A dynamic and static visual inspection device and method for PCB boards

Abstract

This invention discloses a dynamic and static visual inspection device and method for PCB boards, including an inspection fixture assembly and a visual inspection assembly. The inspection fixture assembly includes a clamping vibration mechanism and a unidirectional vibration mechanism. The unidirectional vibration mechanism includes a vibration seat and a unidirectional vibration drive module. The clamping vibration mechanism includes a first clamping vibration structure and a second clamping vibration structure. The first clamping vibration structure includes two first clamping blocks and a first clamping vibration drive module, and the second clamping vibration structure includes two second clamping blocks and a second clamping vibration drive module. The visual inspection assembly includes two industrial cameras. By integrating static visual inspection with dynamic mechanical environment simulation into a single test process, and by performing high-precision image comparison before and after the simulated vibration load, it is possible to effectively screen out PCB boards that are intact under static conditions but will fail prematurely under dynamic stress, thereby achieving a more comprehensive assessment of product reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of PCB board inspection, and in particular to a dynamic and static visual inspection device and method for PCB boards. Background Technology

[0002] Printed circuit boards (PCBs), as core components of electronic devices, not only provide physical support for electronic components but are also the key carriers for realizing their electrical interconnections. Components are fixed to pre-set pads on the PCB board through a soldering process. To ensure factory quality, assembled PCB boards need to undergo visual inspection to identify surface quality issues such as missing components, misalignment, and solder joint defects.

[0003] However, conventional visual inspection methods have inherent limitations: their inspection process is static, only assessing the apparent quality of a product in a static state. When PCBs are used in mobile platform equipment such as ships and automobiles, they will continuously endure multi-dimensional composite mechanical loads from vibration, impact, and other forces from the moving platform during service. This dynamic oscillation environment poses a severe challenge to the structural robustness of the solder joints of components on the PCB (especially large or heavy components), easily leading to fatigue cracking or even detachment of the solder joints, causing electrical connection open circuit faults.

