Device and method for dynamically optimizing parameters of mechanical smoke exhaust system based on clear height of aisle
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHAANXI METALLURGICAL DESIGN & RES INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
Smart Images
Figure CN122087969A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building fire protection engineering technology, specifically relating to a mechanical smoke exhaust system based on the clear height of corridors. Device and method for dynamic parameter optimization. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of building fire protection engineering, mechanical smoke exhaust systems are key facilities for ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation. One of their core design parameters is the thickness of the smoke layer at the intake (i.e., The parameter (db) directly affects smoke extraction efficiency and system energy consumption. With the diversification of building forms, the difference in corridor clearance height has increased significantly (from 2.5m in underground spaces to over 6m in large complexes), posing differentiated requirements for smoke extraction system design. Existing technologies mainly focus on optimizing the duct layout and spatial adaptation of smoke extraction systems. Chinese patent CN210154012U discloses a corridor mechanical smoke extraction system that can save on smoke extraction machine rooms. It connects the smoke extraction branch pipes of two smoke control zones through a reducing tee, optimizing the pipe size to maintain the corridor clearance height. This solution mainly solves the problem of pipe space occupation, but does not address the quantitative relationship between the db parameter and clearance height. Chinese patent CN212613543U describes an internal corridor fire smoke extraction system that increases the internal corridor clearance height by reserving duct space and connecting vertical and horizontal ducts, reducing the occupation of fan rooms and pipes. However, it still uses fixed smoke extraction outlets, which cannot adapt to the dynamic changes in the smoke layer during a fire. Chinese patent CN109999392A discloses a fire-fighting smoke extraction device, including a movable flatbed cart and a height-adjustable smoke guide assembly, capable of capturing smoke from different layers. However, this device relies primarily on manual operation and lacks automated sensor monitoring and real-time adjustment mechanisms. US patent US6276358B1 describes a vertically adjustable ventilation hood system that adjusts the distance between the smoke hood and the heating surface via hydraulic or electric actuators. However, this technology is designed for cooking scenarios and does not consider the complexity of building fire protection or the quantitative relationship of net height parameters. In academic research, a 2021 journal article published by Hong Kong Polytechnic University, "Sustainable Smoke Extraction System for Atrium: A Numerical Study," studied a sustainable smoke extraction system for atrium spaces through numerical simulation. It proposed dynamically controlling the activation time of ventilation openings to control smoke layer thickness and avoid perforation. This research emphasizes the importance of dynamic control in high-net-height spaces. Another paper published in 2022, “Numerical Simulation on the Effect of Fire Shutter Descending Speed on SmokeLayer Thickness in Corridor Fires”, analyzed the effect of the descent speed of the fire shutter on the thickness of the smoke layer in the corridor and pointed out the optimization direction for the smoke layer stabilization period after mechanical smoke exhaust is activated, but did not establish a quantitative model of net height and db parameter.
[0003] Currently, existing technologies still have the following three shortcomings: First, the problem of fixed parameters is prominent. Current standards (such as GB 51251-2017 "Technical Standard for Smoke Control and Exhaust Systems in Buildings") do not clearly define... The quantitative relationship between parameters and corridor clearance height is often based on empirical values (usually fixed values of 0.9m or 1.0m). This leads to insufficient smoke extraction efficiency in low-clearance corridors (H≤3m), causing the smoke layer to sink too quickly and affecting personnel evacuation. Conversely, high-clearance corridors (H>6m) have better efficiency due to... Improper parameter settings can result in more than 30% of the exhaust volume being wasted, leading to energy waste.
[0004] Second, it lacks dynamic adaptability. Traditional smoke exhaust outlets are fixedly installed and cannot be adjusted according to real-time changes in the thickness of the smoke layer during the fire's development. When the smoke layer moves up and down due to fluctuations in the heat release rate, the fixed outlets... The exhaust port of the parameter either draws in too much clean air (perforation effect) or fails to effectively capture the smoke, resulting in a significant decrease in exhaust efficiency.
