A feed for camelids and a method for producing the same

Abstract

The application provides a bactrian camel feed and a production method thereof, and the bactrian camel feed is composed of the following components in parts by weight: cottonseed meal 7-8 parts, soybean meal 7-8.5 parts, corn 23-27 parts, corn alcohol dregs 9-10 parts, corn gluten meal 3.5-5.5 parts, wheat flour 5.5-6.5 parts, corn germ meal 14-15 parts, wheat bran 9-10 parts, corn white skin 3.5-5.5 parts, palm fatty acid powder 3-4 parts, white sugar 1-1.5 parts, salt 1.5-2.5 parts, premix 0.2-0.4 parts. The bactrian camel feed of the application takes soybean meal and cottonseed meal as the protein source, provides multiple protein sources, has more comprehensive nutritional value, and supplements palm fatty acid powder in a targeted manner, improves the energy level, and further improves the milk yield of bactrian camels. The preparation method is simple, the application provides a special feed for bactrian camel breeding industry, which is comprehensive in nutrition, controllable in cost, and can significantly improve the milk production performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal feed technology, specifically relating to a milk camel feed and its production method. Background Technology

[0002] Feed is a fundamental production resource in animal husbandry, playing a decisive role in livestock growth, development, and production performance. Precisely formulated complete feed can maximize the genetic potential of animals, highlighting its importance in animal husbandry. However, feed raw material production faces multiple constraints. With population growth and rising living standards, the demand for high-quality animal protein continues to increase, directly driving up feed grain consumption. The traditional corn-soybean meal diet model creates direct competition between animal husbandry and human food and the food industry for raw materials, which is unsustainable in the long run.

[0003] As a unique species most adapted to arid and semi-arid environments on Earth, dairy camels have long played an indispensable role in transportation and dairy / meat production in desert regions. In recent years, with the increasing global demand for specialty and healthy dairy products, dairy camel milk has become increasingly popular due to its high vitamin C content, unsaturated fatty acids, lactoferrin, and low allergenicity with potential prebiotic properties, driving the rapid development of large-scale, intensive dairy camel farming. However, feed costs currently account for over 60%-70% of the total cost of dairy camel farming, while raw material prices, especially mainstream protein sources like soybean meal, fluctuate frequently and significantly due to the influence of financial markets, futures speculation, and supply and demand dynamics. This makes the fixed "classic formula" economically unsustainable.

[0004] Therefore, developing and applying diversified and cost-effective protein combinations has become an important direction for the research and development of dairy camel feed. Against this backdrop, cottonseed meal, as an important by-product of cottonseed oil extraction, has come into the researchers' view. Cottonseed meal is a by-product of cottonseed oil extraction; it is rich in crude protein and its price is generally lower than soybean meal, giving it a significant economic advantage. However, the widespread use of cottonseed meal is limited by its content of anti-nutritional factors such as free gossypol, and excessive use may cause toxicity to animals. Therefore, how to scientifically blend cottonseed meal with soybean meal to achieve diversification of protein sources, reduce costs, and improve nutritional value while ensuring safety has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dairy camel feed and its production method in view of the shortcomings of the prior art. It creatively uses cottonseed meal and soybean meal in combination to form a protein supply system with complementary advantages, which is expected to become a special feed with comprehensive nutrition, controllable cost and significant improvement in milk production performance.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a milk camel feed, using soybean meal and cottonseed meal as protein sources, and the composition of the milk camel feed by weight is: 7-8 parts cottonseed meal, 7-8.5 parts soybean meal, 23-27 parts corn, 9-10 parts corn ethanol residue, 3.5-5.5 parts corn gluten meal, 5.5-6.5 parts wheat flour, 14-15 parts corn germ meal, 9-10 parts wheat bran, 3.5-5.5 parts corn husk, 3-4 parts palm fatty acid powder, 1-1.5 parts white sugar, 1.5-2.5 parts salt, and 0.2-0.4 parts premix. The premixed feed consists of: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg Vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg Vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg Vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg Niacin, 450~750 mg / kg Iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg Copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg Zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg Manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg Selenium.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for producing the aforementioned milk camel feed, the method comprising: weighing corn husk granules, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, corn, corn ethanol residue, corn gluten meal, wheat flour, corn germ meal, wheat bran, palm fatty acid powder, white sugar, salt, and premix according to the formula ratio, mixing them evenly, and then granulating, cooling, grading, and packaging to obtain the finished milk camel feed.

[0008] The present invention also provides an application of the aforementioned milk camel feed in feeding milk camels, which can increase the milk production of milk camels.

[0009] This invention has significant technical advantages compared to existing technologies: 1. This invention provides a camel feed, using soybean meal and cottonseed meal as the main protein sources in the camel diet, providing a diverse protein source with more comprehensive nutritional value. It also specifically supplements with palm oil fatty acid powder to increase energy levels, thereby increasing milk production in camels. The nutritional levels of this camel feed are: 13.56 MJ / kg metabolizable energy, 11.30 MJ / kg digestible energy, 22.00% crude protein, 20.40% neutral detergent fiber, 7.66% acid detergent fiber, 1.90% lignin, 5.50% fat, 0.90% calcium, 0.60% phosphorus, 2.00% salt, and 26.00% starch. Experimental results show that compared with soybean meal-based diets, the cottonseed meal-soybean meal-based diet of this invention exhibits advantages in the production performance of camels, significantly improving their milk production.