[0004] Currently, general-purpose visual inspection equipment lacks the ability to simulate the aforementioned dynamic mechanical environments, thus failing to effectively assess the structural reliability and long-term durability of PCB boards and their solder joints under actual vibration conditions. This means that PCB boards that pass static inspections alone still harbor the risk of premature failure due to mechanical fatigue in real-world dynamic applications.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology lacks a comprehensive PCB board inspection device and method that can combine high-precision static visual inspection with programmable dynamic mechanical environment simulation, making it difficult to comprehensively and effectively evaluate and screen the overall reliability of PCB boards under actual complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic and static visual inspection device and method for PCB boards, so as to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] This invention provides a dynamic and static visual inspection device for PCB boards, comprising: The testing fixture assembly includes a clamping vibration mechanism and a unidirectional vibration mechanism. The unidirectional vibration mechanism includes a vibration seat and a unidirectional vibration drive module for driving the vibration seat to reciprocate along a first direction. The clamping vibration mechanism includes a first clamping vibration structure and a second clamping vibration structure. The first clamping vibration structure is slidably disposed on the vibration seat along a second direction, and the second clamping vibration structure is slidably disposed on the vibration seat along a third direction. The first clamping vibration structure includes two first clamping blocks that are relatively spaced apart along the third direction, and a first clamping vibration drive module for driving the two first clamping blocks to move closer and further apart and to reciprocate along the third direction. The second clamping vibration structure includes two second clamping blocks that are relatively spaced apart between the two first clamping blocks along the second direction, and a second clamping vibration drive module for driving the two second clamping blocks to move closer and further apart and to reciprocate along the second direction. The two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are used to clamp and abut against the periphery of the PCB board, respectively. The visual inspection component includes two industrial cameras, which are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and are used to capture images of the two surfaces of the PCB board respectively. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device of the present invention are: During use, according to the size of the PCB board, control the distance between the two first clamping blocks in the third direction and the distance between the two second clamping blocks in the second direction, so that the two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are respectively clamped and abutted against the four sides of the PCB board, in order to mount the PCB board between the two industrial cameras. First, perform a static defect determination on the PCB board. Control the two industrial cameras to synchronously capture the front and back sides of the PCB board, and compare the obtained real-time detection images with the standard images to determine whether there are static appearance defects on the PCB board. If there are, transfer to the repair process; if not, determine that the static detection is qualified and enter the next dynamic test. Control the two first clamping blocks to reciprocate along the third direction, control the two second clamping blocks to reciprocate along the second direction, and control the entire vibration seat to reciprocate along the first direction. Through the synthesis of the above three-direction vibrations, apply three-dimensional composite vibrations to the PCB board that has passed the static detection to simulate the multi-directional oscillation environment it experiences in an actual moving platform (such as an automobile or a ship). After the vibration simulation is completed, control the two industrial cameras to synchronously capture the front and back sides of the PCB board again, and compare the obtained real-time detection images with the standard images. If the images after vibration are still the same as the standard images, it indicates that there are no defects such as component displacement, detachment, or solder joint cracking on the PCB board under the dynamic mechanical environment, and it is determined to be qualified; if there is a difference, it is determined to be unqualified. The present invention integrates static vision detection and dynamic mechanical environment simulation into a single test process. By performing high-precision image comparison before and after simulating the vibration load, it can effectively screen out those PCB boards that are intact under static conditions but will fail prematurely under dynamic stress, thereby achieving a more comprehensive assessment of the product's reliability.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first clamping vibration driving module includes two first clamping vibration driving units, and the two first clamping vibration driving units are respectively传动连接 with the two first clamping blocks. The first clamping vibration driving unit is used to drive the first clamping block to move along the third direction; The second clamping vibration driving module includes two second clamping vibration driving units, and the two second clamping vibration driving units are respectively传动连接 with the two second clamping blocks. The second clamping vibration driving unit is used to drive the second clamping block to move along the second direction.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first clamping vibration structure includes two first sliding seats arranged at intervals along the third direction. The two first sliding seats are slidably mounted on the vibration seat along the second direction, and the two first clamping vibration driving units are respectively fixedly mounted on the two first sliding seats; It should be noted that the "传动连接" in the original text is not clear and may need to be further determined according to the specific context. Here, a rough translation is used first. If there is more specific information, it can be more accurately translated.The second clamping vibration structure includes two second slides spaced apart along the second direction. The two second slides are slidably mounted on the vibration seat along the third direction. The two second clamping vibration drive units are respectively fixedly mounted on the two second slides.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, at least one first reset elastic element is provided between the first slide and the vibration seat. The first reset elastic element is used to provide the first slide with an elastic force to move the first clamping block back to the first initial position along the second direction. The first initial position is located at the center line between the two second clamping blocks. At least one second reset elastic element is provided between the second slide and the vibration seat. The second reset elastic element is used to provide the second slide with an elastic force to move the second clamping block back to the second initial position along the third direction. The second initial position is located at the center line between the two first clamping blocks.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the first slide is provided with the first reset elastic element at both ends in the second direction, and the vibration seat is provided with a plurality of first blocks. The first reset elastic element acts between the first slide and the first blocks in the second direction. The second slide is provided with the second reset elastic element at both ends in the third direction, and the vibration seat is provided with a plurality of second stops. The second reset elastic element acts between the second slide and the second stops along the third direction.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a first guide rod extending in the second direction is connected between the two first blocks located at both ends of the first slide block. The first slide block and the first guide rod are slidably engaged. The first reset elastic element is a first spring sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod. A second guide rod extending along the third direction is connected between the two second blocks located at both ends of the second slide block. The second slide block and the second guide rod are slidably engaged. The second reset elastic element is a second spring sleeved on the outer periphery of the second guide rod.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, each of the two first clamping blocks is provided with a stepped first abutting step at one end facing each other, and each of the two second clamping blocks is provided with a stepped second abutting step at one end facing each other. The first abutting step and the second abutting step are used to support and abut the edges around the PCB board.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the testing fixture assembly further includes a rotating mechanism, which includes a rotating seat and a rotating drive structure for driving the rotating seat to rotate. The rotation axis of the rotating seat extends along the first direction and is concentrically arranged with the center of the PCB board. The unidirectional vibration drive module includes multiple unidirectional vibrators, which are connected between the vibration seat and the rotating seat.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the center of the rotating seat is provided with a first hollowed-out slot that runs through the first direction, and the center of the vibrating seat is provided with a second hollowed-out slot that runs through the first direction. The two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are arranged in a rectangle with the second hollowed-out slot as the center. One of the industrial cameras is located on the side of the vibrating seat facing away from the rotating seat, and the other industrial camera is located on the side of the rotating seat facing away from the vibrating seat. The second hollowed-out slot, the first hollowed-out slot, and the two industrial cameras are coaxially arranged.

