display devices that can be used in wearable devices may include camera devices capable of photoelectric conversion of visible light and display devices capable of emitting visible light.

[0260] Figure 6A and Figure 6B This is a schematic diagram of an example of glasses (smart glasses) according to this embodiment. (Refer to...) Figure 6A The glasses 1600 (smart glasses) are described. The glasses 1600 includes a display unit on the rear side of a lens 1601. The display unit may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. Furthermore, a camera device 1602, such as a CMOS sensor or a SPAD, may be disposed on the front side of the lens 1601.

[0261] The glasses 1600 further include a controller 1603. The controller 1603 functions as a power supply for supplying power to the camera device 1602 and the display unit. The controller 1603 controls the operation of the camera device 1602 and the display unit. The lens 1601 has an optical system for converging the light from the camera device 1602 and the display unit.

[0262] Reference Figure 6B Glasses 1610 (smart glasses) are described. Glasses 1610 includes a controller 1612, and the controller 1612 includes a display device comprising an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The controller 1612 may further include a camera device corresponding to a camera device 1602. A lens 1611 includes an optical system for projecting light from the controller 1612, and an image is projected onto the lens 1611. The controller 1612 functions as a power supply to power the camera device and the display device, and controls the operation of the camera device and the display device. The controller may include a gaze detection unit for detecting the wearer's gaze. Gaze can be detected using infrared radiation. An infrared radiation unit emits infrared radiation toward the eyeball of a user gazing at a displayed image. In the emitted infrared light, infrared light reflected from the eyeball is detected by a camera unit including a light-receiving element to capture an image of the eyeball. A reduction unit is provided for reducing the light from the infrared radiation unit to the display unit in a plan view to reduce image quality degradation.

[0263] Based on an image of the eye captured by an infrared camera, the controller 1612 detects the user's gaze toward the displayed image. Any known technique can be applied to detect gaze using the captured image of the eye. As an example, a gaze detection method can be used based on a Purkinje image caused by the reflection of light from the cornea.

[0264] More specifically, gaze detection processing based on the pupil-corneal reflection method is performed. By using the pupil-corneal reflection method, a gaze vector representing the eye's direction (rotation angle) is calculated based on the pupil image and Purkinje image included in the captured image of the eyeball to detect the user's gaze.

[0265] The display device according to this embodiment may include a camera device containing a light receiving element, and may control the displayed image based on the user's gaze information from the camera device.

[0266] More specifically, based on gaze information, the display device determines a first field of view (FOV) and a second field of view (FPV) excluding the first FPV. The first and second FPVs can be determined by the display device's controller or received from an external controller. Within the display area of ​​the display device, the first FPV can be controlled to have a higher display resolution than the second FPV. In other words, the second FPV can have a lower resolution than the first FPV.

[0267] The display area includes a first field of view and a second field of view, which is different from the first field of view. A higher-priority area is determined from the first and second field of view based on viewing information. The first and second field of view can be determined by the controller of the display device or received from an external controller. The higher-priority area can be controlled to have a higher resolution than all other areas. In other words, the lower-priority area can have a lower resolution.

[0268] Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to determine the primary or higher-priority visual field. AI can be a model constructed to estimate the gaze angle and distance to targets in front of the gaze using images of the eye and the actual direction the eye is looking in those images as teaching data. AI can be incorporated into display devices, camera devices, or external devices. In cases where external devices include AI, it can be preferentially applied to smart glasses that further include a camera for external imaging. The smart glasses can then display the captured external information in real time.

[0269] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus according to this embodiment. The image forming apparatus 40 is an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and includes a photoreceptor 27, an exposure light source 28, a charging unit 30, a developing unit 31, a transfer unit 32, a feed roller 33, and a fixing unit 35. The exposure light source 28 emits light 29 and forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor 27. The exposure light source 28 may include an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment. The developing unit 31 contains toner, etc. The charging unit 30 charges the photoreceptor 27. The transfer unit 32 transfers the developed image to a recording medium 34. The feed roller 33 conveys the recording medium 34. The recording medium 34 is, for example, paper. The fixing unit 35 fixes the image formed on the recording medium 34.

