Tunnel ventilation pressurizing device

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel ventilation pressurizing device, which belongs to the field of tunnel ventilation devices, and comprises an air supply assembly, a filtering assembly and a damping assembly, during use, after the first mounting shell and the second mounting shell are connected, the two cavities form a mounting cavity, the impeller is mounted in the mounting cavity, the variable-frequency and variable-speed motor in the first mounting shell rotates to drive the impeller to rotate at a high speed, and air is sucked in and accelerated through an air inlet pipeline connected with an air inlet in the other end of the first mounting shell; and then the air is exhausted through an air supply pipeline connected with an air outlet in the other end of the second mounting shell at high pressure and flow speed, power is provided for air flowing in the tunnel, fresh air is conveyed into the tunnel, meanwhile, vitiated air is exhausted, the air quality in the tunnel is effectively improved, the health and safety of constructors are guaranteed, and in an emergency, the safety of the constructors is guaranteed. The device can quickly exhaust smoke, improve visibility, create favorable conditions for personnel evacuation, and reduce casualties and property loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation devices, specifically tunnel ventilation pressurization devices. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of mined tunnels, toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen monoxide, and sulfur dioxide may be encountered. These gases pose different health hazards to humans at different concentrations. To protect the health and safety of workers, mechanical ventilation is required in the confined space of the tunnel. However, due to the limited space in power tunnels, installing high-power fans and large ventilation ducts would occupy the limited space and adversely affect construction. Moreover, the excessive air volume would interfere with workers' normal operations. Installing low-power fans and small ventilation ducts would not meet the ventilation standards for confined space operations in long tunnels. Traditional tunnel ventilation methods often fail to meet ventilation requirements in long tunnels, steep slopes, and tunnels with many bends. In case of emergencies such as fires in the tunnel, timely and effective removal of smoke and harmful gases and provision of sufficient fresh air are crucial for personnel evacuation and rescue operations. Therefore, the development of efficient tunnel ventilation and pressurization devices to meet the urgent practical needs is essential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation and pressurization device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel ventilation and pressurization device, comprising an air supply component, a filter component, and a shock absorption component; The air supply assembly includes a first mounting shell and a second mounting shell. One end of the second mounting shell of the first mounting shell has a cavity. After the second mounting shell of the first mounting shell is installed, the two cavities form a mounting cavity. An impeller is installed inside the mounting cavity. A variable frequency speed control motor is installed inside the first mounting shell. The output end of the variable frequency speed control motor is fixedly connected to the impeller. An air inlet is opened at the other end of the first mounting shell, and an air outlet is opened at the other end of the second mounting shell. One end of the air inlet is connected to an air inlet pipe, and one end of the air outlet is connected to an air supply pipe through a connecting mechanism. The filter assembly includes a mounting cylinder disposed between an air inlet and an air inlet duct. One end of the air inlet and one end of the mounting cylinder are connected to a connecting flange. A connecting hole is formed around the surface of the connecting flange, and a connecting screw is inserted inside the connecting hole. One end of the mounting cylinder is connected to one end of the air inlet through the connecting flange. A metal sleeve is installed inside the mounting cylinder, and a filter element is installed inside the metal sleeve. A sponge filter sheet is installed on the inner side of the front end of the metal sleeve, and several airflow holes are formed through the surface of the metal sleeve. The shock absorption assembly includes a connecting block fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the first mounting housing. A movable connecting rod is threaded to the bottom of the connecting block. A retaining ring is installed at the bottom end of the movable connecting rod. A bracket is provided at the bottom of the first mounting housing. An installation sleeve is installed on the top of the bracket. A shock absorption spring is installed inside the installation sleeve. The movable connecting rod is inserted inside the installation sleeve. The retaining ring is in contact with the top of the shock absorption spring. Fixing holes are provided on both sides inside the bracket.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the connecting mechanism includes a fixing ring installed on the outer ring of the other end of the second mounting shell, a plurality of claws being connected around the surface of the fixing ring, a reducing joint being connected to one end of the air supply duct, a plurality of hinge supports being connected around the outer ring of the reducing joint, and a pin being inserted through the middle of the hinge support.