[0018] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a dynamic and static visual inspection method for PCB boards, applicable to the aforementioned dynamic and static visual inspection device for PCB boards, the dynamic and static visual inspection method for PCB boards comprising: The PCB board to be tested is placed between two industrial cameras, and the two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are controlled to clamp and fix the PCB board from all sides. The two industrial cameras are controlled to simultaneously capture images of the front and back of the PCB board, respectively acquiring a first real-time detection image and a second real-time detection image; The first real-time detection image is compared with the first preset standard image, and the second real-time detection image is compared with the second preset standard image. If the image comparison results are consistent, the PCB board is determined to have no static appearance defects and enters the dynamic testing stage. If they are inconsistent, it is directly determined to be unqualified. The first preset amplitude and the first preset frequency control drive the two first clamping blocks to reciprocate along the third direction, the second preset amplitude and the second preset frequency control the two second clamping blocks to reciprocate along the second direction, and the third preset amplitude and the third preset frequency control the vibration seat to reciprocate along the first direction, so as to perform three-dimensional composite vibration simulation on the PCB board that has passed static detection; After completing the vibration simulation for a preset duration, the two industrial cameras are controlled again to capture images of the front and back of the PCB board, respectively, to obtain the third and fourth real-time detection images. The third real-time detected image is compared with the first preset image, and the fourth real-time detected image is compared with the second preset image. If the image comparison results are still consistent, it is determined to be qualified; if there is a discrepancy, it is determined to be unqualified.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device provided by the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of the testing tooling assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection method provided by the present invention; Icon labels: Clamping vibration mechanism 100; first clamping vibration structure 110; first clamping block 111; first abutting step 1111; first clamping vibration drive unit 112; first slide 113; first stop 114; first guide rod 115; first spring 116; second clamping vibration structure 120; second clamping block 121; second abutting step 1211; second clamping vibration drive unit 122; second slide 123; second stop 124; second guide rod 125; second spring 126; rotating seat 130; first hollowed-out slot 131; rotating drive structure 140; gear ring 141; servo motor 142; drive gear 143; frame 150; Unidirectional vibration mechanism 200; vibration seat 210; second hollow slot 211; unidirectional vibrator 220; Industrial camera 300; PCB board 400. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0024] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device of the present invention is implemented in the following embodiments: The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device of the present invention includes: an inspection fixture assembly and a visual inspection assembly.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the detection tooling assembly of the present invention mainly consists of a clamping vibration mechanism 100 and a unidirectional vibration mechanism 200.

[0028] The unidirectional vibration mechanism 200 specifically includes a vibration seat 210 and a unidirectional vibration drive module. The vibration seat 210 is usually horizontally arranged, and the unidirectional vibration drive module is connected to the vibration seat 210 for driving the vibration seat 210 to reciprocate in the vertical direction, i.e., the up-down direction. This is the most basic and typical embodiment.

[0029] It should be noted that the unidirectional vibration mechanism 200 of the present invention is not limited to the aforementioned directions. In other feasible embodiments, the installation posture of the vibration seat 210 can be adjusted according to the vibration direction required for the actual test, such as tilting or vertically. Accordingly, the unidirectional vibration drive module is configured to drive the vibration seat 210 to reciprocate along the set direction, for example, along the horizontal direction or any tilting direction. In specific implementations, the unidirectional vibration drive module can provide the vibration seat 210 with independently adjustable amplitude and frequency vibration output. This makes it possible to simulate mechanical environments with different intensities and frequencies.

[0030] As a preferred implementation, the unidirectional vibration drive module can be composed of multiple unidirectional vibrators 220, which can be linear motors, electromagnetic exciters, etc. These unidirectional vibrators 220 can be evenly or non-uniformly arranged at the bottom of the vibration base 210 or other driving positions according to mechanical requirements. Through their synchronous or coordinated operation, they jointly provide the vibration base 210 with a stable and controllable reciprocating driving force along a set direction, such as the up-down direction described above.

[0031] The clamping vibration mechanism 100 of the present invention includes a first clamping vibration structure 110 and a second clamping vibration structure 120, which are arranged orthogonally in space.

[0032] The first clamping vibration structure 110 of the present invention is slidably mounted on the vibration base 210, and its sliding direction is left and right. Similarly, the second clamping vibration structure 120 is slidably mounted on the vibration base 210, and its sliding direction is front and back.

[0033] The first clamping vibration structure 110 of the present invention includes two first clamping blocks 111 arranged at relative intervals along the front-back direction and a first clamping vibration drive module.

[0034] The first clamping vibration driving module of the present invention has two independent driving modes: Clamping drive mode: Drive the two first clamping blocks 111 to move synchronously towards or away from each other in the front-back direction to clamp or release the workpiece, while meeting the needs of workpieces of different sizes.

[0035] Vibration drive mode: Drive the two first clamping blocks 111 and the clamped workpiece to reciprocate in the front-back direction, while simultaneously driving the entire second clamping vibration structure 120 to reciprocate in its sliding direction, i.e., the front-back direction.

[0036] The second clamping vibration structure 120 of the present invention includes two second clamping blocks 121 arranged at relative intervals in the left-right direction and a second clamping vibration drive module. The two second clamping blocks 121 are located on the left and right sides between the two first clamping blocks 111.

[0037] The second clamping vibration drive module of the present invention also has two independent drive modes: Clamping drive mode: Drive the two second clamping blocks 121 to move synchronously towards each other or away from each other in the left and right directions, so as to cooperate with the first clamping block 111 to complete the clamping of the workpiece from all sides.

