A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC two-column vertical milling and turning machine

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of machine tool processing technology, and in particular to a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine, comprising a housing, a spindle, a flow-limiting ring, a gear set, a circulation mechanism, and a flushing mechanism. The housing is oscillating on the milling and turning machine around a preset axis. The spindle is horizontally positioned and rotatably connected to the housing via a first bearing. The housing contains a first cavity filled with lubricating oil. The flow-limiting ring is fitted onto the spindle and located at the end of the first bearing, and has multiple circumferentially arranged through holes, the flow area of ​​which is positively correlated with its vertical height. The circulation mechanism drives lubricating oil through the through holes into the first bearing and back when the spindle rotates. The flushing mechanism uses the backflowing lubricating oil to flush the gear set and reduce metal debris adhesion. Its self-circulating lubricating oil improves lubrication dead zones, the flow-limiting ring ensures uniform distribution of lubricating fluid, and the flushing structure removes debris while ensuring the lubrication of the gear set, thus ensuring stable operation of the bearing and gear set.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool processing technology, and in particular to a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine. Background Technology

[0002] CNC two-column vertical milling and turning machines often employ a fixed-beam structure, which inherently limits their machining capabilities by preventing the processing of surfaces or holes outside the central axis. This restricts the machine's processing range and applicable scenarios. To overcome this technical bottleneck and expand machining capabilities, offset universal milling heads have emerged on the market to adapt to fixed-beam CNC two-column vertical milling and turning machines, enabling the machining of parts outside the central axis.

[0003] However, the existing spindle box of the offset universal milling head mainly relies on the rotation of the gear shaft to carry the flow of lubricating oil. However, the lubricating oil in the box is not fully filled, which not only leads to many dead zones and poor lubrication conditions, but also makes the unlubricated parts prone to severe heat and wear, especially when the shaft is under eccentric load. Uneven distribution of lubricating oil can also cause stress imbalance in the sealing parts and leakage. At the same time, the wear debris generated by the transmission mechanism in the box will spread to the entire box with the lubricating oil during long-term operation. This interacts with the wear debris caused by insufficient lubrication, and together they aggravate the wear of various transmission components, forming a vicious cycle of "poor lubrication - heat and wear - debris contamination - seal failure - aggravated wear". This seriously damages the stability of the milling head, reduces the machining accuracy and shortens the service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for CNC double-column vertical milling lathes to address the problem of poor lubrication of current offset milling heads.

[0005] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine includes a housing, a spindle, a flow-limiting ring, a circulation mechanism, a gear set, a reduction motor, a flushing mechanism, and an offset mechanism. The housing is oscillating on the milling and turning machine about a preset axis. The spindle is horizontally positioned and rotatably connected to the housing via a first bearing. A milling cutter coaxial with the spindle is mounted on the spindle. The housing contains a first cavity and a second cavity for filling with lubricating oil. The first cavity and the second cavity are located on opposite sides of the first bearing in the axial direction and are connected. The flow-limiting ring is sleeved on the spindle and located at the end of the first bearing. The flow-limiting ring has multiple... A series of through holes are arranged circumferentially along the main shaft and penetrate the flow-limiting ring along the main shaft axial direction. The flow area of ​​each through hole is adjustable, and the flow area of ​​the through hole is positively correlated with its height in the vertical direction. The circulation mechanism can drive the lubricating oil in the first cavity to enter the second cavity through the through holes on the flow-limiting ring and the first bearing when the main shaft rotates, and then return to the first cavity. The gear set is located in the first cavity, and the geared motor drives the main shaft to rotate through the gear set. The flushing mechanism uses the returned lubricating oil to flush the surface of the gear set. The offset mechanism is used to adjust the machining position of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece.

[0007] Preferably, the flow-limiting ring is provided with multiple gravity plates, each gravity plate is slidably disposed in a through hole along the radial direction of the flow-limiting ring. The gravity plate can slide under gravity and can block the through hole when it is away from the center of the flow-limiting ring. The gravity plate is connected to the flow-limiting ring through an elastic element, which is used to impede the sliding of the gravity plate.