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a hook is hinged inside the hinge support by a pin, a torsion spring is installed on the surface of the pin, the front end of the hook is designed with a corresponding bevel to the front of the claw, and the hook is engaged inside the claw.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the inner wall of the end of the mounting cylinder away from the connecting flange is provided with an internal thread groove, the outer ring of the metal sleeve is provided with an external thread groove, the metal sleeve is threadedly connected to the inner thread groove of the inner wall of the mounting cylinder at one end through the external thread groove, and a rotating convex ring is installed on the front end surface of the metal sleeve, the surface of the rotating convex ring is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the inner side of the reducing joint is connected to a connecting sleeve, the surface of the connecting sleeve is equipped with a double-layer sealing ring, the connecting sleeve is inserted into the other end of the second mounting shell, and the sealing ring is in contact with the inner wall of the other end of the second mounting shell.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a PLC controller is installed on one side of the surface of the second mounting housing, a main data line is connected to the surface of the PLC controller, one end of the main data line is connected to multiple sub-control wires, one end of each of the multiple sub-control wires is respectively connected to an anemometer and a gas detector, and both the anemometer and the gas detector are installed on one side of the second mounting housing.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the top of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are provided with a first clamping ring, and the bottom of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are provided with a second clamping ring. The two ends of the first clamping ring and the second clamping ring are connected with connecting plates, and the surfaces of the connecting plates at both ends are fixedly connected by connecting bolts. A hoisting frame is installed at the middle of the top of the first clamping ring.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impeller is made of aerospace-grade aluminum alloy.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the air inlet duct and the air outlet duct are made of PVC pipes.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: an audible and visual alarm is installed at the bottom of the PLC controller, and a power supply wire is connected to the surface of the audible and visual alarm.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) A cavity is provided inside one end of the first mounting shell and the second mounting shell. After the first mounting shell and the second mounting shell are connected, the two cavities form a mounting cavity. The impeller is installed inside the mounting cavity. The variable frequency speed control motor inside the first mounting shell drives the impeller to rotate at high speed. Air is drawn in and accelerated through the air inlet pipe connected to the air inlet at the other end of the first mounting shell. Then, it is discharged through the air outlet pipe connected to the air outlet at the other end of the second mounting shell at a higher pressure and flow rate. It provides power for the flow of air in the tunnel, delivers fresh air into the tunnel, and discharges polluted air at the same time. It effectively improves the air quality in the tunnel, protects the health and safety of construction personnel, and in an emergency, the device can quickly discharge smoke, improve visibility, create favorable conditions for personnel evacuation, and reduce casualties and property losses. (2) An installation cylinder is installed between the air inlet and the air inlet pipe. A connecting flange is connected to one end of the installation cylinder and the air inlet. A connecting hole is opened on the surface of the connecting flange. The installation cylinder and the connecting flange at one end of the air inlet are connected by the connecting screw inside the connecting hole. A metal sleeve is installed inside the installation cylinder. A filter element is installed inside the metal sleeve. After the airflow enters the installation cylinder, it first passes through the sponge filter to remove dust and impurity particles. Then, it passes through the airflow hole on the surface of the metal sleeve. The airflow passes through the filter element again to remove fine powder particles, thus filtering the air. The multi-layer filter structure can remove dust, debris and other particulate matter in the air, ensuring that the air entering the subsequent modules is clean and reducing wear and damage to the equipment. (3) A connecting block is connected to the bottom edge of the first mounting shell. A movable connecting rod is threaded to the bottom of the connecting block. A retaining ring is connected to the bottom of the movable connecting rod. An installation sleeve is installed on the top of the bracket provided at the bottom of the first mounting shell. A shock-absorbing spring is installed inside the installation sleeve. The movable connecting rod is inserted inside the installation sleeve and the retaining ring contacts the shock-absorbing spring. When turbulence occurs during the air supply process, the air supply component vibrates. The vibration force is transmitted to the movable connecting rod through the first mounting shell. The movable connecting rod moves into the installation sleeve and pushes the shock-absorbing spring to compress. The shock-absorbing spring absorbs the vibration force through