[0005] Third, a simulation and verification system is lacking. Existing designs often overlook the impact of structural differences in buildings (such as curved corridors, large-span atriums, and irregularly shaped spaces) on smoke flow. They lack a systematic method for automatically extracting geometric parameters based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and verifying them through Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS), leading to… The parameters have poor applicability in complex scenarios and are difficult to meet the diverse fire safety needs of modern buildings. Summary of the Invention
[0006] This invention provides a mechanical smoke extraction system based on corridor clearance height. The purpose of this parameter dynamic optimization device and method is to provide a solution to the problems of existing mechanical smoke exhaust systems. Devices and methods that suffer from problems such as fixed parameters, lack of quantitative relationship with corridor clearance, inability to dynamically adapt to changes in smoke layer during fire, and insufficient smoke exhaust efficiency or excessive energy consumption due to lack of simulation verification.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height The parameter dynamic optimization device includes: a data extraction module for automatically extracting the net height data H of the target walkway based on the BIM model; and a parameter calculation module for calculating the net height data H using a quantitative formula. Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; The multi-sensor fusion monitoring module includes a multi-source sensor consisting of an infrared thermal imager, a laser rangefinder, and a barometric pressure sensor, and a control unit. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer; the laser rangefinder is used to measure the thickness of the flue gas layer in real time; the barometric pressure sensor is used to detect the negative pressure value of the exhaust port; the control unit calculates the lower edge height of the flue gas layer based on the data from the multi-source sensors, and generates a control command to lower the exhaust port when the lower edge height of the flue gas layer is lower than a preset safe height threshold. The liftable smoke exhaust outlet includes a servo motor drive module, which is electrically connected to the liftable smoke exhaust outlet and is used to drive the smoke exhaust outlet to move vertically based on the multi-source sensor data, and adjust it in real time. Parameter value.
[0008] It also includes a digital twin verification module, used to generate a digital twin verification model for the target walkway using FDS simulation. Recommended parameter range.
[0009] The vertical movement range of the liftable smoke exhaust port is 0.2m to 2.5m, and the response time of the servo motor is 0.5s to 3s.
[0010] Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height A dynamic parameter optimization method is used, employing a mechanical smoke extraction system based on the corridor clearance height. The parameter dynamic optimization device includes the following steps: Step 1: Automatically extract the net height data H of the target corridor based on the BIM model; Step 2: Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; Step 3: Acquire multi-source sensor data in real time when a fire occurs; Step 4: Based on the acquired multi-source sensor data, control the servo motor to drive the smoke exhaust port to move vertically and adjust in real time. Parameter value.
[0011] Step two calculates the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. The specific method for calculating the parameter values is based on the net height data H, using the following quantitative formula to calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. Parameter value,
[0012] in: This is a correction factor, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.6; The minimum clear height is defined as 1.6m to 2.0m.
[0013] When the net height H ≤ 3m, the correction factor k ranges from 0.2 to 0.3, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 0.3m to 0.5m.
[0014] When the net height H > 6m, the correction coefficient k ranges from 0.5 to 0.6, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 1.5m to 2.0m.
[0015] When the laser rangefinder detects that the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer is lower than the preset safe height threshold in step three, it automatically lowers its position. Parameter value.
[0016] The infrared thermal imager monitors the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 1 Hz to 5 Hz; the laser rangefinder measures the thickness of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 2 Hz to 10 Hz.
[0017] It also includes step five; step five involves generating a recommended range of db parameters for the target walkway through FDS simulation, and then applying the initial parameters calculated based on the recommended range. The parameter values are verified and corrected.
[0018] Beneficial effects: 1. Significantly improved smoke extraction efficiency: This invention improves smoke extraction efficiency by establishing a net height and... Quantification formula of parameters It achieves precision for different net height scenarios.
[0019] 2. Significant energy consumption optimization effect: This invention adopts a differentiated correction coefficient for high-ceiling-value buildings, which can reduce the ineffective exhaust volume by more than 30% and significantly reduce system energy consumption.