[0008] Preferably, the biasing mechanism includes a fixed arm and a swing arm. The fixed arm is mounted on a milling machine, one end of the swing arm is rotatably mounted on the fixed arm about a horizontal axis, and the housing is mounted on the other end of the swing arm. The preset axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm.

[0009] Preferably, the gear set includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear is sleeved on the main shaft and located in the first cavity. The second gear is rotatably connected to the housing through a second bearing and is located on the side of the main shaft near the fixed arm in the radial direction. The first gear is located in the first cavity and meshes with the second gear. The reduction motor is mounted on the swing arm and can drive the second gear to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, the circulation mechanism includes two impellers, and a third cavity is provided inside the housing. The third cavity and the first cavity are located on both sides of the second bearing and can be connected through the second bearing. A first flow channel is provided on the housing, which connects the second cavity and the third cavity. One impeller is mounted on the first gear, and the other impeller is mounted on the second bearing and can rotate with the second gear. The rotation of the first gear and the second gear can cause their respective impellers to rotate and cause the lubricating oil to circulate in the order of the first cavity, the first bearing, the second cavity, the third cavity, the second bearing, and the first cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the sum of the volumes of the second and third cavities is less than the volume of the first cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the flushing mechanism includes a retaining ring, a first arc plate, and a second arc plate. The retaining ring is mounted on the second bearing and located within the first cavity. The retaining ring is coaxial with the second bearing, and a second flow channel is provided at one end near the second bearing. The first arc plate is located at the end of the retaining ring away from the third cavity and is coaxial with the main shaft. A plurality of first oil replenishing holes are provided on the concave surface of the first arc plate, arranged circumferentially along the first arc plate. The plurality of first oil replenishing holes are all connected to the first flow channel. The plurality of first oil replenishing holes correspond to both sides of the meshing position of the first gear and the second gear, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the first gear. The second arc plate is located on the side of the retaining ring away from the third cavity and is coaxial with the second gear. A plurality of second oil replenishing holes are provided on the concave surface of the second arc plate, arranged circumferentially along the second arc plate. The plurality of second oil replenishing holes are all connected to the second flow channel. The second oil replenishing holes correspond to the side of the second gear meshing with the first gear, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the second gear.

[0013] Preferably, both the first and second oil supply holes include a large hole and a small hole. The small hole and the large hole of the first oil supply hole are arranged along the circumferential direction of the first gear, and the small hole and the large hole of the second oil supply hole are arranged along the circumferential direction of the second gear. Taking the meshing position of the first gear and the second gear as the base point, the large hole of the first oil supply hole, the base point, and the small hole of the first oil supply hole are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the first gear; the base point, the small hole and the large hole of the second oil supply hole are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the second gear.

[0014] Preferably, the first gear and the second gear are bevel gears, and the housing is provided with two filter plates. The two filter plates are arc-shaped and are sleeved on the main shaft with a gap between them. The filter plates are set in the first cavity and connected to the housing. The area between the two filter plates is a storage area. The first oil replenishing hole and the second oil replenishing hole can impact the lubricating oil on the first gear and the second gear into the storage area, thereby collecting and filtering the debris generated after the first gear and the second gear mesh and rub.

[0015] Preferably, a tool holder is inserted into one end of the spindle, the tool holder is connected to the spindle by bolts, and the milling cutter is mounted on the tool holder and connected to the spindle by the tool holder.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The self-circulating lubricating fluid structure allows the lubricating fluid to circulate along a fixed trajectory between the first cavity and the first bearing, effectively improving the lubrication level in the dead zones of the first bearing and housing, alleviating the problem of insufficient local lubrication, and reducing frictional losses. By setting a flow-limiting ring at the end of the first bearing, and utilizing its circumferentially arranged through-holes with varying diameters with height, uniform distribution of the lubricating fluid in the circumferential direction of the first bearing is achieved, effectively reducing the influence of gravity on the distribution of the lubricating fluid, making the circumferential lubrication of the first bearing more balanced, and ensuring long-term stable operation of the bearing. The return lubricating fluid forms a directional flushing structure, which can automatically clean the old lubricating fluid and metal debris from the meshing parts of the gear set, continuously renewing the lubricating fluid in the meshing area, ensuring that the gear meshing parts are always in a fully lubricated state, and reducing the wear impact of debris on the gear set. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 An exploded view of a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of a partial structure of a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along the middle AA direction;