its own deformation and plays a buffering role, thereby reducing the vibration range. The bracket is fixed to the tunnel body through the opening of fixing holes on both sides inside, so that the bracket is installed stably. (4) The connecting mechanism includes a fixed ring installed at the other end of the second mounting shell. Several claws are connected around the surface of the fixed ring. One end of the air supply pipe is connected to a reducing joint. Several hinge supports are hinged around the outer ring of the reducing joint. Hooks are hinged to the hinge supports through the pin in the middle. A torsion spring is installed on the surface of the pin. When the reducing joint approaches the fixed ring, the front end of the hook contacts the corresponding inclined surface of the claw, so that the claw pushes the hook up and drives the torsion spring to store force. When the hook is pushed into the inside of the claw, the torsion spring resets and drives the hook to be stably engaged with the claw, avoiding the hook from disengaging from the claw, thereby facilitating the quick installation and connection of the air supply pipe and the second mounting shell. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air supply component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shock absorption component structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the audible and visual alarm device of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Air supply assembly; 101. First mounting shell; 102. Second mounting shell; 103. Cavity; 104. Impeller; 105. Variable frequency speed control motor; 106. Air inlet; 107. Air outlet; 108. Air inlet duct; 109. Air supply duct; 2. Connecting mechanism; 21. Fixing ring; 22. Claw; 23. Reducing joint; 24. Hinge support; 25. Pin; 26. Hook; 27. Torsion spring; 3. Filter assembly; 31. Mounting cylinder; 311. Internal threaded groove; 32. Connecting flange; 33. Connecting hole; 34. Metal sleeve; 341. External threaded groove; 342. Rotation 3421. Convex ring; 35. Anti-slip texture; 36. Filter element; 37. Sponge filter sheet; 4. Airflow hole; 4. Shock absorption assembly; 41. Connecting block; 42. Movable connecting rod; 43. Retaining ring; 44. Bracket; 45. Mounting sleeve; 46. Shock absorption spring; 47. Fixing hole; 5. Over-connection sleeve; 6. Sealing ring; 7. PLC controller; 8. Main data cable; 9. Sub-control wiring; 10. Anemometer; 11. Gas detector; 12. First clamp ring; 13. Second clamp ring; 14. Connecting piece; 15. Connecting bolt; 16. Lifting frame; 17. Audible and visual alarm; 18. Power supply wiring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-7 The tunnel ventilation and pressurization device includes: an air supply component 1, a filter component 3, and a shock absorption component 4; Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The air supply assembly 1 includes a first mounting shell 101 and a second mounting shell 102. A cavity 103 is opened inside one end of the second mounting shell 102 of the first mounting shell 101. After the first mounting shell 101 and the second mounting shell 102 are installed, the two cavities 103 form a mounting cavity. An impeller 104 is installed inside the mounting cavity. A variable frequency speed control motor 105 is installed inside the first mounting shell 101. The output end of the variable frequency speed control motor 105 is fixedly connected to the impeller 104. An air inlet 106 is opened at the other end of the first mounting shell 101. An air outlet 107 is opened at the other end of the second mounting shell 102. An air inlet pipe 108 is connected to one end of the air inlet 106. An air supply pipe 109 is connected to one end of the air outlet 107 through a connecting mechanism 2. In practical use: A cavity 103 is provided inside one end of the first mounting shell 101 and the second mounting shell 102. After the first mounting shell 101 and the second mounting shell 102 are connected, the two cavities 103 form a mounting cavity. The impeller 104 is installed inside the mounting cavity. The variable frequency speed control motor 105 inside the first mounting shell 101 drives the impeller 104 to rotate at high speed, drawing in air through the air inlet 106 connected to the air inlet pipe 108 at the other end of the first mounting shell 101 and accelerating it. Then, it is discharged at a high pressure and flow rate through the air outlet 107 connected to the air supply pipe 109 at the other end of the second mounting shell 102. This provides power for the air flow in the tunnel, delivering fresh air into the tunnel while expelling polluted air, effectively improving the air quality in the tunnel, protecting the health and safety of construction personnel. In emergencies, the device can quickly expel smoke, improve visibility, create favorable conditions for personnel evacuation, and reduce casualties and property losses.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 4The filter assembly 3 includes a mounting cylinder 31 disposed between the air inlet 106 and the air inlet duct 108. One end of the air inlet 106 and one end of the mounting cylinder 31 are connected to a connecting flange 32. The surface of the connecting flange 32 is provided with connecting holes 33. Connecting screws are inserted inside the connecting holes 33. One end of the mounting cylinder 31 is connected to one end of the air inlet 106 through the connecting flange 32. A metal sleeve 34 is installed inside the mounting cylinder 31. A filter element 35 is installed inside the metal sleeve 34. A sponge filter sheet 36 is installed on the inner side of the front end of the metal sleeve 34. Several airflow holes 37 are provided through the surface of the metal sleeve 34.