[0038] Vibration drive mode: Drives the two second clamping blocks 121 and the clamped workpiece to reciprocate in the front-back direction, while simultaneously driving the entire first clamping vibration structure 110 to reciprocate in its sliding direction, i.e., the left-right direction.

[0039] In practical implementation, both the first and second clamping vibration drive modules can provide vibration outputs with independently adjustable amplitude and frequency for their corresponding clamping structures. This independent parameter control capability enables the system to flexibly simulate multidimensional composite mechanical environments with different intensities and frequencies.

[0040] In use, the PCB board 400 is clamped and pressed against the edge from four directions by two first clamping blocks 111 and two second clamping blocks 121, thereby stably and suspending the PCB board 400 at the test station, preparing for subsequent static and dynamic vibration tests.

[0041] The visual inspection component of this invention mainly includes an image acquisition unit and an image processing unit.

[0042] The image acquisition unit includes two industrial cameras 300, which are set opposite each other in the vertical direction, i.e., up and down, and are precisely aimed at the upper and lower surfaces of the clamped PCB board 400, i.e. the front and back. Their function is to simultaneously or separately acquire high-resolution images of both sides of the PCB board 400 to obtain real-time surface state images.

[0043] The core of the image processing unit is an image comparison module. This module pre-stores a standard image database containing standard layout images of the front and back sides of several PCB board models 400, serving as comparison benchmarks. During operation, the image comparison module receives real-time detection images transmitted from the image acquisition unit, i.e., the two industrial cameras 300. Subsequently, based on the model of the PCB board 400 being tested, the module retrieves the corresponding standard image and performs high-precision pixel-level or feature-level comparison analysis between the real-time image and the standard image. Its core function is to automatically determine whether the real-time detection image and the standard image are consistent within a preset tolerance range and output the comparison result, such as "consistent / qualified" or "inconsistent / defective."

[0044] During testing, according to the size of the PCB board 400, control the spacing between the two first clamping blocks 111 in the front-back direction and the spacing between the two second clamping blocks 121 in the left-right direction, so that the two first clamping blocks 111 and the two second clamping blocks 121 respectively clamp and abut against the four peripheral edges of the PCB board 400, so as to place the PCB board 400 on the detection station between the two industrial cameras 300.

[0045] First, perform a static defect determination on the PCB board 400. Control the two industrial cameras 300 to synchronously capture the front and back sides of the PCB board 400, and compare the obtained real-time detection images with the standard images to determine whether there are static appearance defects on the PCB board 400. If there are, transfer to the repair process. If not, determine that the static detection is qualified and enter the next dynamic test. Control the two first clamping blocks 111 to reciprocate in the front-back direction, control the two second clamping blocks 121 to reciprocate in the left-right direction, and control the entire vibration seat 210 to reciprocate up and down. Through the synthesis of the above three-direction vibrations, apply three-dimensional composite vibrations to the PCB board 400 that has passed the static detection to simulate the multi-directional oscillation environment it bears in an actual moving platform (such as an automobile or a ship). After the vibration simulation is completed, control the two industrial cameras 300 to synchronously capture the front and back sides of the PCB board 400 again, and compare the obtained real-time detection images with the standard images again. If the images after vibration are still consistent with the standard images, it indicates that no defects such as component displacement, shedding, or solder joint cracking have occurred on the PCB board 400 under the dynamic mechanical environment, and it is determined to be qualified; if there is an inconsistency, it is determined to be unqualified.

[0046] The present invention integrates static vision detection and dynamic mechanical environment simulation into a single test process. By performing high-precision image comparison before and after simulating the vibration load, it can effectively screen out those PCB boards 400 that are intact statically but will fail prematurely under dynamic stress, thereby achieving a more comprehensive assessment of the product reliability.

[0047] Furthermore, the present invention provides modular, independent, and cooperative driving implementation schemes for the first clamping vibration structure 110 and the second clamping vibration structure 120, specifically: The first clamping vibration driving module of the present invention includes two first clamping vibration driving units 112. The two first clamping vibration driving units 112 are respectively传动连接 with the two first clamping blocks 111. The first clamping vibration driving unit 112 is used to drive the first clamping block 111 to move in the front-back direction; The second clamping vibration driving module includes two second clamping vibration driving units 122. The two second clamping vibration driving units 122 are respectively传动连接 with the two second clamping blocks 121. The second clamping vibration driving unit 122 is used to drive the second clamping block 121 to move in the left-right direction. It should be noted that the term "传动连接" in the original text is not a standard English expression. It might be a specific technical term in Chinese. Here, I've left it in the translation to maintain the integrity of the original text. If there is a more accurate English equivalent, it should be used for a more precise translation.

[0048] During clamping and positioning, the two first clamping vibration drive units 112 drive each of the first clamping blocks 111 individually. Similarly, the two second clamping vibration drive units 122 drive each of the second clamping blocks 121 individually. This mode achieves adaptive and high-precision centering clamping of the PCB board 400.