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point D;

[0022] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view at point E in the middle;

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 3 Sectional view along the BB direction;

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along the CC direction;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the flushing mechanism for a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head used in a CNC double-column vertical milling lathe, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] in:

[0027] 100. Fixed arm; 101. Swing arm; 102. Housing; 103. Main shaft; 104. Flow limiting ring; 105. First cavity; 106. Through hole; 107. Gravity plate; 108. Elastic element; 110. First gear; 111. Second gear; 112. Gearbox; 113. Second cavity; 114. Third cavity; 115. First flow channel; 120. Sealing ring; 121. First inner ring; 12 2. First outer ring; 123. First ball bearing; 124. Second inner ring; 125. Second outer ring; 126. Second ball bearing; 127. Blade; 130. Retaining ring; 131. First arc plate; 132. Second arc plate; 133. Second flow channel; 134. First oil filling hole; 135. Second oil filling hole; 136. Filter plate; 137. Oil drain port; 138. Oil filling port; 139. Tool holder; 140. End mill. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0030] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine, including a housing 102, a spindle 103, a flow-limiting ring 104, a circulation mechanism, a gear set, a reduction motor 112, a drive mechanism, a flushing mechanism, and an offset mechanism. The housing 102 is oscillating on the milling and turning machine about a preset axis. The spindle 103 is horizontally arranged and rotatably connected to the housing 102 through a first bearing. A milling cutter 140 is provided on the spindle 103 and is coaxial with it. The housing 102 has a first cavity 105 and a second cavity 113 for filling with lubricating oil. The first cavity 105 and the second cavity 113 are located on both sides of the first bearing in the axial direction and are connected. The flow-limiting ring 104 is sleeved on the spindle 103 and located at the end of the first bearing. The flow-limiting ring 104 is provided with... There are multiple through holes 106 arranged circumferentially along the main shaft 103 and penetrating the flow-limiting ring 104 along the axial direction of the main shaft 103. The flow area of ​​each through hole 106 is adjustable, and the flow area of ​​the through hole 106 is positively correlated with its height in the vertical direction. The circulation mechanism can drive the lubricating oil in the first cavity 105 to enter the second cavity 113 through the through holes 106 on the flow-limiting ring 104 and the first bearing when the main shaft 103 rotates, and then return to the first cavity 105. The gear set is located in the first cavity 105. The geared motor 112 drives the main shaft 103 to rotate through the gear set. The flushing mechanism uses the returned lubricating oil to flush the surface of the gear set, reducing the amount of metal debris adhering to the gear set. The offset mechanism is used to adjust the machining position of the milling cutter 140 relative to the workpiece.

[0032] The lubricant self-circulation structure allows the lubricant to circulate along a fixed trajectory between the first cavity 105 and the first bearing, effectively improving the lubrication level in the dead corners of the first bearing and housing 102, improving the problem of insufficient local lubrication, and reducing friction loss. By setting a flow-limiting ring 104 at the end of the first bearing, and utilizing its circumferentially arranged through holes 106 with varying diameters with height, uniform flow distribution of the lubricant in the circumferential direction of the first bearing is achieved, effectively reducing the influence of gravity on the distribution of the lubricant, making the circumferential lubrication of the first bearing more balanced, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the bearing. The directional flushing structure formed by the returning lubricant can automatically clean the old lubricant and metal debris in the meshing parts of the gear set, continuously renewing the lubricant in the meshing area, ensuring that the gear meshing parts are always in a fully lubricated state, and reducing the wear impact of debris on the gear set.

[0033] In this embodiment, the flow-limiting ring 104 is provided with a plurality of gravity plates 107. Each gravity plate 107 is slidably disposed in a through hole 106 along the radial direction of the flow-limiting ring 104. The gravity plate 107 can slide under gravity and can block the through hole 106 when it is away from the center of the flow-limiting ring 104. The gravity plate 107 is connected to the flow-limiting ring 104 through an elastic member 108. The elastic member 108 is used to hinder the sliding of the gravity plate 107.