[0020] In practical use: An installation cylinder 31 is installed between the air inlet 106 and the air inlet duct 108. A connecting flange 32 is connected to one end of both the installation cylinder 31 and the air inlet 106. A connecting hole 33 is opened on the surface of the connecting flange 32. The installation cylinder 31 and the connecting flange 32 at one end of the air inlet 106 are connected by connecting screws inside the connecting hole 33. A metal sleeve 34 is installed inside the installation cylinder 31. A filter element 35 is installed inside the metal sleeve 34. After the airflow enters the installation cylinder 31, it first passes through the sponge filter 36 to remove dust and impurity particles. Then, it passes through the airflow holes 37 on the surface of the metal sleeve 34 and the filter element 35 to remove fine powder particles again, thus filtering the air. The multi-layer filtration structure can remove dust, debris and other particulate matter in the air, ensuring that the air entering the subsequent modules is clean and reducing wear and damage to the equipment.

[0021] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 5 The shock absorption assembly 4 includes a connecting block 41 fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the first mounting shell 101. A movable connecting rod 42 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the connecting block 41. A retaining ring 43 is installed at the bottom end of the movable connecting rod 42. A bracket 44 is provided at the bottom of the first mounting shell 101. An mounting sleeve 45 is installed on the top of the bracket 44. A shock absorption spring 46 is installed inside the mounting sleeve 45. The movable connecting rod 42 is inserted inside the mounting sleeve 45. The retaining ring 43 is in contact with the top of the shock absorption spring 46. Fixing holes 47 are provided on both sides inside the bracket 44.

[0022] In practical use: A connecting block 41 is connected to the bottom edge of the first mounting shell 101. A movable connecting rod 42 is threaded to the bottom of the connecting block 41. A retaining ring 43 is connected to the bottom of the movable connecting rod 42. A mounting sleeve 45 is installed on the top of the bracket 44 at the bottom of the first mounting shell 101. A shock-absorbing spring 46 is installed inside the mounting sleeve 45. The movable connecting rod 42 is inserted inside the mounting sleeve 45 and the retaining ring 43 is in contact with the shock-absorbing spring 46. When turbulence occurs during air supply, causing the air supply component 1 to vibrate, the vibration force is transmitted to the movable connecting rod 42 through the first mounting shell 101. The movable connecting rod 42 moves into the mounting sleeve 45 and pushes the shock-absorbing spring 46 to compress. The shock-absorbing spring 46 absorbs the vibration force through its own deformation and plays a buffering role, thereby reducing the vibration range. The bracket 44 is fixed to the tunnel body through the fixing holes 47 on both sides inside, so that the bracket 44 is stably installed.

[0023] Please see Figure 6 The connecting mechanism 2 includes a fixing ring 21 installed on the outer ring of the other end of the second mounting shell 102. Several claws 22 are connected around the surface of the fixing ring 21. One end of the air supply duct 109 is connected to a reducing connector 23. Several hinge supports 24 are connected around the outer ring of the reducing connector 23. A pin 25 is inserted in the middle of the hinge support 24. A hook 26 is hinged inside the hinge support 24 through the pin 25. A torsion spring 27 is installed on the surface of the pin 25. The front end of the hook 26 is designed with a corresponding bevel to the front of the claw 22. The hook 26 is engaged inside the claw 22.

[0024] In practical use: The connecting mechanism 2 includes a fixing ring 21 installed at the other end of the second mounting housing 102. Several claws 22 are circumferentially connected to the surface of the fixing ring 21. One end of the air supply duct 109 is connected to a reducing connector 23. Several hinge supports 24 are hinged around the outer ring of the reducing connector 23. Hooks 26 are hinged to the hinge supports 24 via a central pin 25. A torsion spring 27 is installed on the surface of the pin 25. When the reducing connector 23 approaches the fixing ring 21, the front end of the hook 26 contacts the corresponding inclined surface of the claw 22, causing the claw 22 to push the hook 26 up and activate the torsion spring 27. When the hook 26 is pushed into the claw 22, the torsion spring 27 resets, causing the hook 26 to stably engage with the claw 22, preventing the hook 26 from disengaging from the claw 22. This facilitates quick and easy installation and connection of the air supply duct 109 to the second mounting housing 102. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The inner wall of the end of the mounting cylinder 31 away from the connecting flange 32 has an internal thread groove 311, and the outer ring of the metal sleeve 34 has an external thread groove 341. The metal sleeve 34 is threadedly connected to the inner thread groove 311 on the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 31 through the external thread groove 341. A rotating convex ring 342 is installed on the front end surface of the metal sleeve 34, and the surface of the rotating convex ring 342 is provided with anti-slip texture 3421.