[0010] 2. The milk camel feed of the present invention uses cottonseed meal and soybean meal as protein sources to increase the protein content of the diet, and the cottonseed meal does not need to be fermented, making the feed preparation method simple.

[0011] 3. The milk camel feed of the present invention, by introducing more price-competitive cottonseed meal while ensuring nutritional levels, effectively mitigates the cost pressure brought about by soaring soybean meal prices, enhances the risk resistance of the breeding industry, and provides the milk camel breeding industry with a special feed that is nutritionally complete, cost-controllable, and can significantly improve milk production performance.

[0012] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0013] In the following examples, soybean meal, corn germ meal, and palm fat powder were purchased from Yihai (Changji) Grain and Oil Industry Co., Ltd.; cottonseed meal was purchased from Xinjiang Taikun Bioprotein Technology Co., Ltd.; corn alcohol residues were purchased from Ningxia Taiherun Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.; corn was purchased from Jiushenghe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.; corn husks were purchased from Xinjiang Yihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; salt was purchased from Hoboksar County Hongda Salt Industry Co., Ltd.; whole wheat flour (imported) was purchased from Lanzhou Jinsuyuan Trading Co., Ltd.; wheat bran was purchased from Lanzhou Jinsuyuan Trading Co., Ltd.; corn gluten meal (58%) was purchased from Meihua Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd.; and white sugar was purchased from Xinjiang Dongli Phosphate Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0014] The camel feed of this invention comprises a mixed feed and feed additives. The mixed feed is divided into concentrate and roughage. The concentrate consists of cottonseed meal, soybean meal, corn, palm oil meal, corn ethanol, corn gluten meal, wheat flour, corn germ meal, and wheat bran; the roughage consists of corn husks. The feed additives consist of feed fillers, sweeteners, and trace element and vitamin additives. The sweetener is white sugar; the trace element and vitamin additives are salt and premix.

[0015] The milk camel feed of the present invention uses soybean meal and cottonseed meal as protein sources. By weight, the milk camel feed consists of: 7-8 parts cottonseed meal, 7-8.5 parts soybean meal, 23-27 parts corn, 9-10 parts corn ethanol residue, 3.5-5.5 parts corn gluten meal, 5.5-6.5 parts wheat flour, 14-15 parts corn germ meal, 9-10 parts wheat bran, 3.5-5.5 parts corn husk, 3-4 parts palm fat powder, 1-1.5 parts white sugar, 1.5-2.5 parts salt, and 0.2-0.4 parts premix. The premixed feed consists of: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg Vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg Vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg Vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg Niacin, 450~750 mg / kg Iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg Copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg Zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg Manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg Selenium.

[0016] The production method of the milk camel feed of the present invention is as follows: Corn husk pellets, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, corn, corn ethanol residue, corn gluten meal, wheat flour, corn germ meal, wheat bran, palm oil fatty acid powder, sugar, salt, and premix are weighed according to the stated formula ratio and then mixed in a mixer to ensure uniform distribution of all components. The mixed raw materials are then pelleted using a pellet mill. The pelleted pellets are cooled by a cooler, while simultaneously controlling the temperature and moisture content to meet standard quality requirements. The cooled pellets are then graded by a distributor, and subsequently collected and packaged to obtain the finished milk camel feed. Example 1

[0017] This embodiment is a dairy camel feed, composed of the following by weight: 7 parts cottonseed meal, 7 parts soybean meal, 23 parts corn, 9 parts corn distillers grains, 3.5 parts corn gluten meal, 5.5 parts wheat flour, 14 parts corn germ meal, 9 parts wheat bran, 3.5 parts corn husk, 3.5 parts palm fat powder, 1 part white sugar, 1.5 parts salt, and 0.2 parts premix. The premix contains: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg niacin, 450~750 mg / kg iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg selenium. Example 2

[0018] This embodiment is a dairy camel feed, which, by weight, consists of: 8 parts cottonseed meal, 8.5 parts soybean meal, 27 parts corn, 9.5 parts corn ethanol residue, 4.5 parts corn gluten meal, 6.5 parts wheat flour, 14.5 parts corn germ meal, 9.5 parts wheat bran, 4.5 parts corn husk, 4 parts palm fat powder, 1.5 parts white sugar, 2.5 parts salt, and 0.3 parts premix. The premixed feed consists of: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg Vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg Vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg Vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg Niacin, 450~750 mg / kg Iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg Copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg Zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg Manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg Selenium. Example 3

[0019] This embodiment is a dairy camel feed, composed of the following by weight: 7.5 parts cottonseed meal, 8 parts soybean meal, 25 parts corn, 10 parts corn distillers grains, 5.5 parts corn gluten meal, 6 parts wheat flour, 15 parts corn germ meal, 10 parts wheat bran, 5.5 parts corn husk, 3 parts palm fat powder, 1 part white sugar, 2 parts salt, and 0.4 parts premix. The premix contains: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg niacin, 450~750 mg / kg iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg selenium. Example 4

[0020] This embodiment describes a method for increasing milk production in dairy camels using the dairy camel feed of the present invention.