[0020] 3. Strong dynamic adaptability: This invention uses multi-sensor fusion (infrared thermal imager, laser rangefinder, and barometric pressure sensor) to monitor the smoke layer status in real time, combined with a servo motor to drive the vertical movement of the smoke exhaust port, enabling real-time monitoring of the smoke layer during a fire. Dynamic adjustment of parameters improves system response speed and adaptability.
[0021] 4. High applicability: This invention automatically extracts corridor clearance data based on BIM model and combines it with FDS simulation verification and optimization. It is applicable to complex scenarios such as irregular corridors and large-span spaces, improving building fire safety and system reliability.
[0022] 5. This invention verifies the rationality of parameters through FDS simulation, achieving a 24%–42% increase in smoke extraction efficiency and a 18%–32% reduction in energy consumption, effectively ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation.
[0023] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] Example 1: Reference Figure 2 Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height The parameter dynamic optimization device includes a data extraction module for automatically extracting the net height data H of the target walkway based on the BIM model; The parameter calculation module is used to calculate the net height data H using a quantized formula. Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; The multi-sensor fusion monitoring module includes a multi-source sensor consisting of an infrared thermal imager, a laser rangefinder, and a barometric pressure sensor, and a control unit. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer. The laser rangefinder is used to measure the thickness of the flue gas layer in real time. The barometric pressure sensor is used to detect the negative pressure value of the exhaust port. The control unit calculates the lower edge height of the flue gas layer based on the data from the multi-source sensors, and generates a control command to lower the exhaust port when the lower edge height of the flue gas layer is lower than a preset safe height threshold. The liftable smoke exhaust vent includes a servo motor drive module, which is electrically connected to the liftable smoke exhaust vent and is used to drive the smoke exhaust vent to move vertically based on the multi-source sensor data, and adjust it in real time. Parameter value.
[0029] Furthermore, it also includes a digital twin verification module for generating a digital twin verification model for the target walkway using FDS simulation. Recommended parameter range.
[0030] Furthermore, the vertical movement range of the liftable smoke exhaust port is 0.2m to 2.5m, and the response time of the servo motor is 0.5s to 3s.
[0031] In practical use, the data extraction module automatically extracts the net height data H of the target corridor based on the BIM model and sends the extracted net height data H to the parameter calculation module; the parameter calculation module then uses a quantitative formula based on the net height data H. Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values are used to calculate the initial values of the smoke exhaust outlet. Parameter values. When a fire occurs, the multi-sensor fusion monitoring module acquires multi-source sensor data in real time. The control unit calculates the lower edge height of the smoke layer based on the multi-source sensor data. When the lower edge height of the smoke layer is lower than a preset safe height threshold, it generates a smoke exhaust outlet descent control command and sends it to the liftable smoke exhaust outlet. The servo motor is then controlled to drive the smoke exhaust outlet to move vertically, adjusting in real time. Parameter value.
[0032] This invention significantly improves smoke extraction efficiency and demonstrates remarkable energy consumption optimization. Specifically, it employs a differentiated correction coefficient for high-ceiling, high-rise buildings, reducing ineffective exhaust volume by over 30% and significantly lowering system energy consumption.
[0033] This invention utilizes multi-sensor fusion (infrared thermal imager, laser rangefinder, and barometric pressure sensor) to monitor the smoke layer status in real time, and combines this with a servo motor to drive the vertical movement of the smoke exhaust outlet, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the smoke layer during a fire. Dynamic parameter adjustment improves system response speed and adaptability. This invention automatically extracts corridor clearance data based on BIM models and combines it with FDS simulation verification and optimization. It is suitable for complex scenarios such as irregular corridors and large-span spaces, improving building fire safety and system reliability.
[0034] This invention verifies the rationality of parameters through FDS simulation, achieving a 24%–42% increase in smoke extraction efficiency and a 18%–32% reduction in energy consumption, effectively ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation.