[0025] In practical use: The inner wall of the end of the mounting cylinder 31 away from the connecting flange 32 has an internal thread groove 311, and the outer ring of the metal sleeve 34 has an external thread groove 341. The metal sleeve 34 is threadedly connected to the internal thread groove 311 through the external thread groove 341, so that the metal sleeve 34 is fixed to the mounting cylinder 31. By rotating the rotating convex ring 342 installed on the front end surface of the metal sleeve 34, it is easy to rotate and connect with the mounting cylinder 31. The anti-slip texture 3421 provided on the surface of the rotating convex ring 342 increases the friction with the hand and facilitates rotation.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 6 The inner side of the reducing connector 23 is connected to the connecting sleeve 5. The surface of the connecting sleeve 5 is equipped with a double-layer sealing ring 6. The connecting sleeve 5 is inserted into the other end of the second mounting shell 102, and the sealing ring 6 is in contact with the inner wall of the other end of the second mounting shell 102.

[0027] In practical use: the inner side of the reducing connector 23 is connected to the connecting sleeve 5, and the surface of the connecting sleeve 5 is equipped with a double-layer sealing ring 6. When the reducing connector 23 is inserted into the second mounting shell 102, the double-layer sealing ring 6 fits against the inner wall of the second mounting shell 102 to play a sealing role, preventing air leakage and thus reducing the pressure of the conveying air.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 7 A PLC controller 7 is installed on one side of the surface of the second mounting housing 102. A main data cable 8 is connected to the surface of the PLC controller 7. One end of the main data cable 8 is connected to multiple sub-control cables 9. One end of each sub-control cable 9 is connected to a wind speed detector 10 and a gas detector 11, respectively. Both the wind speed detector 10 and the gas detector 11 are installed on one side of the second mounting housing 102.

[0029] In practical use: A PLC controller 7 is installed on one side of the surface of the second mounting housing 102. A main data cable 8 is connected to the surface of the PLC controller 7. One end of the main data cable 8 is connected to multiple sub-control cables 9. One end of each sub-control cable 9 is connected to an anemometer 10 and a gas detector 11. The anemometer 10 and the gas detector 11 are installed on one side of the second mounting housing 102. In conjunction with the PLC controller 7, the PLC controller adjusts and monitors the operation of the air supply component 1. It can automatically adjust the speed and operating mode of the variable frequency speed control motor 105 according to the air quality parameters in the tunnel. When the concentration of pollutants and toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel increases, the control system can increase the ventilation volume in time; conversely, it can reduce the ventilation volume, thereby achieving energy saving and efficient operation.

[0030] Please see Figure 1The top of the air inlet duct 108 and the air outlet duct 109 are provided with a first clamping ring 12, and the bottom of the air inlet duct 108 and the air outlet duct 109 are provided with a second clamping ring 13. The two ends of the first clamping ring 12 and the second clamping ring 13 are connected with connecting pieces 14, and the surfaces of the two connecting pieces 14 are fixedly connected by connecting bolts 15. A hoisting frame 16 is installed at the middle of the top of the first clamping ring 12.

[0031] In practical use: the top of the air inlet duct 108 and the air supply duct 109 are provided with a first clamping ring 12; the bottom is provided with a second clamping ring 13. After the first clamping ring 12 and the second clamping ring 13 are fastened to the surface of the air inlet duct 108 and the air supply duct 109, the connecting bolts 15 are threaded to the surface of the connecting pieces 14 at both ends of the first clamping ring 12 and the second clamping ring 13, so that the air inlet duct 108 and the air supply duct 109 are fixed by the first clamping ring 12 and the second clamping ring 13. The hoisting frame 16 installed at the middle of the top of the first clamping ring 12 is fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel to provide support for the installation of the pipes.