[0034] Specifically, the side of the gravity plate 107 furthest from the center of the flow-limiting ring 104 is always located within the through hole 106, meaning the through hole 106 is not completely blocked. When the swing arm 101 swings, it can change the relative height of the multiple through holes 106 on the flow-limiting ring 104. The sliding direction of the gravity plate 107 relative to the flow-limiting ring 104 is inconsistent at different positions, and the vertical component of the gravity plate 107 is also different. The elastic force of the elastic element 108 restricts the position of the gravity plate 107, enabling it to remain stable. Figure 7 As shown, taking the horizontal plane containing the axis of the flow-limiting ring 104 as the dividing line, the angle between the sliding direction of the gravity plate 107, which is located above the dividing line and gradually rises, and the horizontal direction gradually increases and gradually coincides with its gravity direction. The force in the sliding direction of the gravity plate 107 gradually increases, the compression of the elastic element 108 gradually increases, and the flow area of ​​the through hole 106 also gradually increases. Conversely, the force in the sliding direction of the gravity plate 107, which is located below the dividing line and gradually decreases, also gradually increases and moves the gravity plate 107 away from the center of the flow-limiting ring 104. The tension on the corresponding elastic element 108 gradually increases, the area blocked by the through hole 106 gradually increases, and the flow area gradually decreases. This reduces the amount of lubricating oil that easily passes through the through hole 106 due to gravity, thereby making the lubrication of the first bearing more uniform.

[0035] The gravity plate 107 has an inclined surface on the side near the first cavity 105. The inclined surface gradually moves away from the first cavity 105 from the side near the main shaft 103 to the side away from the main shaft 103. When the lubricating oil pressure in the first cavity 105 is large, the inclined surface on the gravity plate 107 can also push the gravity plate 107 to slide on the flow limiting ring 104, which facilitates the flow of lubricating oil.

[0036] Two flow-limiting rings 104 are provided, and the two flow-limiting rings 104 are located on both sides of the first bearing, so that a certain amount of lubricating oil can be accumulated in the first bearing, further ensuring the lubrication effect at the higher position of the first bearing.

[0037] In this embodiment, the biasing mechanism includes a fixed arm 100 and a swing arm 101. The fixed arm 100 is mounted on a milling machine. One end of the swing arm 101 is rotatably mounted on the fixed arm 100 about a horizontal axis. The housing 102 is mounted on the other end of the swing arm 101. The preset axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm 101.

[0038] Specifically, the fixed arm 100 is connected to the flange of the milling machine. The swing arm 101 is equipped with a fixed shaft, and a worm gear is mounted on the fixed shaft. A worm is located inside the fixed arm 100, and one end of the worm is connected to the power mechanism of the milling machine. The worm engages with the worm gear on the fixed shaft. The rotation of the worm drives the worm gear to rotate, and the worm gear drives the swing arm 101 to swing relative to the fixed arm 100 through the fixed shaft, thereby adjusting the position of the spindle 103. The swing arm 101 is replaceable, and different lengths of customized swing arms 101 can be selected according to the machining conditions to adapt to different specifications of eccentric machining conditions.

[0039] In this embodiment, the gear set includes a first gear 110 and a second gear 111. The first gear 110 is sleeved on the main shaft 103 and located in the first cavity 105. The second gear 111 is rotatably connected to the housing 102 through a second bearing and is located on the side of the main shaft 103 in the radial direction close to the fixed arm 100. The first gear 110 is located in the first cavity 105 and meshes with the second gear 111. The reduction motor 112 is disposed on the swing arm 101 and can drive the second gear 111 to rotate.

[0040] In this embodiment, the circulation mechanism includes two impellers, and a third cavity 114 is also provided inside the housing 102. The third cavity 114 and the first cavity 105 are located on both sides of the second bearing and can be connected through the second bearing. A first flow channel 115 is provided on the housing 102, which connects the second cavity 113 and the third cavity 114. One impeller is disposed on the first gear 110, and the other impeller is disposed on the second bearing and can rotate with the second gear 111. The rotation of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 can cause their respective impellers to rotate and cause the lubricating oil to circulate in the order of the first cavity 105, the first bearing, the second cavity 113, the third cavity 114, the second bearing, and the first cavity 105.