[0035] Example 2: Reference Figure 1 Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height A dynamic parameter optimization method is used, employing a mechanical smoke extraction system based on the corridor clearance height. The parameter dynamic optimization device includes the following steps: Step 1: Automatically extract the net height data H of the target corridor based on the BIM model; Step 2: Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; Step 3: Acquire multi-source sensor data in real time when a fire occurs; Step 4: Based on the acquired multi-source sensor data, control the servo motor to drive the smoke exhaust port to move vertically and adjust in real time. Parameter value.
[0036] Furthermore, step two involves calculating the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. The specific method for calculating the parameter values is based on the net height data H, using the following quantitative formula to calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. Parameter value,
[0037] in: This is a correction factor, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.6; The minimum clear height is defined as 1.6m to 2.0m.
[0038] Furthermore, when the net height H ≤ 3m, the correction factor k ranges from 0.2 to 0.3, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 0.3m to 0.5m.
[0039] Furthermore, when the net height data H > 6m, the correction coefficient k ranges from 0.5 to 0.6, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 1.5m to 2.0m.
[0040] Furthermore, when the laser rangefinder detects that the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer is lower than a preset safe height threshold in step three, it automatically lowers its position. Parameter value.
[0041] Furthermore, the infrared thermal imager monitors the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 1Hz to 5Hz; the laser rangefinder measures the thickness of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 2Hz to 10Hz.
[0042] Furthermore, it also includes step five; step five involves generating a recommended range of db parameters for the target walkway through FDS simulation, and then applying the initial parameters calculated based on the recommended range. The parameter values are verified and corrected.
[0043] Example 3: This invention relates to the clearance height of walkways in commercial complexes. A concrete example of dynamic parameter optimization.
[0044] This embodiment uses a commercial complex as the application scenario. The clear height of the main aisle in this complex is 4.5 m, which belongs to the medium clear height scenario.
[0045] First, automatically extract the clear height data of the aisle H = 4.5 m through the BIM model. According to the quantization relationship Calculate the initial parameter value. For the medium clear height scenario (3 m < H ≤ 6 m), select the correction coefficient k = 0.35 (the middle value of the value range 0.3 - 0.5), and the minimum clear height = 1.8 m (the middle value of the value range 1.6 m - 2.0 m). Calculate the initial parameter value: = 0.35×(4.5 - 1.8)=0.35×2.7 = 0.945 m, and it is actually set to 0.95 m.
[0046] System installation includes: An infrared thermal imager (model FLIR E95, thermal sensitivity < 30 mK, monitoring frequency 3 Hz) is arranged at the top of the aisle to monitor the temperature gradient of the smoke layer; A laser rangefinder (model SICK DT35, measurement accuracy ± 3 mm, monitoring frequency 5 Hz) is installed near the smoke exhaust outlet to measure the thickness of the smoke layer in real time; A pressure sensor (model Honeywell HSCDANN030PGAA5, accuracy ± 0.25% FS) detects the negative pressure value at the smoke exhaust outlet. The liftable smoke exhaust outlet is driven by a servo motor (model Siemens 1FK7 series, response time 1.2 s), and the vertical movement range is set to 0.3 m - 2.0 m.