[0032] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The impeller 104 is made of aerospace-grade aluminum alloy, and the air inlet duct 108 and the air outlet duct 109 are both made of PVC pipe.

[0033] In practical use: the impeller 104 is made of aerospace-grade aluminum alloy, which is lightweight and high-strength, improving its service life. The air inlet pipe 108 and the air outlet pipe 109 are made of PVC pipe, ensuring long-term stable operation in complex tunnel environments.

[0034] Please see Figure 7 The PLC controller 7 has an audible and visual alarm 17 installed at the bottom, and a power supply wire 18 is connected to the surface of the audible and visual alarm 17.

[0035] In practical use: The bottom of the PLC controller 7 is equipped with an audible and visual alarm 17, and the surface of the audible and visual alarm 17 is connected to a power supply wire 18 to provide power support. When the wind speed detector 10 and the gas detector 11 detect abnormal data, the PLC controller 7 controls the audible and visual alarm 17 to sound an alarm to remind the workers inside the tunnel. At the same time, the PLC controller 7 also supports remote monitoring and operation functions, which makes it convenient for staff to manage and control the device in real time outside the tunnel.

[0036] A cavity 103 is formed inside one end of the first mounting shell 101 and the second mounting shell 102. After the first mounting shell 101 and the second mounting shell 102 are connected, the two cavities 103 form a mounting cavity. The impeller 104 is installed inside the mounting cavity. The variable frequency speed control motor 105 inside the first mounting shell 101 drives the impeller 104 to rotate at high speed, drawing in air through the air inlet 106 connected to the air inlet pipe 108 at the other end of the first mounting shell 101 and accelerating it. Then, it is discharged at a high pressure and flow rate through the air outlet 107 connected to the air supply pipe 109 at the other end of the second mounting shell 102. This provides power for air flow in the tunnel, delivering fresh air into the tunnel while expelling polluted air, effectively improving the air quality in the tunnel and ensuring the health and safety of construction personnel. In emergency situations, when the concentration of pollutants and toxic and harmful gases in the tunnel increases, this device can... The system rapidly removes smoke, improves visibility, creates favorable conditions for personnel evacuation, and reduces casualties and property damage. Both the mounting cylinder 31 and the air inlet 106 are connected to a connecting flange 32. The surface of the connecting flange 32 has a connecting hole 33. The mounting cylinder 31 and the connecting flange 32 at the air inlet 106 are connected by connecting screws inside the connecting hole 33. A metal sleeve 34 is installed inside the mounting cylinder 31, and a filter element 35 is installed inside the metal sleeve 34. After entering the mounting cylinder 31, the airflow first passes through a sponge filter 36 to remove dust and impurities. Then, through the airflow holes 37 on the surface of the metal sleeve 34, the airflow passes through the filter element 35 again to remove fine powder particles, thus filtering the air. This multi-layer filtration structure removes dust, debris, and other particulate matter from the air, ensuring clean air entering subsequent modules and reducing wear and damage to the equipment.

[0037] Additional information: Determining the design parameters of the tunnel ventilation pressurization device is a key step in ensuring the effective operation of the device and meeting the tunnel ventilation requirements. This will be discussed from the following aspects. Basic parameters of the tunnel: The length, cross-sectional area, and shape of a tunnel are important basic parameters. Longer tunnels require greater ventilation to ensure effective air replacement; the cross-sectional area determines the size of the space for airflow and affects ventilation resistance; different shapes of tunnels, such as circular and rectangular, also have different airflow characteristics.

[0038] Environmental conditions: Local meteorological conditions, such as temperature, air pressure, and wind speed, have a significant impact on the design of ventilation and pressurization devices. In high-temperature environments, air density decreases, increasing the difficulty of ventilation; when the outside wind speed is high, it will interfere with airflow inside the tunnel, and the design must consider how to utilize or overcome the influence of natural wind.