[0041] Specifically, multiple first flow channels 115 are provided. The ends of the multiple first flow channels 115 near the second cavity 113 are arranged around the circumference of the main shaft 103. The ends of the multiple first flow channels 115 near the third cavity 114 are arranged around the circumference of the second bearing. When the main shaft 103 swings with the swing arm 101, the lubricating oil in the second cavity 113 can always enter the third cavity 114 well, and the lubricating oil entering the third cavity 114 can also contact the second bearing relatively evenly.

[0042] In this embodiment, the sum of the volumes of the second cavity 113 and the third cavity 114 is less than the volume of the first cavity 105. During the lubricating oil circulation process, the second cavity 113 and the third cavity 114 can be filled with lubricating oil at the same time, while the first cavity 105 still contains lubricating oil, ensuring that the impeller on the first gear 110 can continuously supply oil to the second cavity 113.

[0043] Specifically, a sealing ring 120 is provided between the spindle 103 and the housing 102. The sealing ring 120 is located on the side of the second cavity 113 away from the first bearing. A groove is formed on the side of the sealing ring 120 near the second cavity 113. When the lubricating oil fills the interior of the second cavity 113, the lubricating oil will enter the groove and apply pressure to the sealing ring 120 in the radial direction, ensuring the sealing performance between the sealing ring 120 and the spindle 103. At the same time, it also makes the sealing effect between the sealing ring 120 and the spindle 103 consistent, avoiding local sealing failure between the spindle 103 and the sealing ring 120 after the spindle 103 is subjected to a large radial load.

[0044] Since the housing 102 is mounted on the swing arm 101, the force on the second gear 111 is relatively stable, and conventional sealing is sufficient; after the third cavity 114 is filled with lubricating oil, it flows into the first cavity 105 through the second bearing, which can make the lubrication of each part of the second bearing more uniform.

[0045] Both the first bearing and the second bearing are angular contact bearings in the prior art. The first bearing includes a first inner ring 121, a first outer ring 122, and a plurality of first balls 123. The first inner ring 121 is sleeved on the main shaft 103 and rotates synchronously with the main shaft 103. The first outer ring 122 contacts the housing 102 and is interference-fitted with the housing 102. The plurality of first balls 123 are disposed between the first inner ring 121 and the first outer ring 122 and respectively roll in contact with the first inner ring 121 and the first outer ring 122. A flow-limiting ring 104 is disposed between the first inner ring 121 and the first outer ring 122 and is fixedly connected to the first outer ring 122. The flow-limiting ring 104 is rotatably connected to the first inner ring 121. After the swing arm 101 swings, it can change the height of each through hole 106 on the flow-limiting ring 104 relative to the main shaft 103 in the vertical direction, thereby making the higher through hole 106 open to a greater extent, so that the lubricating oil can better enter the higher position inside the first bearing.

[0046] The second bearing includes a second inner ring 124, a second outer ring 125, and a plurality of second balls 126. The second inner ring 124 is sleeved on the second gear 111 and rotates synchronously with the second gear 111. The second outer ring 125 contacts the housing 102 and is interference-fitted with the housing 102. The plurality of second balls 126 are disposed between the second inner ring 124 and the second outer ring 125 and respectively roll in contact with the second inner ring 124 and the second outer ring 125.

[0047] Each impeller includes multiple blades 127. The multiple blades 127 of the impeller mounted on the first gear 110 are arranged around the circumference of the first gear 110. When rotating, the multiple blades 127 can deliver the lubricating oil in the first cavity 105 to the position of the first bearing. Each impeller can cover each through hole 106 it passes through, which can better deliver the lubricating oil into the corresponding through hole 106. The multiple blades 127 of the impeller mounted on the second bearing are disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the second inner ring 124 and arranged along the circumferential direction of the second inner ring 124. The rotation of the second gear 111 can drive the blades 127 connected to it to rotate through the second inner ring 124. After the blades 127 rotate, they can push the lubricating oil in the third cavity 114 into the second bearing to lubricate the second bearing and reduce the lubrication dead angle.