[0047] Implementation steps: Step 1 (Initialization stage): After the system is powered on, the BIM data extraction module automatically reads the building information model, identifies the clear height of the target aisle as 4.5 m, and the parameter calculation module calculates the initial = 0.95 m, and the servo motor drives the smoke exhaust outlet to move to the corresponding position (0.95 m from the ceiling); Step 2 (Monitoring stage): When a fire occurs, the infrared thermal imager starts to monitor the temperature gradient of the smoke layer at a frequency of 3 Hz. When the temperature gradient exceeds 15 °C / m, it is determined that the smoke layer is formed. The laser rangefinder synchronously measures the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer at a frequency of 5 Hz, and the pressure sensor monitors that the negative pressure value at the smoke exhaust outlet remains in the range of -50 Pa - -80 Pa; Step 3 (Dynamic adjustment stage): When the laser rangefinder detects that the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer drops from the initial 3.55 m (4.5 - 0.95) to 2.2 m, the control unit determines that it is lower than the preset safety height threshold of 2.5 m, and immediately generates a control instruction for the smoke exhaust outlet to descend. The servo motor lowers the smoke exhaust outlet to a position 0.4 m from the ceiling within 1.2 s, so that the parameter drops from 0.95 m to 0.4 m; Step 4 (FDS Verification Phase): The digital twin verification module pre-simulates a fire in the corridor using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software. The grid size is set to 0.1m × 0.1m × 0.1m, the heat release rate of the fire source is set to 2MW, and the simulation time is 600s. The recommended parameter range is 0.8m to 1.1m. The initial calculated value of 0.95m is within the recommended range, and the verification is successful. The dynamically adjusted value... Simulation results show that a depth of 0.4m can reduce the descent velocity of the flue gas layer by 42%.
[0048] Principle and mechanism: Based on flue gas laminar flow dynamics, the effective thickness of the flue gas drawn in at the exhaust port... There is a positive correlation between the walkway clearance height H and the walkway height H. This can be verified through quantitative formulas. ,in This represents the usable smoke exhaust space after subtracting the minimum clear height from the net height; correction factor. This reflects the balance between smoke extraction efficiency and energy consumption under different net height scenarios. (For low net height scenarios...) Use a smaller value of 0.2 to 0.3 to improve smoke extraction efficiency and increase net height. A value of 0.5 to 0.6 is used to reduce ineffective exhaust volume. Multi-sensor fusion monitoring ensures that the system can respond in real time to dynamic changes in the flue gas layer: the infrared thermal imager determines the formation and thickness of the flue gas layer through temperature gradients, the laser rangefinder directly measures the height of the lower edge of the flue gas layer, and the air pressure sensor monitors the smoke exhaust effect. After the data from these three sources are fused, the servo motor is driven to adjust the position of the smoke exhaust port.
[0049] Technical Results: Actual test data shows that compared to traditional fixed... With a smoke extraction scheme of 1m, the method of the present invention achieves the following effects when applied to this commercial complex: (1) Smoke extraction efficiency improved by 37% (smoke extraction time was reduced from 8.5 minutes in the traditional scheme to 5.4 minutes, the improvement was (8.5-5.4) / 8.5×100%=36.5%). (2) The flue gas layer sinking velocity decreased by 42% after dynamic adjustment (from 0.31 m / min to 0.18 m / min). (3) Energy consumption is reduced by 18% (the power of the exhaust fan is reduced from 15kW in the traditional scheme to 12.3kW). (4) The safety margin for personnel evacuation is increased by 28% (the minimum clear height maintenance time is extended from 4.2 minutes to 5.4 minutes).
[0050] Mechanism Explanation: Initial =0.95m is calculated based on a net height of 4.5m, ensuring that the smoke exhaust outlet is located within the effective thickness range of the smoke layer, avoiding the traditional fixed... The 1m scheme may result in efficiency loss due to the excessively high position of the flue gas outlet. When the flue gas layer descends to 2.2m, dynamic adjustment is needed. The height is reduced to 0.4m, lowering the lower edge of the exhaust port to 4.1m, which is close to the upper part of the flue gas layer, maximizing the intake of flue gas flow while avoiding the intake of clean air from below.
[0051] FDS simulation verification shows that this dynamic adjustment strategy increases the flue gas concentration at the exhaust outlet by 65% (from 4200ppm to 6930ppm), significantly improving exhaust efficiency.
[0052] Data uncertainty analysis: Infrared thermal imager temperature measurement error ±2℃, laser rangefinder distance measurement error ±3mm, barometric pressure sensor pressure measurement error ±1.25Pa, and the overall error affects... The impact of parameter calculation is less than ±0.05m, and the impact on smoke exhaust efficiency is less than 3%, which is within an acceptable range.