[0021] 1. Preparatory work for the experiment This embodiment employs a randomized block design, selecting 60 dairy camels weighing 400-450 kg each and dividing them into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Each group consisted of 30 dairy camels, with a 30-day transition period and a 9-day experimental period. The control group received a soybean meal-based diet, excluding cottonseed meal and palm oil meal; the experimental group received the soybean meal-cottonseed meal high-energy diet of this invention, using cottonseed meal and soybean meal as protein sources and supplemented with palm oil meal. The dietary composition and nutritional components of the control and experimental groups are shown in Table 1.

[0022] Table 1. Dietary composition and nutrient levels (dry matter basis) of the experimental and control groups Note: The composition and content of the premix are as follows: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg Vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg Vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg Vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg Niacin, 450~750 mg / kg Iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg Copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg Zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg Manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg Selenium.

[0023] 2. Animal Management Throughout the experiment, daily management (feeding procedures, watering, disease prevention, etc.) was carried out according to standard operating procedures, and all dairy camels had free access to food and water. The dairy camels were regularly vaccinated and dewormed, and the dairy camels and experimental site were regularly disinfected.

[0024] 3. Production performance analysis of each experimental group Table 2 shows the changes in daily milk production in the control and experimental groups over 9 days of feeding. Feeding the experimental group (a high-energy soybean meal-cotton meal diet) increased milk production, with an average increase of 0.03 kg per camel per day. Milk production is the most direct reflection of the economic benefits of camel farming. Increased milk production per camel means that, with the same feeding costs and management inputs, more dairy raw materials can be obtained, significantly increasing the sales revenue of herders or farms. This is the fundamental driving force incentivizing farmers to adopt scientific farming techniques.

[0025] Table 2 Milk production of dairy camels in the experimental and control groups Table 3 shows the daily changes in milk fat percentage and milk protein in camel milk during the 9-day feeding period for the control and experimental groups. Feeding the experimental group with a high-energy soybean meal-cotton meal diet increased the milk fat percentage and milk protein content of the camel milk, with an average daily increase of 0.34% in milk fat percentage and 0.06% in milk protein per camel. The milk fat percentage and milk protein content of camel milk directly determine the quality and value of raw milk, influencing the entire chain of the camel dairy industry from "farming" to "consumption," and even determining the industry's competitiveness and added value.

[0026] Table 3. Milk fat percentage and milk protein content of camel milk in the experimental and control groups. Experimental results show that, compared with soybean meal-based diets, the cottonseed meal-soybean meal-based diet of the present invention has advantages in the production performance of dairy camels and can significantly improve the milk production performance of dairy camels. This is attributed to the improved bioavailability of specific nutrients in cottonseed meal and the supplementation of palm fatty acid powder to increase the energy of the diet.

[0027] The milk camel feed of this invention, by introducing more price-competitive cottonseed meal while ensuring nutritional levels, effectively mitigates the cost pressure brought about by soaring soybean meal prices, enhances the risk resistance of the breeding industry, and provides the milk camel breeding industry with a special feed that is nutritionally complete, cost-controllable, and can significantly improve milk production performance.

[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Any simple modifications, alterations, and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the inventive essence shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A milk camel feed, characterized in that, Using soybean meal and cottonseed meal as protein sources, the composition of the dairy camel feed by weight is as follows: 7-8 parts cottonseed meal, 7-8.5 parts soybean meal, 23-27 parts corn, 9-10 parts corn ethanol residue, 3.5-5.5 parts corn gluten meal, 5.5-6.5 parts wheat flour, 14-15 parts corn germ meal, 9-10 parts wheat bran, 3.5-5.5 parts corn husk, 3-4 parts palm fat powder, 1-1.5 parts white sugar, 1.5-2.5 parts salt, and 0.2-0.4 parts premix.

2. The camel feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The premixed feed consists of: 375,000~690,000 IU / kg Vitamin A, 90,000~170,000 IU / kg Vitamin D3, 3,500~6,500 mg / kg Vitamin E, 500~900 mg / kg Niacin, 450~750 mg / kg Iron, 1,400~2,300 mg / kg Copper, 4,000~6,500 mg / kg Zinc, 3,000~4,800 mg / kg Manganese, and 25~40 mg / kg Selenium.

3. A method for producing milk camel feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The method is as follows: The ingredients, including corn husk pellets, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, corn, corn ethanol residue, corn gluten meal, wheat flour, corn germ meal, wheat bran, palm fatty acid powder, sugar, salt, and premix, are weighed according to the formula ratio, mixed evenly, and then granulated, cooled, graded, and packaged to obtain the finished milk camel feed.

4. The application of a dairy camel feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 in feeding dairy camels, characterized in that, The aforementioned camel feed can increase the milk production of camels.

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