[0048] In this embodiment, the flushing mechanism includes a retaining ring 130, a first arc plate 131, and a second arc plate 132. The retaining ring 130 is mounted on the second bearing and located within the first cavity 105. The retaining ring 130 is coaxial with the second bearing, and a second flow channel 133 is formed on the side of the retaining ring 130 closest to the second bearing. The first arc plate 131 is located on the side of the retaining ring 130 away from the third cavity 114 and is coaxial with the main shaft 103. A plurality of first oil replenishing holes 134 are formed on the concave surface of the first arc plate 131, arranged circumferentially along the first arc plate 131. The plurality of first oil replenishing holes 134 are all connected to the first flow channel 115. 134 corresponds to the two sides of the meshing position of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the first gear 110; the second arc plate 132 is disposed on the side of the retaining ring 130 away from the third cavity 114 and is coaxial with the second gear 111. Multiple second oil replenishing holes 135 are provided on the concave surface of the second arc plate 132, arranged circumferentially along the second arc plate 132. The multiple second oil replenishing holes 135 are all connected to the second flow channel 133. The second oil replenishing holes 135 correspond to the side of the second gear 111 meshing with the first gear 110, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the second gear 111.

[0049] Specifically, the retaining ring 130 is connected to the second outer ring 125. After the retaining ring 130 seals the end of the second bearing, the oil pressure inside the second bearing will increase. The lubricating oil inside the second bearing will be sprayed out from the corresponding first oil filling hole 134 and second oil filling hole 135. The sprayed oil will flush and replace the lubricating oil on the teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111, flushing away the lubricating oil with debris and replenishing it with new lubricating oil, reducing the wear of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 and improving the lubrication effect of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111.

[0050] In this embodiment, both the first oil filling hole 134 and the second oil filling hole 135 include a large hole and a small hole. The small hole and the large hole of the first oil filling hole 134 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the first gear 110, and the small hole and the large hole of the second oil filling hole 135 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the second gear 111. Taking the meshing position of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 as the base point, the large hole of the first oil filling hole 134, the base point, and the small hole of the first oil filling hole 134 are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the first gear 110. The base point, the small hole and the large hole of the second oil filling hole 135 are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the second gear 111.

[0051] Specifically, the lubricating oil pressure is equal everywhere in the second flow channel 133. The small holes in the first oil replenishing hole 134 and the second oil replenishing hole 135 have a larger oil output speed than their respective large holes, resulting in a greater impact force on the teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111. This makes it easier to knock off the wear debris generated after the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 mesh. Meanwhile, the large holes in the first oil replenishing hole 134 and the second oil replenishing hole 135 have a larger but slower oil output, which will apply lubricating oil to the teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 before they mesh, so that the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 can be fully lubricated when they mesh.

[0052] In this embodiment, the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 are bevel gears. The housing 102 is provided with two filter plates 136. The two filter plates 136 are arc-shaped and are sleeved on the main shaft 103 with a gap between them. The filter plates 136 are disposed in the first cavity 105 and connected to the housing 102. The area between the two filter plates 136 is a storage area. The first oil replenishment hole 134 and the second oil replenishment hole 135 can impact the lubricating oil on the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 into the storage area, thereby collecting and filtering the debris generated after the meshing friction of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111.

[0053] Specifically, there are two first bearings, two second cavities 113, and two sealing rings 120. The two first bearings are sleeved on the main shaft 103 and located on both sides of the first cavity 105. Each second cavity 113 corresponds to one first bearing, and both second cavities 113 are connected to the third cavity 114. Each sealing ring 120 corresponds to one second cavity 113 and is used to separate the second cavity 113 from the outside. The two filter plates 136 are arranged along the axial direction of the main shaft 103 and located between the two first bearings. The two filter plates 136 are located on the same side of the first gear 110. The teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 are designed with an oblique angle, which can change the flow direction of the lubricating oil, so that the lubricating oil can enter the storage area better. When the lubricating oil enters the storage area, it can filter out the debris when passing through the filter plate 136.

[0054] The shell 102 is provided with an oil drain port 137 and an oil injection port 138. The oil drain port 137 is connected to the storage area. Debris and waste oil in the storage area can be discharged through the oil drain port 137, and new oil can be injected into the shell 102 through the oil injection port 138.