[0053] Example 4: This invention relates to the walkway of a low-ceilinged underground parking garage. Specific examples of parameter optimization (endpoint value application).
[0054] This example focuses on a walkway in an underground parking garage with a clear height H = 2.8m, which is considered a low clear height scenario. Based on the quantitative relationship... For low ceiling height scenarios (H≤3m), select a correction factor. =0.25 (the midpoint of the range 0.2 to 0.3), minimum resolution height =1.8m. Calculate the initial value. Parameter values: =0.25×(2.8-1.8=0.25×1.0=0.25m, The actual setting is 0.30m (adjusted to 0.3m to 0.5m for safety margin).
[0055] The system configuration is the same as in Example 3. The infrared thermal imager monitoring frequency is set to 2Hz (the smoke layer changes rapidly in low-clearance scenes, so the frequency is appropriately reduced to balance the response speed and data processing load), the laser rangefinder monitoring frequency is set to 8Hz (increase the frequency to capture rapidly descending smoke layers), and the servo motor response time is 0.8s.
[0056] Implementation steps: Step 1: The BIM data extraction module identifies the corridor's clear height as 2.8m, and the parameter calculation module calculates the initial db=0.30m. The smoke exhaust vent is set at a position 0.30m from the ceiling. Step 2: When a fire occurs, the infrared thermal imager monitors at a frequency of 2Hz, and the laser rangefinder measures the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer at a frequency of 8Hz. The preset safe height threshold is set to 2.3m (ensuring a clear height of 1.8m + 0.5m margin under a net height of 2.8m). Step 3: When the lower edge of the flue gas layer drops to 2.0m (below the threshold of 2.3m), the control unit generates a descent command, and the servo motor will move the flue gas level within 0.8s. Adjust to 0.25m (close to the lower limit of the endpoint value), and lower the position of the lower edge of the smoke exhaust outlet to 2.55m (2.8-0.25).
[0057] FDS simulation verification: For low-ceiling scenarios, the mesh size was refined to 0.08m × 0.08m × 0.08m, and the heat release rate of the fire source was 1.5MW. The simulation generated... Recommended range: 0.25m to 0.40m, initial... =0.30m is within the recommended range.
[0058] Mechanism Explanation: In low-ceiling scenarios, the flue gas layer forms rapidly and sinks quickly, necessitating the use of smaller... Monitoring values of 0.3m to 0.5m and higher frequencies ensure that the exhaust outlet can quickly respond to changes in the flue gas layer and maintain effective smoke extraction. Correction factor. A value of 0.25 is considered low, reflecting a strategy that prioritizes smoke extraction efficiency over energy consumption optimization in low-ceiling, high-ceiling scenarios.
[0059] Technical effects: In applications of low-ceiling underground parking garages, the method of this invention is superior to traditional fixed methods. The 0.5m scheme achieves the following results: (1) Smoke exhaust time was reduced by 42% (from 7.2 minutes to 4.2 minutes); (2) The velocity of the flue gas layer decreased by 38% (from 0.45 m / min to 0.28 m / min); (3) The minimum clear height maintenance time is extended by 35% (from 3.5 minutes to 4.7 minutes).
[0060] Impact of differentiated parameters: Low net height scenario =0.25 and initial =0.30m, compared to Example 3 =0.35 and =0.95m, focusing more on rapid smoke extraction than energy consumption optimization.
[0061] Actual measurements show that At a depth of 0.30m, the flue gas concentration at the exhaust outlet reached 7800ppm, which is higher than that of traditional methods. The 0.5m solution achieves a 50% increase in smoke extraction efficiency from 5200ppm, significantly improving smoke emission efficiency. Dynamic adjustment to... After reaching 0.25m, the exhaust port is placed close to the smoke layer to maximize the smoke extraction effect.
[0062] FDS simulations show that this parameter combination extends the effective evacuation time of the 2.8m clear height walkway from 3.5 minutes in the traditional scheme to 4.7 minutes, an improvement of 34%.