[0270] Figure 7B and Figure 7C This is a schematic diagram of the exposure light source 28, in which multiple light-emitting parts 36 are arranged on a long substrate. Arrow 37 indicates the column direction in which the organic light-emitting elements are arranged. The column direction is the same as the direction of the axis around which the photoreceptor 27 rotates. This direction can also be referred to as the long axis direction of the photoreceptor 27. Figure 7B The light-emitting portion 36 is shown, arranged along the long axis of the photoreceptor 27. (And...) Figure 7B different, Figure 7C The diagram shows light-emitting portions 36 arranged alternately along the column direction in the first and second columns. The first and second columns are arranged at different positions along the row direction. In the first column, multiple light-emitting portions 36 are arranged at intervals. The second column has light-emitting portions 36 at positions corresponding to the intervals between the light-emitting portions 36 in the first column. That is, multiple light-emitting portions 36 are also arranged at intervals in the row direction. Figure 7C The arrangement in the middle can also be called, for example, a grid pattern, an interlaced pattern, or a square pattern.

[0271] As described above, the use of a device including an organic light-emitting element according to this embodiment enables stable display with high image quality even during long-term display.

[0272] [Exemplary Implementation]

[0273] This embodiment will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments. However, this embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0274] [Exemplary Implementation Scheme 1 (Synthesis of Exemplary Compound A12)]

[0275] Referring to the synthesis procedure described in Patent Document 1, the acenaphthene[1,2-k]benzo[e]acephenanthrene skeleton was synthesized according to the following synthesis procedure.

[0276]

[0277] (1) Synthesis of compound E3

[0278] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 100ml recovery flask.

[0279] Compound E1: 2.00 g (7.66 mmol)

[0280] Compound E2: 1.69 g (8.04 mmol)

[0281] Ethanol: 40ml

[0282] Next, 556 mg (8.43 mmol) of 85% sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol, and the solution was added dropwise to a recovery flask at room temperature. After the addition was complete, the product was heated to 40 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 10 hours. After the reaction was complete, water was added to the reaction solution, the reaction solution was filtered, and the filtrate was dispersed and washed with water and methanol to yield 3.07 g of a dark green compound E3 (yield: 92%).

[0283] (2) Synthesis of compound E5

[0284] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 100ml recovery flask.

[0285] Compound E3: 3.00g (6.89mmol)

[0286] Compound E4: 1.98g (7.58mmol)

[0287] Amyl nitrite: 1.02 ml (7.58 mmol)

[0288] Toluene: 50ml

[0289] The reaction solution was then heated to 105°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 2 hours. Additionally, 669 mg (2.56 mmol) of compound E4 and 0.34 mL (2.56 mmol) of isoamyl nitrite were added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was extracted with toluene and water, and the extract was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane:toluene = 4:1), followed by dispersion and washing with heptane / ethanol to yield 1.41 g of yellow compound E5 (yield: 47%).

[0290]

[0291] (3) Synthesis of compound E8

[0292] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 300ml recovery flask.

[0293] Compound E6: 2.00 g (16.4 mmol)

[0294] Compound E7: 5.89 g (16.4 mmol)

[0295] Toluene: 60ml

[0296] Ethanol: 30ml

[0297] 10% sodium carbonate aqueous solution: 30ml

[0298] Tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium: 94.7 mg (0.82 mmol)

[0299] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen stream and stirred for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was extracted with toluene, and the extract was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane:toluene mixture) to yield 5.51 g of colorless compound E8 (yield: 87%).

[0300] (4) Synthesis of compound E10

[0301] The following reagents and solvents are added to a 200ml recovery flask.

[0302] Compound E8: 2.00g (6.47mmol)

[0303] Compound E9: 1.64 g (6.47 mmol)

[0304] Pd(OAc)2: 72.6 mg (0.32 mmol)

[0305] SPhos: 63.4 mg (0.65 mmol)

[0306] KOAc: 3.32g (33.9mmol)

[0307] Toluene: 60ml

[0308] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen stream and stirred for 3 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was extracted with toluene, and the extract was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (toluene) to yield 1.73 g of colorless compound E10 (yield: 75%).