[0049] During vibration testing, the two first clamping vibration drive units 112 switch to synchronous operation, jointly driving the two clamped first clamping blocks 111 and one side of the clamped PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the front-back direction with the same frequency and phase. Similarly, the two second clamping vibration drive units 122 work synchronously, driving the two second clamping blocks 121 and the other side of the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the left-right direction.

[0050] The first clamping vibration drive unit 112 and the second clamping vibration drive unit 122 can be selected, but are not limited to, actuators such as cylinders, electric cylinders, and linear motors that can achieve precise linear reciprocating motion.

[0051] The first clamping vibration structure 110 of the present invention further includes two first slide blocks 113 spaced apart in the front-to-back direction. The two first slide blocks 113 are slidably mounted on the vibration base 210 in the left-to-right direction, and two first clamping vibration drive units 112 are respectively fixedly mounted on the two first slide blocks 113. The second clamping vibration structure 120 includes two second slide blocks 123 spaced apart in the left-to-right direction. The two second slide blocks 123 are slidably mounted on the vibration base 210 in the front-to-back direction, and two second clamping vibration drive units 122 are respectively fixedly mounted on the two second slide blocks 123.

[0052] When the two first clamping vibration drive units 112 drive the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the front-to-back direction, they simultaneously drive the two second slide blocks 123 to move in the front-to-back direction, so that the entire second clamping vibration structure 120 follows the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the front-to-back direction. When the two second clamping vibration drive units 122 drive the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the left-to-right direction, they simultaneously drive the two first slide blocks 113 to move in the left-to-right direction, so that the entire first clamping vibration structure 110 follows the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the left-to-right direction. This design ensures that under vibration excitation in any direction, the clamping structure in the other orthogonal direction can slide freely, thereby completely avoiding rigid interference or constraint between the two clamping vibration structures in spatial motion, ensuring the independence of multidimensional vibration and the smoothness of the synthesized motion.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention provides an elastic reset and precise positioning system to ensure automatic centering and stable support of the PCB board 400 under natural conditions. At least one first reset elastic element is provided between the first slide 113 and the vibration seat 210. The first reset elastic element provides the first slide 113 with a spring force to move the first clamping block 111 in the left-right direction back to a first initial position, which is located at the center line between the two second clamping blocks 121. At least one second reset elastic element is provided between the second slide 123 and the vibration seat 210. The second reset elastic element provides the second slide 123 with a spring force to move the second clamping block 121 in the front-back direction back to a second initial position, which is located at the center line between the two first clamping blocks 111.

[0054] Through the above design, in the initial natural state without external force, the two first clamping blocks 111 and the two second clamping blocks 121 automatically maintain a rectangular distribution under the action of elastic force, and the center intersection of their clamping surfaces coincides with the theoretical center of the PCB board 400. When the PCB board 400 is placed, the four clamping blocks can perform initial, adaptive clamping positioning from the center position of their four sides.

[0055] To achieve a more stable and accurate automatic centering effect, the present invention adopts a bidirectional elastic reset design. The first slide 113 is provided with first reset elastic elements at both ends in the left and right directions. The vibration seat 210 is provided with multiple first stops 114. The first reset elastic elements act between the first slide 113 and the first stops 114 in the left and right directions. The two first reset elastic elements form a pair of balanced elastic forces in opposite directions, which together drive the first slide 113 to stably reset and maintain it in the center position in the left and right directions.

[0056] The second slide block 123 is provided with second reset elastic elements at both ends in the front-rear direction, and the vibration seat 210 is provided with multiple second stops 124. The second reset elastic elements act between the second slide block 123 and the second stops 124 in the front-rear direction. The two second reset elastic elements form a pair of balanced elastic forces in opposite directions, which together drive the second slide block 123 to stably reset and maintain it in the center position in the front-rear direction.

[0057] Among them, a first guide rod 115 extending in the left and right direction is connected between two first blocks 114 located at the left and right ends of the first slide block 113, and the first slide block 113 and the first guide rod 115 slide in the left and right directions. The first reset elastic element is a first spring 116 sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod 115.

[0058] A second guide rod 125 extending in the front-rear direction is connected between two second blocks 124 located at the front and rear ends of the second slide block 123, respectively. The second slide block 123 and the second guide rod 125 are slidably engaged. The second reset elastic element is a second spring 126 sleeved on the outer periphery of the second guide rod 125.

[0059] In some other embodiments, the first reset elastic element and the second reset elastic element may be selected from elastic rubber sleeves or spring sheets, etc.