[0063] Example 5: This invention relates to high-ceiling atrium walkways. Specific examples of parameter optimization (application to upper limit endpoints).
[0064] This example focuses on a connecting corridor in the atrium of a cultural center, with a net height H = 8.0m, classifying it as a high-net-height scenario. Based on the quantitative relationship... For high ceilings and clear heights (H>6m), select a correction factor. =0.55 (the midpoint of the range 0.5 to 0.6), minimum resolution height =1.8m. Calculate the initial value. Parameter values: =0.55×(8.0-1.8)=0.55×6.2=3.41m, the actual setting is 1.8m (considering the feasibility of actual projects, it is limited to the upper limit of the recommended range of 1.5m to 2.0m). In high-ceilinged scenarios, it is linked with the top induction fan. The air volume of the induction fan is set to 30% of the air volume of the exhaust fan. It is installed at a position 1.0m away from the ceiling to help guide the smoke to concentrate at the exhaust outlet.
[0065] System configuration: Infrared thermal imager monitoring frequency 1Hz (for high-net-worth areas where flue gas changes slowly), laser rangefinder monitoring frequency 3Hz, servo motor response time 2.5s (for high-net-worth areas where the adjustment range is large, appropriately extending the response time ensures stable operation).
[0066] Implementation steps: Step 1: The BIM module identifies a clear height of 8.0m, and the parameter calculation module calculates the theoretical value. =3.41m, actual initial setting =1.8m, smoke exhaust outlet is 1.8m from the ceiling, and induced draft fan is 1.0m from the ceiling; Step 2: During a fire, the infrared thermal imager monitors at 1Hz, and the laser rangefinder measures the height of the smoke layer at 3Hz. The preset safety threshold is set to 3.0m (to ensure a clear height of 1.8m + a large margin). Step 3: When the lower edge of the flue gas layer drops to 2.8m (below the threshold of 3.0m), the control unit generates an adjustment command, and the servo motor adjusts within 2.5s. Adjust to 1.5m (lower limit of recommended range), and at the same time increase the air volume of the induction fan to 40% of the air volume of the exhaust fan to enhance the smoke guiding effect.
[0067] FDS simulation verification: For high-ceilinged scenarios, the mesh size was set to 0.15m × 0.15m × 0.15m, and the heat release rate of the fire source was 3MW. The simulation generated... Recommended range: 1.5m to 2.0m, initial. =1.8m is within the recommended range.
[0068] Mechanism explanation: High-cleanliness, high-rise environments have a large smoke layer thickness, requiring the use of larger... A value (1.5m~2.0m) can reduce ineffective exhaust (avoiding the intake of clean air from below) and reduce energy consumption by more than 30%. Correction factor. A value of 0.55 is considered high-end, reflecting the priority given to energy consumption optimization in high-cleanliness, high-ceiling environments. The induced draft fan linkage design utilizes the jet effect to guide dispersed flue gas to the vicinity of the exhaust outlet, improving exhaust efficiency.
[0069] Technical advantages: In high-ceiling atrium applications, the method of this invention is superior to traditional fixed methods. The 1.0m scheme achieves the following results: (1) Energy consumption is reduced by 32% (the power of the exhaust fan is reduced from 22kW to 15kW, the power of the induced draft fan is 3kW, and the total power is 18kW). (2) Smoke extraction efficiency increased by 24% (smoke extraction time decreased from 12.5 minutes to 9.5 minutes); (3) Ineffective exhaust volume reduced by 45% (the proportion of clean air intake decreased from 35% to 19%).
[0070] Parameter boundary effects: Theoretical calculations for high-net-worth scenarios =3.41m exceeds the feasible range for the project. However, limiting it to 1.8m (the recommended upper limit) still yields good results, indicating that the quantitative relationship needs to be combined with actual engineering constraints. Initial When the smoke level is 1.8m, the exhaust port is located in the upper middle part of the smoke layer, avoiding the intake of too much clean air and significantly optimizing energy consumption. Dynamically adjusted to... After being lowered by 1.5m, the exhaust port is moved down 0.3m, maintaining efficient exhaust even as the flue gas layer descends. The induced draft fan linkage design increases the flue gas concentration near the exhaust port by 38% (from 5100ppm to 7040ppm), further improving exhaust efficiency.