[0039] Ventilation standards: Based on relevant regulations and safety requirements, air quality standards within the tunnel, such as permissible concentrations of pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, are determined. The required ventilation volume is then calculated to ensure the air environment within the tunnel meets safety and health standards. Calculation of ventilation volume and pressure Ventilation volume calculation: Calculating ventilation volume is a crucial step in the design of tunnel ventilation and pressurization systems, as its value directly impacts air quality and construction safety within the tunnel. Determining the ventilation volume requires comprehensive consideration of various factors, primarily tunnel length and curves. According to the "Detailed Design Specifications for Highway Tunnel Lighting" (JTG / TD70 / 2-01—2014) and the "Detailed Design Specifications for Highway Tunnel Ventilation" (JTG / TD70 / 2-02-2014), the ventilation volume can be calculated using methods that dilute carbon monoxide and smoke.

[0040] The formula for calculating carbon monoxide ventilation volume is as follows: ,in This is the baseline amount for carbon monoxide. For design quantity, The length of the tunnel. The carbon monoxide correction factor is used, and the smoke ventilation volume is calculated based on the design smoke concentration and the allowable smoke penetration rate within the tunnel. Simultaneously, ventilation requirements under both impassable and fire conditions must be considered. Under impassable conditions, the air quality within the tunnel must meet the survival requirements of personnel; in the event of a fire, the ventilation volume should effectively control the spread of smoke, creating conditions for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.

[0041] Pressure calculation: The calculation of ventilation pressure aims to ensure that the ventilation system can overcome tunnel resistance and deliver the required ventilation volume to all areas of the tunnel. Tunnel ventilation resistance mainly includes frictional resistance and local resistance. Frictional resistance can be calculated using the Darcy-Wiesbach formula. Calculation, where The coefficient of frictional resistance. The length of the tunnel. Equivalent diameter of the tunnel air density, The air velocity is the airflow velocity, while the local resistance is related to factors such as obstacles and the shape of ventilation openings in the tunnel. It can be calculated by multiplying the local resistance coefficient by the dynamic pressure.

[0042] When determining ventilation pressure, the influence of natural wind pressure must also be considered. Natural wind pressure arises from differences in air temperature and altitude inside and outside the tunnel, and its magnitude and direction vary with seasons and climatic conditions. Accurate calculation of ventilation volume and pressure provides a scientific basis for the selection and design of ventilation pressurization devices, ensuring the efficient operation of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0043] Design of key dimensions of the device: The design of key dimensions of the device directly affects the performance and operation of the tunnel ventilation and pressurization device. The following discussion focuses on three aspects: duct size, fan size, and inlet / outlet size.

[0044] The design of ventilation duct dimensions requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as ventilation volume, air velocity, and resistance. Based on the required ventilation volume of the tunnel and the permissible air velocity range, the cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation duct is determined. Generally, a larger ventilation volume requires a larger cross-sectional area, but the air velocity should not be too high to avoid increasing ventilation resistance and energy consumption. Simultaneously, the length of the ventilation duct also affects ventilation efficiency; therefore, bends and branches should be minimized to reduce local resistance.

[0045] The choice of fan size depends on ventilation volume and pressure requirements. Based on parameters such as tunnel length and slope, the required ventilation pressure and air volume are calculated, and then an appropriate model and specification of fan are selected. Parameters such as fan diameter, number of blades, and rotational speed affect its performance and require optimized design based on actual conditions.

[0046] The design of inlet and outlet dimensions must ensure smooth airflow into and out of the device. Inlet dimensions should be determined based on ventilation volume and inlet velocity to avoid excessive inlet velocity leading to airflow turbulence. Outlet dimensions must consider outlet velocity and pressure to ensure effective ventilation. Furthermore, the shape and structure of the inlet and outlet also affect ventilation efficiency; therefore, a reasonable design should be adopted to reduce resistance.