[0309]

[0310] (5) Synthesis of compound A12

[0311] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 100ml recovery flask.

[0312] Compound E5: 0.5g (0.82mmol)

[0313] Compound E10: 0.29g (0.83mmol)

[0314] Pd(OAc)2: 9.20 mg (0.04 mmol)

[0315] SPhos: 33.6 mg (0.082 mmol)

[0316] KOAc: 0.40g (4.10mmol)

[0317] Toluene: 20ml

[0318] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen stream and stirred for 3 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solution was extracted with toluene, and the extract was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane:toluene mixture) to yield 0.34 g of yellow compound A11 (yield: 55%).

[0319] The exemplary compound A11 was analyzed by mass spectrometry using MALDI-TOF-MS (Autoflex LRF manufactured by Bruker).

[0320] [MALDI-TOF-MS] Measurement value: m / z=756 Calculated value: C 60 H 36 =756

[0321] (Synthesis of exemplary compound D27)

[0322]

[0323] (6) Synthesis of compound E13

[0324] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 300ml three-necked flask.

[0325] Compound E11: 10.00 g (0.05 mol)

[0326] Compound E12: 13.2 g (0.06 mol)

[0327] 1,2-Dimethoxyethane: 100ml

[0328] 2M sodium carbonate aqueous solution: 40ml

[0329] Tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium: 2.88 g (5.0 mmol)

[0330] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen stream and stirred for 7 hours. After the reaction was complete, it was extracted with toluene and the extract was concentrated to yield 18.8 g of compound E13 (yield: 95%).

[0331] (7) Synthesis of compound E14

[0332] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 500ml three-necked flask.

[0333] Compound E13: 13.00g (0.03mol)

[0334] Compound E9: 15.6 g (0.06 mol)

[0335] Pd(OAc)2: 0.90g (0.4mmol)

[0336] SPhos: 0.49g (1.2mmol)

[0337] KOAc: 3.32g (0.12mol)

[0338] Toluene: 300ml

[0339] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 5 hours. After the reaction was complete, the product was filtered through silica gel and washed with toluene to yield 12.8 g of compound E14 (yield: 88%).

[0340]

[0341] (8) Synthesis of compound E16

[0342] The following reagents and solvents are placed in a 500ml three-necked flask.

[0343] Compound E15: 2.00 g (2.78 mmol)

[0344] Compound E14: 2.04g (4.17mmol)

[0345] Toluene: 100ml

[0346] 2M sodium carbonate aqueous solution: 10ml

[0347] Tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium: 0.19 g (0.14 mmol)

[0348] The reaction solution was then heated to 90°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 15 hours. After the reaction was complete, the product was filtered through silica gel and washed with toluene. The product was then concentrated, suspended and washed with methanol, and filtered to yield 1.89 g of the yellow compound E16 (yield: 68%).

[0349]

[0350] (9) Synthesis of compound E17

[0351] The following reagents and solvents were placed in a 500 ml three-necked flask. The reaction was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0352] (Methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride: 0.48g (2.53mmol)

[0353] THF (dehydration): 75mL

[0354] Then add 1.0 M / L t-BuOK / THF: 0.28 g (2.53 mmol) / 2.53 mL THF and stir the product for 2 hours.

[0355] Add 1.69 g (1.69 mmol) of compound E15 in 75 mL of THF (dehydrated) solution and heat the product with stirring for 2 hours.

[0356] Water was added for quenching, followed by extraction with toluene. The organic layer was concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane:toluene mixture). The resulting solid was suspended and washed with methanol and filtered to yield 1.56 g of yellow compound E16 (yield: 90%).