[0055] In this embodiment, a tool holder 139 is inserted into one end of the spindle 103. The tool holder 139 is connected to the spindle 103 by bolts. A milling cutter 140 is mounted on the tool holder 139 and is connected to the spindle 103 via the tool holder 139. The tool holder 139 facilitates quick disassembly and installation of milling cutters 140 of different specifications, thereby improving the applicability of the milling head.

[0056] The working principle of the fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine provided in the above embodiment is as follows:

[0057] First, the swing arm 101 is set vertically. Then, the reduction motor 112 is started. The reduction motor 112 drives the second gear 111 to rotate. The rotation of the second gear 111 drives the second inner ring 124 of the second bearing to rotate. The rotation of the second inner ring 124 drives the blade 127 on it to rotate. At the same time, the rotation of the second gear 111 drives the first gear 110 to rotate through meshing with the first gear 110. The rotation of the first gear 110 drives the blade 127 and the main shaft 103 on it to rotate. The main shaft 103 drives the milling cutter 140 to rotate through the tool holder 139. The blade 127 on the first gear 110 rotates, driving the lubricating oil in the first cavity 105 to pass through the through hole 106 on the flow limiting ring 104 and enter the first bearing. Then, the lubricating oil passes through the first bearing and enters the second cavity 113. After the second cavity 113 is filled, the lubricating oil enters the third cavity 114 through the first flow channel 115. The lubricating oil in the third cavity 114 passes through the second bearing under its own gravity and enters the second flow channel 133 on the retaining ring 130.

[0058] As the lubricating oil in the third chamber 114 increases, the oil pressure in the third chamber 114 rises. At the same time, the blade 127 on the second inner ring 124 will also transport the lubricating oil in the third chamber 114 to the second bearing, thereby increasing the pressure of the lubricating oil in the second flow channel 133. When the lubricating oil in the second flow channel 133 passes through the first oil replenishment hole 134 and the second oil replenishment hole 135, it has a certain initial velocity.

[0059] The lubricating oil sprayed from the small holes of the first oil replenishing hole 134 and the second oil replenishing hole 135 will first come into contact with the meshed teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111, washing the meshed teeth and carrying the metal debris on them into the storage area; the lubricating oil sprayed from the large holes of the first oil replenishing hole 134 and the second oil replenishing hole 135 will be poured onto the teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 after they have been washed and before they are meshed, so that the teeth of the first gear 110 and the second gear 111 that are about to mesh can come into contact with the lubricating oil, ensuring the lubrication effect and reducing wear.

[0060] After the relatively rotatable components inside the housing 102 are fully lubricated, the swing angle of the swing arm 101 can be adjusted according to the angle required for machining the workpiece. When the swing arm 101 swings, it will drive the housing 102 to rotate around the swing axis of the swing arm 101. The distance between each through hole 106 on the flow limiting ring 104 and the main shaft 103 in the vertical direction will change. The gravity plate 107 will slide relative to the flow limiting ring 104, so that the flow area of ​​the multiple through holes 106 on the flow limiting ring 104 gradually decreases from top to bottom, ensuring that the lubricating oil can fully lubricate the higher position of the first bearing.