[0060] To facilitate the placement and positioning of the PCB board 400 and prevent it from slipping accidentally, a stepped first abutment step 1111 is provided at the opposite end of each of the two first clamping blocks 111, and a stepped second abutment step 1211 is provided at the opposite end of each of the two second clamping blocks 121. When the PCB board 400 is placed in, its edge first falls into and is supported on the horizontal surface of these steps, achieving rapid pre-positioning. Subsequently, during the clamping process, the vertical surface of the steps fits against the side wall of the edge of the PCB board 400, completing precise lateral abutment and clamping. This design integrates support, guidance and abutment functions into one.

[0061] Furthermore, this invention integrates a rotating mechanism into the inspection tooling assembly to expand the functionality of the inspection device. The rotating mechanism and its effects are as follows: The rotating mechanism of the present invention includes a rotating base 130 and a rotating drive structure 140. The rotating drive structure 140 drives the rotating base 130 to rotate about its axis, which is designed to extend vertically and is concentrically positioned with respect to the geometric center of the clamped PCB board 400. Multiple unidirectional vibrators 220 are connected between the top of the vibrating base 210 and the rotating base 130, thus forming a series motion transmission chain of "rotating base 130 - vibrating base 210 - clamping vibrating mechanism 100". The rotating mechanism has the following two functions: Function 1: Active dust removal During the production and assembly of PCB board 400, dust or fine particulate matter may adhere to its surface. These contaminants can not only affect the long-term reliability of PCB board 400, but also generate false defect signals during visual inspection, interfering with the accuracy of the inspection. To address this, the present invention utilizes a rotating mechanism to provide an active dust removal function: after the PCB board 400 is loaded and clamped, the rotating drive structure 140 can be controlled to drive the rotating seat 130 and the clamping vibration mechanism 100 and unidirectional vibration mechanism 200 above it to rotate at high speed and continuously with the PCB board 400. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation can effectively remove most of the dust adhering to the surface of the PCB board 400, providing a clean surface foundation for subsequent high-precision visual inspection.

[0062] Function 2: Composite Rotational Vibration Simulation When conducting dynamic reliability testing, the rotating mechanism of this invention can be used to simulate more complex mechanical environments. By controlling the rotating drive structure 140, the rotating seat 130 reciprocates according to a preset rotation frequency and swing amplitude (or angle), that is, swings back and forth within a certain angle range. This motion can be synthesized with the aforementioned three-dimensional linear vibration to simulate the composite dynamic load of linear vibration and rotational swaying that the PCB board 400 experiences in actual applications, such as being near rotating machinery or in a non-steady moving platform. This multi-dimensional motion simulation makes the dynamic test more realistically reflect the structural durability and connection reliability of the product under complex working conditions.

[0063] To make the overall structure of the detection device more compact and to ensure that the visual detection path is unobstructed, the present invention adopts a coaxial integrated design for the layout of the rotating seat 130, the vibration seat 210 and the industrial camera 300.

[0064] A first through-hole 131 extending vertically is formed at the center of the rotating base 130, and a second through-hole 211 extending vertically is formed at the center of the vibrating base 210. Two first clamping blocks 111 and two second clamping blocks 121 are arranged in a rectangle around the geometric center of the second through-hole 211. Two industrial cameras 300 are arranged opposite each other vertically, ensuring that their optical axes are coaxial with the aforementioned through-hole structure. Specifically, one industrial camera 300 is mounted on the upper side of the vibrating base 210 with its lens facing downwards and aligned with the second through-hole 211, and the other industrial camera 300 is mounted on the lower side of the rotating base 130 with its lens facing upwards and aligned with the first through-hole 131. Structurally, the second through-hole 211, the first through-hole 131, and the central axis of the imaging optical path of the two industrial cameras 300 are coincident.

[0065] This coaxial, hollowed-out layout achieves a high degree of spatial compactness, allowing the mechanical structures used for clamping and vibration (first clamping block 111, second clamping block 121, vibration seat 210, and rotating seat 130) to be nested and integrated with the industrial camera (300) used for visual inspection, greatly reducing the overall size and footprint of the equipment. Simultaneously, this design fundamentally eliminates any physical obstruction of the camera's field of view by mechanical components, ensuring that the two industrial cameras 300 can obtain a complete and interference-free shooting path from both sides of the PCB board 400 through the entire clamping area, guaranteeing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of visual inspection.

[0066] In this embodiment, the rotating base 130 is rotatably mounted on the frame 150. The rotation drive structure 140 includes a gear ring 141 fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the rotating base 130, a servo motor 142 mounted on the frame 150, and a drive gear 143 connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 142. The drive gear 143 meshes with the gear ring 141. In this embodiment, the frame 150 is annular.