[0357]

[0358] (10) Synthesis of compound D27

[0359] The following reagents and solvents were placed in a 500 ml three-necked flask. The reaction was carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0360] Compound E16: 1.5g (1.5mmol)

[0361] Dichloromethane: 50ml

[0362] 0.14 g (1.5 mmol) of methanesulfonic acid was added dropwise, and the product was stirred for 1 hour. Sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution was added for quenching, and the product was then extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (heptane:toluene mixture). The resulting solid was suspended and washed with methanol and filtered to yield 1.14 g of a yellow compound A10 (yield: 76%).

[0363] The exemplary compound A10 was analyzed by mass spectrometry using MALDI-TOF-MS (Autoflex LRF manufactured by Bruker).

[0364] [MALDI-TOF-MS] Measurement value: m / z=997 Calculated value: C 78 H 60 =997

[0365] [Exemplary Implementations 2 to 63 (Synthesis of Exemplary Compounds)]

[0366] Except as shown in Table 6, where raw material E5 is changed to raw material 1 and raw material E10 is changed to raw material 2, the exemplary compounds of exemplary embodiments 2 to 63 are synthesized in the same manner as in exemplary embodiment 1.

[0367] The measurements m / z obtained by mass spectrometry analysis in the same manner as in exemplary embodiment 1 are also shown.

[0368] Table 6-1

[0369]

[0370] Table 6-2

[0371]

[0372] Table 6-3

[0373]

[0374] Table 6-4

[0375]

[0376] Table 6-5

[0377]

[0378] Table 6-6

[0379]

[0380] Table 6-7

[0381]

[0382] Table 6-8

[0383]

[0384] Table 6-9

[0385]

[0386] Table 6-10

[0387]

[0388] [Exemplary Implementation Scheme 64]

[0389] In this exemplary embodiment, an organic EL device is manufactured in which a positive electrode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a negative electrode are sequentially formed on a substrate.

[0390] First, an ITO film is formed on a glass substrate, and the desired patterning is performed to form an ITO electrode (positive electrode). The thickness of the ITO electrode is 100 nm. The substrate on which the ITO electrode is thus formed is used as the ITO substrate in the following steps. Then, by resistance heating in a vacuum chamber, vacuum deposition is performed to continuously form the organic compound layer and electrode layer shown in Table 7 on the ITO substrate. At this time, the electrode area of ​​the opposing electrode (metal electrode layer, negative electrode) is 3 mm². 2 .

[0391] Table 7

[0392]

[0393] Measure and evaluate the characteristics of the element. Assuming the efficiency ratio of Comparative Example 1 is 1.0, the maximum current efficiency of the light-emitting element in terms of efficiency ratio is 1.1. When the luminance of the light-emitting element is 1000 cd / m²... 2 At that time, the emission spectrum of Comparative Example 1 was confirmed to be 460 nm. Regarding the measuring equipment, more specifically, the current-voltage characteristics were measured using a microammeter 4140B manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Co., and the luminous intensity was measured using a BM7 manufactured by Topcon Corporation.

[0394] [Exemplary Implementations 65 to 87, Comparative Examples 1 and 2]

[0395] In addition to the appropriate use of the compounds shown in Table 8, the organic light-emitting elements according to Exemplary Embodiments 65 to 87 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were produced in the same manner as in Exemplary Embodiment 64. The characteristics of the elements were measured and evaluated in the same manner as in Exemplary Embodiment 64. Table 8 shows the measurement results.

[0396] A and B in the table are as follows:

[0397] A: The emission wavelength is below 455nm.

[0398] B: The emission wavelength is above 456nm and below 460nm.

[0399] C: The emission wavelength is above 460nm.

[0400] Table 8

[0401]

[0402] Table 8 shows that the organic light-emitting element according to the exemplary embodiment has higher luminous efficiency and shorter emission wavelength compared to the organic light-emitting element according to the comparative example. This may be because, in the organic compound according to this embodiment, the specific substituents provided in the long axis direction as the guest material can achieve both improved horizontal orientation properties and reduced π-conjugation extension.

[0403] For the reasons mentioned above, the organic compound according to this embodiment is an organic compound with high luminous efficiency and color purity.

[0404] This implementation scheme may have the following structure.