[0061] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine, characterized in that, include: Housing, main shaft, flow-limiting ring, circulation mechanism, gear set, geared motor, flushing mechanism, and biasing mechanism; The housing is oscillating around a preset axis on a milling machine. The spindle is horizontally positioned and rotatably connected to the housing via a first bearing. A milling cutter coaxial with the spindle is mounted on the spindle. The housing contains a first cavity and a second cavity for filling with lubricating oil. The first cavity and the second cavity are located on opposite sides of the first bearing in the axial direction and are connected. A flow-limiting ring is fitted onto the spindle and located at the end of the first bearing. The flow-limiting ring has multiple through holes arranged circumferentially along the spindle and penetrating the flow-limiting ring in the axial direction of the spindle. The flow area of ​​each through hole is adjustable, and the flow area of ​​the through hole is positively correlated with its height in the vertical direction. A circulation mechanism can drive the lubricating oil in the first cavity through the through holes on the flow-limiting ring and the first bearing into the second cavity and then back into the first cavity when the spindle rotates. A gear set is located in the first cavity. A geared motor drives the spindle to rotate through the gear set. A flushing mechanism uses the backflowing lubricating oil to flush the surface of the gear set. The offset mechanism is used to adjust the machining position of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece; The flow-limiting ring is equipped with multiple gravity plates. Each gravity plate is slidably disposed in a through hole along the radial direction of the flow-limiting ring. The gravity plate can slide under gravity and can block the through hole when it is away from the center of the flow-limiting ring. The gravity plate is connected to the flow-limiting ring through an elastic element, which is used to resist the sliding of the gravity plate. The gear set includes a first gear and a second gear. The second gear is rotatably connected to the housing via a second bearing. The first gear is located in the first cavity and meshes with the second gear. The circulation mechanism includes two impellers. The housing also has a third cavity. The third cavity and the first cavity are located on both sides of the second bearing and can be connected through the second bearing. The housing has a first flow channel that connects the second cavity and the third cavity. One impeller is mounted on the first gear, and the other impeller is mounted on the second bearing and can rotate with the second gear. The rotation of the first gear and the second gear can cause their respective impellers to rotate and cause the lubricating oil to circulate in the order of the first cavity, the first bearing, the second cavity, the third cavity, the second bearing, and the first cavity. The flushing mechanism includes a retaining ring, a first arc plate, and a second arc plate. The retaining ring is mounted on the second bearing and located within the first cavity. The retaining ring is coaxial with the second bearing, and a second flow channel is provided at one end near the second bearing. The first arc plate is located at the end of the retaining ring away from the third cavity and is coaxial with the main shaft. Multiple first oil replenishing holes are provided on the concave surface of the first arc plate, arranged circumferentially along the first arc plate. All of the multiple first oil replenishing holes are connected to the first flow channel. The multiple first oil replenishing holes correspond to both sides of the meshing position of the first gear and the second gear, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the first gear. The second arc plate is located on the side of the retaining ring away from the third cavity and is coaxial with the second gear. Multiple second oil replenishing holes are provided on the concave surface of the second arc plate, arranged circumferentially along the second arc plate. All of the multiple second oil replenishing holes are connected to the second flow channel. The second oil replenishing holes correspond to the side of the second gear meshing with the first gear, and can spray lubricating oil onto the teeth of the second gear.

2. The fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biasing mechanism includes a fixed arm and a swing arm. The fixed arm is mounted on a milling machine. One end of the swing arm is rotatably mounted on the fixed arm around a horizontal axis. The housing is mounted on the other end of the swing arm. The preset axis coincides with the swing axis of the swing arm.

3. The fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first gear is sleeved on the main shaft and located in the first cavity. The second gear is located on the side of the main shaft in the radial direction close to the fixed arm. The reduction motor is mounted on the swing arm and can drive the second gear to rotate.

4. The fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sum of the volumes of the second and third cavities is less than the volume of the first cavity.

5. A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first and second oil supply holes include a large hole and a small hole. The small hole and the large hole of the first oil supply hole are arranged along the circumferential direction of the first gear, and the small hole and the large hole of the second oil supply hole are arranged along the circumferential direction of the second gear. Taking the meshing position of the first gear and the second gear as the base point, the large hole of the first oil supply hole, the base point, and the small hole of the first oil supply hole are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the first gear; the base point, the small hole and the large hole of the second oil supply hole are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the second gear.

6. A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gear and the second gear are bevel gears. The housing is provided with two filter plates. The two filter plates are arc-shaped and are sleeved on the main shaft with a gap between them. The filter plates are set in the first cavity and connected to the housing. The area between the two filter plates is a storage area. The first oil replenishment hole and the second oil replenishment hole can impact the lubricating oil on the first gear and the second gear into the storage area, thereby collecting and filtering the debris generated after the first gear and the second gear mesh and rub.

7. A fully automatic adjustable offset milling head for a CNC double-column vertical milling and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A tool holder is inserted into one end of the spindle, and the tool holder is connected to the spindle by bolts. The milling cutter is mounted on the tool holder and is connected to the spindle through the tool holder.

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