[0047] By rationally designing the key dimensions of the device, the performance and efficiency of the tunnel ventilation and pressurization device can be improved, ensuring air quality and construction safety inside the tunnel. The contents not described in detail in this description are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation and pressurization device, characterized in that, include: An air supply assembly (1) includes a first mounting shell (101) and a second mounting shell (102). A cavity (103) is provided inside one end of the second mounting shell (102) of the first mounting shell (101). After the second mounting shell (102) of the first mounting shell (101) is installed, the two cavities (103) form a mounting cavity. An impeller (104) is installed inside the mounting cavity. A variable frequency speed control motor (105) is installed inside the first mounting shell (101). The output end of the variable frequency speed control motor (105) is fixedly connected to the impeller (104). An air inlet (106) is provided at the other end of the first mounting shell (101). An air outlet (107) is provided at the other end of the second mounting shell (102). An air inlet pipe (108) is connected to one end of the air inlet (106). An air supply pipe (109) is connected to one end of the air outlet (107) through a connecting mechanism (2). The filter assembly (3) includes a mounting cylinder (31) disposed between an air inlet (106) and an air inlet duct (108). One end of the air inlet (106) and one end of the mounting cylinder (31) are connected to a connecting flange (32). A connecting hole (33) is provided around the surface of the connecting flange (32). A connecting screw is inserted inside the connecting hole (33). One end of the mounting cylinder (31) is connected to one end of the air inlet (106) through the connecting flange (32). A metal sleeve (34) is installed inside the mounting cylinder (31). A filter element (35) is installed inside the metal sleeve (34). A sponge filter sheet (36) is installed on the inner side of the front end of the metal sleeve (34). Several air flow holes (37) are provided through the surface of the metal sleeve (34). The shock-absorbing assembly (4) includes a connecting block (41) fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the first mounting shell (101). The bottom of the connecting block (41) is threaded with a movable connecting rod (42). A retaining ring (43) is installed at the bottom end of the movable connecting rod (42). A bracket (44) is provided at the bottom of the first mounting shell (101). An installation sleeve (45) is installed on the top of the bracket (44). A shock-absorbing spring (46) is installed inside the installation sleeve (45). The movable connecting rod (42) is inserted inside the installation sleeve (45). The retaining ring (43) is in contact with the top of the shock-absorbing spring (46). Fixing holes (47) are opened on both sides inside the bracket (44).

2. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism (2) includes a fixing ring (21) installed on the outer ring of the other end of the second mounting shell (102). The surface of the fixing ring (21) is surrounded by a number of claws (22). One end of the air supply duct (109) is connected to a reducing joint (23). The outer ring of the reducing joint (23) is surrounded by a number of hinge supports (24). A pin (25) is inserted through the middle of the hinge support (24).

3. The pressurizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hinge support (24) is hinged to a hook (26) by a pin (25). A torsion spring (27) is installed on the surface of the pin (25). The front end of the hook (26) is designed with a corresponding bevel to the front of the claw (22). The hook (26) is engaged inside the claw (22).

4. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the end of the mounting cylinder (31) away from the connecting flange (32) is provided with an internal thread groove (311), and the outer ring of the metal sleeve (34) is provided with an external thread groove (341). The metal sleeve (34) is threadedly connected to the inner thread groove (311) of the inner wall of the mounting cylinder (31) through the external thread groove (341). A rotating convex ring (342) is installed on the front end surface of the metal sleeve (34), and the surface of the rotating convex ring (342) is provided with anti-slip texture (3421).

5. The pressurizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the reducing connector (23) is connected to a connecting sleeve (5), and a double-layer sealing ring (6) is installed on the surface of the connecting sleeve (5). The connecting sleeve (5) is inserted into the other end of the second mounting shell (102), and the sealing ring (6) is in contact with the inner wall of the other end of the second mounting shell (102).

6. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A PLC controller (7) is installed on one side of the surface of the second mounting housing (102). A main data line (8) is connected to the surface of the PLC controller (7). One end of the main data line (8) is connected to multiple sub-control wires (9). One end of each of the multiple sub-control wires (9) is connected to a wind speed detector (10) and a gas detector (11). Both the wind speed detector (10) and the gas detector (11) are installed on one side of the second mounting housing (102).

7. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the air inlet pipe (108) and the air outlet pipe (109) are provided with a first clamping ring (12), and the bottom of the air inlet pipe (108) and the air outlet pipe (109) are provided with a second clamping ring (13). The two ends of the first clamping ring (12) and the second clamping ring (13) are connected with connecting pieces (14). The surfaces of the two connecting pieces (14) are fixedly connected by connecting bolts (15). A hoisting frame (16) is installed at the top center of the first clamping ring (12).

8. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impeller (104) is made of aluminum alloy.

9. The pressurizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the air inlet duct (108) and the air outlet duct (109) are made of PVC pipes.

10. The pressurizing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The PLC controller (7) is equipped with an audible and visual alarm (17) at its bottom, and a power supply wire (18) is connected to the surface of the audible and visual alarm (17).

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