[0405] (Construction 1)

[0406] An organic compound represented by formula [1]:

[0407]

[0408] In equation [1], R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and cyano group. 21 and R 24 A pair and R 22 and R 27 At least one pair of them can bond with each other to form a loop.

[0409] Ar represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups.

[0410] n represents an integer greater than 1 and less than 5.

[0411] L represents any one or a combination of expressions [2] to [7]. When n represents an integer greater than 2, multiple Ls can be the same or different.

[0412]

[0413] In equations [2] to [7], R 101 To R 138 R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups. R a and R b They can bond with each other to form a ring. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Indicates the bonding location.

[0414] (Construction 2)

[0415] According to the organic compound described in Construction 1, wherein, in formula [1], R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups.

[0416] (Construction 3)

[0417] According to the organic compound described in construction 1 or 2, wherein, in formula (1), R1 to R2 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but no more than six carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having six or more but no more than twelve carbon atoms.

[0418] (Construction 4)

[0419] According to any one of the constructions of the organic compound in 1 to 3, wherein, in formula (1), R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, methyl, CD3 group, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C(CH3)2(C2H5), C(CH3)(C2H5)2 and phenyl.

[0420] (Construction 5)

[0421] According to any one of the structures 1 to 4, the organic compound, wherein in formula (1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more and 20 or fewer carbon atoms.

[0422] (Construction 6)

[0423] According to any one of the structures 1 to 5, the organic compound, wherein in formula (1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more and 12 or fewer carbon atoms.

[0424] (Construction 7)

[0425] The organic compound according to any one of constructions 1 to 6, wherein, in formula (1), R1, R3, R5, R 11 R 14 R 16 R 18 R 24 and R 27 At least one of them is not a hydrogen atom.

[0426] (Construction 8)

[0427] According to any one of constructions 1 to 7, an organic compound is formed, wherein, in formula (1), R 24 and R 27 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0428] (Construction 9)

[0429] According to any one of the organic compounds described in 1 to 8, wherein, in formula (1), R 24 and R 27 It indicates methyl.

[0430] (Construction 10)

[0431] According to any one of constructions 1 to 9, an organic compound is formed, wherein, in formula (1), R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

[0432] (Construction 11)

[0433] According to any one of the organic compounds described in 1 to 10, wherein, in formula (1), R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents methyl or phenyl.

[0434] (Construction 12)

[0435] According to the construction of any one of 1 to 11, the organic compound wherein, in formula (1), R3 and R 16 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

[0436] (Construction 13)

[0437] An organic light-emitting element comprising:

[0438] First electrode and second electrode, and

[0439] An organic compound layer between the first electrode and the second electrode

[0440] The organic compound layer thereon comprises an organic compound according to any one of constructions 1 to 12.

[0441] (Construction 14)

[0442] According to the organic light-emitting element described in configuration 13, wherein

[0443] The organic compound layer includes a light-emitting layer, and

[0444] The light-emitting layer contains the organic compound.

[0445] (Construction 15)

[0446] According to the organic light-emitting element described in configuration 14, wherein

[0447] The light-emitting layer further comprises a first compound, and

[0448] The first compound has a higher minimum singlet excitation energy than the organic compound.

[0449] (Construction 16)

[0450] According to the organic light-emitting element of configuration 15, the first compound is composed of a hydrocarbon compound.

[0451] (Construction 17)

[0452] According to the organic light-emitting element described in configuration 15, wherein

[0453] The light-emitting layer further comprises a second compound, and

[0454] The second compound has a higher minimum singlet excitation energy than the organic compound and a lower minimum singlet excitation energy than the first compound.

[0455] (Construction 18)

[0456] A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixels comprises an organic light-emitting element according to any one of constructions 13 to 17 and a transistor connected to the organic light-emitting element.

[0457] (Construction 19)

[0458] A photoelectric conversion device, comprising:

[0459] A camera element is constructed to receive light; and

[0460] The display unit is configured to display the image captured by the camera element.

[0461] The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 13 to 17.

[0462] (Construction 20)

[0463] An image display device comprising:

[0464] The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 13 to 17; and

[0465] The housing contains the display unit.