[0071] The FDS simulation and measured data showed a 92% agreement, verifying the accuracy of the digital twin verification module.
[0072] Interval analysis: when When the range of 1.5m to 2.0m is varied, the flue gas efficiency changes by less than 8% and the energy consumption changes by less than 12%, indicating that this parameter range has good robustness.
[0073] Where there is no conflict, those skilled in the art can combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to the actual situation to achieve the corresponding technical effects. Specific details of the various combinations will not be elaborated here.
[0074] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0075] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.
[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height The parameter dynamic optimization device is characterized by: It includes a data extraction module for automatically extracting the net height data H of the target walkway based on the BIM model; and a parameter calculation module for calculating the net height data H using a quantitative formula. Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; The multi-sensor fusion monitoring module includes a multi-source sensor consisting of an infrared thermal imager, a laser rangefinder, and a barometric pressure sensor, and a control unit. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer. The laser rangefinder is used to measure the thickness of the flue gas layer in real time. The barometric pressure sensor is used to detect the negative pressure value of the exhaust port. The control unit calculates the lower edge height of the flue gas layer based on the data from the multi-source sensors, and generates a control command to lower the exhaust port when the lower edge height of the flue gas layer is lower than a preset safe height threshold. The liftable smoke exhaust vent includes a servo motor drive module, which is electrically connected to the liftable smoke exhaust vent and is used to drive the smoke exhaust vent to move vertically based on the multi-source sensor data, and adjust it in real time. Parameter value.
2. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 1 The parameter dynamic optimization device is characterized by: It also includes a digital twin verification module for generating a digital twin verification model for the target walkway using FDS simulation. Recommended parameter range.
3. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 1 or 2 The parameter dynamic optimization device is characterized by: The vertical movement range of the liftable smoke exhaust port is 0.2m to 2.5m, and the response time of the servo motor is 0.5s to 3s.
4. Mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on the corridor clearance height as described in any one of claims 1-3 is adopted. The parameter dynamic optimization device includes the following steps: Step 1: Automatically extract the net height data H of the target corridor based on the BIM model; Step 2: Calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet Parameter values; Step 3: Acquire multi-source sensor data in real time when a fire occurs; Step 4: Based on the acquired multi-source sensor data, control the servo motor to drive the smoke exhaust port to move vertically and adjust in real time. Parameter value.
5. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 4 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: Step two calculates the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. The specific method for calculating the parameter values is based on the net height data H, using the following quantitative formula to calculate the initial value of the smoke exhaust outlet. Parameter value, in: This is a correction factor, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.6; The minimum clear height is defined as 1.6m to 2.0m.
6. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 5 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: When the net height H ≤ 3m, the correction factor k ranges from 0.2 to 0.3, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 0.3m to 0.5m.
7. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 5 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: When the net height H > 6m, the correction coefficient k ranges from 0.5 to 0.6, and the calculated initial... The parameter value range is 1.5m to 2.0m.
8. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 4 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: When the laser rangefinder detects that the height of the lower edge of the smoke layer is lower than the preset safe height threshold in step three, it automatically lowers its position. Parameter value.
9. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 4 or 8 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: The infrared thermal imager monitors the temperature gradient of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 1 Hz to 5 Hz; the laser rangefinder measures the thickness of the flue gas layer at a frequency of 2 Hz to 10 Hz.
10. The mechanical smoke exhaust system based on corridor clearance height as described in claim 4 The parameter dynamic optimization method is characterized by: It also includes step five; step five involves generating a recommended range of db parameters for the target walkway through FDS simulation, and then applying the initial parameters calculated based on the recommended range. The parameter values are verified and corrected.