[0067] Furthermore, this invention also proposes a dynamic and static visual inspection method for PCB boards, applicable to the aforementioned dynamic and static visual inspection device for PCB boards, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection method of the present invention includes: Step S100: Place the PCB board 400 to be tested between two industrial cameras 300, and control the two first clamping blocks 111 and the two second clamping blocks 121 to clamp and fix the PCB board 400 from all sides. Step S200: Control two industrial cameras 300 to simultaneously capture images of the front and back of the PCB board 400, and acquire the first real-time detection image and the second real-time detection image respectively. Step S300: Compare the first real-time detection image with the standard first preset image, and at the same time compare the second real-time detection image with the standard second preset image. If the image comparison results are consistent, it is determined that the PCB board 400 has no static appearance defects and enters the dynamic testing stage. If they are inconsistent, it is directly determined to be unqualified. Step S400: Control the two first clamping blocks 111 to reciprocate along the third direction according to the first preset amplitude and the first preset frequency, control the two second clamping blocks 121 to reciprocate along the second direction according to the second preset amplitude and the second preset frequency, and control the vibration seat 210 to reciprocate along the first direction according to the third preset amplitude and the third preset frequency, so as to perform three-dimensional composite vibration simulation on the PCB board 400 that has passed the static detection. Step S500: After completing the vibration simulation for a preset duration, control the two industrial cameras 300 again to take pictures of the front and back of the PCB board 400 respectively, and obtain the third real-time detection image and the fourth real-time detection image respectively. Step S600: Compare the third real-time detection image with the first preset image, and compare the fourth real-time detection image with the second preset image. If the image comparison results are still consistent, the image is deemed qualified; otherwise, it is deemed unqualified.

[0068] In step S100, the distance between the two first clamping blocks 111 and the distance between the two second clamping blocks 121 are adjusted according to the size of the PCB board 400. When the PCB board 400 is placed in, its edge first falls into and is supported on the horizontal surface of the first abutting step 1111 and the second abutting step 1211, achieving rapid pre-positioning. Then the two first clamping blocks 111 and the two second clamping blocks 121 come together, and the vertical surface of the step is in contact with the edge sidewall of the PCB board 400, completing precise lateral abutment and clamping, and keeping the geometric center of the PCB board 400 coaxial with the two industrial cameras 300.

[0069] In step S400, the two first clamping vibration drive units 112 are switched to synchronous operation, jointly driving the two clamped first clamping blocks 111 and one side of the clamped PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the front-back direction with the same frequency and phase. Similarly, the two second clamping vibration drive units 122 are switched to synchronous operation, jointly driving the two second clamping blocks 121 and the other side of the PCB board 400 to reciprocate in the left-right direction. Through the synchronous or coordinated operation of multiple unidirectional vibrators 220, a stable and controllable reciprocating driving force in the up-down direction is provided to the vibration seat 210.

[0070] In some other embodiments, the dynamic and static visual inspection method for PCB boards also includes a step of actively removing dust from the PCB board 400. Specifically, after the PCB board 400 is loaded and clamped, the rotation drive structure 140 is controlled to drive the rotating seat 130 to rotate continuously at high speed. With the help of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation, most of the dust attached to the surface of the PCB board 400 is effectively thrown off.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection method also includes a step of simulating composite rotational vibration of the PCB board 400. Specifically, during dynamic reliability testing, that is, during the execution of step S400, the rotary drive structure 140 is controlled to make the rotary seat 130 reciprocate according to a preset rotational frequency and swing amplitude. This motion can be combined with the aforementioned three-dimensional linear vibration to simulate the composite dynamic load of linear vibration and rotational swaying that the PCB board 400 bears in actual applications, such as when it is near rotating machinery or in a non-steady moving platform.

[0072] This invention integrates high-precision visual comparison, three-dimensional vibration simulation, and composite rotational vibration simulation into a continuous automated process, achieving integrated static and dynamic reliability testing of PCB boards. It not only detects static defects but also effectively screens out potentially defective products that are "statically intact but dynamically fragile," thus enabling a more comprehensive and realistic assessment of the long-term reliability of products in real-world application environments, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional single static testing methods.

[0073] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0074] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic and static visual inspection device for PCB boards, characterized in that, include: The testing fixture assembly includes a clamping vibration mechanism and a unidirectional vibration mechanism. The unidirectional vibration mechanism includes a vibration seat and a unidirectional vibration drive module for driving the vibration seat to reciprocate along a first direction. The clamping vibration mechanism includes a first clamping vibration structure and a second clamping vibration structure. The first clamping vibration structure is slidably disposed on the vibration seat along a second direction, and the second clamping vibration structure is slidably disposed on the vibration seat along a third direction. The first clamping vibration structure includes two first clamping blocks that are relatively spaced apart along the third direction, and a first clamping vibration drive module for driving the two first clamping blocks to move closer and further apart and to reciprocate along the third direction. The second clamping vibration structure includes two second clamping blocks that are relatively spaced apart between the two first clamping blocks along the second direction, and a second clamping vibration drive module for driving the two second clamping blocks to move closer and further apart and to reciprocate along the second direction. The two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are used to clamp and abut against the periphery of the PCB board, respectively. The visual inspection component includes two industrial cameras, which are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and are used to capture images of the two surfaces of the PCB board respectively. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are orthogonal to each other.

2. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamping vibration drive module includes two first clamping vibration drive units, which are respectively connected to two first clamping blocks. The first clamping vibration drive units are used to drive the first clamping blocks to move along the third direction. The second clamping vibration drive module includes two second clamping vibration drive units, which are respectively connected to the two second clamping blocks. The second clamping vibration drive units are used to drive the second clamping blocks to move along the second direction.

3. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first clamping vibration structure includes two first slide blocks spaced apart along the third direction, the two first slide blocks being slidably mounted on the vibration seat along the second direction, and two first clamping vibration drive units being fixedly mounted on the two first slide blocks respectively; The second clamping vibration structure includes two second slides spaced apart along the second direction. The two second slides are slidably mounted on the vibration seat along the third direction. The two second clamping vibration drive units are respectively fixedly mounted on the two second slides.

4. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least one first reset elastic element is provided between the first slide and the vibration seat. The first reset elastic element is used to provide the first slide with an elastic force to move the first clamping block back to the first initial position along the second direction. The first initial position is located at the center line between the two second clamping blocks. At least one second reset elastic element is provided between the second slide and the vibration seat. The second reset elastic element is used to provide the second slide with an elastic force to move the second clamping block back to the second initial position along the third direction. The second initial position is located at the center line between the two first clamping blocks.

5. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first slide is provided with the first reset elastic element at both ends in the second direction, and the vibration seat is provided with a plurality of first stops. The first reset elastic element acts between the first slide and the first stops along the second direction. The second slide is provided with the second reset elastic element at both ends in the third direction, and the vibration seat is provided with a plurality of second stops. The second reset elastic element acts between the second slide and the second stops along the third direction.

6. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first guide rod extending along the second direction is connected between the two first blocks located at both ends of the first slide block. The first slide block is slidably engaged with the first guide rod. The first reset elastic element is a first spring sleeved on the outer periphery of the first guide rod. A second guide rod extending along the third direction is connected between the two second blocks located at both ends of the second slide block. The second slide block and the second guide rod are slidably engaged. The second reset elastic element is a second spring sleeved on the outer periphery of the second guide rod.

7. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the two first clamping blocks has a stepped first abutting step at one end facing each other, and each of the two second clamping blocks has a stepped second abutting step at one end facing each other. The first abutting step and the second abutting step are used to support and abut the edges of the PCB board.

8. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The testing fixture assembly further includes a rotating mechanism, which includes a rotating seat and a rotating drive structure for driving the rotating seat to rotate. The rotation axis of the rotating seat extends along the first direction and is concentrically arranged with the center of the PCB board. The unidirectional vibration drive module includes multiple unidirectional vibrators, which are connected between the vibration seat and the rotating seat.

9. The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotating base has a first hollowed-out slot extending along the first direction at its center, and the vibrating base has a second hollowed-out slot extending along the first direction at its center. The two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are arranged in a rectangle with the second hollowed-out slot as the center. One of the industrial cameras is located on the side of the vibrating base facing away from the rotating base, and the other industrial camera is located on the side of the rotating base facing away from the vibrating base. The second hollowed-out slot, the first hollowed-out slot, and the two industrial cameras are coaxially arranged.

10. A method for dynamic and static visual inspection of PCB boards, characterized in that, The PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the PCB board dynamic and static visual inspection method comprises: The PCB board to be tested is placed between two industrial cameras, and the two first clamping blocks and the two second clamping blocks are controlled to clamp and fix the PCB board from all sides. The two industrial cameras are controlled to simultaneously capture images of the front and back of the PCB board, respectively acquiring a first real-time detection image and a second real-time detection image; The first real-time detection image is compared with the first preset standard image, and the second real-time detection image is compared with the second preset standard image. If the image comparison results are consistent, the PCB board is determined to have no static appearance defects and enters the dynamic testing stage. If they are inconsistent, it is directly determined to be unqualified. The first preset amplitude and the first preset frequency control drive the two first clamping blocks to reciprocate along the third direction, the second preset amplitude and the second preset frequency control the two second clamping blocks to reciprocate along the second direction, and the third preset amplitude and the third preset frequency control the vibration seat to reciprocate along the first direction, so as to perform three-dimensional composite vibration simulation on the PCB board that has passed static detection; After completing the vibration simulation for a preset duration, the two industrial cameras are controlled again to capture images of the front and back of the PCB board, respectively, to obtain the third and fourth real-time detection images. The third real-time detected image is compared with the first preset image, and the fourth real-time detected image is compared with the second preset image. If the image comparison results are still consistent, it is determined to be qualified; if there is a discrepancy, it is determined to be unqualified.

Images