[0466] (Construction 21)

[0467] An electronic instrument comprising:

[0468] The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 13 to 17;

[0469] Housing, wherein the display unit is disposed; and

[0470] A communication unit is disposed in the housing and communicates with the outside.

[0471] (Construction 22)

[0472] A wearable device comprising:

[0473] The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of configurations 13 to 17;

[0474] An optical system configured to converge the light from the display unit; and

[0475] A controller configured to control the display of the display unit.

[0476] (Construction 23)

[0477] A lighting device comprising:

[0478] A light source comprising an organic light-emitting element according to any one of constructions 13 to 17; and

[0479] The housing, in which the light source is disposed.

[0480] (Construction 24)

[0481] A mobile body comprising:

[0482] A lamp comprising an organic light-emitting element according to any one of constructions 13 to 17; and

[0483] The main body of the lamp is provided.

[0484] This implementation scheme can provide organic compounds with high luminous efficiency and color purity.

[0485] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to embodiments, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. The scope of the appended claims should be given the broadest interpretation to cover all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.< / n> < / l> < / ar>

Claims

1. An organic compound represented by formula [1]: Among them, R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and cyano group, R 21 and R 24 A pair and R 22 and R 27 At least one pair of them may be optionally bonded to each other to form a loop. Ar represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups. n represents an integer greater than 1 and less than 5. L represents any one or a combination of equations [2] to [7]. When n represents an integer greater than 2, each L is independently selected from any one of equations [2] to [7]. In equations [2] to [7], R 101 To R 138 R a and R b Each is independently selected from hydrogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, R a and R b They can optionally bond together to form a ring, where X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Indicates the bonding location.

2. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation [1], R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups.

3. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation [1], R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having one or more but no more than six carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having six or more but no more than twelve carbon atoms.

4. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R1 to R 27 Each is independently selected from the following groups: hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, methyl, CD3 group, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C(CH3)2(C2H5), C(CH3)(C2H5)2 and phenyl.

5. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In formula (1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more but less than 20 carbon atoms.

6. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In formula (1), Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 or more but less than 12 carbon atoms.

7. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R1, R3, R5, R 11 R 14 R 16 R 18 R 24 and R 27 At least one of them is not a hydrogen atom.

8. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R 24 and R 27 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

9. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R 24 and R 27 It indicates methyl.

10. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.

11. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R1, R5, R 14 and R 18 At least one of them represents methyl or phenyl.

12. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In equation (1), R3 and R 16 At least one of them represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

13. An organic light-emitting element, comprising: First electrode; Second electrode; and An organic compound layer between the first electrode and the second electrode The organic compound layer thereon comprises the organic compound according to claim 1.

14. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 13, wherein... The organic compound layer includes a light-emitting layer, and The light-emitting layer contains the organic compound.

15. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 14, wherein... The light-emitting layer further comprises a first compound, and The first compound has a higher minimum singlet excitation energy than the organic compound.

16. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 15, wherein the first compound comprises a hydrocarbon compound.

17. The organic light-emitting element according to claim 15, wherein... The light-emitting layer further comprises a second compound, and The second compound has a higher minimum singlet excitation energy than the organic compound and a lower minimum singlet excitation energy than the first compound.

18. A display device comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein at least one of the plurality of pixels comprises an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17 and a transistor connected to the organic light-emitting element.

19. A photoelectric conversion device, comprising: A camera element is constructed to receive light; and The display unit is configured to display the image captured by the camera element. The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17.

20. An image display device, comprising: The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17; and The housing contains the display unit.

21. An electronic instrument comprising: The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17; A housing in which the display unit is disposed; and A communication unit is disposed in the housing and communicates with the outside.

22. A wearable device comprising: The display unit includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17; An optical system configured to converge the light from the display unit; and A controller configured to control the display of the display unit.

23. A lighting device comprising: A light source comprising an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17; and The housing, in which the light source is disposed.

24. A mobile body comprising: The lamp includes an organic light-emitting element according to any one of claims 13 to 17; and The main body of the lamp is provided.

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